DESIGN OF TURBO JET ENGINE

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

MOHAMED SUHAIL. M 962320114014

ABISHEAK.R. J 962320114304
NANTHAGOPHAN.K. S 962320114322

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

IN

SEVENTH SEMESTER

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

AMRITA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

NAGERCOIL - 629901

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 60002

NOV -2023
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project “DESIGN OF TURBO JET ENGINE” is the

Bonafide work of MOHAMED SUHAIL. M (962320114014) ABISHEAK. R. J

(962320114304) NANTHAGOPHAN. K. S (962320114322) who carried out the

project work under any supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Dr. B. Babu Mr. G. Saravanaram
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT, SUPERVISOR,
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Assistant Professor,
Amrita College Of Engineering & Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Technology Amrita College of Engineering &
Nagercoil- 629901 Technology
Nagercoil- 629901

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We sincerely thank to Tamil Nadu Skill Development Corporation

(TNSDC), “Naan Mudhalvan” Platform and Tamil Nadu Centre of Excellence for
Advanced Manufacturing (TANCAM) for encouragement towards our project
work for providing necessary skill training.

We sincerely thank our Principal Dr. T. KANNAN, M.E., PH.D., for

encouragement towards our project works.

We also thank our Head of the Department Dr. B. Babu and our project guide
Mr. G. Saravanaram and our parents for the complete and wholehearted support,
motivation guidance and help in making our project activities.
 ABSTRACT

This project aims to design a turbojet engine using Catia software. The
design was based on the research conducted by industry experts and researchers
throughout the history of jet engines. The design methods were carefully selected
to simplify the engine design process. The objective of the project was to create
a functional turbojet engine. Air travel has become more accessible in today's
world, allowing people to travel to any part of the world in a short amount of
time. However, the aviation industry was not as advanced in the past, using
Rotary Piston IC engines that had limited travel speed and distance, high fuel
consumption, and increased transport costs. The development of turbojet engines,
which are Rotary-Reaction Turbine Engines, was a significant breakthrough in
the aviation industry. Compared to Rotary piston engines, turbojet engines are
more efficient, and other engines such as turbofan, turboprop, and turbo shaft
engines were developed as improvements over the turbojet engine.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

NO NO
ABSTRACT
Table of content
List of figures
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 AN OVERVIEW OF 3DEXPERIENCE - 1
CATIA DESIGN SOFTWARE
1.1.1 An End-to-end process for mechanical & shape 1
design
1.1.2 Real-time collaboration 2
1.1.3 Why choose 3DEXPERIENCE CATIA? 2
1.2 TOOL BARS 3
1.2.1 Sketcher Work Bench Tool Bars 3
1.2.2 The operation tool bar 4
1.2.3 The constraints tool bar 4
1.2.4 Specifying the work plane 5
1.3 CONSTRAINT 6
1.4 LITERATURE SURVEY 8
1.5 FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT 9
1.5.1 Scope of The Project 9
1.5.2 Existing Design 9
1.5.3 Modified design 10
1.6 CONCLUSION 12
1.7 REFERENCE 13
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE FIGURE NAME PAGE NO

1.1 Sketcher Work Bench Tool Bars 3

1.2 Profile Tool Bar 4
1.3 Constraints Tool Bar 4
1.4 Specifying the Work Plane 5
1.5 Chamfer Tool 6
1.6 Sketch Constraining 6
1.7 Existing turbojet engine design 10
1.8 modified design of turbojet engine 11
 INTRODUCTION

The Naan Mudhalvan Course: SURFACE MODELLING Teaches

students how to create models of engineering objects and assemblies using the
3DEXPERIENCE - CATIA software. This software is widely used in various
interdisciplinary engineering fields for modelling and is the primary tool used in
this course. Through the course, students gain a comprehensive understanding of
the software's capabilities and learn how to use it to complete various modelling
tasks. By the end of the course, students are equipped with the knowledge and
skills needed to create high- quality engineering models and assemblies using
3DEXPERIENCE - CATIA, making them well- prepared for a career in the
mechanical engineering industry.

3DEXPERIENCE - CATIA is designed to help engineering companies

achieve engineering excellence. The software boasts a powerful set of social and
collaborative 3D modelling and simulation tools that enable users to work
together on design projects and improve their overall engineering capabilities.
With CATIA, engineering companies can streamline their design processes and
reduce the time and resources required to bring their products to market. Whether
it's creating 3D models or running simulations, CATIA's suite of tools provides
the necessary support for engineering teams to achieve their goals.

1.1 AN OVERVIEW OF 3DEXPERIENCE - CATIA DESIGN

SOFTWARE

1.1.1 An End-to-end process for mechanical & shape design

3DEXPERIENCE CATIA is a software solution that offers its users
unlimited possibilities to create anything they want. Its geometrical modeler is
specifically designed to support the completion of highly complex mechanical
products and parts with great accuracy, from concept to detailing. The software
provides a comprehensive set of tools, including high- quality surface and part
design, assembly creation, mechanism motion, 3D mock-up review, and drawing
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generation, ensuring that users have all the necessary support to achieve their
design goals. Additionally, 3DEXPERIENCE CATIA guarantees users the best
geometry accuracy for part and tooling surfaces, as well as the highest level of
performance, even when working on very heavy models with thousands of
features or parts. Overall, 3DEXPERIENCE CATIA is a powerful and versatile
tool for creating complex designs with precision and ease.

1.1.2 Real-time collaboration

Effective collaboration is vital for every team, and 3DEXPERIENCE
CATIA offers a powerful database platform that enables colleagues, suppliers,
and external partners to work together more efficiently and seamlessly. This
results in shorter cycle times and fewer late changes, which can help streamline
the design process. With 3DEXPERIENCE CATIA, users can access and share
the latest version of their data, allowing different stakeholders to work in parallel
on the same project and save their modifications simultaneously. If necessary,
different stakeholders can have different access rights to the data, depending on
their role. For example, reviewers or providers can see only the parts they need
for their work and not the overall product, and they can have different levels of
access rights, such as read or modify. Managing all access rights is easy with the
platform, and adding external team members later is also straightforward thanks
to the platform's simple user and license management system. Overall,
3DEXPERIENCE CATIA offers an efficient and collaborative environment for
teams to work together and achieve their design goals.

1.1.3 Why choose 3DEXPERIENCE CATIA?

3DEXPERIENCE CATIA is a software solution that offers a great user
experience with its intuitive user interface and simple design tasks. Users can
make selections in 3D and receive user guidance, making the software easy to use
for both casual and expert users. The software also has advanced modelling
capabilities and provides fast and high-quality display, enabling users to work
with ease and efficiency. In addition, 3DEXPERIENCE CATIA is very quick to

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learn and master for existing CATIA V5 users, making the transition process
smoother. Users of all types can benefit from the software, with casual users
finding it easy to use, expert users being very productive, and existing CATIA V5
users experiencing higher productivity in solid and surface modelling. The
software also offers optional easy UI customization for further convenience.
Overall, 3DEXPERIENCE CATIA provides a great user experience that enhances
productivity and supports users of all levels.
1.2 TOOL BARS
Many standard toolbars are used in the different modes like sketcher mode
operational mode etc, In 3DEXPERIENCE CATIA software. Here we discuss the
tool bars used in sketcher with some examples.

1.2.1 Sketcher Work Bench Tool Bars

There are three standard tool bars found in the Sketcher Work Bench. The
three tool bars are shown below. The individual tools found in each of the three
tools are labelled to the right of the tool icon. Some tools have an arrow located
at the bottom right of the tool icon. The arrow is an indication that there is more
than one variation of that particular type of tool. The tools that have more than
one option are listed to the right of the default tool. To display the other tool
options, you must select and hold the left mouse button on the arrow as shown in

Figure1.1

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1.2.2 THE OPERATION TOOL BAR

• Profile Tool Bar

Figure 1.2 Profile Tool Bar

1.2.3 THE CONSTRAINTS TOOL BAR

Figure1.3 Constraints Tool Bar

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1.2.4 SPECIFYING THE WORK PLANE
The next step is to create a 2-dimensional profile of the part. The Sketcher
Work Bench is a two-dimensional (planar) work area. To use the Sketcher Work
Bench, you must specify which plane the profile is to be created on. Specifying,
the plane can be done several different ways.
ZX plane

Figure 1.4 Specifying the Work Plane

1.2 MODIFYING THE PROFILE USING CHAMFER

The Chamfer icon is also located in the Operations tool bar. This procedure
assumes you know what a chamfer is. The steps required to create a chamfer are
almost identical to creating a corner. Select the Chamfer icon.
The command prompt at the bottom left hand of the screen, will prompt
you with the following: “Select the first curve, or a common point”. For this
exercise select line 5. The next command prompt will ask you to “Select the
second curve”.

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 Figure 1.5 Chamfer Tool

1.3 CONSTRAINT

Figure 1.6 Sketch Constraining

This tool allows you to create individual constraints, one at a time. You
have already applied a constraint and may not even know it. The Anchor icon is
a constraint. The values attached to the Chamfer and Corner are constraints. To
apply Dimensional Constraints, complete the following steps:
1. Select the Constraint icon.
2. Select the line and/or Sketcher element to be constrained.

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 3.The Sketcher element will turn green (constraint symbol) along with the
appropriate dimension and box with the value in it. To re-locate the constraint
value, select the value box and drag the mouse to the desired location.
4. If the initial location of the constraint is not satisfactory re-select the
dimension and drag and drop it at the new location.
5. To edit the value of the constraint double click on the value box. This
will bring up the Constraint Definition pop up window shown in. This window
shows the existing value forth Sketcher element. This value can be edited by
typing the new value over the existing value. Then select OK or hit the Enter key.
The entities linked to the constraint will automatically be updated to the new
value.

6 If the constraint is between two different entities, such as lines, select the
first line and then the second line. 3DEXPERIENCE CATIA will constrain the
distance between the two entities. The constraint value will appear near the
constraint. To move the constraint value. For this lesson constrain your “L
Shaped Extrusion” like the one shown in Figure

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 1.4 LITERATURE SURVEY
1. C Rotaru, I Sprinţu-AIP Conference Proceedings, 2014: Explores the
dynamic characteristics of the combined aircraft-engine system using the general
theory of state variables for linear and nonlinear systems, with a focus on the
longitudinal and lateral directional state variable models.
2. Design and analysis of turbine blade Alugala sravan, 2021: Turbine
blade is the individual component which makes up the turbine section of a gas
turbine. The blades are responsible for extracting energy from the high temperature,
high pressure gas produced by the combustor. The turbine blades are often the
limiting component of gas turbines. To survive in this difficult environment, turbine
blades often use exotic materials like super alloys and many different methods of
cooling, such as internal air channels, boundary layer cooling, and thermal barrier
coatings.
3. H Richter, Springer, 2012: Describes the operational performance
requirements of commercial turbofan engines from a control systems perspective,
including industry-standard methods and research-edge advances.

4. Design of turboexpander for cryogenic applications by Subrata Kr.

Ghosh, N. Seshaiah, R. K. Sahoo, S. K. Sarangi focuses on design and development
of turbo expander. The paper briefly discusses the design methodology and the
fabrication drawings for the whole system, which includes the turbine wheel, nozzle,
diffuser, shaft, brake compressor, two types of bearing, and appropriate housing.
With this method, it is possible to design a turbo expander for any other fluid since
the fluid properties are properly taken care of in the relevant equations of the
design procedure.

5. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF STEAM TURBINE BLADES Mingy

Zhu, et al. 2019 With the wide application of turbomachinery and the continuous
advancement of design technology, steam turbine blade design technology has
become an important research field. The level of design is one of the most important
factors restricting the performance of steam turbines, which is related to the working
efficiency of the steam turbine. This paper systematically introduces the structure of
steam turbine blades, analyses the factors affecting blade operation and design
principles, and compares the design of traditional toothed blade root blades with the
optimization design of steam turbine blades after improved parameters. Finally,
finally, the future design of steam turbine blade is prospected. The application of
titanium alloy can greatly reduce the weight of the whole machine, improve the
thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the unit, and adapt to the higher temperature,
pressure, efficiency of the steam turbine. The trend of long-life development is much
costlier for power plants than for one-time inputs. Therefore, titanium alloy blades
will have broad application prospects on steam turbines.

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 1.5 FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
1.5.1 Scope of The Project

 Optimization of individual elements of different configurations can be

attempted.

 More sophisticated cycle configurations leading to higher plant

efficiency may be considered and studied.

 Level of NOx, SOx in the exhaust gas can be investigated.

 The effect inlet air-cooling through fogging and refrigeration

system may be studied.

1.5.2 Existing Design

Air is initially drawn into the engine through the inlet. This component may

include features to slow down and compress the incoming air. The incoming air is

then compressed by a series of axial or centrifugal compressors. Compressing the

air increases its pressure and temperature. After compression, fuel is injected into

the compressed air, and the mixture is ignited. The combustion process takes place

in this chamber, producing high-velocity, high-temperature exhaust gases. The high-

energy exhaust gases flow through a turbine, which is connected to the compressor

by a shaft. As the gases pass through the turbine, they drive the compressor,

maintaining the engine's operation. The exhaust gases exit the engine through a

nozzle, creating a high-speed jet of gases that generates thrust according to Newton's

9
third law of motion. Turbojet engines are known for their simplicity and are used in

some military aircraft and early generation jet airliners. They produce high exhaust

speeds but are less fuel-efficient compared to modern high-bypass turbofan engines.

Figure 1.7 existing turbojet engine design

1.5.3 MODIFIED DESIGN
A modified design of a turbojet engine could incorporate advanced

materials, such as composites, for reduced weight and improved efficiency.

Furthermore, aerodynamic enhancements in the compressor and turbine blades could

boost overall performance and fuel efficiency. Innovative combustion technologies,

like lean-burn systems, can reduce emissions. Noise-reduction techniques, such as

serrated exhaust nozzles, may also be integrated. These modifications collectively

aim to make turbojet engines more powerful, efficient, environmentally

friendly, and quieter.

10
Figure 1.8 modified design of turbojet engine

11
 1.6 CONCLUSION

In this work turbo-jet engine is designed by referring some of the

commercial engines which are currently using nowadays. Design is done by using

Catia V5. optimization of the turbine is done by increasing the number of blades.

From the comparison of the material for turbine blade, nickel alloy provides the

good technical parameters. Turbines are designed in CATIA V5. On this topic

there are very less literature available so we conducted this work the static

behavior of the engine which done by using steel material, people who are

working or doing research on turbo jet engine can go through this work.

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 1.7 REFERENCE
 Design and analysis of gas turbine blade by V Nagabhushana Rao, P
Vijaya Kumar, S. Hemaltha, I Mohan
 Rao – 2018 Volume 17 Issue 1
 Design and analysis of steam turbine rotor by M. Chandra Sekhar
Reddy - Volume 6, Issue 11, Nov 2015.
 Design and analysis of turbine blade by Alugala sravan, Mr. V. Srinu,
Dr. K. Vijay kumar, Dr. M. Sreedhar
 reddy Volume: 08 Issue: 03 Mar 2021
 Design and finite element analysis of turbine blade by Male Koteswara
Rao and DVSRBM Subhramanyam Sharma Volume: 04 Issue:1 DEC
2015
 Design and analysis of steam turbine blades by Mingyu Zhu - 2019
 Design and thermal analysis of steam turbine blade using fem method
by Buragummalab v Kishore and Nalli anil kumar – volume: 3,
issue: 5, May 2018
 Spittle, Peter. Gas turbine technology. Rolls-Royce plc, Coventry,
2003.
 Rolls Royce.. The Jet Engine, Renault Printing Co Ltd, Birmingham
1986.
 Boyce, Meherwan P.. Gas Turbine Engineering. Butterworth-
Heinemann, Waltham, fourth edition, 2012

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