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CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

Related Technologies

Some of the related technologies that may be used in the development of the web and

mobile renting and monitoring system for Sing Kollective Property Leasing with QR code for

payment include mobile application development frameworks, web development frameworks,

database management systems, QR code payment technologies and cloud hosting services.

Mobile application development frameworks such as React Native and Flutter can be

used to create mobile apps for tenants and property managers to access and manage rental

properties. When implementing these frameworks, related sampling techniques should be

employed to ensure app usability and user satisfaction. Web development frameworks like Ruby

on Rails and Django can be utilized to develop the web-based interface of the rental property

management system, and usability testing can be conducted to enhance the user experience.

Database management systems like MySQL, Oracle, and MongoDB can be used to store and

manage data related to rental properties, tenants, and payments, with data sampling methods

applied for quality assurance. QR code payment technologies such as PayPal and Stripe can be

integrated with the rental property management system to enable tenants to make rent payments

using QR codes, requiring rigorous testing of the payment processing workflow. Finally, cloud

hosting services like AWS and GCP can be used to host the rental property management system,
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providing scalability and flexibility in managing the system and data, necessitating load testing

to ensure optimal performance under varying workloads.

Mobile operating systems such as iOS and Android are also related technologies that may

be used in the development of the web and mobile renting and monitoring system for Sing

Kollective Property Leasing with QR Code for payment. The system can be developed as a

native mobile application for both iOS and Android platforms, enabling tenants and property

managers to access and manage rental properties on their mobile devices. The mobile app can

also integrate with the QR Code payment technologies, providing a seamless and secure payment

experience for tenants. The development of the mobile app may require the use of specific

mobile development tools and languages, such as Xcode and Swift for iOS and Android Studio

and Kotlin for Android.

Foreign Literature

The success of property management relies heavily on efficient and effective

management practices. Over the years, technological advancements have transformed the way

proper managers operate and has led to the emergence of various property management software

and systems.

According to Daniel Fehrm (2020) a web application used by real estate brokers and is

primarily used on devices with larger screens but it can also be used with a mobile phone.

However, from a user perspective the mobile version is difficult to use since real estate brokers

have to spend a lot of time searching for the feature they are looking for. This thesis aims to find

a possible solution by creating a new mobile view that contains shortcuts to the features the real

estate brokers really need when they must use their phone. This is done by first identifying the
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most important features by sending out a survey to a group of sing collective property leasing

owner and tenants users. With those features in place, the next steps are to create a prototype and

evaluate how many fewer clicks and how much less time it takes to reach a specific feature with

the prototype. From the survey we identify 7 features that are considered important to have in the

new mobile view. From the prototype we conclude that reaching the 7 features takes one click

and less than one second to reach, which is a large decrease compared to the current solution.

Cloud-Based Property Management Software: “What is it and Why Do You Need It?” by

Samson Varghese:

This article focuses on the advantages of cloud-based property management software. It

highlights that such software enables property managers and landlords to access real-time data

from anywhere, enhancing their ability to monitor and manage properties effectively. This study

emphasizes the benefits of improved data security offered by cloud-based solutions, as data is

stored securely on remote servers. Additionally, the article emphasizes that cloud-based software

can increase operational efficiency by automating various property management tasks.

“Smart Homes: A Comprehensive Review on Technology and Automation in Rental

Properties” by Ceyhun Ozgur and Tugce Ulutas:

This article examines the potential of smart home technology in rental properties. It explores

how implementing smart home devices and automation systems can enhance the rental

experience for tenants and improve the overall management of rental properties. This study

highlights that features like automated temperature control, smart locks and security systems can

increase tenant satisfaction, provide convenience, and reduce maintenance costs for property
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owners. It emphasizes the importance of integrating smart home technology seamlessly into

rental properties to maximize its benefits.

“Design and Implementation of Rental Management System Based on the Internet of

Things” by Yanzhao Zhang and Yacheng Yang:

This article focuses on the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in rental management

systems. It proposes a rental management system that utilizes IoT technologies such as sensors,

automation systems, and data analysis. The study emphasizes that IoT can significantly improve

property monitoring and maintenance processes by enabling real-time data collection, analysis,

and automated responses. It also highlights how IoT-based systems can facilitate a more efficient

and secure payment process for tenants. The article emphasizes the potential of IoT in enhancing

the overall rental management process.

Local Literature

According to Monteverde Avigail (2022) Businesses including the promotion of rental

properties, utilized the advantage of using technologies to attract more clients. Most of them use

a website to easily advertised their properties online. Hence, there were lots of existing system

developed to find hotels and apartments online, without considering other affordable rental

houses, such as boarding houses and bed spacers. Rental House Smart Finder using Rapid

Application Development basis for Evaluation of ISO-205010 was developed to assist the clients

in finding affordable variations of rental houses such as boarding house, dormitories, hotels and

others. The system can also provide necessary information of specific rental house properties and

even gave an alternative option by providing near rental property listings using kilometer

distance. The system can also accept reservation request from the clients.
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According to Oldewarris (2018), the rental industry is of a great benefit for the lower-

class of manila. They serve as a temporary home for impermanent residence. The paper

Oldewarris published provides a picture of the rental industry in the city of Libis, Manila, and

discusses about solving some issues that exist in the area.

Bernardo, Alayaay, Cabardo, et al. (2018) developed RenTahanan, an advertisement

platform for rental units or houses. The platform enabled rental owners to post their unit and its

location to expand their reach with clients. The survey in their paper concluded that their

demographic users were satisfied and thought it useful.

Synthesis

The researchers assert that each piece of literature and study cited in this research are

comparable to the current study, and they relate and distinguish the research based on how their

transaction differs from the proposed study’s transaction, procedure, and design. In the context of

our topic, which is the development of a rental and monitoring system for Sing Kollective

Property Leasing, we can draw parallels to the literature’s focus on inventory management

systems.

While the cited literature primarily discusses inventory management systems, it aligns

with our research as both inventory management and rental management involve the tracking

and monitoring of assets or resources. The similar conclusion reached in the literature, that an

inventory management system is vital for a business’s day-to-day operation, can be extended to

our research. It highlights the importance of an efficient rental and monitoring system for Sing

collective Property Leasing in effectively managing their rental properties and ensuring smooth

operations.
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Moreover, just as the literature emphasizes that both manual and electronic inventory

management systems have benefits and drawbacks, out research acknowledges that different

approaches, such as traditional property management methods versus digital solutions, may have

their own advantages and limitations. This further reinforces the need for a comprehensive and

well-designed rental and monitoring system tailored to the specific requirements and objectives

of Sing Kollective Property Leasing.

By drawing on the existing literature and its conclusions, their research builds upon the

understanding of the significance of inventory management systems and extends it to the domain

of rental property management. It highlights the necessity of an efficient and well-implemented

rental and monitoring system to optimize the operations and success of Sing Kollective Property

Leasing. In comparison to previous studies, their findings underscore the heightened importance

of such a system in the context of rental property management.

Conceptual Framework (IPO)

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Figure 1. Concept of the Proposed System

The IPO diagram illustrates the flow of inputs, processes, and outputs.

Inputs:

Knowledge Requirements: Expertise in property management, payment processing, and QR code

technology.

Hardware Requirements: Servers, mobile devices, monitoring sensors.

Software Requirements: Application development tools, payment gateway integration, software

functionalities.

Processes:

Property Management: Manages property listings, matches tenants with properties, and handles

property-related operations.

QR Code Payment Processing: Handles payment transactions using QR codes, including

scanning, processing, and payment status confirmation.

Real-time Monitoring: Continuously monitors leased properties, tracks property status, detects

anomalies, and generates alerts.

Outputs:

Property Information and Availability: Provides detailed property information, availability

status, specifications, and pricing details.

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Lease Agreements: Generates lease agreements outlining terms and conditions between tenants

and property owners.

Payment Confirmation: Provides confirmation of successful payment transactions to tenants and

property owners.
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Figure 2. Context Diagram

The Context Diagram or the level 0 of data flow diagram that depicts the relationship

between the user, the System, property owners, tenants, property management, QR Code

payment processing, real-time monitoring, reporting and analytics, and support services. The

diagram is designed to be easy to understand with clear labels for each opponent.
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Figure 3.1. Level 1 DFD

The nodes represents various processes and systems involved in the research. The arrows

indicate the flow of data between these processes and systems. The nodes A to O represent

different components of the research system, such as the Tenant, Property Search, Property

Database, Application Submission, Application Processing, Application Review, Application

Approval, Payment Submission, Feedback Submission, Feedback Processing, Support Request,

and Support System.

This Level 1 DFD provides a more detailed view of the data flow and interactions

between different components of the research system, making it easier to understand the flow of

information and processes involved.

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Figure 3.2. Data Flow Diagram

The diagram illustrates the flow of data between these components and the interactions

with external actors, such as the Tenant. Each component performs specific functions, such as

tenant verification, availability check, payment validation, property database updates, lease

agreement generation, payment processing, confirmation, monitoring alerts, feedback collection,

and support ticket assignment.

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Figure 4. Use-Case Diagram

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The Use Case Diagram represents the interactions between the actors (Tenant, Landlord,

and System) and the various use cases involved in a Property Leasing System. The diagram

shows the different actions and functionalities that each actor can perform.
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Figure 5: Entity Relationship Diagram

The entities are represented as rectangles, such as PROPERTY, TENANT,

LEASE_AGREEMENT, PAYMENT, PROPERTY_INFORMATION, FEEDBACK and

SUPPORT.

The attributes of each entity are listed below the entity name.

The relationships between entities are represented with arrows connecting them, along with

labels describing the nature of the relationship.

The diagram shows that a PROPERTY can be rented by multiple TENANTs, indicated by the

“Rents” relationship.
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A PROPERTY can have multiple LEASE_AGREEMENTs and PAYMENTs indicated by the

“Has” and “Receives” relationships, respectively.

A TENANT can make multiple PAYMENTs and provide multiple FEEDBACKs indicated by

the “Makes” and “Provides” relationships, respectively.

A TENANT can receive SUPPORT, indicated by the “Receives” relationship.

Figure 6: Process Flow Chart

This System Flow Diagram represents the flow of actions and decisions in the process of

renting and monitoring a property using a web and mobile system with QR code payment. The

diagram starts with the user requesting property information and goes through various steps such
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as submitting a rental application, processing the application, generating a lease agreement,

requesting payment via QR code, updating payment status, activating real-time monitoring (if

enabled) and sending alerts and reports.