1. Enumerate correct order of draw.

Blood Culture Tubes or Vials

Coagulation Tubes (Blue-Top Tubes)

Serum Tubes without Clot Activator or Gel (Red-Top tubes)

Serum Tubes with Clot Activator or Gel (Gold or Tiger Top Tubes)

Heparin Tubes (Green-Top Tubes)

EDTA Tubes (Lavender-Top Tubes)

Oxalate/Fluoride Tubes (Gray-Top Tubes)

2. Differentiate serum interferences and state biochemical tests affected by such.

Serum interferences include substances such as hemoglobin, lipids and bilirubin.

Accumulation of these substances in the will result in hemolysis, lipemia and icterus in the
plasma or serum respectively.

hemolysis- refers to the accumulation of red blood cells which result to the release if
hemoglobin and other intracellular components of plasma. The serum or plasma will appear red
to cherry red on color due to the release of hemoglobin. This phenomenon will affect different
biochemical tests which include increase in the level of potassium, lactate dehydrogenase,
SGOT, SGPT creatinine kinase, Iron, phosphatase, total protein albumin, magnesium, calcium
and alkaline phosphatase. On the other hand, values of Troponin T, Haptoglobin, Bilirubin,
Amylase, and Bicarbonate will be decreased due to hemolysis

Lipemia – This is referred to the increase amount of lipid or fats in the bloodstream which
causes the plasma or serum to appear turbid or milky. Tests that will be increased in the case of
lipemia are Bile acids, Direct Bilirubin, Total Iron Binding Capacity and Magnesium. However, it
will also cause a decreased in the values of Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Bicarbonate, and
Lactate Dehydrogenase.

Icterus – it refers to the increased amount of bilirubin present in the serum or plasma which
cause it to appear dark yellow to orange. This interference may be cause by hemolytic anemia,
jaundice or biliary tract obstruction in which there is an increase production of bilirubin or
altering the metabolism of bilirubin. Test that increase the value by the increase in bilirubin is
magnesium. Increased in the level of bilirubin also cause a decrease in the values of the
following; Cholesterol, Triglyceride, Creatinine, Bile acids, Lipase, Total protein, Uric acid,
Gamma glutamyl transferase.

3. How do you use a centrifuge?

Place the centrifuge on a firm, level surface
Prepare the samples that will be loaded in the centrifuge. check the label on the tube with the
information written in the request form
 Load the sample in the opposite each other of the centrifuge. If only one sample will be loaded, put
another tube on the opposite of the sample which will serve as a balancer. Remember that the
content of the tubes must be balance and is made of same material before placing them opposite
with one another.
Select/Enter the centrifugation speed then press start.
When the process is done, open the lid of the centrifuge only when the rotor has completely
stopped.
4. How do you use a micropipette?
Set the correct or desired volume of the pipette before attaching to the tip
Prepare the box containing the pipette tips. Select the appropriate tip in accordance with the volume
desired.
Attach the tip by inserting the shaft of the micropipette tip and pressing down firmly.
When aspirating for fluid, push the plunger of the micropipette to the first stop. Then, immerse the
tip below the fluid.
Release the plunger slowly, allowing the tip to be filled up
Dispense the fluid to the tube by placing the tip against the side of the tube and pushing the plunger
to first stop. Pause, then push the plunger up to the second stop to completely dispense the content
into the tube.
Remove and discard the micropipette tip using the tip ejector button into the waste bottle.