America A Narrative History 9th Edition

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CHAPTER 8: The Early Republic

TRUE/FALSE

1. The "revolution of 1800" refers to the election of Thomas Jefferson.

ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: Page 330 OBJ: 1

TOP: The "revolution of 1800" (III.A)

2. Marbury v. Madison was sparked by one of President Adams's "midnight appointments."

ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: Page 331 OBJ: 2

TOP: Jefferson and the judiciary (III.B)

3. Once in office, Jefferson set out to dismantle Hamilton's Federalist economic program.

ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: Page 333 OBJ: 1

TOP: Conflicts with Federalist policies (III.C)

4. During Thomas Jefferson's presidency, the national debt grew much larger.

ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: Page 333 OBJ: 1

TOP: Conflicts with Federalist policies (III.C)

5. Thomas Jefferson signed an act outlawing the foreign slave trade as of 1808.

ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: Page 333 OBJ: 1

TOP: Conflicts with Federalist policies (III.C)

6. From 1763 to 1803, the Louisiana Territory belonged to France.

ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: Page 335 OBJ: 3

TOP: The Louisiana Purchase (III.E)

7. The expansion of the United States into the West weakened the Federalists.

ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: Page 336 OBJ: 3

TOP: The Louisiana Purchase (III.E)

8. President Jefferson ignored a subpoena requiring him to appear in court with certain documents in his
possession.

ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: Pages 341–42

OBJ: 1 TOP: The Burr conspiracy (IV.B)

9. James Madison followed Thomas Jefferson as president.

ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: Page 346 OBJ: 1

TOP: Madison and Clinton elected in 1808 (V.D)
 10. During the early 1800s, the British were more likely than the French to respect American shipping
rights.

ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: Page 347 OBJ: 1

TOP: Causes (VI.A)

11. Tecumseh was a Shawnee leader who supported the United States in the War of 1812.

ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: Page 348 OBJ: 4

TOP: Causes (VI.A)

12. Most "war hawks" were New England Federalists.

ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: Pages 349–50

OBJ: 4 TOP: Causes (VI.A)

13. William Henry Harrison was the American hero at the Battle of New Orleans.

ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: Page 358 OBJ: 4

TOP: Battle of New Orleans (VI.G)

14. The Battle of New Orleans was meaningless since it was fought after the war had officially ended.

ANS: F DIF: Easy REF: Pages 358–59

OBJ: 4 TOP: Battle of New Orleans (VI.G)

15. The Federalist party was badly hurt by its involvement in the Hartford Convention.

ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: Page 360 OBJ: 4

TOP: The Hartford Convention (VI.I)

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Between 1800 and 1840, the nation's most dramatic population expansion occurred:
A. west of the Appalachians
B. in New England
C. in Atlantic seaports
D. in the Deep South
E. beyond the Mississippi
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Page 327 OBJ: 1
TOP: Westward migrations (I.A) MSC: Factual

2. In the early nineteenth century, the fastest growing segment of the population was:
A. immigrants
B. free blacks
C. Indians
D. slaves
E. women
 ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Page 327 OBJ: 1
TOP: Upsurge in black freedom (I.B) MSC: Factual

3. The nature of work was transformed for numerous Americans by:

A. government regulations
B. the growing factory system
C. free land in the West
D. advances in education
E. scientific farming methods
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Page 328 OBJ: 1
TOP: General economic trends (I.C) MSC: Applied

4. Jefferson's inauguration was notable for:

A. its sharp partisan tone
B. the impassioned delivery of his speech
C. its being the first in Washington, D.C.
D. the luxurious surroundings
E. its immediate call to arms
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Page 329 OBJ: 1
TOP: The new federal city (II) MSC: Conceptual

5. Who said, “We are all Republicans—we are all Federalists”?

A. Alexander Hamilton
B. Thomas Jefferson
C. George Washington
D. James Madison
E. John Adams
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Page 330 OBJ: 1
TOP: The new federal city (II) MSC: Factual

6. Thomas Jefferson's inaugural address reflected:

A. his strong partisan desire to oppose the Federalists now that he was in office
B. his desire to adopt Federalist principles now that he was in office
C. an affirmation of educational elitism and commitment to continued governmental
formality
D. a tone of simplicity and conciliation
E. his hopes for a new war to unify the country
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: Page 330 OBJ: 1
TOP: The new federal city (II) MSC: Applied

7. President Jefferson's cabinet:

A. included no one from New England
B. was marked for its mediocrity
C. shared his objective of destroying the Federalists
D. included Madison as secretary of state
E. never actually met
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Page 330 OBJ: 1
TOP: The "revolution of 1800" (III.A) MSC: Factual
 8. In the case of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court:
A. showed its commitment to states' rights
B. ruled that Marbury should occupy his judicial position
C. made itself the government's most powerful branch
D. proved it was not influenced by politics
E. declared a federal law unconstitutional
ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: Page 331 OBJ: 2
TOP: Jefferson and the judiciary (III.B) MSC: Applied

9. In the case of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court chief justice who established the principle of
judicial review was:
A. Albert Gallatin
B. John Jay
C. John Pickering
D. John Marshall
E. John Quincy Adams
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Page 331 OBJ: 2
TOP: Jefferson and the judiciary (III.B) MSC: Factual

10. Jefferson showed his commitment to limited government by:

A. cutting military spending
B. selling the national bank
C. ending the tariff
D. abolishing the post office
E. canceling the national debt
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Page 333 OBJ: 1
TOP: Conflicts with Federalist policies (III.C) MSC: Applied

11. Thomas Jefferson believed that a large federal debt would:

A. mean high taxes and public corruption
B. be a national "blessing"
C. help bankers and investors in the United States make money from the federal government
D. be easily paid off in fifty years
E. cause another revolution
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Page 333 OBJ: 1
TOP: Conflicts with Federalist policies (III.C) MSC: Factual

12. In the early 1800s, the United States engaged in a naval conflict with:
A. France
B. North African pirates
C. Britain
D. Spain
E. Canadian smugglers
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Pages 333–34
OBJ: 1 TOP: Conflict with the Barbary pirates (III.D)
MSC: Factual
13. The Louisiana Purchase was made possible by:
A. Jefferson's threat to take the land by force
B. Britain's support of the U.S. effort
C. Napoléon's disastrous setback in Haiti
D. the fact that France offered it for free
E. the political backing of the Federalists
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Page 335 OBJ: 3
TOP: The Louisiana Purchase (III.E) MSC: Conceptual

14. All of the following are true of the Louisiana Purchase EXCEPT:
A. it was Jefferson's greatest achievement as president
B. the United States acquired an immensity of new territory
C. it was easily approved by the Senate
D. it was clearly constitutional
E. it soon led to further territorial acquisition
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: Pages 335–36
OBJ: 3 TOP: The Louisiana Purchase (III.E) MSC: Factual

15. The Louisiana Purchase was a problem for Jefferson because:

A. the cost was too high for the United States to pay
B. acquisition of new Indian lands was contrary to his principles and beliefs
C. the territory was ideal for slavery, which he opposed
D. he believed that the Constitution did not give authority to acquire new land
E. it would be hard to defend it against the Spaniards
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: Page 336 OBJ: 3
TOP: The Louisiana Purchase (III.E) MSC: Conceptual

16. Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark to:

A. make peace with the Indians
B. establish a settlement in Louisiana
C. capture California
D. spread Christianity westward
E. map and explore well beyond the Mississippi
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: Page 337 OBJ: 3
TOP: Exploring the continent (III.F) MSC: Factual

17. Lewis and Clark's expedition:

A. gave the United States a claim to Oregon
B. was a spectacular failure
C. fought against Spaniards in Texas
D. encountered no friendly Indians
E. concluded that the West was uninhabitable
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Pages 338–39
OBJ: 3 TOP: Exploring the continent (III.F) MSC: Factual

18. Jefferson's policy and political successes were shown when ______ became a Republican.
A. Thomas Pickering
B. John Quincy Adams
 C. Daniel Boone
D. Aaron Burr
E. Alexander Hamilton
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Page 339 OBJ: 1
TOP: Political schemes of the Federalist camp (III.G) MSC: Factual

19. The Essex Junto was:

A. a group of New Englanders who supported the Louisiana Purchase
B. the name given to Republican supporters of Aaron Burr
C. an extremist group of Federalists in New England who developed the idea of secession
from the Union
D. the primary supporter of Jefferson's Embargo Act
E. Jefferson's most trusted group of political advisers
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Page 340 OBJ: 1
TOP: Political schemes of the Federalist camp (III.G) MSC: Factual

20. The 1804 presidential election resulted in:

A. a comeback for the Federalists
B. Aaron Burr's duel with Alexander Hamilton
C. Jefferson's landslide reelection
D. the rise of a powerful third party
E. months of confusion over the actual winner
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Page 340 OBJ: 1
TOP: Political schemes of the Federalist camp (III.G) MSC: Applied

21. To avoid the problems associated with political parties running multiple candidates for the presidency,
Congress:
A. outlawed multiple party candidates
B. called for a constitutional convention to deal with this issue
C. changed the qualifications for president
D. passed the Twelfth Amendment providing that electors use separate ballots to vote for a
president and a vice president
E. made popular vote the method by which presidents would be chosen
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Page 340 OBJ: 1
TOP: Political schemes of the Federalist camp (III.G) MSC: Factual

22. The "Old Republicans," led by John Randolph:

A. were mostly from northern and middle states
B. were staunch nationalists
C. were very closely allied with the Whigs
D. supported Thomas Jefferson
E. supported an agrarian society
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: Page 341 OBJ: 1
TOP: Emergence of the Old Republicans (IV.A) MSC: Factual

23. Aaron Burr's conspiracy:

A. involved a plot to assassinate Jefferson
B. brought his conviction for treason
 C. involved the Federalists
D. aimed to give him a private western empire
E. caused his removal as vice president
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Page 341 OBJ: 1
TOP: The Burr conspiracy (IV.B) MSC: Factual

24. Aaron Burr's treason trial featured:

A. John Marshall's insistence upon a rigid definition of treason
B. Burr's dramatic confession
C. Jefferson's testimony on behalf of the prosecution
D. charges that the jury had been bribed
E. three witnesses of overt acts of treason
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: Page 342 OBJ: 2
TOP: The Burr conspiracy (IV.B) MSC: Factual

25. As a result of the competing British and French "paper blockades," American shippers:
A. stayed at home
B. ran the risk of capture
C. got Jefferson to strengthen the navy
D. armed their merchant vessels
E. paid bribes to the British and French navies
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: Page 343 OBJ: 4
TOP: Harassment of shipping by Britain and France (V.B) MSC: Applied

26. In the Essex case:

A. a British court ruled that enemy goods were subject to seizure even if shipped through
neutral ports
B. a French gunboat that ran aground in North Carolina was burned
C. the American navy seized and improperly searched a British ship
D. certain provisions of Pinckney's Treaty were violated
E. Britain explained why its impressment of American sailors was legal
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Page 343 OBJ: 4
TOP: Harassment of shipping by Britain and France (V.B) MSC: Factual

27. Jefferson's response to British and French interference with American shipping was:
A. an effort to woo France into an alliance
B. an effort to woo Britain into an alliance
C. what he called a policy of “peaceable coercion”
D. to ignore the matter and continue trading with both
E. to shift the American economy toward industrialization
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Page 344 OBJ: 4
TOP: Jefferson's Embargo Act (V.C) MSC: Factual

28. The Leopard's attack upon the Chesapeake:

A. resulted in an American victory
B. occurred on the Great Lakes
C. created war fever in the United States
D. brought an official British apology
 E. ended the British practice of impressment
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Page 344 OBJ: 4
TOP: Harassment of shipping by Britain and France (V.B) MSC: Applied

29. Jefferson's Embargo Act:

A. forced a change in British policy
B. was effectively enforced by the navy
C. had widespread public backing
D. sought to stop all American exports
E. ended Jefferson's presidency on a successful note
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: Page 344 OBJ: 4
TOP: Jefferson's Embargo Act (V.C) MSC: Applied

30. The greatest support for the declaration of war in 1812 came from:
A. the New England area
B. the areas in which commerce and international trade were a primary occupation
C. the manufacturing centers
D. the agricultural regions from Pennsylvania southward and westward
E. the Old Republicans
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Page 346 OBJ: 4
TOP: Causes (VI.A) MSC: Applied

31. President Madison's attempts to deal with British and French interference with American trade:
A. were far more effective than Jefferson's
B. showed his belief in peace at any price
C. boosted the domestic economy
D. revealed that Napoléon could be trusted
E. led to war with the British
ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: Pages 346–47
OBJ: 4 TOP: The drift toward war (V.E) MSC: Applied

32. Western settlers and politicians believed war with Britain might enable:
A. a monopoly of the fur trade
B. expansion to the Pacific
C. the conquest of Canada
D. an alliance with Tecumseh
E. an alliance with Napoléon
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Page 347 OBJ: 4
TOP: Causes (VI.A) MSC: Applied

33. The Shawnee leader, Tecumseh:

A. worked to unite Indians in a vast confederacy
B. was probably the greatest Indian preacher
C. befriended western settlers
D. attacked British Canada
E. won a battle when Americans attacked his capital
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Page 348 OBJ: 1
 TOP: Causes (VI.A) MSC: Factual

34. In the Battle of Tippecanoe:

A. British forces defeated a larger American army
B. American forces defeated a larger British army
C. American frontiersmen battled Spanish settlers in Florida
D. the hope of an Indian confederation to protect their hunting grounds was ended
E. William Henry Harrison was shamefully defeated by the Indians
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Page 349 OBJ: 4
TOP: Causes (VI.A) MSC: Factual

35. Which war hawk loudly proclaimed that his state of Kentucky was ready to march on Canada and
acquire its lucrative fur trade?
A. Felix Grundy
B. Henry Clay
C. John Randolph
D. John C. Calhoun
E. Andrew Jackson
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Page 350 OBJ: 4
TOP: Causes (VI.A) MSC: Factual

36. As the War of 1812 started, one strength of the United States was:
A. a large standing army
B. a small but war-tested navy
C. a surplus in the federal budget
D. the national bank's stabilization of the economy
E. President Madison's genius as commander-in-chief
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Page 351 OBJ: 4
TOP: Preparations for war (VI.B) MSC: Factual

37. The naval battle on Lake Erie resulted in:

A. the death of Tecumseh
B. American control of Canada
C. the end of British naval supremacy
D. Commodore Perry's glorious victory
E. a British invasion of New York
ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: Page 354 OBJ: 4
TOP: War in the North (VI.C) MSC: Applied

38. At Horseshoe Bend, Andrew Jackson won a smashing victory over the:
A. Cherokees
B. Shawnees
C. British
D. Spaniards
E. Creeks
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: Page 355 OBJ: 4
TOP: War in the South (VI.D) MSC: Factual
39. To President Jefferson, one major incentive to purchase Louisiana was to:
A. gain the support of the Federalists
B. secure American access to the Mississippi River and New Orleans
C. spend some of the surplus money in the Treasury
D. prove that the United States had become a world power
E. acquire new ports on the Pacific
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: Page 356 OBJ: 3
TOP: The Louisiana Purchase (III.E) MSC: Applied

40. The British invasion of the mid-Atlantic coast in 1814 resulted in:
A. their capture of Baltimore
B. their defeat by American militia
C. the capture and burning of Washington, D.C.
D. Madison's resignation as president
E. the U.S. decision to sue for peace
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: Page 356 OBJ: 4
TOP: Invasions at Washington and Baltimore (VI.F) MSC: Applied

41. The most notable aspect of the British assault upon Baltimore was:
A. the complete destruction of Fort McHenry
B. the large number of civilian casualties
C. the length of the siege that followed
D. its inspiration for the eventual national anthem
E. the superb performance of the U.S. Navy
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Page 357 OBJ: 4
TOP: Invasions at Washington and Baltimore (VI.F) MSC: Factual

42. The British attack on Baltimore's Fort McHenry:

A. resulted in the destruction of the British fleet
B. made a national hero of Andrew Jackson
C. increased support for the war in New England
D. resulted in a bombardment that did not force the fort's surrender
E. resulted in an embarrassing American defeat
ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: Page 357 OBJ: 4
TOP: Invasions at Washington and Baltimore (VI.F) MSC: Applied

43. The British defeat at New Orleans is best explained by:

A. their attack upon a strong defensive position
B. Andrew Jackson's military genius
C. their loss of energy in the southern heat
D. the sharpshooting of the Americans
E. prior awareness that a peace treaty had been signed
ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: Page 358 OBJ: 4
TOP: Battle of New Orleans (VI.G) MSC: Conceptual

44. The Treaty of Ghent:

A. guaranteed American shipping rights
B. gave the British access to the Mississippi River
 C. recognized the clear U.S. victory
D. ended the war
E. gave the United States part of Canada
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Page 358 OBJ: 4
TOP: Treaty of Ghent (VI.H) MSC: Factual

45. The Hartford Convention illustrated deep opposition to the war in:
A. the South
B. New England
C. New York
D. the West
E. Congress
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Page 359 OBJ: 4
TOP: The Hartford Convention (VI.I) MSC: Factual

46. The War of 1812:

A. made the United States a world power
B. strengthened the Federalists
C. was the deadliest in U.S. history
D. gave the United States its first colonies
E. generated intense patriotic pride
ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: Page 359 OBJ: 4
TOP: Aftermath of the war (VI.J) MSC: Applied

47. In the aftermath of the War of 1812:

A. Americans took decisive action against the Barbary pirates in the Mediterranean
B. the Barbary pirates defeated the small U.S. Navy and forced President Madison into an
expensive settlement
C. the U.S. government paid tribute to the Barbary pirates to avoid an additional war with
them
D. America and the Barbary states reached a peaceful settlement concerning shipping rights
off the Barbary Coast
E. the United States, Britain, and France combined to defeat the Barbary pirates
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: Pages 360–61
OBJ: 4 TOP: Aftermath of the war (VI.J) MSC: Applied

48. At the Hartford Convention, delegates:

A. voted to secede from the Union
B. proposed a series of constitutional amendments to limit Republican influence in
government
C. denounced New England merchants who had traded with the British during the war
D. voted to join the Republican party
E. offered generous peace terms to the British
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Page 360 OBJ: 4
TOP: The Hartford Convention (VI.I) MSC: Factual

49. As a result of the War of 1812, President Madison:

A. ran for a third term
 B. was even more committed to limited government
C. learned the value of some Federalist policies
D. is recognized as a great president
E. switched parties
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: Page 361 OBJ: 4
TOP: Aftermath of the war (VI.J) MSC: Applied

ESSAY

1. Assess the degree to which Jefferson's election as president can accurately be called the "revolution of
1800."

ANS:
Answer will vary.

2. "Strict construction of the Constitution is more a matter of politics than principle." Discuss this
statement in light of the conflicts described in this chapter.

ANS:
Answer will vary.

3. Political dissension seemed to be an important factor in the era of Jefferson. This can be seen in the
appearance of, among other things, the Burr conspiracy, the Essex Junto, and the Hartford Convention.
How can you account for these examples, and what generalizations can you draw from them?

ANS:
Answer will vary.

4. Discuss the issues that led to the Marbury v. Madison case of 1803. What were the results of the
decision, and what impact did it have on the Supreme Court and the country?

ANS:
Answer will vary.

5. Describe President Jefferson's foreign policy, especially as it related to the Barbary pirates and the
French.

ANS:
Answer will vary.

6. Describe the Lewis and Clark expedition. What impact did it have on developing the United States
west of the Mississippi River?

ANS:
Answer will vary.

7. Examine Aaron Burr's western conspiracy.

 ANS:
Answer will vary.

8. Led by John Randolph of Roanoke, the Old Republicans became outspoken critics of Jefferson during
his second term. Examine their criticisms and their vision for America.

ANS:
Answer will vary.

9. Thomas Jefferson's decision to enact the embargo is one of the most criticized moments in American
history. Did he make the right decision?

ANS:
Answer will vary.

10. Why did the United States go to war with Britain in 1812? Which groups of people supported and
opposed the war? Why?

ANS:
Answer will vary.

11. Examine Tecumseh's attempt to unify western Indians against the Americans. Was his defeat an
important moment in Indian-Anglo relations?

ANS:
Answer will vary.

12. Although soon forgotten, Americans had a fixation on incorporating Canada into the United States in
the early 19th century. Examine that idea and discuss the philosophy behind it.

ANS:
Answer will vary.

13. "The War of 1812 was an unnecessary conflict that solved nothing and brought no benefit to either
side." Discuss the validity of this assertion.

ANS:
Answer will vary.

14. Explain the Treaty of Ghent and the end of the War of 1812.

ANS:
Answer will vary.

15. What were the short-term and long-term results of the War of 1812?
 ANS:
Answer will vary.

MATCHING

Match each description with the item below.

A. appointed justice of the peace in the District of Columbia

B. elected president in 1804
C. negotiated Louisiana Purchase
D. was a naval hero against the Barbary pirates
E. was a war hawk
F. saw British attack of Fort McHenry from Baltimore Harbor
G. became vice president in 1801
H. was chief justice
I. was an American naval hero in the War of 1812
J. explored Louisiana Purchase and Far West
1. Aaron Burr
2. Henry Clay
3. Stephen Decatur
4. Thomas Jefferson
5. Francis Scott Key
6. Meriwether Lewis
7. Robert R. Livingston
8. William Marbury
9. John Marshall
10. Oliver H. Perry

1. ANS: G
2. ANS: E
3. ANS: D
4. ANS: B
5. ANS: F
6. ANS: J
7. ANS: C
8. ANS: A
9. ANS: H
10. ANS: I