MRM ACADEMY PVT . LTD .

, ZIRAKPUR
Session:2020-2021
Class: XI
Subject: CHEMISTRY
Chapter: Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry
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Dear Students, ____

Today we will discuss another important topic of this chapter:

Topic: Empirical and Molecular Formula

The following slides will include below points:

1. Introduction
2. Theoretical /Mathematical concepts
3. Solved Numericals
4. Worksheet/Assignment
Empirical Formula:- It represents the simplest relative whole number
ratio of the atoms of each element present in a molecule of the
substance.
For Ex:- CH is the empirical formula of benzene

Molecular Formula:- It represents the actual number of atoms of each

element present in a molecule.
For Ex:- C6H6 is the molecular formula of benzene

Empirical Coefficient:- The ratio of molecular mass and empirical

formula mass of a substance is called empirical coefficient .
It is denoted by ( n).
Some more formulas used to determine the empirical and molecular
formula of a substance

Molecular formula = n X Empirical formula

Problem 1:- Calculate the empirical formula of a compound that contains
26.6% potassium, 35.4% chromium and 38.1% oxygen.
(Given that: K = 39,Cr = 52 and O = 16).
Solution:-
Element Percentage Atomic mass Molar ratio Simplest ratio Simple ratio

K 26.6% 39 26.6/39=0.68 0.68/0.68=1 1x2=2

Cr 35.4% 52 35.4/52=0.68 0.68/0.68=1 1x2=2

O 38.1% 16 38.1/16=2.38 2.38/0.68=3.5 3.5x2=7

Hence, The Empirical formula of the compound :

K2Cr2O7.
Problem 2:- An organic compound on analysis gave the following
percentage composition: C = 57.8 %, H = 3.6 % and the rest is oxygen. The
vapour density of the compound was found to be 83. Find out the
molecular formula of the compound.
Solution:-
Element Percentage Atomic mass Molar ratio Simplest ratio Simple ratio

C 57.8% 12 57.8/12=4.82 4.82/2.41=2 2x2=4

H 3.6% 1 3.6/1 = 3.6 3.6/2.41=1.5 1.5x2=3

O 38.6% 16 38.6/16= 2.41 2.41/2.41=1 1x2 =2

Hence, Empirical formula = C4H3O2

Empirical formula mass = 4x12+3x1+2x16=83
Molecular mass = 2x vapour density = 2x 83 = 166
n = Molecular mass/ Empirical formula mass = 166/83 =2
Molecular formula = n X Empirical formula = 2xC4H3O2 = C8H6O4.
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Thank You
 Worksheet/Assignment

1.An organic compound has following percentage composition:

C = 48 % , H = 8 % , N = 28 % and remaining O.
Calculate the empirical formula of the compound.[Answer:C 4H8N2O]

2.An organic compound contains 92.31 % C and 7.69 % of H . Calculate

its empirical and molecular formula . Given that its molecular mass
= 78 g. [Answer: CH and C6H6]

3. 0.6 g of a compound occupies 224 cc at NTP . It contains 6.67 % H ,

40 % C and the rest O.Calculate
(i) Molecular mass (ii) Empirical formula (iii) Molecular formula
[Answer: (i) 60 (ii) CH2O (iii) C2H4O2]
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(God Bless You)