Scope and Structure of Tourism &

Hospitality Organisation
Organizational Structure Types

Bureau Structure
- it maintain hierarchies when it comes to people management.
There are three types of bureaucratic structures:

1. Pre-bureaucratic Structures
- this type of organisations lacks the standards. Usually this type of structure can be
observed in small scale, start-up companies. Usually the structure is centralised and there is
only one key decision maker.

2. Bureaucratic Structures
- These structures have a degree of standardisation. When the organisation grow complex
and large, bureaucratic structures are required for management. These structures are
required suitable for big organisations.

3. Post - bureaucratic Structures

- This structures open to more modern ideas and methodologies. They follow technique
such as Total quality Management, Culture management.

Functional Structure
- This allows the organisation to enhance the efficiencies of these functional groups. This
organisation produces high volume of products at low costs

Divisional Structure
- These types of organisations divide the functional areas of the organisation to divisions.
Each division is equipped with its own resources in order to function independently.

Divisions can be defined based on the geographical basis, products/services basis, or any
other measurement.

Matrix Structure
- The organisation places the employees based on the function and the product.
- The matrix structure gives the best of the both worlds of functional and divisional structures.
World Tourism Organisation (WTO) - is responsible for the promotion of responsible and
sustainable and universally accessible tourism.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s) geared towards eliminating poverty and fostering
sustainable development and peace worldwide.

UNWTO (United Nations World Tourism Organisation) - generates market knowledge,

promotes competitive and sustainable tourism policies instruments, fosters tourism education
and training, and works .
- the objectives of the UNWTO are to promote and develop sustainable tourism to contribute
to economic development, international understanding, peace, prosperity, and universal
respect for, and observance of, human rights fundamental freedoms for all, without
distinction as to race, sex, language or religion.
Structure of the Travel and Tourism Industry

Six Components of Sectors

1. Attractions - are either natural in themselves or are man made. It is easy to think of natural
attractions.
2. Transport - it helps tourist to reach a destination
3. Accommodation - it refers to the renting of a short-term dwelling
4. Tour Operators - A contract is negotiated with accommodation and transport providers.
5. Travel Agent - do their job selling the brochures. This the link between tour operators and
the public.

Tourism Information Board - is concerned with the promotion in any form as to advice and
information, and to undertake research.

Structure and Functions

Hotel Encouragement Act of 1954 - encourages the development of hotels throughout the
country by means of refund of duties and forgiveness of certain taxes.

Director - General - is responsible for all “technical” matters pertaining to tourism, and is
responsible for providing advice of a technical nature to the Minister, that is advertising
matters, public relations, and the sales force and shore product development matters.

Department of Tourism (DOT) - is the executive department of the Philippine government

responsible for the regulation of the Philippine tourism industry and the promotion of the
Philippines as a tourist destination.

Organization - is a group of people who work together to achieve a common goal.

Work Specialization - is how tasks are subdivided into separate jobs within an organisation.
The more a job is broken down into small tasks the more specialisation is required by an
individual worker.

Centralization - is another area in which the structure of an organisation can influence

employee behaviour and performance.

Organizational Communication - the sharing of organisational information, remains a vital

and critical tool when trying to create and maintain a competitive advantage.

Two Type of Communication

1. External Communication includes those communications between organisational

members and external parties such as customers, manufacturers, shareholders, investors
and the general public.
2. Internal Organizational Communication - facilitates the flow of information among
members of the organisation.

Formal Communication Channels

1. Upward Communication is all about feedback, namely subordinates providing feedback
to their managers. It allows for increased employee and involvement shared decision
making and positive working relationships between managers and their employees.
2. Downward Communication includes communication that goes from top to bottom, or
from manager to subordinate.

Grapevine - includes all the informal conversations that occur between organisational
members that are not officially sanctioned.

Organizational Structure - lays the foundation for how a company operates. It is a set of
policies and rules that determines.

Flat Organizational Stucture - few levels of management between the CEO, or President of a
company, and the lower - level employees .

Functional Organizational Structure - it focuses job functions or functional areas

Product Organizational structures - organized based upon a company’s product lines.

Operational staff of a hotel includes all the people that work in the different hotel departments
such as food and beverage; housekeeping; the front desk; the bar; the restaurant. Staff
positions include chefs, cooks, dishwashers, guest room attendants, laundry room
attendants, room service waiters, porters, and customer representatives that greet
guests, guide them to their rooms, and relay special requests to the front desk.

Executive group management serves as the leadership of a property and includes the
general manager.

General manager is the overall manager of the property and is ultimately responsible for the
hotel.

Assistant managers responsible for supporting the general manager handling specific issues
assigned, and are considered part of the executive management team.

Defining the Roles

1. Functional Groups it handles issues that are directly related to guests. These team must
handle requests, problems, and services for customers.
2. Housekeeping - an area that greatly affects the satisfaction of guests at any hotel.
3. Food and Beverage - manages any restaurants, cafe’s, coffee, shops, bars, lounges, or
other type of food preparing facilities.
4. Front Desk and Guest services - it addresses questions, concerns, problems, of the
guest
5. Administrative Groups - handle the behind the scenes details that keep the property
running smoothly.
6. Sales - focuses on booking groups into the hotel, selling conference and event space, and
handling functions.
7. Accounting - handles the property’s money and any financial issues.
8. Human Resources - handles the general personnel issues of the hotel.
Tourism is travel for recreation, leisure, religious, family or business purposes. Tourism is travel
for recreation, leisure, religious, family, and business purposes.

Accessibility in Tourism - Accessibility in tourism is how easy it is for the tourist to access or
get to the desired destinations.

Franchising is an important option of the firm to expand its market.

Structure of Travel Organisation

1. Travel Agent provides information to the people on various travel destinations, advises
them of available holiday packages to suit their taste and budget.
2. Tour Operators
3. Accommodation these components consist of those who provide accommodation to the
people in the form of hotels, resorts, apartments, camps, guest houses, etc.
4. Various Kinds of Transport: transport providers are those operating any major form of
transport. They could be airlines, cruise lines, car rentals, and rail companies.