BGCSE ENGLISH LANGUAGE REVISION NOTES

 
  

Acknowledgements
These Revision notes are a product of many people who have worked hard to see it
ready for the use of Botswana open University learners. Botswana open University
wishes to acknowledge contributions from the following:

Subject Specialist Programme Developer

Lesego.R. Pelotona

Writers
Puna Hubona
Setshego Phuu

Content Editor
Lesego. R. Pelotona

Editor
Mmaserame David

DTP
Masole Otukile

 
  

Table of contents

Introduction to BGCSE English course

Lesson 1: Narrative Composition

Lesson 2: Descriptive Composition

Lesson 3: Informative (factual) Composition

Lesson 4: Argumentative Composition

Lesson 5: Situational Compositions

Letters

Curriculum Vitae

Reports

Testimonials/Reference

Memorandum

Savingram

Speech and Dialogue

Lesson 6: Reading Comprehension

Lesson 7: Summary Writing

 
  

INTRODUCTION TO BGCSE ENGLISH LANGUAGE COURSE

This revision book is meant for the learner has written BGCSE before. It is just
designed to help you revise in order to rewrite the examination. The revision targets
the skills needed in both paper one and two. The book is arranged into lessons each
covering a specific aspect of the examination.

As you already know, BGCSE English Language is a 2 year course that is taken by
Senior Secondary students who are preparing to go to College, (form 4” s and form
5s). The course is very demanding and quite loaded. You need self-discipline,
dedication and commitment. At the end of the two years, you are expected to write 2
papers (Paper 1 and 2) which will make your final grade.

Aims of the course

1. Remember that the main aim is to help you to use English competently and
confidently on daily basis for communication. You must have acquired 4 basic
skills which are: reading, speaking, listening and writing to communicate well
and to be able to function in a variety of situations including further studies.

2. The learner must be able to respond to different situations accordingly using

the right approaches and skills meaningfully.

Components of the syllabus examination

The BGCSE English Language examination basically checks your ability to read
comprehend any piece of writing presented to him.

You should be able to summarise the material he has read.

You should be able to write an essay on any given topic so skilfully and creatively.

Therefore, at the end of the course you will be assessed on two things;

1.) Paper 1: Creative Writing

2.) Paper 2: Comprehension and summary

In Paper 1 section A, you must be able to do the following:

Write a long essay of 350-500 words based on your own choice of question. In this
section, you choose either a narrative, a descriptive, informative, discursive or
argumentative topic. You must spend 1 hour in this section. The choice of questions

 
  

LESSON 1:

NARRATIVE COMPOSITION:

1.0 Introduction

The word “Narrative” is derived from the noun “narration” which means to tell a
” story”. So the learner must be able to tell a story, thereby appropriately giving
a detailed account of incidences/ events that had occurred in a particular
setting (time and place) in the chorological order. The story again gives full
descriptions of certain characters /people involved in the story, their
appearances , thoughts, and actions and behaviour as they interact with each
other or with the world around them.

In the story there is a dominant theme which relays a particular message and
the learner must be able to highlight that theme as he keeps on writing.

1.1 The plot

In Literature, the novel is a book of continuous prose. The plot is fully

developed, with one incident / the main incident clearly showing throughout the
story. It is followed by a sequence of events connected to it from the beginning
to the end of the story.

For example, in Things Fall Apart, an African novel by Chinua Achebe, the
story is about how the traditions of the indigenous people in West Africa were
diluted and destroyed by the western culture. Through the life of Okonkwo (the
main character) and others, some of the traditions were broken apart, and the
Ibo tribe was greatly affected by this. Okonkwo fought for their culture and tried
to influence others to join in the fight but to no avail.

Therefore, in the same way, the learner must create his own storyline based on
the topic he has chosen and follow the same pattern as it is done in the
example above.

1.2 Examples of Narrative Topics

1. The day you were unfairly treated

2. “I did not mean to do it, he said apologetically. I was coerced”

3. ‘ ’Oh my God! Am saved by the bell! “Tshepo exclaimed.

a) Topic 1: The day I was unfairly treated has the key words as ‘’
unfairly’’ and “treated “. So the main incident is the treatment the

 
  

writer received and how unfair it was. You must clearly show the
understanding of these two key words.

“Unfairly “means being disadvantaged, not treated right deliberately,

not on equally basis like others. “Treated “– handled, given
something, fairly helped. Generally, the topic means the writer was
not given equal chance (s) like others, or was at a disadvantage
unlike others, according to the set principles, so you must explore
the topic outlining all the incidences leading to this mistreatment
clearly. The setting is either at home at school or at the work place.

b) Sample narrative topic

In the sample essay below the writer was called at the office by the
School Head to account for exam that was not run at the expected
time. The events follow one another so well. The topic is addressed.
You will realise that the events are differentiated by time and place.
So in actual fact the learner must be able to write the narrative in
continuous prose, using time and place as your basis for
paragraphing. Each paragraph focuses on a particular incident at a
particular time and place.

The day I was unfairly treated at work

Monty, Catherine and I were colleagues, all in the same department of English
in Lobone Secondary School. Besides we have been chosen to form the form
4 Panel, which was responsible for scheming for the whole term and setting
the tests and exams for all the form fours in the school every term. However,
Catherine had been a problem in the panel. She always missed work and was
not very cooperative. On this particular day Catherine decided not to show up
at the department, however the form 4 test was due for writing the next day, in
the morning at 0800 hrs. The three of us had to share the work equally.
Amongst the 650 students, each one was to have 216 papers to staple and
package in the envelopes. Monty was the smart one out. He took his lot and
packaged it. The other remainder was there lying on the table, waiting for the
two of us, me and Cathy to finish working on it. On the dooms day, the papers
were not prepared and Cathy was nowhere to be found. But the time had run
out. The students did not write the paper at that time. The Senior Teacher
was also not in that day and since I was responsible for the Panel and the
senior member in the department, I was brought before the School Head in his
office to answer for all this mishap.

 
  

“Ms Pheto, how could you be so irresponsible and neglect your work?’’ The
school Head said angrily. ‘’You could have made sure your panel had done all
the work the day before the exam.’’

“Madam, I did my part and Teacher Catherine did not show up to do her work”
I responded.

‘’It doesn’t matter; you could have made sure all the stapling and packaging
were done before you left the office yesterday. You are the most experienced
teacher and you are aspiring to be the Senior Teacher. Are you not? I am
going to write a warning letter for neglecting your duty’’. She said.

I felt so intimidated and humiliated by the School Head.

I could not help it but cried and left the office unceremoniously, so ashamed of
myself. I was apologetic for my actions. I felt the school head had personal
vendetta against me. The people who were to be questioned or blamed were
Catherine and the senior teacher. It is said that every dog has its day. I will
not leave this issue lying low I swear. One day someone else will be crying,
not me. I thought

QUESTION: Now write the story on one of the remaining topics above and
show the plot.

Introducing the story

There are different approaches to the narrative writing. The following are among the
few approaches that you can use as a learner.

a) Introducing a character or characters at the beginning of the story. In the

sample above the writer talks about himself, Monty and Catherine in the
English department. Just a brief discussion of the 3 will give the reader a clue
of what should be anticipated in the rest of the story. Make the story interesting
by ridiculing the characters.
b) Introducing the main event. i.e. Generally saying what happened and when.

For example;

‘’On the 9th August 2018, I was felt so unfairly treated by the School Head. She
called me to answer for other peoples’ mistakes, in her office.’’

When the main incident is mentioned, then one can go back in time to state the
cause of all the problem, then go on to talk about the time during and after the
incident

 
  

c) Direct speech or a quotation

You can use the exact words someone had said during the course of time to
start your story.” E.g.’ ‘’How can you be so irresponsible? “The School Head
said angrily.

d) Using an idiomatic expression

“Every dog has its day.’’ This means there is day in which everyone
experiences some kind of bad luck in his life. I was that person. She was
supposed to the one in trouble that day but instead I was the one.
I said this in my conclusion, but also I can use it to introduce my story.

NB. Learner, you must know that every language has its own set of idioms. You
should not use the idioms from your mother tongue as if they for English. Learn the
English Idioms by yourself. Refer to other sources such as :
https://www.easypacelearning.com/ ,https://www.theidioms.com/ and others.

EXERCISE 1: Explain the meanings of the following idiomatic expressions:

1. To make hay while the sun shines.

2. If wishes were horses, beggars would ride.
3. To wake up on the wrong side of the bed
4. The rainy day
5. Do not count the chicks before they are hatched.
6. Do not put all your eggs in one basket
7. To kill two birds with one stone
8. To spill the beans

EXERCISE 2: Write twenty idioms and their meanings.

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e) Using the dramatic scene

One can use a very dramatic scene to introduce the topic. This means that he
starts with the incident that would appeal so much to the senses of the reader.
The reader can actually form a picture in his mind about it.

 
  

EXAMPLE: Please study the paragraph below;

The school head’s office was adjacent to our department, she called me and
when I entered the door, there she was, looking like a real female black
hippopotamus on the day its calf was taken. She had her spectacles below the
eyes and could not show any smile on her face. I came in, so fidgety and
shaking terribly like the weakling I was. She stood up and began to push the
chair she was seated in and roared!

When you read the description about the School Head in the paragraph above, you
can imagine in your mind how she looked. It is said she looked like a hippo. This
means her looks were terrible and very intimidating. So you can tell why she looked
like that and why she was roaring like a lion.

You have seen how you can approach the narrative composition and make it more
interesting. Let us see if you have learnt something.

QUESTION

Write 5 introductory paragraphs on any narrative topic above showing the

approaches to a story that have been discussed in this topic.

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Characters in the story

Just like any other story, a narrative composition must have characters. Two types of
characters are; the main character and the minor character(s). The main character is
the most important role player in the story. He keeps the story moving and every
event is affecting him one way or the other or is about him directly. When the story
finishes the character’s role ends. He dies, wins or disappears in anyway. He must
be there till the end.

In the simple story above, “I” or the writer is the main character. He is the one
unfairly treated and goes through punishment. He is greatly affected here.

Others are minor characters. This Means they just came in to play their roles at a
particular time and go and they will not be there until the end of the story. People like
Monty, Catherine and the School head.

 
  

Your story must show this main character clearly. It could be you or the other person.
The person displays certain behaviours or a personality which leads some
incidences the story.

The Theme

The Main theme in this story is about unfair treatment at work. The Purpose of the
story is to show how life can sometimes be so unfair and that anyone can be
affected by it, one way or the other. The Lesson you have learn is that you should
expect this treatment sometimes and up to you to choose how you respond or react
to it

Paragraph Development

We have realised that the development of paragraphs in a narrative is important. In

the first sentence, you introduce the main event and then explain it in the rest of the
paragraph by giving supporting details. After the introduction you have to go on to
talk about what happened, when and how in other paragraphs. So each paragraph
deals one minor incident. Paragraph 1 is about the incident at the office when the
school head was scolding student for not doing their work in time

The use of language in a narrative composition

1. Verb tenses.

In most cases the story speaks about past events, therefore the learner must
use the past tenses i.e. the simple past, the past continuous and present/ past
perfect tenses in the bulk of the story.

Examples (i) She kicked the ball – past simple

(ii) She was kicking the ball – past continuous

(iii) She has kicked the ball - present perfect

(iv) She had kicked the ball - past perfect

(v) She had been kicking the ball – past perfect continuous

2. Pronouns

(The 1st, 2nd, 3rd person pronouns)

Depending on the question, you have to determine which pronouns you can
use to show the position of the narrator. You can be either part of the story or
not be involved in any way. In other words in the story, depending on who is
your main character and what he is doing, you may decide to use the 1st, 2nd or
3rd person pronouns accordingly.

 
  

3. Idiomatic / figurative Language.

The use of idioms and proverbs are common features in the story. They enrich
the story and make it most interesting. You must have a vast knowledge of the
English Idioms and their meanings in order to use them appropriately in your
story.

Example

“Mpho had a slight hitch in the school. He could not finish his assignment; little
did he know that he was going to face the music when he got to the school.
He was severely punished.’’

To face the music means to be in trouble

4. LITERARY TECHNIQUES

a) Flashback

The story can be so interesting and enhanced by the use of a flashback.

This is a part of the story that shows a scene that happened earlier in time
than the main story. In other words, the writer goes back in time before
the main incident and tells what happened, that which will connect to the
present situation and makes the story moving.

Example:

N.B: Provide the example here

b) Suspense

This is another technique in the narrative composition. It is when the

writer deliberately leaves the ending of the story hanging or incomplete for
the reader to conclude it by himself.

N: B

c) The use of direct speech in the story

Direct speech is about the exact words said by somebody in a story.

Instead of writing on your own paraphrased words to report what
somebody had said, one may choose to make him speak the words
himself. This speech helps the narrator to emphasis a point. It also shows
the character’s way of doing things.

 
  

For Example:

“You are so irresponsible and you’re neglecting your own work. You
could have done the job earlier on; look at what you have done”.
The school Head uttered this angrily. ‘’ You are now in trouble Mr
Monyera. I swear.”

The words used are too strong and threatening. Besides the speaker
showed too much anger and the respondent is either too afraid or angry
himself, thereby making the environment too tense for both of them. The
most important thing for the story teller is that he should be able to
punctuate the speech well and also to use it for effect in the story.

How to punctuate a dialogue

1. Points to note:
a) Place inverted commas round the words which are spoken.
b) Start a new paragraph every time the new speaker comes in.
c) Start the paragraph with the direct speech then explain or
comment on the speech later, to emphasis the point.

Exercise 1.
Write your own speech in one paragraph and insert the inverted commas
wherever necessary.
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Exercise 2

Write the narrative composition on any one of the topics below and use the direct
speech as the introduction.
(1) Write a story which ends with the words; ‘…… and that is how the thief was
eventually caught.’
(2) The strange thing that happened to me that changed my life for better or for
worse.

NARRATIVE TOPICS

Choose one topic from the following and write a story on it. Your story must be 350
– 500 words long.
1. Write an original story based on one of the following:

Either a) A day when everything went wrong.

Or b) a mad dog

2. A quarrel with a friend.

3. The day the rain came.

4. ‘Stop the thief!’ She shouted.

5. An occasion when you were the centre of attention.

SAMPLE PAPER 1: CREATIVE WRITING.

Section A [40 marks]

Write a composition on ONE of the following topics. At the head of your composition,
put the number of the topic you have chosen. You are advised to spend one hour on
this section and write 350 to 500 words. Remember to check your work when you
have finished. Ten minutes is for checking.

1. Jealousy
2. Describe the day you were unfairly treated either at home school or at your
work place.
3. Write a story based on one of the following:

Either a) “I did not mean to do it; I was coerced”. She said apologetically”.

 
  

OR

b) “I am sorry I can’t help you now, you could have come earlier.” Said the
manager, as he closed the door behind him.

4. Advantages and disadvantages of Social Media on young children.

5. The sale of alcohol and other toxic drugs must be abolished in a country
(discuss) Do you agree ?

SECTION B: [20 Minutes]

Begin your answer on a fresh page. You are advised to spend about 30 minutes on
this section and write 200-250 words. 5 minutes is given for checking your work
after you have finished.

You went to the cattle post to check your father’s cattle and you found that several of
them were missing. On your way back you saw two men driving some cattle to the
village. You realised that two of those cattle belonged to your father and that the
men were actually stealing them. You called the police to come arrest help arrest the
culprits and investigate the case further. Write a clear report to the police using the
points below:

i) Your arrival at the cattle post. Description of the two men you met on your
return driving the cattle.

ii) Convincing reasons why you suspected theft.

iii) Your reaction at the time you met the men.

iv) Their reaction towards you in return.

v) The action you took thereafter

 
  

LESSON 2

DESCRIPTIVE COMPOSITION

2.0 Introduction
Descriptive essays deal with different kinds of descriptions such as description
of people, places and events. In this lesson you will discover that all these
descriptions discuss the nature, origin and behavioural pattern of one thing or
the other. The difference comes in what is being described and the appropriate
register used. In this unit you will learn about the language of descriptions
(adjective and adverbial words or phrases one can use in this own description.
Descriptions create a mental picture of what has been experienced or seen. It
must appeal to senses and convey strong clear impressions of what has been
described.

2.1 Describing a Person

The writer specifically focusses on the following:.

a) The physical appearance of the person; tall, short, slim, muscular,

kinky hair.
b) What he does or say – hoarse voice etc
c) His personality/character – humble, kind rude etc.
d) What others say about him
e) The comparisons and contrasts to others or to what is considered
the standard or the norms.

2.2 Example of a descriptive paragraph:

In the moonlight, Derbie caught a glimpse of an enormous,

pale and wrinkled face with huge ears. The nose was as
sharp as a knife, and above it stood two flashing eyes, which
were staring at her. There was a fierce devilish look about
the eyes. Derbie gave a yelp and pulled back from the
window. She fled across the dormitory, jumped into her bed
and still as a mouse, and tingling all over.

In the paragraph above the description shows how Derbie feared and fled
after seeing someone through the window staring at her. The look on the
face of that strange figure is so scary. One can vividly picture this face in
his mind, and Derbie fleeing.

 
  

Exercise 1

Write a composition on one of the following topics:

1. An interesting person I admire in my school.

2. A cruel relative
3. My favourite teacher

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2.3 Describing a Place

The description of a place is one of skills required from you, in case there
is an examination question he has to answer regarding this. You have to
implore all the skills in creative writing so that you come out to be an all-
round person who is able to tackle any question in the exam. In the
description of a place, you should include the following:

1. What is the place called?

2. Where is the place located?
3. How does the place looks like?
4. What is so common about it?
5. How you feel about the place to address the theme.
6. In contrast to other places, what you can say about it.
7. Conclusion.

For example:

Describe your town at the rush hour.

A. The name of the place - Lobatse

B. Where is the place- south of Botswana – 76 km from capital and 5 km west of
the pioneer border to South Africa.
C. How is the place? - a small town

- population of about 20 000 people

- beautiful landscape – surrounding hills

- tall eucalyptus trees

- so green and cool in summer but very cold in winter

D. Common features in Lobatse- It is known for its delicious meat from Botswana
Meat Commission, the Tannery or the Dairy farm industry.

E. Your opinions- Lobatse at the rush hour- very busy – too many cars,
congested road- few roads- Rush /peak hours; 06: 00 hrs to 0 800 hrs, 12:00
hrs to 14:00 hrs, 1630 – 1830 hrs. Shops and bus rank – all crowded, too much
noise from car hooters, and people shouting at and calling each other, busy
people in the market are buying and selling, advertising their products.

F. Contrast – at the rush hour- not as busy as the city but so prevalent crime in
the shops. Young boys steal /shoplift from the shops. Rough driving on the
road (drunken driving) The A1 road is always busy to Gaborone or Mafikeng.

 
  

The food in the market so delicious and appetizing – sumptuous traditional

delicacies from different stalls. People buy the food and sit on the concrete
chairs and tables under the tall trees nearby to eat and chill for the remaining
minutes before reporting to work, at 2 0 clock. Conclusion – Lobatse at the
rush hour can be so cumbersome, but the noise is contained and the police are
always busy on the road trying to control traffic unlike in other towns.

Exercise 2

Using the notes above write the description of the town at the rush hour.

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2.4 Description of Events

This is another type of the descriptive composition. It is similar to a narrative, in
that you have to write a story about what happened, when and how it
happened. ( you can refer to Lesson 1 – Narrative essay). However, the
description is more focussed on describing rather than just telling a story.

For example – “The Wedding I attended”. In this topic you focus on describing
the following:

1. When was the wedding?

2. Whose wedding?
3. How the wedding was? i.e. unfolding the events of the day, from time to
time.

The learner must be able to describe in detail all incidents that occurred at the
wedding, and create an impression on the reader, whether it was a good
enjoyable event or a strange and bad one that left everyone amazed, shocked
or happy.

2.5 The Plan

It is basically a story, you are writing about the events; based on the
programme of the day within the given time frame.

In other words, the plan is such that incident follow one another in a
chronological /sequential manner.

The wedding – The Plan that I attended.

a) Introduction: Whose wedding; my uncle and his long time sweetheart, on

the 23rd Nov 2018, in Maunatlala.
b) In the morning – preparations – the bride and groom dressing up, the
parents (uncles) leading the processions church Service – exchange of
Vows.
c) Afternoon – Photo shooting.
-­‐ Lunch
-­‐ Dancing and singing
d) Evening - Reception
e) The End /conclusion – overall impression about the wedding.
e.g. Interesting – well planned beautiful. Etc.

In every aspect of the wedding the learner must describe, the people, the
atmosphere and the mood in that wedding, to set the tone of the events. e.g.

 
  

How the couple looked like, what was the Marriage Officer saying and how he
was speaking. Rely on the use of appropriate and varied adjectives and
adverbs. Here are some of the adjectives you can look at.

2.6 The Language of Description

The words for descriptions vary from time to time depending on what you are
describing. This means when you describe a person the words and phrases
differ from those you use to describe animals, plants or places. The parts of
speech used in most cases are adjectives and adverbs. We shall be looking at
these 2 components in this lesson.

The use of adjectives

The learner must be able to use appropriate descriptions of a particular thing

and there are a variety of things to describe in that thing.

• For instance: describing a jacket

• Colour- black
• Size- small
• Material= leather
• Sentence; He found the small black leather jacket in his room.

In this sentence the words in italics, ‘’ small, black and leather’’ are adjectival
words of size, colour and material respectively. So we know the type of the
jacket found in the room.

Many other things can be described the same way or have other aspects
included in the description. Having said this, let’s look at the general and basic
aspects of our descriptions.

a) Colour- black
b) Size - small
c) Material- leather
d) Age - old
e) Shape or design - short- sleeved
f) Origin - Italian
g) Opinion – beautiful etc

All these aspects and many others distinguish things and the learner must be
able to use the appropriate words to describe one thing or the other in
sentences or in the whole composition. Two or three words can be used in one
sentence but one must be able to arrange them in their proper order to convey
the intended meaning. Here are examples of some of the adjectives you can
use.

 
  

https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/81vp1TD57YL._AC_SX466_.jpg

 
  

https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/81vp1TD57YL._AC_SX466_.jpg

EXERCISE 1

Fill in the blank spaces with the relevant adjective in each sentence below.

E.g.

1. He gave him a long ruler.

2. Tshepo had put on the ________________ dress.

3. They had taken the ____________ route to town.

4. She never liked ______________________ shirts.

5. Students must wear ________________ shoes for training after school.

6. Her ______________ print fits her so well.

7. Parents are supposed to buy _______________ clothes for their children in

winter.

8. He always puts on ________________ designer clothes.

9. The ______________ goat is such a good breed.

10. I liked to wear _____________ shoes when going for special events.

 
  

2.7 Adverbials
An Adverb is a word that qualifies a verb e.g. He walks slowly

“Slowly” describes how someone walks (verb) so it is an adverb.

There are different types of adverbs one can use:

(i) Adverb of manner

(ii) Adverb of place
(iii) Adverb of time
(iv) Adverb of frequency
(v) Adverb of degree

Examples

a) They looked anxiously at each other (manner)

b) No Birds or animals came near the dead body (place)
c) She will be here soon (time)
d) She occasionally comes to my house (frequency)
e) She was very upset about his behaviour. (degree)

 
  

http://learningglobalenglish.blogspot.com.es/2014/03/adverbs-of-manner.html

 
  

Exercise 2

Identify the adverb used in each sentence below:

a) The children were happily playing in the garden (manner)

b) We enjoyed the concert very much last night (degree)
c) Last year we had a holiday in London (Place)
d) Next Year they are building a new school in our Town (place)
e) It rained heavily last night (Degree)
f) Andreas speaks English fluently (manner)
g) Jack spoke very angrily at the meeting yesterday (degree)
h) He wrote his name neatly at the bottom of the page (manner)
i) He often gets very late to work (frequency)

2.8 Conclusion
The Descriptions vary from time to time as one uses different words or phrases
to convey his knowledge of a particular thing or the other. So the words and
phrases used form an impression on the reader, either good or bad so it is very
important How you use such words to Convey an intended meaning.

2.9 Descriptive Topics

Choose one topic and write the composition on it. It should be 350-500 words
long.

1. Give an account of the waiting room at the bus station.

2. Write the description of the route to your home in the middle of your
village.
3. The social media
4. The radio
5. If you were the school head of your school, Write about the changes you
will have brought in the management of the school and say why.
6. Jealousy
7. My class at school and two or three of its interesting characters.

 
  

LESSON: 3

AN INFORMATIVE COMPOSITION

3.0 Introduction
From the word “Informative” we get the noun “information” so the composition
is meant to give information or factual knowledge of how things work. For
example:

“How to bake a cake “

It is not a debatable topic. One has to provide information/facts about “baking”,

which is proven to be right conventionally. Having said this, these kinds of
topics need a well-informed and a well- read individual who has researched
much on the topic. The candidate must be well informed in such issues
concerning the travel, news in his environment and from outside. He must also
know social or living conditions of people, recreation and sports, work and the
economy of countries including his own. A lot of general knowledge is required
to write this kind of composition.

3.1 How to arrange your facts

Topic: Discuss the different modes of transport in your country.

In this topic, you must be able to write about different modes of transport in his
own country. He knows the facts about them, from observation, experience, or
from research. However, the student must plan his composition in such a way
that all parts of the question are answered. For example

1. What is transport (introduction)

2. Mode no 1. – Road transport
3. Mode no 2. – Rail transport
4. Make contrast or choose the one you prefer.
5. Conclusion

This is basically the plan of your composition. Each point can be discussed in
one paragraph so with this topic the candidate may end up having 5 or more
paragraphs.

 
  

3.2 Informative Topics

Choose one topic below and write on it.

1. Ways reducing or preventing accidents at home.

2. Volcanic eruptions
3. Advantages or disadvantages of the rainy season
4. Tourism in your Country
5. The importance of having your own home (house) to stay in.
6. Ways of eradicating poverty in your country.

 
  

LESSON 4

ARGUMENTATIVE COMPOSITION
An argument can start between two people, and the intention of each person is to
win the argument. Therefore the topic should always be controversial and allows
each person to defend their stand with valid and concrete reasons for or against the
topic in question.

For example:

Topic: “Capital punishment should be abolished”

Some people believe that capital punishment means rightfully granting justice to the
offended, therefore it should be done. Others believe that capital punishment is
cruelty and a sin to man and God. Legally killing another person is still against
humanity and God. Therefore, should not be carried out, under any circumstances.
So you as the learner must be able to take a stand in as such as topic and prove
your points convincingly.

4.1 The Plan

Planning an argumentative composition is very important. This means you

have points to discuss on a given topic and expand each one of them
accurately and extensively in a paragraph. There are 2 different plans one may
use.

PLAN 1 TOPIC: CAPITAL PUNISHMENT SHOULD BE ABOLISHED.

Arguments for Arguments against

Definition of the key terms: what is Definition of key terms

Capital punishment? Capital punishment

Capital Punishment- as a violation of Justice Granted to the victim and family

Human rights.

The offender’s rights affected

Cruelty It is a deterrent

It affects the family of the offender Crime can be reduced

Conclusion 5. conclusion

 
  

PLAN 2: SPIDER PLAN

Look at the plan below. (Proposing)

human  
rights   cruelty  
Definition  
violated
of  terms  

CAPITAL  Capital
PUNISHMENT   M UST  BE  
punishment
ABOLISHED  
Must be abolished

Impact  
on  family  

Conclusion  
CP  affects  
population  

After the student has made his plan, he would be able to use the points therein
to develop his composition. The key point is how you expand those points. You
should be able to organise your composition in paragraphs. Each paragraph
has one point to discuss. For the topic above, one can come up with 4 or 5
paragraphs depending on what he has in mind, and how much details he has.

4.2 Language
In an argumentative essay, language or the words to use for the argument
depend on the topic itself. More importantly the writer must be able to connect
his arguments very well between sentences and paragraphs. So the rightful
use of the connectives is very important.

4.3 Connectives
Look at the examples below:

After ,Although, when, as, since, thus, when, therefore, because, in

conclusion, at last, when, if ,since, on the contrary, on the other hand,
since, nor, in spite of, nevertheless, however, thereby, whereas,
moreover, in addition, more so, however

 
  

Exercise 1: Copy and complete the sentences below in any sensible manner.
There are many possible alternatives.

1. Because of fire in a road near the school, . . .

2. Although there are more police now . . .

3. Since the price of the camera was too high . . .

4. As I was waiting for a bus. . .

5. If the shoes are very small. . .

6. Although some people may disagree with me. . .

7. if the population of the world continues to grow rapidly . . .

8. As schools yesterday was a holiday I . . .

9. Because of the accident on the road . . .

10. When you have finished your work . . .

Exercise 2
Write a composition on one of the topics below:

1. One party rule is the best form of government.

2. Marriages should be arranged by parents.
3. Examinations should be abolished
4. A major cause of juvenile delinquency is the increasing lack of discipline by
parents at school. Do you agree?

 
  

LESSON 5

SITUATIONAL COMPOSITIONS

1.0 Introduction
The situational composition describes a situation i.e. an incident that had
occurred. In this context the learner should be able to answer the questions
below;

a) What happened (the incident)

b) Where it happened (the place)
c) When it happened (the time)
d) How it happened (the manner)
e) Your opinion message (what can you say about this incident)

Situational compositions are assessed in Section B of paper 1 and the question

is compulsory.

Besides the description, you must also consider the style of writing and the
format that you should use, for example if you write a formal letter; you have to
know the format of a formal letter. In this section again you are given some
guidelines which form the basis of your writing and you must strictly adhere to
them and not add any extra details. So basically the you write the full
composition by expanding the points you are given.

There are different kinds of situational essays:

1. Letters; formal and informal letter

2. Reports a) Newspaper report

b) Police report

c) Official report

3. Speech and Dialogue

4. Letter to the editor

5. Memorandum and Savingram

6. Testimonials / References

 
  

Each of these types has a format and the guidelines to follow. Each year one of
them is used for the part B of the paper. But the learner has to prepare and know
about all of them. We shall discuss each aspect of them extensively in this booklet.

Section B of Paper 1 (Directed writing) you can be required to write any of the items
discussed in this lesson.

Letters

3.1 Informal letter

This is a letter to someone you know or you are related to him. The language
is so informal or casual because you are used to that person.

Layout/ format

a) The address
The letter has one address. On the top – right hand corner of your page
eg.
Lesedi Thuto School
P/bag 13
LOBATSE

b) The Date
The date comes after the address, a full date after skipping the line e.g,
25th January 2019, not 25/01/2019
c) Salutation

Since you know the person you’re writing to, it’s best you address him/her
by the name, or depending on how close you are to him, you can use
some titles or informal nicknames eg. Dear mummy, Dear Margaret, Dear
Maggie, etc

d) The Ending

You can use “Yours Sincerely” or any of the endings below:

With best wishes

Yours

With Love

Tshepo

 
  

3.2 Content

Just like any guided composition. The learner is given points /guidelines to use
in his writing. But on the 1st paragraph, greetings are important. Also in the
conclusion the writer gives his heartfelt wishes, his desires, his plan for the
future and bids the recipient farewell.

3.3 Formal letters

A formal letter requires caution when writing. It’s a business letter, therefore
the writer does not have leverage to greet, or prolong issues in the letter. He
talks about business only. He writes to the company or the organisation,
through the officer - in -charge whom he may not know

 
  

b) Salutation

You’re either writing to a man, so you should address him as “Sir”. If it is a

woman you write “Dear Madam”. But if you are not sure whether it is a
man or woman, you write “Dear Sir/Madam”.

c) Title
The formal letter must have a little, with an “RE” at the beginning eg RE:
REQUEST FOR STATIONERY FOR MY DEPARTMENT.
The topic must reflect what the letter is all about.
d) Ending
“Yours sincerely “can be used if one is familiar with the recipient but if he
does not know him altogether he writes “Yours Faithfully”. You skip a line
then sign before the names. Then you write your name and Surname
under the signature. . The Position of the writer may be written under the
name and surname, if necessary. Eg.

Yours Faithfully

Signature
Segolame Phiri
(Teacher of English)

Exercise 1

Type and write your own Curriculum Vitae, and give it to your tutor at the study
centre to check it.

Exercise 2

Write the letter to your principal, requesting him to write a reference for you after you
have completed your BGSCE.

Exercise 3

You have seen on the newspaper an advertisement calling for applications for the
post of Accounts Clerk in the Ministry of Basic Education Accounts Department and
with your qualifications; you stand a better chance to be employed. Write the
application letter and your Curriculum Vitae to send them together there.

Exercise 4

You are the representative of the Botswana Open University students and you’re
responsible for interacting with the Botswana Open University Regional Office on
behalf of the students. The students came to you to complain about lack of
resources in the school.

 
  

Write the letter of complaint to be sent to the office outlining the students’ concerns.

Exercise 5

You have been doing well in Botswana Open University and you emerged the best
student amongst the whole group that you enrolled with. Therefore, you want to
appreciate Botswana Open University for helping you achieve your goals. Write the
acknowledgement letter to the school coordinator in your region and appreciate their
efforts, especially specific teachers that really deserved the credit.

Exercise 6

You were asked by Botswana open University School coordinator to go and find
books relevant to the subjects you are studying there. Then you discovered they are
found in a certain bookshop and you want to buy them. Write to the manager of the
bookshop and order those books.

Exercise 7

You borrowed a book from the students’ library to be able to do the assignment you
were given, and then it got stolen. When the library wanted it back, it was no- where
to be found. Write the letter of apology to apologise and explain what had happened
to the book and how you’re going to replace it.

A LETTER TO THE EDITOR

The letters to the editor are found on the column section of a newspaper or a
magazine. These are basically individual opinions sent to the public through the
newspaper. The writer may disclose his name at the end of the letter, or choose
not to, for security reasons. The letter is formal however the most important things
needed in the format are the salutation, the writer’s name, and the topic.

Look at the letter below;

THE SWEET TRAPPINGS OF awesome power and vast state

POLITICAL POWER IN AFRICA resources at his disposal. Many African
leaders assumed an imperial character
The principle of government by the and sadly regard themselves as largely
people for the people has been above the law: accountable to no one
subsumed by the will of some African and entitled to remain in power or to
leaders to cling to power. Africa has pass the sceptre to the offspring. Due to

 
  

seen most of its leaders remaining in this rather imperial character, conflict
power for the longest of times and it has been inevitable in Africa. Africans
seems the trend will continue into the currently in the middle of third term crisis.
future. ..

Although in recent years we have seen Catch Solly Rakgomo@73904411

certain African dictators successfully be
removed from power, there are still
quite a number of African leaders who
are able to circumvent the rules and
continue to rule their respective nations.

Even though the modern day African

president might no longer be the
absolute autocrat of yesteryear, he still
rules with

The letter above is written by Catch Solly Rakgomo. He is concerned about the way
African leaders have been rule their countries more to serve their interests than to
exercise democracy and follow the rule of law.

Exercise.

Read the article above and respond to it. Write the reply letter and show your
opinion for or against Solly’s arguments.

CURRICULUM VITAE

This is the document one has to attach to the letter of application, for a job or for
scholarship. The Learner does not have a chance to write everything in the letter, so
the CV is meant to provide all the details about himself. It is divided in to 7 sections.
It is not a letter per se, we are discussing it under letters because they are somehow
related.
1. Personal details
2. Education
3. Qualifications
4. Experience
5. Special skills/ Extra duties
6. Profile
7. Referees

 
  

1. When you first heard about the diarrhoea outbreak in the

school.
2. The situation when you reached the school.
3. The atmosphere at the local clinic.
4. The decisions taken by the school to alleviate the problem.
5. Who to blame for this outbreak.

The report must be in continuous writing and be at least 250 words

long. The development of the report depends on the guidelines
given in the question. In the case above, the learner must be able to
expand the 5 points and develop a fully- fleshed report.

c) Expansion of points.

There are 5 points in the question and the learner must add details
to each point and make a paragraph out of it. e.g. Point 1 – when
you first heard about the diarrhoea outbreak.

d) Details: On the 30th January 2019, there was a report that in Maun
Secondary School, 80% of the students were seen outside the
Mowana clinic. They had gone to seek for medical help because
they were all complaining of diarrhoea and abdominal pains and
cramps.

The 1st point has been expanded for you by adding some details to
it. At the end of the composition the learner would have written a
whole story about what had happened in the school. However, he
must also consider how he connects his sentences and paragraphs
together to make a whole.

e) EXERCISE

On a certain day, the residents had gathered at your neighbour’s

place, shouting and demanding that the lady releases a child who
had been reported missing two days ago and was suspected to have
kidnapped. Write the story in full to publish in your local newspaper
thereafter.

Use the points below to write the report:

1. Who the missing child was.

2. When he was reported missing and how he disappeared.
3. Why the woman in question was the suspect.
4. The intervention by the Police.
5. How the child was found.

 
  

f) POLICE REPORT

This is the statement given to the police in case of crime. It is either

written by the offender, the offended or the witness. The report is
given under oath, therefore the reporter should give this report
exactly as he had seen the incident(s) occurring. So in this way it is
also called an “EYE-WITNESS REPORT”.

(a) Format

Just like the formal letter, the format has the following:

(1) Your address + date

(2) The recipient + the address of the station
The Station Commander
Woodhall Police
P/Bag 050
Lobatse
(3) Salutation: Dear Sir
Dear Madam
Dear Sir/ Madam
(4) Topic - which captions the theme of the report. E.g. THE
MISSING CHILD
(5) INTRODUCTION: The highlights about what happened
and the writer’s position and the contact addresses
(6) ENDING – Signature

The format takes 5 marks – Each aspect of the format is 1

mark.

(b) Content

Like any other situational composition, the Police report has

some guidelines and the writer developed the points by adding
details and ensuring that there is connection and coherence
between the points. But the report must include the following
basic points;

(i) Your full names, address and telephone number(s)

(ii) Details of the date, time and place(s) where the incidents
took place
(iii) Use of a heading to summarise to report
(iv) Descriptions of people involved
(v) Objective and accurate reporting when given the
information

 
  

Exercise

Write a report to the police station on one of the following

a) A road accident you witnessed or were involved in

b) The loss of your money during one of the lessons
c) A street fight you witnessed
d) A break -in at your flat.

4. Testimonial/ Reference
Testimonial/references give details about one’s personality, behaviour and
abilities/skills which may qualify/disqualify him for the job he wants or the
scholarship. In most cases, the supervisor writes the reference for the people
under his care because he interacts with them on daily basis and knows a lot
about them.

(a) Format

The reference/testimonial takes the format of a Formal letter (see lesson

5.0 format of a formal letter). So we will not spend much time on this topic.
The only slight difference is that on the Salutation the writer may say “TO
WHOM IT MAY CONCERN” if he does not know the recipient of the letter.
On the ending the writer must state his designation position immediately
after writing his names.

Address: P/Bag 13

Lobatse

5 Feb 2019

Salutation: To Whom it may Concern

Topic: Reference for Boitumelo Taolo

Ending:

Yours faithfully

Signature

 
  

Name and surname

(Designation/position)

(B) Content

The testifier develops the points given but basically the testimonial
includes the following

(i) How you have known the person you are testifying about.
Eg Katlego Phiri has been my student since 2016 and was in class
5D, which I was teaching English.

(ii) How has Katlego been doing in class and his overall performance after the
exam.

(iii) Katlego’s character and behaviour

(iv) His other achievements

V) Recommendations

The reference or testimonial intends to help the supervisee achieves his

goals so it should be truthful and speaks positively about him.

Conclusion:

In the examination you may be required to write a testimonial/reference for someone.

So it is better you know what to write for your supervisee.

Exercise

Choose one of the following topics and write a testimonial on it.

1. Omphile Luke wants to work in the Bank and she must have done a business
related course or worked in a company that deals with finance. You have
known him as a cashier in the supermarket where you are working as a
manager. Write the testimonial /reference for her.
2. Kabelo Smarts wants to be in the army and basically be in the Rugby team
because he is good at it. As the Rugby Coach and the Sportsman at his former
school, write a very good reference for him, indicating all the details about his
skills of play , character and behaviour as a player and a student.

 
  

5. Memorandum / Savingram

Memorandum

A memorandum or in short a ‘memo’ is a brief note that we write to remind

people of a particular issue and make them pay attention or do something
about it, within an organisation. The savingram is from outside the
organisation most cases from the mother body to subordinate departments or
organisations

For example; In a school there had been an outbreak of diarrhoea. Many students are
being infected and require medical attention. As the school head you called an
emergency meeting. Thereafter you write the memo to alert everybody else about the
situation. Write the memo indicating the following.

1. The time you discovered there is a problem

2. Reaction of the students on the matter.
3. What has been put in place to alleviate the situation by the Administration
/school
4. The response by the Health Department.
5. Who is to blame?

In the question above the students and staff had been alerted of the situation,
and what is happening on the ground. They will know what to do thereafter and
where to go.

The Savingram

The Savingram is just the extension of the memorandum, to the outside world. That
means it is usually from the umbrella body to mini organisations or departments in
the same sector. For example, from the Ministry of Basic Education head office to
Education Centre (regions) and to schools. The savingram also covers a number of
emerging issues within the education system or even in other departments.

Formats

i) memorandum

DATE: 11 February 2019

TO: students & staff /teachers (lobsec)

FROM: school head (Lobatse snr)

CC (carbon copy to): Ancillary Staff

SUBJECT: THE OUTBREAK OF DIARRHEA IN SCHOOL

 
  

6. Speech And Dialogue

Speech

Speech writing is one of the aspects of language one has to do, in order to
acquire the skills involved when addressing people, or for the purposes of
answering the exam question, if it is asked. This is a long speech whereby an
individual speaks to a particular place and time. Like any other situational
topics, there is a format to follow in writing the speech.

(a) Format

The format is embedded in the topic. It is a long topic which supposed to

include 5 things;

(i) The name of the speaker

(ii) The date and time of the speech
(iii) The place where the speech is done
(iv) The subject of the speech
(v) The (designation/Position) of the speaker

Study the topic below:

Onkarabile Pheto, a former student and the president of SRC, addressing

the students at Lobatse Senior, On the topic “Effective ways of Studying”,
at the Multi-purpose Hall on the 13 January 2019 at 0800 hrs. in the
morning.

The 5 points of the format can be found in the topic above. Let us identify
them.

(I) Name of speaker - Onkarabile Pheto

(II) Date and Time - 13 January 2019 0800 Hrs.
(III) Place - Lobatse Senior School Multi-purpose Hall
(IV) Topic - Effective Ways of Studying
(V) Position - Former student and president of SRC

So the student will get his 5 marks for the format if all these things are
included in the topic.

(b) Content:

Introduction

The student/learner answers the five questions asked in the question

however he must consider whom he is talking to and what the subject is
all about. The Introduction is very important to the listeners. The speaker

 
  

starts with the greetings and by observing the protocol starting with
higher- ranking person in the group and then introduces the topic. For
example: look at the introduction below.’

“The School Head Mr Modise, The Deputy School Head Ms Masala,

Head of Departments, Teachers and Students Ladies and Gentleman, I
am the former student of this school, now studying in UK. I am
Specialising in Natural Sciences and I am here to address the students on
effective ways of studying.”

In this introduction, the speaker has formally and respectively greeted his
audience. Therefore, he is free to continue and elaborate on the topic.
There will be different points he will talk about as stated in the question.
He has to elaborate each point successfully and make his audience pay
attention. Addressing people is a skill, therefore it should be done with
much carefulness and caution, lest one causes riots or mumbling amongst
the people.

Conclusion- The end of the speech must be short and more emphatic. In this
case one can assure the students that the methods of study he has talked
about are effective indeed and can work for them, if used appropriately.

Exercises: Write about one of the topics below:

1. At School, there is the SRC campaign for the different positions in the
student’s leadership. You’re interested in the position of the president of
Academic Affairs. In a meeting with the students you’re addressing them
to sell yourself and tell them about your mandate. Write the speech and
convince the students why they should vote for you.
2. The services provided by the Council are poor and they are not serving
the interests of the Community as a whole, but of certain individuals.
You’re the leader of the Opposition Party and you have called a rally to
address the people on the matter, make them aware of what is going on
and what you will do to correct the situation if you’re voted in to power.
3. The Community you’re living in suffers due to lack of water. The taps are
dry and they do not have enough reservoirs in the village. You’re the
Official from Water Utilities Corporation having to talk to the villagers
about the situation and what you will do to help them. Write the speech.

Dialogue

Unlike the speech, the dialogue is a conversation between 2 or more

people. When you’re asked to write a dialogue, you have to be able to put
the words in the mouth of those people and let them address the topic on
the table. The dialogue shows who is speaking and who is responding to
his words. It should Be Logical and Giving Details About The Topic.

 
  

Exercise 1

The teacher discusses the topic with one student in class because he seemed
to be struggling and has not been doing well lately. Write down their
conversation in 250 words.

Exercise 2

Musa’s parents were concerned about his poor performance in school and had
come to see the teacher to hear what could be the problem. Write the dialogue
between the teacher, Musa’s parents (father and Mother) and Musa himself.

 
  

• Critical Questions-Mostly ask why. It requires learners to give reasons and

tests the learner’s analytical skills.
• Own words type of Questions-Learners have to identify penal
words(important) from the question or from the answer as it appears in the
passage, then use synonyms to replace those important words. This type
mostly tests vocabulary.
• Quote type of questions- Learners must copy the answer exactly as it
appears in the passage. For this type, spelling must be correct and the answer
must be in quotation marks.
• Vocabulary questions- A number of words is provided, the learner is asked to
choose few words and give meaning, using one word or a short phrase. For
this type, if the question asks the learner to choose 3 words, it means just that,
do not choose more or less, and adhere to the instructions.

NB: As you read the question, identify the focus of the question, interpret it and
follow instructions for each question. This will help you to arrive at the correct
answer.

 
  

LESSON 7

SUMMARY WRITING

WHAT IS SUMMARY?

Summary is a statement giving only important points. The main purpose of writing
summary is to provide a shortened or condensed form of an original passage or
piece of information. Summary is written one paragraph.

SKILLS TESTED IN SUMMARY WRITING

1. Reading and Comprehension

• Understanding and meaning
• Seeing intention
• Recognising tone
• Distinguishing between fact and opinion
• Identifying essential information (important information to be included)
• Identifying irrelevant information (must be excluded
2. Writing
• Use the correct grammar and punctuation
• Write fluently
• Write a coherent piece of prose
• Be logical
STEPS TO FOLLOW WHEN WRITING SUMMARY

• Read and understand the question before you read the passage
• Underline the guiding words from the question
• DO KLINT
K- Key words in the question (reveals what the summary is all about)
L- Length (How long should your summary be)
I-Information (where to look for relevant points)
N-Narrative form (Is the question in the first or third person form)
T-Tense (Copy the tense exactly as it is given in the opening sentence)
• Write start where you are supposed to begin and stop where you are to stop in
the passage.
• As you read the passage, identify summary points line by line, as they follow
each other
• Time and again, go back to the keywords to check you are not missing
anything that addresses the keywords
• If you are to chop points, do it in a way that you will not leave out important
words
• Look out for talking or communicating words within the passage to guide you

 
  

• Underline and number points as you identify them

• To avoid distortion of information do not use your own words unless you are
confident about your linguistic abilities
• Write a summary in continuous form, using correct linking words, note that
some points may link smoothly without connectors, so use them sparingly
• Avoid writing a summary in point form, this include the perpetual use of
commas to link sentences
• Leave out examples and or phrases used to emphasize a point, you need more
points which addresses keywords
• When you are done writing, count number of words and write total number
beneath your summary
• NB: Do not write more than the required length as anything that comes
beneath the expected number of words will not be considered or marked

THINGS NOT TO DO IN A SUMMARY

• Add the information to the passage

• Identify wrong keywords
• Get information from the wrong place in the passage
• Forget to cross out your rough work
• Hand in your work without checking the following: punctuation, spelling and
grammar because you may lose marks for this
• Write more than the required length
• Forget to use linking words

REVISION QUESTIONS PAPERS

INSTRUCTIONS

Each question paper comprises passage A, B, C and summary writing

Answer all questions in the space provided

Total marks for each question paper is 60 marks

 
  

QUESTION PAPER 1

Passage A

Read the passage A and answer question 1 (a) to (g)

BUYING A CANOPY FOR YOUR BAKKIE

1. In the case of most items that we buy, the brand name is important. This is
especially true of a product such as a bakkie canopy, where a difference in
quality may not always be obvious. A canopy is made of reinforced glass fibre
and this reinforcement, which is often invisible, determines the strength. This
means that an experienced manufacturer is likely to make a stronger canopy
than a beginner is. The canopies recommended by vehicle manufacturers are
usually of good quality, but inevitably are more expensive than those from
aftermarket canopy manufactures

2. The way the canopy is secured to the bakkie is important. If you intend
removing it often, ensure that the fasteners are easy to undo without being
flimsy. If you are likely to keep it in place more or less permanently, the
fasteners should be substantial. A canopy that is removed often should not be
too heavy, but bear in mind that a light canopy will not last as long as a heavy
canopy that becomes a fixture. A quality canopy is usually constructed of three
layers of fibre mat of different thickness, bonded with good quality resin
embedded with wood or steel reinforcing strips. Wood is often preferred as it is
less affected by moisture. Steel will rust in time

3. A cheaper canopy typically has one or two layers of fibre mat bonded with poor
quality resin and often inadequate reinforcing material. The fittings should be
rust proof, but many are of poor quality stainless steel which will eventually rust.
Should there be a gap between canopy and cabin? If you intend carrying
people, which is a bad idea, you may prefer to have no gap, as this will allow
for easy communication. The trouble though, is that in this case the front of the
canopy fits partially over the cab with a rubber seal, this tends to fail in time and
rainwater enters the canopy.

 
  

QUESTIONS

From paragraph 1

1. (a) Quote one word that shows that people always consider the name of a
product when buying.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………….  [1  mark]  

(b) What determines the strength of a canopy?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(c) Suggest a reason why experienced manufacturer are likely to make

stronger canopies than a beginner.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………..………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………..…………………
……………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]

(d) In your own words describe what the author thinks about the canopies that
they recommend.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………..……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]

From paragraph 2

(e) What advice is given to people who intend to remove their canopies more
often?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………….………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………….…………………
………………………………………………………………………………. [2 marks]

(f) What is the advantage of using wood over steel when constructing a
canopy?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………….……………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………..…………. [1 mark]

 
  

From paragraph 3

(g) Suggest a reason why it may be a bad idea to carry people in your canopy.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………….……………….. [1 mark]

Passage B

Read passage B and answer question 2 (a) to (i)

FORGIVE TO SET YOURSELF FREE

1. Tebogo wore long face that morning. You could easily tell that she was
stressed and hurting inside. Her hairstyle was not anything to write home
about. It was clear that it had been a while since she went to the saloon. I
asked her why she looked so morose. She looked at me, and slowly shook her
head and sadly narrated her story to me. She told me how she would never in
her lifetime forgive her ex-boyfriend because of what he did to her. “What he
has done to me is unforgivable, “she explained. What was surprising about
Tebogo’s case was that her ex-boyfriend was late. When I noticed the
bitterness that gripped my friend, I started pondering on the issue of
forgiveness.

2. So, in this issue, I would like us to put in perspective what I conveyed to my

friend Tebogo. One way or the other, we all have experiences. After talking to
Tebogo, I realised that one can choose to cling to that hurt and let it destroy
their day-to-day happiness and poison their future or one can choose to release
the hurt and trust God to make it up to them. Like Tebogo, you may think you
cannot forgive those who have hurt you, whether friends, a spouse or co-
workers. However, you do not have to forgive them for their sake; you forgive
for your own sake. That statement must have made Tebogo ask herself, how is
it possible?

3. As Dr Myles Munroe, the author of a number of motivational books, simply puts

it, the fact of the matter is that when we forgive others, we take away their
power to hurt us. The mistake we make so often is to hold on to hurt. We go
around bitter and angry but all we are doing is allowing those who hurt us
control our lives. The abuser, bully or critic, is not hurt by our anger and
bitterness. We are just poisoning our own lives with it.

4. Like Tebogo, some people are still mad at others who are long dead and gone.
They are still bitter at their parents or a former boss or an ex-spouse who is no
longer living. It is bad enough that someone hurt you once, do not let them

 
  

continue to hurt you by staying angry. When you forgive someone, you set a
prisoner free. That prisoner is not the person who hurt you, the prisoner is you.
Someone may have lied about you, betrayed you, or mistreated you, but what
they did was not enough to keep you from your destiny. You cannot let one
divorce, one betrayal or one bad childhood experience keep you from
awesome future God has in store for you.

Adapted from: Kutlwano, September 2012

Questions

From paragraph 1

2. (a) Quote a phrase of two words that shows that Tebogo was stressed.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………........………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………...…… [2 marks]

(b) What does the phrase “her hairstyle was not anything to write about” mean?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………….…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

(c) What was surprising about Tebogo’s case?

…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………….………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………….………. [1 mark]

(d) Suggest a reason why the author thought deeply about forgiveness.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………….…………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………..………. [1 mark]

From paragraph 3

(e) According to Dr Myles Munroe, why is forgiveness important?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

 
  

From paragraph 4

(f) Explain fully why the author uses the expression “you set a prisoner free.”

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………..……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

From the whole passage

For question (g) to (i), a word from the passage is followed by a list of possible
meanings. In each case choose the word from the list which is closest in
meaning to the word as it is used in the passage. Put a tick in the box
alongside the answer you choose

(g) Morose (paragraph 1) ugly

Tired

Unhappy

Tedious [1 mark]

(h) Gripped (paragraph 1) purchased

Held

Engrossed

Seized [1 mark]

(i) Awesome (paragraph 4) dramatic

Respectful

Beautiful

Calm [1 mark]

[Total 10 marks]

 
  

Passage C

Read the passage C and answer the question that follow it.

STAYING AFLOAT WITH JUST A CANOE

1. Today as Kemoneetse Xhaiywa drives into the village in a green safari pick-up
truck, his face is that of one who is not happy. Yet as he pulls the truck over at
the boat station on the other side of the village, his face suddenly brightens up.
It turns out this is one of the rare days on which Xhaiywa will be picking up
quite a good number of tourists to his business. And when he explains that he
had expected fewer tourists, the mystery in his sudden change of mood is
solved.

2. Little wonder then, that he is a troubled individual, for his business, as he

recounts, has not been doing well lately. “Tourists have been coming in only in
trickles, “he complains, adding “this has not been good for business.” The lofty
tour operator pins the problem on what he calls the mushrooming of well-
established expatriate tourism companies in the area. “And what a huge
competition this is turning out to be, “he laments. Xhaiywa claim simply
corroborates a 1998 study by Ndubano cited in Mbaiwa (2002), which
suggested that 81.5 percent of tourist facilities in the Okavango Delta were
foreign owned. Considering the tour operator’s claims and the passage of time,
this number has increased by now.

3. Apparently irked by this trend, the local people and critics have labelled the
trend a feat of dominance which denies local people control over local
resources. In fact, it is quite common, according to some reports, for the local
people to frequently express the feeling that the delta has been taken away
from them. Tourism, which is an aspect of globalization, is viewed by many
people in the Okavango Delta and elsewhere as problematic and questions
about its benefits and setbacks have been raised. According to Xhaiywa, global
tourism has ushered in the era of exotic, big and fast engine powered boats,
which tourists seem to prefer to the much slower, narrower and unfashionable
mokoro used mostly by local people.

4. However, Xhaiywa, a resident of Seronga village on the northern banks of the

Okavango River where it begins to spread out in to the famous Okavango
Delta, says he and fellow residents are not watching helplessly as global
tourism soars. “In our own small way we are fighting, and it is not as if we are
getting nothing from our efforts, “he says with a comeback-like attitude.
Through the Okavango Polers Trust (OPT), comprising a group of local polers,
they have been able to take the battle to the doorsteps of expatriate

 
  

companies. Their products and services, he says, include a traditional tourist

resort called Mbirora Camp, mokoro trips and traditional dance and song.

5. Established in 1998, Mbirora Camp is a low market traditional lodge, which,

together with its more than 100 employees, including 75 canoes, offers simple
but good value cultural products and services to tourists and travellers at
affordable prices. Most importantly, points out Xhaiywa who is the trust’s
treasurer, the camp is used as a base from where tourists, who are not looking
for luxury trips offered by the rich operated tour companies can embark on a
mokoro voyage in to the delta with an expert poler. He says during such trips
tourists can experience the pure landscapes, animals and vegetation as well as
in one British tourist’s own words, “total peace of the waters and familiar
interruptions by the sound of a hippo, or the cry of the fish eagle, all of which
offer the sound tracks of the delta.

6. Another tourist from New Zealand remarks on the internet about her mokoro
experience; “Silently floating through the lush vegetation with your body barely
above water level, you are surrounded by the sounds, smells and vivid images
of the world’s largest inland delta. Using a pole to gently propel the mokoro
forward, your guide brings it breathtakingly close to large hippos or crocodiles.”
In many estimation, particularly international tourists, the traditional mokoro is
the most authentic way to experience the Okavango Delta. And clearly the
discernible demand for cultural tourism is undoubtedly behind the success of
the Okavango Polers Trust.

7. Without taking anything away from global companies, Xhaiywa says global
tourism lacks authenticity. “There is nothing authentic about the products and
services they offer, everything about them is unnatural and showy, “he taunts.
Speed boats may be faster and trendy, counters Xhaiywa, but mokoros have
admirable advantages. Their slight width enables them to traverse shallow and
narrow water ways and sections overgrown with aquatic vegetation. This gives
the traveller access to places unreachable by motor boats,” he argues.

8. The traditional mokoro is soundless, thus can get tourists closer to animals
without scarring them away as do motor boats, explains Xhaiywa. More
importantly, the traditional canoe does not adversely affect the environment but
motor boats affect water and vegetation through oil and petrol leaks. For this
reason, he says motor boats have been banned in some parts of the delta
because of their negative impact on the ecosystem. “And this is where we
sneak in with our small and unsophisticated mokoro,” scores the obviously
motivated tour service provider.

 
  

9. “He says this is how they have been able to stay afloat in the wide and deep
ocean that is globalisation. In a sense, they have cutthroat global tourism
market making the best use of the crumbs left by the big companies. Another
way to fight competition, says Xhaiywa, has been to temper a little bit with the
authenticity of the mokoro. “We now use modernised wooden mokoro to
comply with the expectations and demands of international tourists,” he says.
Made of fiberglass, the new look mokoro is basically an imitation of the
traditional wooden canoe, only it is better in terms of capacity, safety, durability,
comfort, leak proof and maintainability, explains Xhaiywa.

10. However, authenticity aside, for Xhaiywa, one thing is certain about the new
creations. With qualities from two heterogeneous sources, fiberglass canoes
are better than traditional mokoros, that is, according to feedback from both
local and international tourists, he says. By sticking to cultural tourism the trust
has not only promoted local cultures, but has turned out to be group’s
competitive advantage, “tourists like nature and strange thigs, and mokoros
provide just that,” says the seemingly content cultural tour operator.

11. They did not stop there, says the tour operator. Another dimension regarding
transformation has been in the training of tour guides to gain more global
information and communication skills, to refine their guiding skills, water skills
such as diving, to gain scientific knowledge of plants and animals so as to
adopt a global perspective in their new role.

Adapted from: Kutlwano, September 2012

Questions

From paragraph 1

3. (a) In your own words, explain why Xhaiywa’s face suddenly lightens up when
they reached the other side of the village.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………...……………
……………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

From paragraph 2

(b) Suggest one major problem brought by well-established expatriate tourism

companies.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………..…………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

 
  

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………..…….. [1 mark]

From paragraph 3

(c) Quote one word which shows that local people are concerned about
emerging foreign owned companies.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………..…………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

From paragraph 4

(d) “In our own small way we are fighting.”

What does this tell us about the resident’s standard of living?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………….………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

From paragraph 5

(e) Suggest two benefits of using a mokoro voyage in to the delta.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………..………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………..…………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….… [2 marks]

From paragraph 6

(f) Explain fully the New Zealand tourist feelings after using a mokoro.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….…..[1 mark]

 
  

From paragraph 7

(g) Xhaiywa says global tourism lacks authenticity. What evidence does he
provide to support this statement?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]

From paragraph 8

(h) Motor boats have been banned in some parts of the delta. Explain in your
own words how this benefited local tourism companies.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………..………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………..…………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….… [2 marks]

From paragraph 10

(i) Quote a short phrase that indicate that the trust was successful.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………….…………………………………………………………
……………………………………….………………….……………………. [1 mark]

From the whole passage

(j) Choose any three of the following words. For each of them, give one word or
a short phrase (of not more than seven words) which has the same meaning as
the word has in the passage.

(i) Mystery (line 5)

……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………...

(ii) Lofty (line 9)

……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………...……………..

 
  

(iii) Ushered (line 22)

……………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………..…..

(iv) Embark (line 38)

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

(v) Comply (line 69)

……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………..

(k) Summary

Using traditional mokoro has some advantages, but the mushrooming of well-
established tourism companies brought problems for the locals.

Write a summary on the problems brought by expatriate’s tourism companies

and the advantages of using a traditional mokoro.

Use only material from line 10 to line 68

Your summary must be in continuous writing (not note form) must not be longer
than 150 words including the 10 words given below.

You should begin your summary as follows:

The mushrooming of well-established expatriate tourism companies brought

a....

……………………………………………………………………………………………
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SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 2

Passage A

Read Passage A and answer question 1 (a) to (j).

DAMARA SHEEP EXCEPTIONAL DURING DROUGHT

1. In a country that is hard hit by drought like Botswana, it is pivotal to rear highly
adaptive and drought resistant livestock like Damara sheep. Apart from its
docility, Damara is respected for its hardy nature. And for this reason, it is doing
well in the Ghanzi District, an area that tops the list when it comes to scarcity of
water and lack of good pasture. “Damara is doing exceptionally well in our
district because it is not susceptive to drought,” Sebako Koneno noted as he is
a farmer in the Ghanzi District.

2. When temperatures are at a peak and rain gauge reads zero millimetres in an
area, infant mortality rate tend to hike across animals and productivity
decreases drastically. However, Damara has in many occasions proved to be
queen of the desert, because countless times it gives birth to twins, something
that is rare during drought period. My sheep usually give birth to more than one
sheep per breeding season even though condition are very harsh here and
their young once survive as well.” Koneno said.

3. A time to deliver a young one is an unbearable painful moment that animals

can go through; it drains the animal’s energy leaving it and its young helplessly
weak and vulnerable to predators, but usually farmers strategically monitor
which are due and make sure they are in a conducive and proximity area. They
keep them in the kraal until they deliver. If it happens an animal gives birth
elsewhere, chances are it will show up after several days waiting for its young
one to gain strength to walk home.

4. At times, its young one never makes it to the kraal as the predators would have
killed and ate it. Damara has in this case proven to be an exception. According
to Koneno, a baby Damara gains strength in a short space of time just after
sucking cholesterol, hence they survive predators even when they are born in a
jungle. “Damara always come home with their young ones, it is a strong sheep
that gives birth to strong young ones that record the lowest mortality rate
among the flock.”

Adapted from: Agrinews, February 2016.

 
  

Questions

From paragraph 1

1. (a) Why is it important to rear Damara sheep in Botswana?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………….……………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

(b) What makes Damara an exceptional sheep in Ghanzi District?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………….……………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

(c) Quote a phrase of two words that suggest Damara sheep can withstand
drought.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………….……………………………………………………
……………………………………….………………………………………. [1 mark]

From paragraph 2

(d) Suggest a reason why Damara sheep are called queens of the desert.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………….………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

(e) Why do you think it’s rare for animals to give birth to twins during drought
period?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………….………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

From paragraph 3

(f) What are some of the difficulties that animals go through when giving birth to
young ones?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………..…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………..………………………

 
  

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………..….. [2 marks]

g) What measures do farmers put in place to assist animals that are due?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………….…………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………….………. [2 marks]

From paragraph 4

(h) How is baby Damara different from other young ones?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………….……………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

[Total: 10 marks]

Passage B

Read passage B and answer question 2 (a) to (i).

THE DESERT RACE SPECTACLE

1. The winter breeze was stinging at the crack of dawn. This never deterred
thousands of motorsport fanatics to travel to the mining town of Jwaneng and
experience the prestigious car event locally, the annual Toyota Desert Race
popularly known as Mantshwabisi. The Kutlwano reporter joined the festivities
that drew multitudes of curious spectators to spectator points that covered the
entire 250 kilometres tough terrain that was used for the two laps over the two
days marking a gruelling 1000km race.

2. The villagers of Sese, Tshono, Lubutse, Lefhoko, Maokane, Mokhomma and

Tsonyane amongst others provided perfect view points for spectators. It was
almost a fairy tale ending, after two physically taxing days Dakar Rally finalist
Giniel De Villiers of Toyota Gazoo Racing team and his co-driver Dennis
Murphy were crowned winners, for the second year running, closely followed by
the Horn brothers Johan and Werner in their Malalane Toyota Hilux.

 
  

3. Over the years Toyota has performed extremely well in Botswana. In early days
of cross country racing it was Land Cruiser bakkies that set the pace with a
number of consecutive victories since the race moved to Botswana in 1991. In
more recent years the former crowd favourite, Duncan Vos stamped his
authority with four wins while 2016 runner up Taylor boasts three wins so far.
Toyota were last beaten in the iconic race in 2011 when Chris Visser and co-
driver Japie Badenhorst won a dramatic race for Ford.

4. Red-Lined Motorsport’s Terence Marsh on a fire breathing Nissan Navara

partnered for the race with experienced co-driver Riaan Greyling and came
away from the gruelling race not only as the second placed crew in top drawer
Class FIA but also as the winner of the 2018 Road to Dakar. The initial lead in
the Road to Dakar went to their teammates Shameer Variawa and co-driver
Zaheer Bodhanya. The highly experienced pairing took their brand new Nissan
Navara out on its new maiden race and quickly set a blistering pace. Variawa, a
former South African national champion has won the desert race three times on
the trot on sand master.

5. Plenty of expectation was on offer from the crew, despite tackling their first local
race in a four-wheel drive vehicle. But disaster struck when their four day old
Nissan Navara caught fire 6 kilometers from the first racing loop on Saturday.
The crew managed to stop the car and escape from the burning cockpit only to
watch their new car go up in flames together with their hopes and dreams of
winning the Road to Dakar for 2018. A victory for De Villers and Murphy at this
year’s race ensured that Toyota continued their dominance in this iconic event
with a seventh win while the duo also claimed their hat-trick of wins this season.
Another bonus was a position 1-2-3 for Toyota in the Production Vehicle
Category.

Adapted from: Kutlwano Magazine, August- September, 2017

Questions

From paragraph 1

2. (a) Quote a phrase of four words that shows us that the weather was not
favourable?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

 
  

(b) What does the word “deterred” mean?’

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(c) Suggest a reason why the author used the word ‘gruelling’ to describe the
race.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

From paragraph 2

(d) Explain the phrase “almost a fairy tale ending.”

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

From paragraph 3

(e) In your own words, give evidence to show that Toyota had dominated the
race since it moved to Botswana.

…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………..……………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]

From paragraph 4

(f) What made the spectators to expect a lot from Shameer Variawa and his
co-driver?

…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………..…………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

From the whole passage

For question (g) to (i) a word from the passage is followed by a list of possible
meanings. In each case choose the word from the list which is closest in

 
  

meaning to the word as it is used in the passage. Put a tick in the box
alongside the answer you choose.

(g) prestigious (paragraph 1) dependable

Famous

Reliable

Regarded [1 mark}

(h) stamped (paragraph 3) Crushed

Impressed

Suppressed

Marked [1 mark}

(i) ensured (paragraph 5) Guaranteed

Made

Qualified

Secured [1 mark}

[Total: 10 marks]

Passage C

Read passage C and answer questions that follow it.

SEEING THROUGH THABO KEORAPETSE’S LENS

1. It is said that each one of us is born to serve a purpose at one point the
revelation of what is it we are purported to do, becomes clear as day. Thabo
Keorapetse, a 24-year-old young man from Sebina full of determination driven
by hard work, passion and persistence is breathing and living his dream. His
purpose is to capture moments, lock in emotions and express the greater
meaning to all through a click, shutter and flush. The young man narrates that
from a young age, growing up in Francistown, he was intrigued by the
avalanche of people from all walks of life and was curious to know and tell their
stories. Being a well performing student throughout his lower and higher
school, by the time his BGCSE results came out, his parents had thought he

 
  

would choose to pursue business and science related subjects. To their

surprise, Keorapetse choose to pursue Film and television at Limkokwing
University.

2. “Studying photography was a choice I made against the advice of my parents. I

was supposed to go study civil engineering but I chose what I love and knew I
had passion for” he says. The journey to attaining what he has today was not
an easy one. Thabo narrates that from his P1 420 allowance, he had to part
with P1 000, save it and use the remaining P420 for toiletries. On top of that, he
says that he had to work two-part time jobs in order to make extra money to aid
in saving for his photography equipment. “There were days that I would have to
eat plain white rice, not because I was on some diet, but because I had nothing
to eat. It was choosing between eating a complete meal and saving for my
equipment.” he says.

3. His persistence will and sacrifices would later yield as he got to purchase the
equipment that lead to the birth of “Creative Soul”. Having started as a random
scribble on a paper, Creative Soul productions would see the light of day and
operations would be in order. “While cleaning my room and sorting out papers,
I came across a page that changed everything, that page reminded me of my
dream, it motivated me and fuelled my hunger to chase after my dream. It was
a paper I had mapped a company and operations, I named that company
Creative Soul.”

4. Keorapetse further states that having a friend like Kabo Olesitse made the hard
entrepreneurship journey bearable. “Kabo believed in me and advised me on
what to do as entrepreneur. He would tell me when I am in the wrong and
briefed me on the hurdles to expect in business, for that I am forever grateful,
“he says. Through his journey as a photographer, Keorapetse would prove to
be an epitome of his company name. His photographs would grab the attention
of a lot of people and would trend on social media. His brilliance and flair for
black and white singled him out from a lot of photographers and later lead him
to winning Best Photography at the annual President’s Day competitions three
times in a row.

5. He states that his unique style is from the fact that he is fascinated with telling
stories of people with mental illnesses, the poor and the old and wise. He says
that people often overlook these people and he wanted to shed some light and
change people’s perspectives of the society we live in. “Being on stage and
receiving an award from the then president was a surreal moment for me but
seeing my parents smile and cheer was the best thing, it was then that I knew
that I was on the right path,” he states.

 
  

6. As an entrepreneur, being in partnerships and having a mentor is vital for

survival, as such, he is grateful for having Newman Ramatokwane of Native
Events as both a mentor and partner. He states that Ramatokwane took him
under his wings and showed him the ropes, which led to his photography being
turned into entrepreneurship. As with every entrepreneur, he has had his fair
share of hurdles. In 2017, he made a loss of P35 000 through online
purchasing.

7. “I had made an online purchase worth P35 000 and the container came empty.
I had to deal with it and accept that my money was gone.” he says. Another
challenge, he was faced with, is unavailability of top of the range photography
and film equipment locally as he is forced to buy from abroad. He says it is
expensive to purchase equipment abroad as it requires physically going there.
Also, he says many Batswana have not warmed up to people who have chosen
careers in arts field. “Some people will pull you down. You will even have some
asking you why you choose photography for a job since according to them, it is
not a real job,” he says.

8. Having the same pool of clients, he says is another challenge as one does not
get to see if the company is growing or not. As for the future, he aims to be a
media mogul and become a leader and have his production company where he
will employ more people as now he only has two employees. The future does
look bright for this young man and surely his determination and drive will yield
the results he seeks.

Adapted from Kutlwano Magazine, August-September 2017

Questions

From paragraph 1

3. (a) Quote a phrase of five words which shows that Thabo is content with his job
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………….……………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

(b) Suggest one word which means the same as “a click, shutter and flash.”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………….……………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………..…………. [1 mark]

 
  

From paragraph 3

(c) In your own words, explain fully what made Thabo succeed in achieving his
goal.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]
(d) What does the expression “see the light of day” mean?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………..……………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………...…….……….. [1 mark]

From paragraph 4

(e) What role did Kabo play in Keorapetse’s journey?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………..………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

From paragraph 5

(f) Suggest two qualities that made Keorapetse an exceptional photographer.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………….…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………..…………. [2 marks]
(g) Keorapetse knew that he was on the right path the moment he saw his parents
smiling and cheering. Suggest a reason why he felt that way.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………….…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………….…………………. [1 mark]

From paragraph 7

(h) According to Keorapetse, how does Batswana react towards people who
choose careers in the arts field?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………..……………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………….……….. [1 mark]

(i) Explain fully what the author meant by “took him under his wings and showed
him his ropes.”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….……[1 mark]

 
  

From the whole passage

(j) Choose any three of the following words. For each of them, give one word or a
short phrase (of not more than seven words) which has the same meaning
as the word has in the passage.

(i) Determination (line 3)

……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Intrigued (line 6)

……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….

(iii) Mapped (line 26)

……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….

(iv) Bearable (line 29)

……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….

(v) Epitome (line 32)

……………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….

(k) Instead of civil engineering, Thabo Keorapetse chose to study Film and
Television, but the journey to achieve what he has today was not an easy one.
Write a summary outlining the difficulties he faced and how he overcame these
challenges.

Use only the material from line 14 to the end.

Your summary which must be in continuous writing (not note form) must not be
longer than 150 words including 10 words given below.

You should begin your summary as follows:

The journey to attaining what he has today was not [Total: 40 marks]

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_______________________________________________________________

 
  

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_______________________________________________________________

 
  

QUESTION PAPER 3
 

Passage A

Read Passage A and answer question 1(a) to (i)

NO FANCY LIFESTYLE FOR AMOS

1. From the bright lights of London to the dusty rural village of Marobela, London
2012, 800m silver medalist, Nigel Amos, remains an unchanged man. Infact as
the interview drags on he occasionally interrupts the conversation to chat with
his friends back from his home village, a confirmation that since joining the elite
world of sport instant fame has not gone to his head. “Nothing has changed
about me, I still do the same things that I used to do before winning the silver
medal. I relax at home and chat with my friends” he says. Before he ascended
the world stage to receive his silver, Amos played social soccer for his home
club, Makula. However, he is now contemplating quitting to focus on the track.
“I have to avoid injuries and anything that may distract me from my endeavor to
stay relevant and continue winning and I have decided that I will no longer play
soccer, “he explains.

2. As he basks in the breezes of fortune that earned him over P700 000, Amos
already knows where to invest the money. His dreams are far from those of his
peers. His talk is not that of fancy cars or clothes. Instead, he is passionate
about investing in cattle farming. With close to P1 million in his pocket, Amos
has no intention of ditching his rural background to relocate to a more
urbanized area. Conversely, his intention is to stay at the cattle post looking
after his cattle. “I am going to buy cattle and drill a borehole at the cattle post
with the money that I have. Throughout my childhood, I have always stayed at
the cattle post and that’s where my heart is,” he quips.

3. While he is still immersed in the pleasure of winning silver medal as a

newcomer, he is, however, also aware of the challenges ahead. One of them is
to beat Kenyan athlete, David Rudisha, for him to be counted amongst the
world greatest. In all fairness, this is an uphill battle.” Rudisha is my role model.
We talked before the final race and he told me how he was going to run the
race. But toppling him is not going to be easy. He is a lead runner and I am a
back runner, I have to learn to be a lead runner for me to beat him, but that will
not be easy, “he admits. Ironically, while the rest of the nation raptured in the
razzmatazz of the youngest silver, Amos himself was celebrating the time he
took to run the race. “I was happy about the time and not the medal. I have won
several medals before this event and the time I took to run the race is a sign
that I am improving. That made me happy because it is a sign that I have the
potential to win gold,” he reckons. Now with the Olympics over, his next focus is

 
  

the Southern African Junior champions where he hopes to bag another medal
as well.

Adapted from: Kutlwano Magazine, September 2012.

Questions

From paragraph 1

1 (a) Quote a phrase of four words that tells us that being famous has not gone
into Nigel’s head.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(b) What does the word “ascended” mean?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………..……………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]
(c) Apart from athletics, which other sport does Nigel play?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………..……………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

From paragraph 2

(d) Explain fully what the phrase ‘As he basks in the breezes of fortune’ mean.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(e) How is Nigel’s dreams different from those of his peers?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………..………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………….………………….. [1 mark]

(f) What inspires Nigel to buy cattle and stay at the cattle post?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………….………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

From paragraph 3

(g) Suggest a reason why Nigel describes beating the Kenyan athlete Rudisha as
an uphill battle.

 
  

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………...................................................... [1 mark]
(h) Why did Nigel celebrate the time he took not the medal?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………..…………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]
(i) In your own words, explain what he means by ‘hopes to bag another medal.’
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………..…… [2 marks]

[Total:10 marks]

Passage B

Read passage B and answer questions that follow it.

KHAWA DUNE CHALLENGE, A BEEHIVE OF ROAD SAFETY ACTIVITIES

1. Since the commencement of the Khawa Dune Challenge and Cultural Festival,
Motor Vehicle Accident Fund has been joining the multitudes flocking to the
small village of Khawa for this annual tourism event. One of its kind in
Botswana, the event feature a variety of fun activities such as motor bike
challenges, quad and motor bike fun rides, sky dive demonstrations, camel
races, camel rides, cultural performances and exhibitions from different entities
and individuals. As many are gathering in the quite village of Khawa to have
fun, the fund uses this as an opportunity to interact with its valuable customers
gracing the event.

2. During the Khawa Dune weekend, Khawa a small remote area known for its
hostile and bumpy gravel road becomes alive as the Fund unleash road safety
activities to attendees. At MVA Fund preventing road crashes is our top priority,
therefore it is for this reason that we find it necessary to traverse long distances
to this small village to sell our products and services and impart road safety
education to all the people attending this memorable event.

3. On yearly basis the fund prepares a road safety package specially formulated
to meet the needs of the people attending the forever exciting Khawa Dune
Challenge. The Fund deployed the Children’s Mobile Traffic School crew

 
  

members to interact with the kids and delight them with road safety education.
The magic school was there to catch them young as usual, to teach the
youngsters about decent road safety attitude and culture so that they can grow
as responsible adults in future. The school on wheels as it is fondly known by
many, provided a unique and fun way for children to learn about road rules by
getting into quad bikes on make believe roads with robots to give them the feel
of what happens on the roads. The crew guided the children along the roads
and share with them on what to do at what road signs.

4. To capitalize on this once-off opportunity, the Fund also provided an education

stall to educate the multitudes about its product and services and also share
with them valuable information on how they can benefit from the Fund.

Adapted from: MVA Fund Today Magazine,

Questions

From paragraph 1

2 (a) Quote a phrase of four word that shows Khawa Dune Challenge is a special
event in Botswana.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

(b) In your own words, explain how the Fund use the festival to their
advantage.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………….……………………………… [2 marks]

From paragraph 2

(c) How does the Khawa Dune weekend benefit the little village of Khawa?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………..…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………….………………….. [1 mark]

From paragraph 3

(d) Which phrase suggest that the event is never a dull moment?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………….…………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….…. [1 mark]

 
  

(e) Suggest two reasons that makes The School on Wheels unique and fun
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………….…… [2 marks]

From the whole passage

For question (f) to (g), a word from the passage is followed by a list of possible
meanings. In each case choose the word from the list which is closest in
meaning to the word as it is used in the passage. Put a tick in the box
alongside the answer you choose.

(f) Commencement (paragraph 1) embark

Originate
Beginning
Initiative

(g) Unleash (paragraph 2) Dismiss

Acquit
Free
Deliver

(h) Decent (paragraph 3) Modest

Acceptable
Sensitive
Honourable

[Total: 10 marks]

Passage C

Read passage C and answer questions that follow it.

RACE FOR RHINOS- WHERE CONSERVATION MEETS AVIATION

1. Nothing in the world compares to this two-day air racing extravaganza in the
midst of the Makgadikgadi Pans, a Ramsar site which is a wetland designated
of international importance under the Ramsar Convention and a fragile

 
  

ecosystem famed for producing Soda Ash, salt and for pelicans and flamingos.
The Makgadikgadi Pans, a vast landscape which used to be part of the ancient
inland sea, Lake Makgadikgadi represents one of the largest salt pans in the
world covering an area of over 30 000km2.

2. As part of conserving the ecosystem and preventing environmental damage, a

management plan was put in place by stakeholders Botash mine and Botswana
Tourism Organization to minimize the negative impact of the aviation race on
the fragile environment. The race which this year broke aviation records by
becoming, unofficially the biggest air race in the whole world is a must see for
aviation junkies who thrive on adrenaline driven sports. The previous gathering
of small aircraft in one place to race stood at 100 planes before the 2018
edition. However, this year Race for Rhinos recorded 116 aircraft from both the
Southern African region and internationally.

3. Nothing in the whole world can compare to this in terms of location where a
mini airport is temporarily hosted in the middle of nowhere and a number of
participants who compete in the race is concerned. The format for the race was
not complicated, planes departed from the make-shift airport within 30 seconds
intervals on a Friday and returned to base in the afternoon. On the second day
on Saturday, the slowest aircraft departed first while those who recorded faster
times departed last. To make the race unique, pilots use manual navigation
throughout the race instead of the now common Global Positioning System
(GPS) which is a satellite-based radio navigation system that provides geo-
location and time information to a GPS receiver anywhere on or near earth.

4. This called for good map reading skills from crews and in the process some
veered off the routes resulting in some of them returning late to base. The race
combines two great things: aviation and conservation in that funds raised
during the air race go towards the conservation of rhinos which Botswana is
famed for. Rhinos are facing extinctions all over the world and Botswana has
committed to protecting both the black and white rhinos and to allow them to
live freely in the wild. The two-day air race draws multitudes of spectators from
Botswana and beyond who come to savour its aerial displays and have fun in
the dusty Sua Pan, a part of the world famous Lake Makgadikgadi. In addition
to racing aircraft, vintage planes are also a permanent feature of this event
which was traditionally hosted at Lekhubu Island, a national monument of
repute until flooding in that area forced organizers to change locations.

5. The event is not all about competing. It also includes in-air performances which
include aircraft acrobatics. While in the air small aircraft perform death-defying
stunts, on the ground spectators are treated to a scintillating spectacle of mid-
air artistic formations that leave them asking for more. The eye-catching
performances in the sky are punctuated by low flying aircraft which come up

 
  

close to the water that fills the massive pan. For the past four years, pilots took
to the same skies in Botswana’s newest tourism frontier, the Makgadikgadi
Pans on some of the pretty cool planes featuring both solo and team stunts
shows.

6. The race is a mid-season event in the Botswana Tourism Organization

calendar of events and comes after the Matsieng Air Show, the Toyota 1000
Desert Race and barely two weeks before the Makgadikgadi Epic which is
dominated by sky divers and other aerial performances at the same venue. As
the largest annual gathering of aviation enthusiasts in the country, Race for
Rhinos represents a little bit of everything for different people, including home-
built aircraft, ultra-lights and vintage planes. It also represents hope for the
Ministry for Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism as they
see their efforts at protecting endangered species gathering pace and yielding
the much needed awareness.

7. For BTO, the Race for Rhinos is a testament that tourism in Botswana is not
about the Big Five and the Okavango Delta. Indeed, it demonstrates their
efforts at diversification of the tourism products on offer in the country to include
event based tourism. For a long time, the country has focused on the low
volume-high cost model of tourism in the pristine biodiversity heartland of the
Okavango Delta. BTO has been charged with leading efforts at diversifying the
country’s tourism products to open up new frontiers to ease the pressure on
principal tourism sites and reduce demand on wildlife tourism as a way of
encouraging sustainable tourism activities.

8. These include aviation and event based tourism such as sky diving, airshows
and cultural festivals. A recent addition to the list of new tourism frontiers is
dam tourism which was launched early this year at Shashe dam to promote
water sports as an alternative product in all the major dams around the country.
This strategy is part of the sustainable tourism efforts and an effort to spread
tourism to areas which are far from the most visited and crowded. This strategy
has also been touted by the tourism minister, Mr Tshekedi Khama as a way to
encourage and grow the domestic tourism products and allow Batswana to be
active participants in this area. The strategy is also targeting domestic tourists
as a potential market for growth.

9. As part of the air race, government took a deliberate decision to empower

locals by availing space for local communities, especially the youth and poverty
eradication beneficiaries to benefit from the economic windfall that such an
event normally brings.

10. As BTO marketing manager for products and events, Mr Thabang Segaetsho
maintained, the event is intended to impact local communities in a positive way

 
  

as most services are produced from local companies. The Race for Rhinos has
also grown in stature over the years and international media has taken note
and content from the race is shown on Super sport channels. This year was
also special in American media giant CNN also covered the event which would
give it an international boost which might lead to more tourists and more
funding for rhino conservation.

11. The role played by Botash in promoting tourism cannot be underestimated as

articulated by Acting Managing Director, Mr Kangangwani Phatshwane who
posited that despite concerns that mining in the fragile ecosystem would impact
negatively on the environment, the opposite has happened. The mine’s
development, he noted was planned in such a way that distribution cables were
installed underground including under water to protect the bird species.
Chemical plants, he quipped, were not known to co-exist with birds. However,
he highlighted that contrary to those perceptions, the population of flamingoes
has increased due to minimal disruption of the ecosystem.

12. Race for Rhinos, he asserted, is part of the government broader strategy to
expand activities away from the main tourism route and incorporate bird
tourism to cater for bird lovers. The mine’s construction of a game park, he
noted, was their small contribution in the promotion of alternative tourism and
product diversification. The park received its first rhinos during the 2017 edition
of the Race for Rhinos and Mr Phatshwane believes this is evidence of their
attempts to promote tourism activities in the Makgadikgadi Pans and
surrounding communities.

13. Currently, he added that the area has the largest population of the wildebeest
than in 1984 and observed that there is little poaching in the area due to the
values they have instilled and the involvement of local communities.
Consequently, the acting managing director observed that Race for Rhinos
does not cause massive damage to the environment and the use of temporary
structures means that after the event, animals come back to their natural
habitat.

14. For spectators, the aviation race not only afforded them the opportunity to be
part of an exciting experience which included enjoying the aerial show but it
allowed them to sample food, learn about aviation, have fun and relationship
building. Race for Rhinos organizers, BTO and its stakeholders, also went out
of their way to designate exclusive viewing areas for attendees which offered
them the very best air race experience. Former President, Lt Gen.Seretse
Khama Ian Khama, an avid conservationists also attended the event and was
also involved in flagging the aircraft as the race started.

Adapted from: Kutlwano Magazine, August-September 2018

 
  

Questions

From paragraph 1

3 (a) “Nothing in this world compares to this two day extravaganza.”

What does this statement tell us about the event?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………….………………………………………………………
………………..……………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

From paragraph 2

(b) Why does the author describe the race as “unofficially” the biggest air race in
the world?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………….……………………………… [1 mark]

From paragraph 4

(c) Suggest a reason why crew members needed to have good map reading skills.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

From paragraph 5

(d) What does the phrase “death defying stunts” mean?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

 
  

From paragraph 6

(e) In your own words, explain how the Race for Rhinos brings hope for the
Ministry for Environment and Tourism.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

From paragraph 7

(f) In your own words, explain why BTO was asked to lead in diversifying the
country’s tourism.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

From paragraph 9

(g) What effort did the government put in place to empower locals?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………….………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

From paragraph 10

(h) What shows us that indeed the show has grown in stature?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………..…………… [1 mark]

From paragraph 11

(i) Describe the role played by Botash in protecting the environment.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

 
  

From paragraph 14

(j) Quote a phrase of five words to show that the organizers out did themselves in
preparing for the event.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………..…………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

From the whole passage:

(k) Choose any three of the following words. For each of them, give one word or a
short phrase (of not more than seven words) which has the same meaning
as the word has in the passage.

(i) Midst (line 2)

……………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Fragile (line 3)

……………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) Make-shift (line 12)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) Barely (line 41)
………………………………………………………………………………......
(v) Launched (line
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………… [3 marks]

(l) Summary

Race for Rhino brings an exciting experience and draws multitudes of

spectators from Botswana and beyond. Write a summary describing the
activities that makes the event to be so exciting and the benefits it brings to
Botswana.

Use only the material from line 17 to the end.

Your summary which must be in continuous writing (not note form) must not be
longer than 150 words including the 10 words given below.

You should begin your summary as follows:

Nothing in the whole world can compare to this in………………………….…….

 
  

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…………………………………………………………………………..………………
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[Total: 40 marks]

 
  

MARK SCHEME

Question Paper 1

Passage A

1 (a) “brand”

(b) Reinforced glass fiber

(c) Because he has the technical know-how/he knows which reinforcement

glass to use

(d) They are durable/last longer but cannot deny the fact that they are costly
(penal word- good quality, more expensive)

(e) must ensure the fasteners are easy to undo without being flimsy

(f) Wood is less affected by moisture, it will not rust

(g) canopy does not have safety measures to protect people during accidents

Passage B

2 (a) “long face”

(b) her hair looked miserable

(c) her ex-boyfriend was dead/passed on

(d) When he noticed the bitterness that gripped Tebogo

(e) Forgiveness takes away the power of those who want to hurt us

(f) It means setting yourself free

(g) unhappy

(h) seized

(i) beautiful

Passage C

3 (a) one of the few days he will be transporting a good number of tourists (panel
words- rare, picking up)

 
  

(b) They compete with local companies

(c) “irked”

(d) They are poor/ their living standard is low

(e) – one can experience the pure landscape, animals and vegetation

- there is total peace of the waters

(f) happy/impressed/over the moon/satisfied

(g) – he says everything about them is unnatural and showy

- it gives traveler access to place unreachable by motor boats

(h) this is the time they come in with their low standard mokoro (penal words-
sneak, unsophisticated)

(I) “ group’s competitive advantage”

(j) (i) mystery- secret/strange/unexplained

(ii) lofty- ambitious/principled

(iii) Ushered- brought

(iv) Embark - board/go aboard/ set out/depart

(v) Comply- ad here/ agree/conform

Summary Points

1. Huge competition
2. 81.5 per cent of tourists facilities in the Okavango Delta were foreign owned
3. Denies local people control over local resources
4. Locals feel that the delta has been taken away from them
5. Global tourism has ushered in the era of exotic, big and fast engine boats
6. Tourists seem to prefer the much slower, narrower and unfashionable mokoro
7. Locals established Mbirora Camp, where tourists who are not looking for luxury
trips offered by the rich operated tour companies can embark on a Mokoro
8. During such trips, tourists can experience the pure landscape, animals and
vegetation
9. While on the tour, one is surrounded by the sounds, smell and vivid images of
the world’s largest inland delta
10. The traditional mokoro is the most authentic way to experience the Okavango
Delta
11. Everything about global tourism is unnatural and showy

 
  

12. Mokoro enables one to traverse shallow and narrow water ways and sections
overgrown with aquatic vegetation
13. It gives the traveler access to places unreachable by motorboats
14. Traditional mokoro is soundless
15. Traditional canoe does not adversely affect the environment but motor boats
affect water and vegetation through oil and petrol leaks
16. Tourists like nature and strange things and mokoro provides just that.

Question Paper 2

Passage A

1 (a) because Botswana is hard hit by drought and Damara sheep is highly
adaptive and drought resistant

(b) it is not susceptive to drought

(c) “drought resistant”

(d) because in many occasions it gave birth to twins, something which is not
common during winter

(e) because conditions are harsh

(f) – it drains the animals energy leaving it and its young helplessly weak

-­‐ Vulnerable to predators

(g) baby Damara gains strength in a short space of time after sucking
cholesterol

Passage B

2 (a) “the winter breeze was stinging”

(b) deterred- discouraged/hinder/prevent/stopped

(c) because the race is exhausting, demanding, strenuous, tough

(d) dream/unexpected

(e) with a number of continuous success since the race moved to Botswana
(penal words- consecutive, victories)

 
  

(f) they were highly experienced

(g) prestigious-famous

(h) stamped- marked

(I) ensured- guaranteed

Passage c

3 (a) “ breathing and living his dream”

(b) camera

(c ) his constant will and surrender would later yield ( penal words- persistence,
sacrifices)

(d) start operating/bear fruits

(e) he motivated and encouraged Keorapetse

(f) – told stories of people with mental illness, the poor, the old and the wise

(g) because he chose to be a photographer against the advice from his parents

(h) They are not supportive people who chose photography/ they feel
photography is not a real job

(i) he mentored him and showed him what he is capable of

(j) (i) determination- dedication/commitment/will power

(ii) intrigued- inspired/motivated

(iii) mapped- planned/drawn/arranged

(iv) bearable- endurable/acceptable

(v) epitome- embodiment/representation

Summary Points

1. From his allowance, he had to part with P1000, save it and use the remaining
P420 for toiletries
2. Had to work two-part time jobs in order to make extra money
3. There were days that he would have to eat plain rice because he had nothing
to eat
4. Later, he got to purchase the equipment that lead to the birth of Creative Soul

 
  

5. He had a friend, Kabo Olesitse who made the journey bearable

6. His photographs grabbed the attention of a lot of people and would trend on
social media
7. His brilliance and flair for black and white singled him out
8. He has a unique style, he is fascinated with telling stories of people with mental
illness, the poor and the old and the wise
9. He was in partnerships, had a mentor, Newman Ramatokwane
10. He made a loss of P35 000 through on line purchase
11. Unavailability of top of the range photography and film equipment locally
12. Expensive to purchase equipment abroad as it requires physically going there
13. Many Batswana have not warmed up to people who have chosen careers in
arts field
14. They have the same pool of clients; one does not get to see if the company is
growing or not.

Question Paper 3

Passage A

1 (a) “remains an unchanged man”

(b) to go up/climb up

(c) social soccer

(d) relaxes smelling his wealth (penal words-basks, fortune)

(e) he is passionate about investing in cattle as compared to his peers who are
into fancy cars or clothes

(f) throughout his childhood, he had always stayed at the cattle post

(g) Rhudisha is an experienced runner

(h) the time he took indicates that he is improving

(i) he expects to win another medal (penal words- hopes, bag)

Passage B

2 (a) “one of its kind”

(b) the fund uses this as a chance to meet with valuable customers attending
the event.(penal words- opportunity, gracing)

 
  

(c) The village becomes alive and are educated on the product and services
offered by MVM

(d) “the forever exciting”

(e) –children get in to quad bikes on make believe roads with robots

-­‐ The crew guide children along and share with them on what to do at
what road signs
(f) beginning

(g) deliver

(h) acceptable

Passage C

3 (a) it’s an event not to be missed/you can never regret attending this event

(b) it is not recorded in the worlds book of records

(c) to avoid collision/know which route to take

(d) they performed dangerous activities that may cause death but were able to
stand up to them

(e) see their efforts at protecting endangered species coming together and
producing the much needed awareness (penal words-gathering, yielding)

(f) to come up with new avenues to ease the pressure on principal tourism site
and lower the need on wildlife tourism (penal phrases –open up new frontiers,
reduce demand)

(g) availed space for local communities

(h) it is shown/ recognised by the international media

(i) distribution of cables were installed underground including underwater to

protect the bird species

(j) “went out of their way”

(k) (i) midst- middle/centre

(ii) fragile-easily damaged

(iii) make-shift- temporary

(iv) barely-hardly/only just

 
  

(v) launched-started/set up/began

Summary Points

1. Of location
2. A mini airport is temporarily hosted in the middle of nowhere
3. Number of participants who compete is concerned
4. Planes depart from make-shift airport with 30 seconds intervals on a Friday
returning to base in the afternoon
5. On Saturday, the slowest aircraft depart first
6. Those who recorded faster times depart last
7. Pilot use manual navigation throughout the race
8. Funds raised during the air race go towards conservation for rhinos
9. Vintage planes are also a permanent feature of this event
10. Event include aircraft acrobatics
11. While in the air, small aircraft perform death defying stunts
12. On the ground, spectators are treated to a scintillating spectacle of mid-air
artistic formation
13. Performances in the sky are punctuated by low flying aircraft which come close
to the water that fills the massive pan
14. Ministry for Environment, Natural Resources Conservation and Tourism see
their efforts at protecting endangered species gather pace and yield the much
needed awareness
15. Helps in diversification of the tourism products on offer
16. Allows Batswana to be active participants in the area
17. Target domestic tourists as a potential market for growth
18. Most services are procured from local companies
19. Shown in international media, this might lead to more tourists and more funding
for rhino conservation
20. It incorporates bird tourism to cater for bird lovers
21. There is little poaching in the area due to the values instilled and the
involvement of local communities
22. Spectators sample food, learn about aviation, have fun and relationship
building
23. Former President, Lt Gen Seretse Khama Ian Khama, attended the event and
was also involved in flagging the aircraft as the race start

 
  

SAMPLE QUESTION

The passage describes how the writer, Mark, achieves his ambition of buying
an elephant and setting out on a journey with her, along with his companions,
Aditya and Salim.

1. “Am I right in assuming that you want to buy an elephant?” A voice from India
shouted down the telephone to me in Hong Kong. It was Aditya. Even through
the hiss and crackle of the telephone, I could detect the disbelief in his voice
about my strange wish. “Yes, that’s right, “I replied. “You must be mad, “he
said.” But I’ll see what I can do. Within a few days I was in India at Aditya’s
house. There, waiting for me, was an acquaintance of his, Salim, who had a
deep knowledge of wildlife and more importantly, was an expert on elephants.
“Orissa, the old kingdom of Kalinga,” Salim said, studying the map, “is where
you should go to buy an elephant, and to begin your journey. For centuries the
rulers there reckoned part of their wealth in elephants.”

2. So next morning we set off. By coincidence the director of the zoo in Orissa
was on our flight. But he gave us depressing news. He knew of no elephants
for sale in Orissa. When we touched down, my gloomy mood deepened. It was
the monsoon time and an oppressive heat hung in the air. We checked into our
hotel and followed the porter to our rooms. Before we could get inside, the
porter suddenly asked if we wanted to buy an elephant. I did not ask him how
on earth he knew that. Aditya whispered to me ‘Don’t forget the zoo director is
staying here too. News travels fast in hotels.” Sure enough, the porter informed
us there was a village nearby where elephants for sale could be found. We
made our way there as quickly as possible.

3. There, in the fading light, were three elephants. One caught my eye
immediately, a female, looking so good-natured that I was sure she was the
one for me. The other two elephants were males and, Salim warned, looked
dangerous. Take the female one, he advised me, it would be impossible to find
better. After some bargaining, I proudly possessed my very own elephant, to
me the queen of elephants. And that would be her name: Queen. My dream of
travelling to India on an elephant was about to come true. We then planned our
route,our destination was a town some sixty day journey away-and assembled
the equipment we would need, not forgetting the ‘bombs’. These are objects
the size of golf balls which, when thrown on the ground, explode like some

 
  

powerful firework and are used to scare off threatening animals. With the
equipment slung over Queen’s back, we began our travels.

4. As we were reaching the outskirts of the village, I saw a bus approaching us.
Queen swerved abruptly, causing the collapse of a tea stall. We came to a halt
amongst a cascading river of cups and teapots. Glaring at us, his face a
mottled purple, was the enraged owner. ‘Er… I’m frightfully sorry, sir, I gasped.
You…’‘You! You!’ the man shouted furiously. ‘Everything is gone, I’m ruined,
and I’ll take you to court.’

5. ‘Now, sir, ‘Aditya said. ‘There’s no need for that. I am sure we can come to
some financial agreement. ‘After the man had cooled down, we assessed the
damage and compensation was paid. We could not get out of that village
quickly enough; the drain on my nerves and on my pocket had been
considerable. Besides, Queen unashamedly kept helping herself to the cakes
which were laid out on some market stalls. Understandably her greed annoyed
the owners and Salim would smack her trunk, whereupon she would squeeze
her small brown eyes shut like a naughty little girl.

6. Eventually, we emerged into open countryside and to our relief followed a track
free of the din of traffic and the possibility of Queen’s thieving. After a while we
noticed that Queen was limping, a bad sign for our future progress, let alone
Queen’s comfort. Salim discovered the cause, a metal leg chain with small
spikes had obviously been used on her by her previous owners. One of the
spikes had caused an ulcer, but, Salim told me, hot-water and salt dressings
applied nightly would cure it. Although his knowledge of elephant ailments
reassured me, it took some time to make and apply these dressings

7. Days passed and our journey continued. Queen plodded along, her trunk
plucking at branches from overhead trees, munching with contentment.
Nevertheless, it was evident that her leg was still troubling her. Soon we came
to another little town. The animal doctor there explained that Queen had
serious infection, and that she would need injections of antibiotics. Moreover,
this difficult task was to be mine and I was distinctly uneasy about it. After
mentally marking a spot in Queen’s enormous side, I shut my eyes and
nervously plunged in the needle. I realised my attempt had failed when, with a
squeal of rage, Queen trundled away with a broken needle wobbling
precariously out of her side. “That was incorrect, “the vet remarked needlessly.
“Place the needle in straight. Now, we will try again

8. When Queen was brought back, she gave me a look of pure venom. I repeated
the process, this time successfully. So off we went again, adding to our

 
  

equipment a heavy box of needles and antibiotics. After some time, we entered
a forest which promised a welcome change of scenery. Queen suddenly
stopped, extending her trunk upwards, scanning and smelling the air “Wild
elephants, “Salim whispered, “and very close.”

9. Aditya reached for his camera bag. With a sharp downward gesture of his hand
Salim indicated to him to keep still. He knew that wild elephants can be very
dangerous. Then from the corner of my eye I caught a slight movement. A soft
sound, almost inaudible, was the only indication that the foliage was being
gently brushed aside. Like ghosts, three female elephants appeared and stood
motionless on the road in front of us. They let out a deep rumble and extended
their trunks towards Queen. If they sensed our fear, would they attack us?
Then, as quickly and quietly as they had appeared, they disappeared. I was
about to let a sigh of relief when Salim gave another of his urgent hand signals.
We heard a movement, as if the grass were being crushed by some huge,
unidentified force. Suddenly a large male elephant with tusks a meter long
confronted us. Queen was trembling violently and Salim was having trouble
holding her steady. We were so close I could see the flies clustering around the
elephant’s eyes. Without warning he rapped his trunk on the ground, emitting a
terrifying bellow.

10. “Quick,” Salim hissed. “He’s angry. Throw the bombs.” Aditya hurled one to the
ground. Nothing happened. It failed to explode. The elephant stepped forward,
throwing his trunk contemptuously into the air, emitting a terrible shrill
trumpeting sound, as if warning us to keep our distance. It was so loud and
enveloping that my senses reeled.

11. “Throw another, now!” I whispered, desperate that this one would work. But
Salim moved first. He wrenched it from Aditya’s hand, placed it on the ground
and hit it hard with the end of his stick. There was a blinding flash, a puff of
smoke and when the smoke had cleared the track was empty. We could hear
the elephants crashing through the trees. In that moment of silence, the
primitive energy of that enormous male elephant vibrated in the emptiness
around us. The silence of the forest was no longer tranquil. It had become
threatening. We moved slowly forward until we could find a way out into safer
open country beyond. I had learnt an important lesson, elephants are wild
animals and deserve an appropriate respect.

(From:’Travels On My Elephant’ by Mark Shand)

 
  

Questions

From paragraph 1

1. How did Aditya feel about the writer’s strange wish?

Ans: He didn’t believe him/he was doubtful (1)

2. Why would Salim be an ideal companion on the journey?

Ans: He was an expert on elephants (1)

From paragraph 2

3. Give two reasons for the writer’s ‘gloomy mood’.

Ans: The zoo director told them there were no elephants on sale
It was the monsoon season/was very hot (2)

From paragraph 3

4. Quote a phrase that shows Queen was the elephant that the writer chose.
Ans: “I proudly possessed “.. (1)

From paragraph 5

5. In your own words, explain what the writer mean by ‘the drain on my nerves
and on my pocket.’
Ans: The experience made him frustrated and he had to spent a lot of
[money (1)

From paragraph 6

6. Suggest two reasons for the ‘relief’ the group felt when they reached the open
country side.
Ans: There was less noise from traffic
They were free from Queen’s stealing/taking what was not hers (2)

From paragraph 9

7. Explain how the writer makes it clear that Aditya did not know that wild
elephants can be dangerous.

 
  

Ans: Aditya reached for his camera/he wanted to take a photograph (1)
8. Suggest a reason why the writer describes the wild females as being ‘like
ghosts’.
Ans: They suddenly appeared/ hardly made any noise (1)

From paragraph 11

9. The writer contrasts the silence of the forest before the arrival of the wild
elephants with its silence after their departure. In your own words, explain
what this contrast is.
(Penal words – tranquil, threatening)
Ans: Before the arrival of the elephants, the forest was peaceful while
after departure of elephants the forest was scary [2 marks]

From the whole passage:

Choose three of the following words. For each of them, give one word or a
short phrase (of not more than seven words) which has the same meaning
as the word has in the passage.

(i) Assuming (line 1) Ans: believing

(ii) Destination (line 25) Ans: target

(iii) Assembled (line 26) Ans: Put together

(iv) Abruptly (line 31) Ans : quickly

(v) Assessed (line 36) Ans : valued

 
  

Summary

The writer and his companion encountered some difficulties and dangers on their
journey with Queen.

Write a summary of the difficulties and dangers the writer and his companion
encountered and how they overcame them.

Use the material from line 34 to line 98

Your summary which must be in continuous writing (not note form) must not be
longer than 150 words including the 10 words given below.

When Queen saw the bus approaching her, she swerved and…….

Keywords- difficulties, dangers, how the overcame them

Length- 150 words

Information- Line 34 to 98

Narrative form- They, she, he

Tense- Past tense

When Queen saw the bus approaching her, she swerved and caused the
collapse of a tea stall. The owner of the stall was enraged. He shouted
furiously, threatening to take them to court. After he cooled down, they
assessed the damage and compensation was paid. This drained the writer’s
nerves and his pocket. Furthermore, Queen kept helping herself with the cakes
and this annoyed the owners. Later on, they realized Queen was limping. One
of the spikes had caused an ulcer. It took them time to apply the dressing in
order to cure Queen. Nevertheless, Queen’s leg was still troubling her, she had
a serious infection. She would need injections of antibiotics. Moreover, this
was to be done by the writer, but his first attempt failed. He repeated the
process and was finally successful. In addition, a heavy box of needles and
antibiotics was added to their equipment.

Number of words: 148

[ Total: 40 marks ]