M.C.

and Structured Questions

Suggested Answers

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Chemical
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 Contents
Part IX Rate of Reaction

A. Multiple choice questions 1

B. Assertion-reason questions 5
C. Structured questions and others 5
D. Essay-type questions 29

Part X Chemical Equilibrium

A. Multiple choice questions 31

B. Assertion-reason questions 35
C. Structured questions and others 36
D. Essay-type questions 53

Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

A. Multiple choice questions 55

B. Assertion-reason questions 62
C. Structured questions and others 62
D. Essay-type questions 95

Part XII Patterns in the Chemical World

A. Multiple choice questions 97

B. Assertion-reason questions 98
C. Structured questions and others 98
D. Essay-type questions 103

Test Paper

SECTION A 104

SECTION B 107
 Part IX Rate of Reaction

(e) It is assumed that the same quantity of sulphur will be

produced in order to 'blot out' the cross below the
beaker. (1)
(11 marks)

113. (a) Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq)—- MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Number of moles of HC1 used • 1.0 x—j- =0.010 mol (1)
Number of moles of H2

= - x number of moles of HC1 used

2
= 0.0050 mol (1)
Volume of H2 at room temperature and pressure
= 0.0050 x 24 000
= 120 cm3 (1)
(b)

answer of (c)(i)
180-

? 120
/^
| 60

0
(^ Time(s)
answer of (c)(ii)

axis labels
—•

graph
(U
0)
(c) (i) Refer to the graph in (b). (Note: The curve becomes
horizontal at volume = 180 cm3) (1)
(ii) Refer to the graph in (b). (Note: The curve becomes
horizontal at volume = 60 cm3) (1)
(7 marks)

15
 Part X Chemical Equilibrium

[CH,CH(OC2H5)2(f)]e<im[H20(^)]eqm
[C2H5OH(€)]2eqm[CH3CHO(^)] eqm
0.20 0.20
0.060 0.060
= 0.0083 mor'dm3 (1)
0.60 2 0.80 ,
0.060 0.060 ,_ , ,
(5 marks)

72. After mixing the 2 solutions,

20
Initial concentration of Fe3+(aq) =0.010 x —= 0.0050 moldm 3 (1)
^u

20
Initial concentration ofSCN(aq) = 0.010 x — =0.0050 moldm-3 (1)
[Fe^aq)]^ = 0.0050 - 0.0020 = 0.0030 mol dm"3 (1)
[SCN-(aq)]«,m = 0.0050 - 0.0020 = 0.0030 mol dm"3 (1)
[Fe(SCN)2+(aq)Lqm = (0.0020)
[Fe3+(aq)][SCN-(aq)]cqm (0.0030)(0.0030)
= 222 mol"1 dm3 (1)
(5 marks)

73. (a) fc, [NHa(g)lV (1)

[N2(g)]t.qm[H2(g)]3eqm
(b) N2(g) + 3H2(g)^=i2NH3(g)
No. of moles of N2(g) reacted
= - x no. of moles of NH3(g) produced = - x 0.40
= 0.20 mol
No. of moles of H,(e) reacted
3 3
= - x no. of moles of NH3(g) produced = - x 0.40
= 0.60 mol (1)
At equilibrium, no. of moles of N2(g) = 0.40 - 0.20
= 0.20 mol (1)
At equilibrium, no. of moles of H2(g) = 0.80 - 0.60
= 0.20 mol (1)
(O40_)2
K = 0.20"-1!?™
0.20,
=1.0 mol"2 dm6 (1)
0.10 0.10
(5 marks)

39
 Part X Chemical Equilibrium

(d) If the temperature is raised, the value of the equilibrium

constant decreases. U)
The backward reaction is endothermic. (1)
An increase in temperature favours an endothermic
reaction. (1)

Hence, the Kr decreases.

(9 marks)

QA , s v _ [co(g)WH2(g)]-V, (1)
84. (a) K,- [CH4(g)]eqm[H20(g)]eqm
(b) Theequilibrium constant at 300 K
(1.8)(1.0)3 =_n^,2Am-6
225 mol dm
(1)
(0.040X0.20)
, x ... _ ,. . (0.060)(0.060)
(c) (i) Reaction quotient =
(1)
U060 0.060
=44.4 mol2 dm-6 (1)
(ii) The value of Qc is greater than Kc. (1)
The non-equilibrium mixture adjusts itself bv
reducing theconcentration of products/ increasing
the concentration of the reactants. (1)
Hence, the equilibrium position shifts tothe left. (1)
(7 marks)

85. (a) Oxygen gas is added. 0)

(b) P:S03 W
Q: S02 (1)
(c) According to Le Chatelier's Principle, addition of
oxygen makes the equilibrium position shift to the right, (1)
consuming some ofoxygen gas and sulphur dioxide. (1)
At the same time, the amount of sulphur trioxide
increases. (1)
Atthe 4th minute, theequilibrium re-establishes. (1)
(d) The temperature will increase. (1)
Addition of oxygen shifts the equilibrium position to
the right so as to proceed the forward exothermic
reaction. CU

49
 Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

Number of carbon
atoms in the longest Structure IUPAC Name
carbon chain

II

H-C-H
II II

H-C-C-C-H 2,2-dimethylpropane
II H

H-C-H

H (1) 0)
(b) (i) 3 (1)
(ii) (1) Optical isomerism/ enantiomerism (1)
(2) CH2CH2CH3 cacacH,
i2»-i »2V-1 fl

H" V""CH3 H" '\ CI

CI (1) CH, (1)
(8 marks)

146. (a)
H H H H CI H
I I I
H-C-C-C-Cl H-C-C=C-H

H CD H (1)
1-chloropropene (1) 2-chloropropene (1)

a h h
I I I
H-C-C=C-H

H (D
3-chloropropene (1)
(b) (i) Geometrical isomerism/ cis-trans isomerism (0
(") Hx /CH3
C = C c=c
a' xch3 (D ay xh (i)
C/s-l-chloropropene (1) Trans-1-chloropropene (1)
(11 marks)

67
 Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

(b)
HHHH HHHH
I I I I HCI(g) I I I I
H-C-C— C = C-H • H - C —C—C—C-H

H H H H CI H (i)
HHHH
NaOH(aq) I I I I
-*• H-C —C —C—C-H
heat
H H OH H
(1)
HHHH
conc.H2S04,180°C I I I I
-• H - C — C=C— C - H
I I
H H
(1)
H,0

(C)
H H H H H H
I I I cone. H2S04,180°C I I
H-C —C —C-OH £—^ »-H-C —C = C-H
T 1
H20
H
(1)

H H H
HCI(g)
-*• H-C —C —C-H

H CI H
(I)
H H H
NaOH(aq) I I I
•*• H - C —C—C-H
heat
H OH H
(1)
(d)
H H H H H O
I I I K2Cr207/H\heat I I II
H-C—C —C-OH V »-H-C —C—C-OH
III \ II
H H H * H H
H20 (1)
H H O
SOCI2 I I II
•H-C — C— C-Cl

H H (1)

B3
 Part XI Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

177. (a) The oilmolecule contains gsteLgroups. (1)

(b) (i) The process is called alkaline hydrolysis/
saponification. (1)
(ii) It iscalled prnpane-1.2.3-triol./ glycerol. (1)
(iii)
o

CH2 - O- C- (CH^CH = CHCH2CH = CB(CtQsCk%

O

CH-O-C- (CH^CH = CHCH2CH =CH(CH2)5CH1 + 3NaOH *•

O

CH2 - O- C- (CH^CH = CHCH2CH = CH(CH2)5CH3

CH2-OH
O

CH-OH + 3Cl^(CH^sOT = CKCHlCH=CH(CH5!)4-C-CFNa<

CH2-OH (1)
(c) There are stronger van der Waals' forces between fatty
acid molecules than vegetable oils. In vegetable oils, the
carbon-carbon double bonds adopt a ris-configuration.
The molecules pack less efficiently and the van der
Waals' forces between molecules are weaken. (1)
(d) (i) Platinum/ palladium/ nickel (1)
(ii) It iscalled hydrogenation reaction. (1)
(iii) Reaction with hydrogen gas converts the
unsaturated fatty acids to saturated ones. (1)
This results in a closely packing of molecules so
as to increase the strength of the van der Waals'
forces between molecules. (1)
(9 marks)

178. (a) Part Bis hydrophilic. 0)

(b) All detergents have a hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail
which is attracted to grease and oil and a hydrophilic
ionic head which is attracted to water. (1)
When a detergent is added into water containing
grease, the hydrophobic tail dissolves in the grease
and the hydrophilic ionic head dissolves in water. (1)
93
 Test Paper Section B

(d)
100 :| II : : _:| : ::!

80
lijpl j •i
¥ 60
:t !jjjl
o

I 40 LT1
a
o

20
! . | 1
in the absence of
E: manganese(IV) oxide :3
•••li.-^-j-r-i-Tt- Mi lllill; hlll—*—+ k
2 3 (1)
Time(min) (7 marks)

6. (a) In sodium, thereare still metallic bonds in liquid state.

A large amount of energy is needed to break downall
the strong metallic bonds in liquid sodium to form (1)
gas.
There are only weak van der Waals' forces between
chlorine molecules in liquid state. Therefore, a small (1)
amount of energy is required.
(b) (i) The sharpest change in melting points takes place (1)
between Si and P.
(ii) Silicon has a giant covalent structure and strong
covalent bonds are required to be broken during
melting. (1)
Phosphorus has a simple molecular structure and
weak van der Waals' forces are required to be
broken during melting. CD
(c) Aluminium has the greatest number of delocalized
electrons among the Period 3 metals and hence the
metallic bonds in aluminium are the strongest. (1)
(d) Al203(s) + 6H+(aq) —*- 2Al3+(aq) +3H20(€) (1)
Al203(s) + 20H~(aq) + 3H20(€) —- 2[Al(OH)4]"(aq) (1)
(8 marks)

109