Chemical Reactions, Formulas,

and Equations
 Chemical Formulas
Element Symbols
Subscripts – Number written
C6 H12O6 below and to the right of a
chemical symbol.
Subscripts • Shows the number of atoms
of each element.
Chemical formula - A shorthand notation for a
compound or diatomic element.
• Shows the elements and how many atoms of
each element are in the compound/molecule.
 WHAT’S THE CHARGE?
● Group 1 -> 1+

● Group 2 -> 2+

● Group 13 -> 3+

● Group 14 -> 4+
 WHAT’S THE CHARGE?
● Group 15 -> 3-

● Group 16 -> 2-

● Group 17 -> 1-

● Group 18 -> Noble Gases

 CHEMICAL FORMULAS
● Definition
• shows the kind and numbers of
atoms in the smallest
representative unit of the
substance.
● i. e.
NaCl
 COMPOUNDS
● A chemical formula is the lowest
whole number ratio of atoms in a
compound.
● i.e. Na2Cl2 -> NaCl
 COMPOUNDS
● If charges cancel, just write the symbols
Na+1 Cl-1 NaCl
● If charges do not cancel, criss-cross:
Ca+2 Cl-1 CaCl2
***Do not move the + and -, only the
number
***Do not write the 1
NAMING COMPOUNDS
● NaBr ●Sodium
Bromide
● MgF2 ●Magnesium
Fluoride
 EXAMPLES
● Potassium + -
K Cl -> KCl
Chloride
● Aluminum Al 3+. 2-
O ->
Oxide Al2O3
• notice ending
of name is ide!
 Polyatomic
● Definition •tightly
bound groups of atoms that
behave as a unit and carry a
charge.
2- -
● Example SO3 , NO2 ,
-
ClO2
 Writing Formulas

2+. 2-
● Ca CO3 ●Calcium
CaCO3 Carbonate
Charges canceled.

Just write the symbols

 Naming

+2 -1
●Calcium ●Ca (NO3)
Nitrate
Notice the charges didn’t
cancel so they criss crossed Ca(NO3)2
 Writing Formulas with
Transition Metals
●FeCl3 ●Iron (III)
+3 -1 Chloride
Fe Cl
●FeCl2 ●Iron (II)
+2 -1
Fe Cl Chloride
*Backwards criss-cross to know the charge/Roman numeral
 COMMON Prefixes
● Hexa – 6
● Mono (or no prefix) – 1
● Hepta – 7
● Di – 2
● Octa – 8
● Tri – 3
● Nona – 9
● Tetra – 4
● Deca – 10
● Penta – 5
 NAMING Compounds

●CO2 ●Carbon
Dioxide
•no mono
• Di means 2
prefix is used
oxygens!!
on first element
 Naming Compounds
●2 ways it’s done!
• (prefix + element name)
i.e. N2O
dinitrogen
monoxide
 Naming Compounds
• (prefix + element root + ide)
i.e. PCl3
Phosphorous
Trichloride
 Chemical Reactions
Chemical reaction – a process by which one or
more substances undergo a chemical change
(React) to produce one or more different (New)
substances.
• Chemical Reactions are shown by writing
chemical equations.
 Chemical Equations and Parts
REACTANTS PRODUCTS
Yields
H2 + O2 H2O

Chemical Equation – A representation of a chemical

reaction where the reactants and products are expressed
in formulas
Reactants - Starting materials that change
Products – New substances formed “Ending Materials”
_______________
Reactants produce the _________________.
Products