FPF1-ST-G00001-P-BOD-0002 - 0901ac658004d7ef

PROJECT: PROJECT NO: CLIENT: DOCUMENT NUMBER:
GREATER STELLA AREA JU11805D ITHACA ENERGY FPF1-ST-G00001-P-BOD-0002

DEVELOPMENT
DOCUMENT TITLE: ORIGINATOR: REV: DATE: PAGE NO
PIPING STRESS DESIGN BASIS Petrofac B07 03/07/2015 2 of 49
SHEETS INDEX AND REVISIONS
Rev. Section Revision Description
B06 5.7 Reference to Appendix E added

B06 Appendix-E Appendix E added
B07 5.7 Comment added about elevation of Acceleration data.
B07 Appendix-E Results removed from appendix and narrative reduced. Reference
made to report udertaken to review changes in Accelerations and
Deflections.
Note: Revision Table to be used on Post-AFD Issues
HOLDS
Hold No. Section Description


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ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviation Description
AFD Approved for Design
API American Petroleum Institute
ASL Above Sea Level
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
BS British Standards
CAPEX Capital Expenditure
CATS Central area Transmission System
CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics
DLF Dynamic Load Factor
DNV Det Norske Veritas
FPF1 Floating Production Facilities
GA General Arrangement
HP High Pressure
IFC Issued For Comments
IFR Issued For Review
IP Institute of Petroleum
LRFD Load Resistance and Factor Design
NB Nominal Bore
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association
PAU Pre-assembled Unit
PAR Pre-assembled Rack
P&ID Process & Instrumentation Diagram
PED The European Pressure Equipment Directive
PEL Petrofac Engineering Limited


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PSV Pressure Safety Valve
PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene
SI System International Units
SMTS Specified Minimum Tensile Strength
TP Tie-In Point
UK United Kingdom
WRC Welding Research Council


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CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................ 3
CONTENTS................................................................................................... 5
1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 8
1.1 Purpose ............................................................................................. 8
1.2 Scope ................................................................................................ 8
1.3 Order of Precedence ............................................................................. 9
1.4 General requirement............................................................................. 9
2 CODES, STANDARDS, REGULATIONS AND REFERENCES ................................... 10

2.1 Project Reference Documents ................................................................ 10
2.2 Codes, Standards and Regulations ............................................................ 11
2.3 Rules and Regulations ........................................................................... 12
2.4 Work Instructions ................................................................................ 12
3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................... 13
4 COMPUTER PIPING STRESS ANALYSIS REQUIRMENT CRITERIA............................ 14

4.1 General ............................................................................................ 14
4.2 Stress Critical Line List ......................................................................... 14
4.3 Hand Calculations ................................................................................ 15
4.4 Comprehensive Analysis ........................................................................ 15
4.5 System Units ...................................................................................... 16
5 PIPING DESIGN CONDITIONS .................................................................... 17

5.1 Pressure Effects .................................................................................. 17
5.2 Thermal Effects .................................................................................. 17
5.3 Weight Effects .................................................................................... 18
5.4 Hydrotest Loads .................................................................................. 18
5.5 Friction Effects ................................................................................... 19
5.6 Wind Loads ........................................................................................ 19

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5.7 Inertial Loads due to Vessel Motions ......................................................... 20

5.8 Safety Valves ..................................................................................... 21
5.9 Slug Effects........................................................................................ 21
5.10 Surge Effects ...................................................................................... 22
5.11 Design Life ........................................................................................ 22
5.12 Seismic Data ...................................................................................... 22
5.13 Ice/Snow Data .................................................................................... 22
6 STRUCTURAL DEFLECTIONS .................................................................... 23

6.1 Structural Deflections due to wave Inertia Loading ....................................... 23
6.2 Comprehensive Calculations (Level 3) ....................................................... 23
6.3 Approximate Calculations (Level 1 & 2) ..................................................... 23
6.4 Packages ........................................................................................... 23
6.5 Structural Deflection Spreadsheet ........................................................... 24
7 FLANGE LEAKAGE EVALUATION ............................................................... 25
8 FATIGUE ANALYSIS ............................................................................... 26
9 BLAST LOADING ANALYSIS ...................................................................... 28
10 NATURAL FREQUENCY .......................................................................... 29
11 ALLOWABLE LOADS .............................................................................. 30

11.1 New Equipment .................................................................................. 30
11.2 Existing Equipment .............................................................................. 30
11.3 Package Units ..................................................................................... 30
12 ALLOWABLE STRESSES FOR PIPING MATERIALS............................................. 31
13 PIPE SUPPORTS ................................................................................... 32
14 INTERFACE INFORMATION ...................................................................... 34

14.1 Supporting at Interface ......................................................................... 34
14.2 Exchange of Stress Isometrics ................................................................. 34
15 RESULTS OF PIPING STRESS ANALYSIS ....................................................... 35


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15.1 Combined Load Cases: .......................................................................... 36
16 STRESS REPORT DOCUMENTATION ............................................................ 37

16.1 Level 3 Critical Lines ............................................................................ 37
16.2 Level 1 and 2 Critical Lines .................................................................... 37
16.3 Stress Isometrics ................................................................................. 38
APPENDIX-A PIPE STRESS CRITICALITY RATING ..................................................... 39
APPENDIX-B ‘ON STATION’ LOAD CASE COMBINATION ............................................. 43
APPENDIX-C LIQUID SLUG LOAD CASE COMBINATIONS ............................................. 46
APPENDIX-D BLAST ANALYSIS LOAD CASE COMBINATIONS ........................................ 47
APPENDIX-E BASIS OF MOTIONS AND ACCELERATIONS ............................................. 49


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1 INTRODUCTION
The Greater Stella Area Development consists of three fields:-
 The Stella field which will produce both a rich gas condensate and black oil.
 The Harrier field which will produce gas condensate.
 The Hurricane field which will produce volatile oil.
The Stella and Harrier fields are located in the Central North Sea within the UK
block30/6a. The Hurricane field is located in UK block 29/10b, approximately
10 km west of the Stella field.
The FPF1 floating production vessel is being refurbished and upgraded after
more than 30 years of operation in the North Sea to receive and process the
reservoir fluids from each of the three fields. The FPF1 will be located
approximately 1.8 km south east of the Stella Main Drill Centre. The Stella
fields will be tied back to the FPF1 via subsea manifolds. The Harrier field will
be tied-back to the main Stella manifold and then tied back to the FPF1. The
Hurricane field, when developed, will be tied directly back to the FPF1.
Oil from the FPF1 will be exported to the Forties system and gas to CATS
system.
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this document is to define the scope, codes & standards,
software, parameters, criteria, methodology, loads to be considered,
calculations and documentation to be done for the stress analysis of stress
critical piping within the plant confines for the Stella FPF1 topsides facilities
of Greater Stella Area Development Project.
1.2 Scope
The criteria defined in this specification shall be used for the identification and
selection of stress critical lines, the type and degree of analysis required and
the procedures to be used for qualification of Piping Systems, in order to
provide safe and economical piping arrangements for the specified design life of
the plant.
Implementation of the criteria and procedures defined in this specification shall
be the responsibility of the Lead Stress Engineer and associated Pipe Stress
Group. The specification shall be used as a minimum standard and does not
seek to prohibit the use of sound engineering judgment based on experience.

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To avoid continuous revisions of this document a series of work instructions

delivered in email format will supplement this document in order to clarify
technical queries or the application of stress software as the Project progresses.
1.3 Order of Precedence
1. Government Regulations
2. Project Specific Specs.
3. British Standards
4. International Codes and Standards
5. Company Design Practices and Standards
PEL Piping layout engineering group shall review the above Codes and standards
for suitability to the project and develop the project specific documents
accordingly.
1.4 General requirement
The layout will be developed to provide a safe operable plant that maximises
the available topsides space and minimizes CAPEX.

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2 CODES, STANDARDS, REGULATIONS AND REFERENCES

2.1 Project Reference Documents
The following project specific specifications and procedures shall be read in
conjunction with these documents:
[1] FPF1-ST-G00001-P-BOD-0001 Piping and Layout Design Basis
[2] FPF1-ST-G00001-M-SPE-0003 Environmental, Vessel Motion and Utility
Data
[3] FPF1-ST-G00001-S-BOD-0001 Structural Design Premise
[4] FPF1-ST-G00001-P-SPE-0001 Piping Material Classes
[5] FPF1-ST-G00001-P-LST-0001 Stress Critical Line List
[6] FPF1-ST-G00001-M-SPE-0001 Specification for Mechanical Packages
[7] FPF1-ST-G00001-M-SPE-0004 Specification for Unfired Pressure Vessels
[8] FPF1-ST-G00001-X-STU-0011 Blast & Gas Dispersion CFD Study Report
[9] FPF1-ST-G00001-P-TEN-0001 Simplified Fatigue Assessment for Semi-
Submersible Piping Stress Calculations
[10] FPF1-ST-G00001-P-TEN-0002 Structural Strain Deflections For Piping
Stress
[11] FPF1-ST-G00001-X-TEN-0008 Technical Note – Blast Criticality Equipment
Criteria
[12] FPF1-ST-G00001-S-REP-0014 Final Motion and Acceleration Analysis
[13] FPF1-ST-G00001-Z-BOD-0001 Project Design Basis
[14] FPF1-ST-G00001-P-REP-2000 Report on the review of the latest
Deflection and Acceleration data

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2.2 Codes, Standards and Regulations

The Piping arrangements and stress analysis shall be in accordance with the
requirements specified in the appropriate edition of the relevant design Codes
and Standards. These will include but not be limited to those listed in the Table
below. The revision and date of the Codes and Standards shall be that which
were valid when the Contract for the project was signed, as stated in the
Project Design Basis, Reference [13].
ASME B31.1 Power Piping
ASME B31.3 Process Piping
ASME B31.8 Gas Transportation and Distribution Piping Systems
ASME Section VIII Division Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels

1&2
PD 5500 Unfired Fusion Welded Pressure Vessels
DNV-OS-C103 Design of Offshore and Steel Structures, General

(LRFD Method)
DNV RP-C203 Fatigue Strength Analysis for Mobile Offshore Units
BS 6399 Loading for Buildings Part 2 Code of Practice for Wind

Loads
API 610 Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and

Natural Gas Industries
API 617 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expanders

Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical & Gas Industry
Services
API 618 Reciprocating Compressors for Petroleum, Chemical

& Gas Industry Services
API 660 Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Service
API 6AF Technical Report on Capabilities of API Flanges Under

Combinations of Load
API RP-520 Recommended Practice for Design of Pressure

Relieving Systems

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ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Fittings
ASME Section III, Division Flange Leakage Check

1, NC-3658.3
WRC 107 Local Stress in Spherical and Cylindrical Shells due to

External Loading. Supplement WRC 297
DNV-RP-D101 Structural Analysis of Piping Systems
API RP 14A Recommended practice for design and installation of

offshore platform piping systems.
IP 15 Area classification code for petroleum installations.
Directive 97/23/EC The European Pressure Equipment Directive
2.3 Rules and Regulations

LLOYDS REGISTER Rules & regulations for classification of a Floating Offshore
Installation at a fixed location, April 2008
2.4 Work Instructions
Where necessary FPF1 Project Work Instructions may be produced to
compliment this Design Basis and shall be used to clarify and assist the Engineer
in the implementation of this Design Basis.
The FPF1 Project Work Instructions shall be included as part of the final Stress
Report.

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3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Piping systems may be subjected to many diverse types of loadings. Stresses
due to pressure, weight of piping components, fluid, thermal expansion and
contraction, structural deflections, wind, snow and accelerations can be
significant in the stress analysis of piping systems. Generally most piping
movements are associated with thermal expansion, but all the above mentioned
loads shall be taken into consideration during stress analysis.
The piping system shall be adequately flexible and where possible this should be
achieved by the natural flexibility of the piping layout. If necessary the piping
route should be modified or expansion loops incorporated to achieve sufficient
flexibility. Only in extreme cases where it is not possible to obtain flexibility of
the piping shall expansion joints or similar be considered and this must be with
the approval of the client. Bellows expansion joints shall not be installed in
piping systems that are subject to water hammer or pressure surge.
When carrying out stress analysis the most onerous process design conditions
shall be considered. Engineering judgment shall be used to decide the worst
practical load case combination to be analysed. Process conditions that give
rise to pressure surge, impulse loading and or two phase flow must be taken into
consideration.
Piping connected to rotating equipment such as compressors, turbines and
pumps shall be flexible to ensure that the piping loads transmitted to the
equipment, under all operating cases, does not exceed the allowable.
Boundary conditions at suppliers or client interfaces must be clearly defined
before detail commencement of stress analysis. This should include, but not be
limited, to displacements, forces and pipe support provisions at the boundary.

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4 COMPUTER PIPING STRESS ANALYSIS REQUIRMENT CRITERIA

4.1 General
Piping systems will be designed in accordance with the requirements of ASME
B31.3 and in compliance with the European Pressure Equipment Directive.
They will be analysed for expansion, contraction, vessel deck deflections,
structural displacement, relief valve reaction, liquid slugs, surge effect, for the
effects due to weight, wind, accelerations and other mechanical loadings based
on applicable piping codes, Project Specification and Company General
Specifications.
The analyses of piping layouts to determine the reactions produced at anchors
and terminal points, and stresses in the piping will be determined by the
individual consideration of each line affected by restraints (temperature,
imposed displacements etc.). Depending on the criticality of the line, the
methods to be used will be either hand calculation or computer analysis.
In general, formal computer analysis shall be performed for level 3 critical lines.
However, after having reviewed a particular piping layout, the piping stress
engineer may apply engineering judgment and past experience to qualify that
piping system by simple calculation using nomograph charts, or by visual
inspection method.
A stress calculation need not be performed on piping systems that meet one of
the following requirements:
i) Piping systems which are duplicates, or are revised without significant
changes of successfully operations (ASME B31.3, Paragraph 319.4.1 (a)).
ii) Piping systems which can be readily judged adequate by comparison with
previously analysed systems (ASME B31.3, Paragraph 319.4.1 (b)).
Caesar II (version 5.30) piping flexibility software shall be used for piping system
formal stress analysis calculations, unless otherwise directed by the lead stress
engineer.
4.2 Stress Critical Line List
A Stress Critical Line List including all lines to be reviewed by stress engineer
will be issued (Reference [5]).
These lines are selected according to the diagram and categorized according to
the criteria listed in Appendix A.

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This diagram is a starting point for the selection of lines according to design
temperature. Other criteria will be taken into account in order to determine
the checking level (lines not having enough flexibility, special equipment…)
The level requirements and method of analysis are defined as follows:
Level 1
Lines in this category shall be analysed by approximate method or by visual
inspection or by comparison to other calculated lines, or lines clearly possessing
adequate flexibility.
If not, these lines will be reclassified as level 2 or 3.
No values of forces and moments acting on support will be given for level 1
analysis.
Level 2
Lines in this category will be analysed using simple analysis such as charts,
cantilever method or nomographs providing that they are used in the range of
configuration for which they are accurate.
In case of doubt, a line shall be reclassified as level 3, and a comprehensive
analysis performed.
The result of a level 2 analysis may show only the calculation isometric, or in a
simplified report including an isometric with type of supports and Caesar II
Output Restraint Summary.
Level 3
Comprehensive method by computer program that meets the requirements of
the piping code. A complete calculation report will be issued.
4.3 Hand Calculations
All above mentioned lines in section 4.2 “level 1 and 2” shall be checked by
piping stress and or supporting engineers. Hand calculations shall be used to
verify that enough inherent flexibility exists in the piping systems to prevent
excessive thrusts, stresses and distortion.
4.4 Comprehensive Analysis
The following conditions shall indicate the requirements of a comprehensive
stress analysis (level 3):
a) Thermal or displacement stresses requires accurate evaluation.
b) Restraint reactions or accurate evaluation of nozzle loads for strain
sensitive equipment.

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c) Piping subjected to rack sway, dynamic excitation such as vibration,

impulse loads due to slug flow, relief valves, rupture discs, deck and
structural displacement due to inertia accelerations.
4.5 System Units
The Units to be used for calculations shall be The International System of Units,
commonly referred to as SI Units. Where a formulae expressed in Imperial Units
is used, the final answer must be converted to SI Units.
The following system of units should be used:
Force in kilo Newton [kN]
Moments in kilo Newton-metre [kN.m]
Stresses in 106 Pascal [MPa]
Pressure in Bar [Barg]
Temperature in degree Celsius [°C]
Movements in millimetres [mm]
Nominal pipe size, NB [Inch]
Lengths in millimetres [mm]

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5 PIPING DESIGN CONDITIONS

5.1 Pressure Effects
All piping systems shall be analysed using the design pressure specified in the
Process Line List. For piping systems containing standard forged bends the
Bourdon pressure effects box in Caesar II should be set to include translational
effects only. When other types of bends, which could be subject to ovality, are
used the Bourdon pressure effects box should be set to include translational and
rotational effect.
5.2 Thermal Effects
ASME B31.3 Code requires a check of the "displacement stress range" including
stresses induced by both temperature and supports displacements.
Expansion data shall be calculated based on the following:
5.2.1 Erection Temperature
From Environmental Data Reference [2],
Minimum air temperature: -10°C
Maximum air temperature: +26°C
Solar radiation temperature: +60°C
Piping installation temperature: +5°C
5.2.2 Temperature Effects
Base temperature for flexibility calculations shall be the Design Temperature.
Temperatures for the occasional conditions such as start-up, shutdown,
depressurise and other special conditions shall also be taken into account, if
relevant. These temperatures shall be taken from the process and utilities lines
list.
For nozzle load on rotating equipment and air fin cooler, maximum operating
temperature indicated on the process and utilities lines will be used.
For non-flow, non-insulated lines with long length, solar heating temperature
will be taken into account when operating temperature is lower than solar
heating temperature. This will include consideration for the transportation
phase.
For lines which do not have flow, such as piping connected to spare pumps, by-
passes, etc.:
 Insulated line: 50% of operating temperature of the line.


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 Non-insulated line: Installation temperature.
 In case that spare pumps has a warm-up by-pass: 70% of operating

temperature of the line.
 Max. operating temperature will be used for spring support design.

Lines subjected to dual design temperature (both above and below installation
temperature): thermal effects will be considered with the full thermal range.
5.3 Weight Effects
5.3.1 Dead Loads
These loads include the weight of:
 Pipe
 Insulation & Snow
 Other superimposed loads: permanent loads supported by the piping (valves,
flanges,)
The vertical pipe deflection under permanent loads shall be limited to 6mm.
Where appropriate, mid-points in long pipe runs in the Caesar calculation model
shall be provided for reporting the Code calculated stress.
5.3.2 Live Loads
These loads include:
 Weight of transported fluid

 Occasional loads
 Dynamic loads of transported fluid (mass velocity, surge, and slug, etc.).
The horizontal pipe deflections under occasional loads shall be limited to 20mm.
5.4 Hydrotest Loads
The sustained loads due to the weight of water required for hydrotest shall be
accounted for in the pipe support design and stress evaluation.
Hydrostatic test calculation is only required for empty operating lines which will
be tested full of water.
Hydrostatic test pressure is taken from Process Line List or shall be calculated in
accordance with paragraph 345.4.2 of ASME B31.3.
The vertical pipe deflection under hydrotest loads shall be limited to 12mm.

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5.5 Friction Effects

All contact surfaces are directly affected by surface friction. The factors
affecting the coefficient of surface friction will depend on the condition of the
surfaces in contact and the materials involve. In general the highest frictional
loads will occur during start up, mainly because of thermal displacement and
will diminish with time. The reverse will occur at plant shutdown.
In general the coefficient of friction (μ) at contact surfaces shall be taken as
follows:
Surfaces Friction Factor
Steel to Steel 0.3
Steel to Polyethylene 0.2
Steel to PTFE 0.1
PTFE to PTFE shall not be used.
Calculations with restraints modelled without friction shall be run on a case by
case basis e.g. piping to/from compressor nozzles, or other strain sensitive
equipment to verify the effect of restraint gaps, or where the effects of gravity
may be momentarily compensated by wave inertia (vessel heave).
5.6 Wind Loads
The effect of wind loading shall be considered on exposed pipe runs. The wind
speed to be used shall be based on the most severe Extreme Wind Data for 100
Year Return Period for a 3 second gust speed. (DNV Classification Notes No.
30.5 Table 2.1).
From Table 2.3 in the Environmental, Vessel and Utility Data Reference [2], the
Wind Speed for 100 year Return Period @ 3 second gust, Extreme Wind = 48.4
m/s @ 10 meters ASL.
Wind Shape Factor = 0.7 (for CAESAR II input)
Wind density, ρ = 1.225 kg/m3
No shielding will be used in analysis.
For all areas including pipe-rack, the ‘on station’ wind values are as per Table
5.1.

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Table 5.1
PDMS Height (meters) Wind Speed Wind Pressure(N/m²),

Co-ordinate from normal draft (m/s) q = ½ ρ(Vtz)2
85673 to 95673 0 to 10 48.4 1434
105673 20 53.0 1720
115673 30 55.7 1900
125673 40 57.6 2032
135673 50 59.0 2132
185673 100 63.7 2485
5.7 Inertial Loads due to Vessel Motions

Due to vessel motions, the following inertia accelerations are to be used and
shall be considered in the piping stress analysis (as appropriate). The data has
been extracted from Reference [12]. Values specified for ‘Operation’ are the
most onerous values obtained from 10yr, 1yr & Transit cases. Values specified
for ‘Survival’ are the most onerous values obtained from 100yr & 10000yr cases.
Values are the most onerous of those at Main deck level and those at 10m above
the Main deck. The axis definition is defined in accordance with the Caesar
II/PDMS axis system used for the Project.
The values shown in brackets in Table 5.2 & Table 5.3 are the original values
that have been used in the analyses. Factors specified in cases L12, L13 & L14
of Appendix B are based upon the original values. For further details refer to
the Appendix E.
Table 5.2 Acceleration data for above deck locations:
Operation Survival
Motion PDMS
m/s2 g m/s2 g
Sway X 2.82 (2.94) 0.287 (0.300) 3.60 (4.13) 0.367 (0.421)
Surge Y 2.47 (2.94) 0.252 (0.300) 2.95 (4.32) 0.301 (0.440)
Heave Z -3.80 (-2.12) -0.387 (-0.216) -5.16 (-3.11) -0.526 (-0.317)
Values in bracket are original values used for analyses.


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Table 5.3 Acceleration data for Flare boom tip:
Operation Survival
Motion PDMS
m/ s2 g m/ s2 g
Sway X 4.44 (3.46) 0.453 (0.353) 5.70 (5.15) 0.581 (0.525)
Surge Y 4.28 (3.64) 0.436 (0.371) 4.98 (5.33) 0.508 (0.543)
Heave Z -4.00 (-2.49) -0.408 (-0.254) -4.85 (-3.62) -0.494 (-0.369)
Values in brackets are original values used for analyses.

5.8 Safety Valves
Forces due to valve discharge will be calculated in accordance with ASME B31.1
Appendix II or API 520. The reaction forces for liquid and gas relief shall be
calculated using the relevant formula and applied as an external load on the
piping system. A DLF of 2 should be used.
The velocity and density shall be provided by the Process Group.
If available, data could also be taken from the Instrument Relief Valve data
sheet.
5.9 Slug Effects
Pipe subjected to slugging due to two-phase flow, will be identified by the
Process Group and indicated on Process Line List. Slug force will be applied at
changes of fluid direction (Bends or Tees) to determine pipe support loads and
stresses.
The fluid slug density & fluid slug velocity for the lines subject to slug effect
shall be provided by Flow Assurance Group.
Pipe supports shall be designed by Pipe Support Group / Structural Group to
withstand these loads. A DLF of 2 should be used.
Fatigue shall be calculated for piping systems subject to slug loading where a
high number of slugging cycles are anticipated.
Load case combinations for slug loading are given in Appendix C. These
combinations are guidelines and shall be formulated depending on specific
requirements.

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5.10 Surge Effects

Surge effects (loads generated by overpressure in pipes due to water hammer),
shall be analysed based on process data. The lines concerned shall be identified
on the Process Line List.
A static stress analysis shall be performed in which the forces due to pressure
surge are applied at appropriate locations (changes of direction). A DLF of 2
should be used.
Supports to withstand these loads shall be designed by Pipe Support / Structural
Group.
5.10.1 High Frequency Acoustic Excitation
The potential for high levels of high frequency acoustic energy generated by
pressure reducing devices such as relief valves, control valves and orifice plates
shall be evaluated. System isometrics of the appropriate safety related systems
(i.e. relief and blowdown lines), for analysis shall be prepared by piping design
and submitted to a nominated third party specialist to review for potential signs
of acoustic fatigue.
5.11 Design Life
The design life of the facility will be 15 years.
5.12 Seismic Data
The Vessel is not located in a region of seismic activity.
5.13 Ice/Snow Data
Consider icing loads from frozen snow on all exposed vertical pipes (insulated
and un-insulated) piping. Use ice density of 900kg/m3 and ice thickness of
25mm.
Consider snow loads on all exposed vertical and horizontal surfaces as follows:
Vertical surface max thickness = 40 mm
Vertical surface snow density = 500 kg/m3
Horizontal surface max thickness = 200 mm
Horizontal surface snow density = 100 kg/m3
The pipe outside diameter shall be used to calculate the uniform load in units of
weight & length.

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6 STRUCTURAL DEFLECTIONS
6.1 Structural Deflections due to wave Inertia Loading
The marine data indicates there are longitudinal, transverse and vertical deck
displacements on FPF1 due to the vessels response to wave loading when ‘On
Station’. Relative displacement values for ‘plus’ sea and ‘minus’ sea are given
at the sixteen structural column line intersections. These are also given for
eight different sea directions.
6.2 Comprehensive Calculations (Level 3)
Minima and maxima structural displacements at restraint locations will need to
be applied, where appropriate, in comprehensive (computer) calculations to
evaluate fatigue stress levels. These displacements must be applied to verify
stress range compliance with ASME B31.3 Code allowable stress and for fatigue
evaluation.
Displacements shall also be applied to evaluate equipment and piping restraint
loading.
The structural displacements will be applied at all equipment anchors and
guides, and at the centre line of all pipe supports/restraints.
6.3 Approximate Calculations (Level 1 & 2)
Where lines are verified by inspection or approximate methods are implemented
i.e. category level 1 and 2 lines, adequate flexibility must be included in the
system to account for thermal growth and deflection due to wave inertia
loading. The required flexibility may be determined using Caesar II, manual
calculation method, or by engineering judgment.
Where structure sway is estimated a lateral displacement of H/300 or H/200
may be used as directed by the structural department where H = Elevation of
the pipe above/below the deck that the structure is attached. This value
includes displacement due to all loading including inertia but the deck strain
displacements pertaining to the deck level that the structure is attached to will
need to be added.
6.4 Packages
No differential displacements due to deck deflections shall be considered where
piping is wholly contained within a PAU, or single skid package, but the
differential displacement between the restraint at the package limit and first
restraint for all the continuation piping from that PAU or package must be
considered.

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Where a structure is included as an integral part of the package to support

piping, consideration must be given for differential displacements for piping
traversing between the structure and the FPF1 deck level.
6.5 Structural Deflection Spreadsheet
A spreadsheet has been derived to interpolate the FPF1 structural deflections
and thus simplify the derivation of specific strain values to be used in the pipe
stress calculations.
For details pertaining to the analysis of marine data, spreadsheet development
and validation refer to Reference [10].
Where appropriate, structural displacements shall be acquired direct from the
structural department on a case by case basis.
For specific guidance on when and how to apply differential deck deflections
refer to the relevant FPF1 Project Work Instruction.

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7 FLANGE LEAKAGE EVALUATION

For piping with flange joints, the most loaded flange shall be checked against
risk of leakage according to the criteria specified below.
i) Where screening of all ASME B16.5 flange hub welds on a given stress system
indicates that the bending stress ≤ 40MPa for all applicable load cases, then
no further flange leakage evaluation is required.
ii) For bending stress levels > 40MPa, a flange check shall be performed
according to the requirements of ASME Section III, Division 1, NC-3658.3,
providing that the bolting material has an allowable stress at 38°C not less
than 138MPa. Otherwise a complete calculation of the flange will be
required according to the requirements of ASME VIII Division 1, Appendix 2.
iii) Where ‘Low Stress Type’ gaskets are specified for raised face flanged joints
in all line classes incorporating Class 150 flanges, the minimum seating stress
shall be 34 N/mm2.
iv) Where Copper Nickel flanges are specified they must be checked in
accordance with the requirements of ASME VIII Division 1, Appendix 2.
v) For API flanges, external combined bending moment and axial force shall be
compared and kept within the allowable given in API 6AF.
Guidelines for using electronic spreadsheets developed to assist flange leakage
analysis can be found in the appropriate FPF1 Project Work Instruction.

DEVELOPMENT
8 FATIGUE ANALYSIS
The FPF1 process piping will be subject to common static loading regimes such
as pressure, temperature and displacements. It will also be subjected to
irregular marine cyclic regimes resulting from the vessel motion induced by
wave action when ‘On station’ and during ‘Transit’.
The dynamic nature of these marine load regimes can generate a fatigue
environment. Piping systems must be engineered to operate satisfactorily
through all such conditions for the entire service life of the installation. Hence,
the FPF1 topside piping installation is required to be assessed for not only the
common static load conditions but also for fatigue life damage due to the
dynamic operating environment.
Where a piping system is subjected to two or more fatigue sources potentially
resulting in significant stresses, the ASME B31.3 code acknowledges limitations
in defining a suitable method to address the required load combinations.
The industry has therefore widely adopted a simplified method defined in the BS
Vessel Design Code PD5500 Annex C for low frequency events and DNV-OS-
C103/DNV RP-C203 for high cyclic events.
Low Cycle Fatigue
The low cycle fatigue allowable for the survival condition and thermal cycles is
calculated in accordance with PD5500 Annex C.
The load variation cases formulated for the low frequency events include
thermal stress range, range value for combined response accelerations
(Operating and 100 year), and the corresponding value for deck strain plus
structure/rack inertia displacements.
For FPF1 there is no low cycle consideration requirement for loading/offloading
effects.
High Cycle Fatigue
The high cycle fatigue allowable stress is calculated in accordance with DNV RP-
C203.
The load variation events considered are those related to vessel inertia
responses as waves continuously run against the vessel pontoons which include
the range value for combined response accelerations and the corresponding
value for deck strain plus structure/rack inertia displacements.

DEVELOPMENT
Transit Consideration
Due to the harsh sea state in the ‘Stella’ area, no specific ‘Transit’ case will be
evaluated. It is also anticipated that the ‘tow out’ will be planned for calm
weather conditions. The anticipated additional wave cycles in the transit phase
contributing to the damage will however be included in the high cycle fatigue
allowable stress calculation.
Weibull Shape Distribution Parameter
This parameter is required to calculate the high cycle allowable stress
calculated in accordance with DNV RP-C203, and gives a distribution for which
the failure rate is proportional to a power of time. The value used takes into
account the vessels response to inertia loading from a variety of wave directions
which are reported at different locations on the vessel. The Weibull shape
parameter value used is 1.1 in accordance with DNV-OS-C103 section 5,
Paragraph B402.
Cumulative Damage Assessment
For topsides piping subject to comprehensive (Caesar-II) calculations the
allowable damage ratio of 1.0 is distributed between continual wave effects,
thermal cycling and survival condition. These damage ratios are then
incorporated in the fatigue allowable stress equations as described above thus
establishing the respective limiting stress value.
Fatigue Allowable Stress Calculations
Refer to Reference [9] for the calculated fatigue allowable stress to be used for
the low cycle and high cycle stress check.

DEVELOPMENT
9 BLAST LOADING ANALYSIS
 Blast load on piping systems shall be modelled as a “wind pressure” and

applied bidirectional along horizontal and vertical directions, X, Y, or Z on
the specified pipes.
 The allowable stresses for piping systems will be 3 x Sh or 2 x Sp0.2 at design

temperature.
 For pipe supports loads shall be reported with combined pressure, weight
and operating temperature.
 Stress Intensification Factor (SIF) = 1 for bends & tees.
 Supports (piping supports and structures) shall be designed to withstand

these loads and restraint loads shall be transmitted to the structural
department.
 Where applicable displacements due to permanent deformation of the

structure shall be incorporated into the calculations.
 “Hold down” will be systematically installed on the piping supports of these

lines.
 No friction shall be applied at supports or restraints in blast load

calculations.
 Piping systems to be subjected to blast pressure with their associated blast

rating are identified in document Reference [11].
 Application of blast pressure to piping is to be based on FABIG guidelines.
Specific guidelines for application of blast loads on piping can be found in the
appropriate FPF1 Project Work instruction.

DEVELOPMENT
10 NATURAL FREQUENCY
A modal analysis of all piping systems subject to a category ‘level 3’ stress
calculations shall be performed to minimize the possibility of the system
inducing low frequency vibration.
The following lowest natural frequency shall be achieved wherever possible:
Normal target frequency to be ≥ 4Hz,
Systems subject to two phase flow ≥ 5Hz.
Where a system requires large expansion loops and the target frequency is
unrealistic to achieve, aim for ≥ 2Hz.
To avoid resonance in lines connected to sensitive equipment subject to
vibration the natural frequency shall be limited to less than 2/3 or more than 2
times the excitation frequency of the machine.

DEVELOPMENT
11 ALLOWABLE LOADS
11.1 New Equipment
The allowable forces and moments for nozzles on new pressure vessels and shell
& tube exchangers shall comply with the specification (Reference [7]) of this
document. The inertia load contribution of the piping system in response to
wave effects shall also comply with the criteria specified in Appendix ‘B’ of
Reference [2].
When these loads are exceeded and a piping re-route is not appropriate, loads &
moments shall be submitted to the equipment vendor for acceptance. It should
be noted to the vendor that loads are calculated with nozzles modelled as
“fixed” which is a very conservative approach. When nozzle flexibilities are
used, stiffness values will also be transmitted to the vendor.
The following minimum required static & rotating equipment nozzle loads shall
apply to vendors purchase orders:
 2 times API 610, Table 2, for centrifugal pumps
 Per API 617 Annex 2E.2 for centrifugal compressors. Export gas compressors
to be 6 times NEMA.
 2 times API 662, Table 2, for plate heat exchangers

11.2 Existing Equipment
Where existing vessels, exchangers or other static & rotating equipment are to
be re-used allowable loads and moments shall be acquired from existing data
sheets or drawings.
11.3 Package Units
Anchor loads on packages terminations shall be in accordance with Reference
[6] Appendix ‘A’
Where existing vessels, exchangers and all other static & rotating equipment are
to be re-used allowable loads and moments shall be acquired from existing data
sheets or drawings.

DEVELOPMENT
12 ALLOWABLE STRESSES FOR PIPING MATERIALS

Basic allowable stress values shall be taken from ASME B31.3, Table A-1. Where
allowable stress values are not listed for a particular type of material the
manufacturer or supplier of the material shall provide a data sheet with the
mechanical properties. The allowable stress shall then be calculated by the
stress engineer in accordance with ASME B31.3
Allowable stress values for each calculated stress shall be taken as the
following:
(1) Sum of Longitudinal Stress (Primary Stress): SL
SL < ShW
(2) Displacement Stress Range (Secondary Stress): SE
SE < SA
(3) Allowable Displacement Stress Range: SA
SA = ƒ [1.25SC + 0.25SH]
FPF1 structural displacements imposed on the piping system due to normal wave
and 100 year waves are cyclic and shall be taken in to account.
The factor (ƒ) shall be taken as 1.0 in normal operating conditions.
As defined in B31.3 paragraph 302.3.6 (a) ‘The sum of the longitudinal stresses,
SL, due to sustained loads such as pressure and weight, and the stresses
produced by occasional loads such as wind or earthquake may be as much as
1.33 times the basic allowable stress SC given in Appendix ‘A’.
The liberal allowable stress shall not be used except in cases with special
consideration, approved by the lead stress engineer.
The PED regulations specify lower allowable displacement stresses than ASME
B31.3 for certain materials at elevated temperatures. For details of the extent
of application for this project, refer to the appropriate FPF1 Project Working
Instruction.

DEVELOPMENT
13 PIPE SUPPORTS
Pipe Supports Design
 The initial support location & restraint function shall at least be indicated on
the Stress Isometric for critical lines (level 3 & 2).
 The pipe support engineer shall review Piping Isometrics for low critical lines
(level 1) and to confirm the support location & function. The isometrics
shall be signed off by the stress engineer. Those lines connected to
vessels/strain sensitive equipment and subject to deck strain and/or
structure sway shall be given particular attention.
All Spring Supports as selected by Stress Group, to be detailed on a “spring data
sheet”. All fields to be completed to enable vendor design & fabrication.
Pipe Supports Loads
All pipe support loads are to be transmitted to the Structural Group in
accordance with the relevant Project Work Instruction and will include one of
the following.
 Stress Isometric & Caesar II Support Load Summary
 Piping GA/Layout (Rack Piping preliminary & final)

Pipe Supports will select the standard pipe support components and any
ancillary steel to be designed by the fabrication yard. Three load cases will be
considered when designing the ancillary steel (Operating, 100 year loads and
Blast loads).
PTFE Supports
The use of PTFE is to be considered where low friction resistance is required at
support locations to reduce loading.
Pipe Support Selection
The 1st and possibly 2nd support on Rotating Equipment, Pumps/Compressors
should be an adjustable type as specified by stress.
Spring Supports
Spring supports are to be avoided if possible, especially near heavy valves.
Control sets should be solidly supported and necessary pipe rerouted to
accommodate this philosophy. Spring supports shall be designed for operating
conditions but the spring range shall satisfy the maximum/minimum design case.

DEVELOPMENT
Hangers Supports
Use of pipe Hangers is prohibited.
Pipe Supports on Stress Sketch
Pipe supports designation must be written on the stress sketch: i.e. Hold down,
guide, spring hanger, adjustable support and temporary support. Special
requirements such as low friction slide plate assemblies or specific gap
requirements shall also be marked on the stress sketch.

DEVELOPMENT
14 INTERFACE INFORMATION
14.1 Supporting at Interface
Preferably the pipes crossing an interface between two individual design areas
of responsibility i.e. PAU/PAR intersections, shall have a three way restraint
located on or close to the boundary. Alternative restraint functions shall be
agreed when a three way restraint cannot be accommodated by both parties.
Both design areas shall carry out flexibility analysis on their respective piping
systems for pipes crossing the interface. Where appropriate, Boundary
conditions (overlap) shall be included in the analysis to reflect the pipe routing,
location and function of the supports/restraints of the adjoining calculation.
The same procedure shall apply for multiple stress calculations within an area.
An appropriate overlap with the adjoining calculation shall be modelled to
ensure the calculation termination represents the correct restraint definitions.
The relevant stress sketch for each calculation shall be marked-up to indicate
the “limit of calculation”. The limit will define which worst case
support/restraint loads are reported with that stress calculation.
Support/restraint loads shall not be duplicated on more than one calculation.
14.2 Exchange of Stress Isometrics
Stress isometrics (including type & location of supports) shall be exchanged for
information between the design areas on agreed dates.

DEVELOPMENT
15 RESULTS OF PIPING STRESS ANALYSIS

The stress isometrics locate and indicate the support functions on the lines.
The reactions on each restrained direction are given in the load output.
The following shall be checked:
 No excessive forces and moments on the supporting elements.
 No unintentional disengagements of piping from supports (by comparison

between piping displacements and length of supports).
 Supports are of standard type.
 Excessive loads or unusual support dimensions shall be given to the

Structural group in order to check and reinforce the structure.
 No excessive horizontal or vertical pipe deflections due to dead load, live

loads or hydrotest loads.

DEVELOPMENT
15.1 Combined Load Cases:

The ‘On station’ load combination from computer piping stress analysis will be
in accordance with the following table:
Table 15.1 - Load Combination Table
Operation Operation Operation Operation Hydrotest:

/ Survival / Survival / Survival / Survival
Note (2)
+Exceptional loads ±Wind ±Accelerations
(if any)
Pressure/Sustained X X X X X
Friction X
Thermal: Note (1) X X X X
Exceptional loads
(Surge, slug, PSV,
X
rupture disk
effects)
Wind X
Inertial structural
X
Displacements
Inertial
X
Accelerations
Note (1): Including equipment nozzle displacements, hull deflections and

structural displacements.
Note (2): Hydrostatic test case only required for empty lines that will be
tested full of water.
The ‘On Station’ load case combination, (refer to Appendix B) is selected as a
guideline only for code compliance and maximum loads on Equipment/Restraints
and will not apply to every calculation.

DEVELOPMENT
16 STRESS REPORT DOCUMENTATION

16.1 Level 3 Critical Lines
This document will contain:
 Cover sheet
 Introduction, summary
 Basic data and design conditions
 Stress isometrics including equipment model and supports configuration
 Structural strain deflection data input
 Caesar input echo
 Load cases and maximum calculated stresses
 Forces, moments and displacements at supports
 Equipment load check
 Flange leakage check
 Natural frequency output
 Blast/Slug/Surge/PSV calculations
 P & ID and line list extract
 PED compliance
 Conclusion and recommendations
16.2 Level 1 and 2 Critical Lines

No formal stress report is required. However pertinent design data shall be
marked on the stress isometric.

DEVELOPMENT
Stress calculations performed using Caesar software, other ‘peripheral’

spreadsheets or hand calculations together with any generated documents listed
in Section 16.1 shall be retained in the stress system electronic folder on the
project drive.
16.3 Stress Isometrics

Stress isometrics extracted from PDMS or produced by piping to form a stress
system for analysis are based on the stress system P&ID mark-ups prepared in
conjunction with the Critical Line List.
All stress sketches to be comply with following orientation.
+Y → Longitudinal, towards front of vessel (Fore)
+X → Transverse (Starboard)
+Z → Vertical (Upward)
The sketch to be titled with line numbers, calculation number and revision
status.
Boundary conditions, Equipment No. with fixed and sliding ends if applicable
and TP’s should be clearly indicated.
Stress engineer to add relevant node numbers, indicate pipe supports
(location/type) and ‘Branch’ reinforcement required.

DEVELOPMENT
APPENDIX-A PIPE STRESS CRITICALITY RATING

General
A Stress Critical Line List shall be produced from a review of the Process Line
Lists and P&ID’s. This list will identify all stress critical lines on the project,
and grade them in terms of stress criticality as level 1, 2 or 3. From this list,
Stress Sketches will be extracted from PDMS by stress system for stress
review/analysis and approval.
Responsibilities
Lead stress engineer shall be responsible for the following:-
1. Compilation and ongoing maintenance of the Stress Critical Line List.
2. Issue of Stress Critical Line List to piping layout and process groups.
3. Review and approval of all Stress Sketches associated with Stress Critical
Line List on completion of analysis, and issue of signed copies to piping
layout group for design incorporation.
4. Reviewing and ensuring compliance with vessel & mechanical equipment
allowable nozzle loads.
5. Provide critical pipe support loads to the structural and civil groups.
Critical Line List Categories
Category ‘Level 3’ Critical Lines:
A3 Lines identified in Figure 1 as being ‘level 3’, based on temperature and
line size.
B3 Lines identified according to pressure, temperature & line size in
accordance with the PED such that conformity requires technical
documentation and design examination (PED Category III).
C3 Lines for which the piping material reaches lower temperatures than the
minimum specified in piping code. (e.g. Minimum Temperature in ASME
B31.3 Table A1)
D3 Lines 1½” NB and above in Category ‘M’ fluid service as defined in ASME
B31.3 chapter VIII.
E3 Lines that utilise expansion devices.
F3 Non-metallic lines 4” NB and above.
G3 Non-ferrous lines 10” NB and above.
H3 Lines 4” NB and above with Schedule 160 or greater.
I3 Lines 4” NB and above having D/t ratio <10.
J3 Lines 500mm (20”) NB and larger having a D/t ratio >90.
K3 Lines in reciprocating service.
L3 Lines 4” NB and above subject to slug flow, as specified by Process.

DEVELOPMENT
M3 Main Product line.

N3 Lines 4” NB and above connected to ‘Fired’ furnaces, heaters, or steam
generators.
O3 Lines connected to Turbines/ Turbine drivers.
P3 Lines connected to Compressors/ Expanders / Air blowers.
Q3 Lines 6” NB and above connected to Pumps.
R3 Lines downstream of Bursting Discs.
S3 Vent and Flare system Headers.
T3 Class 900 and higher HP rated systems, at line size 4” NB and above.
U3 All lines 12” NB and above likely to be significantly affected by deck
deflection or other marine imposed displacements.
V3 All lines identified (by safety) requiring blast analysis.
A2 Lines identified in Figure 1 as being ‘level 2’, based on temperature and
line size.
B2 Lines identified according to pressure, temperature & line size in
accordance with the PED such that conformity requires technical
documentation for design examination (PED Category II).
C2 Lines 6” NB and above connected to Columns, Vessels or Tanks & Heat
Exchangers.
D2 Lines 2”-4” NB connected to Pumps.
E2 Lines 6” NB and above connected to Packaged units.
F2 Lines downstream of Control Valves that connect into vent / flare system
headers / discharge to atmosphere.
G2 Vessels fabricated from non-ferrous materials (especially plastics)
H2 Vessels with a brittle lining material.
I2 Relief Valve piping.
J2 All lines 6”-10” NB likely to be significantly affected by deck deflection or
other marine imposed displacements.
K2 Non-ferrous lines 4”-8” NB.
L2 Class 900 and higher HP rated systems, at line size 3” NB and below.
M2 Lines 3” NB and below subject to slug flow, as specified by Process.
A1 Lines identified in Figure 1 as being ‘level 1’, based on temperature and line
size.
B1 Lines identified according to pressure and line size in accordance with the
PED such that conformity requires technical documentation (PED Category
I).

DEVELOPMENT
C1 Pump suction/discharge lines 1½” NB and below operating at near ambient

conditions.
D1 All lines 4” NB and below likely to be significantly affected by deck
deflections or other marine imposed displacements.
E1 Non-ferrous lines 3” NB and below as deemed critical by the stress engineer.
F1 Lines identified according to which field welding is prohibited.
Note: The criticality of a line and scope of a stress system may be modified by
the stress engineer where necessary. Some lines may also have special
circumstances, which would otherwise not normally warrant critical status. This
will include lines which will impact the flexibility of connected critical lines.

DEVELOPMENT
FIGURE 1
Design Temperature (°C)
LEVEL 1
250 LEVEL 2
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 3
200
150
LEVEL 2
100
LEVEL 3
50
LEVEL 1
Line Size (Inches)
0
1 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2
-30
-50
LEVEL 3
LEVEL 1 = Visual or analogy (as deemed critical by the Stress Engineer)

LEVEL 2 = Approximate (by means of charts or nomographs)
LEVEL 3 = Comprehensive (computer)

DEVELOPMENT
APPENDIX-B ‘ON STATION’ LOAD CASE COMBINATION
'ON STATION' LOAD CASE COMBINATIONS
T1 = Maximum operating temperature D1 = Thermal anchor movement at maximum operating temperature
T2 = Max design temperature D2 = Thermal anchor movement at max design temperature
T3 = Min design Temperature D3 = Thermal anchor movement at min design temperature
P1 = Max design pressure D4 = Wave - restraint/anchor displacement for survival case deck strain (minima)
W = Weight including contents D5 = Wave - restraint/anchor displacement for survival case deck strain (maxima)
{
WW = Water filled weight D6 = Wave - restraint/anchor displacement for survival case (for loads)
where WNC = Weight without contents D7 = Wave - restraint/anchor displacement for operating case deck strain (minima)
H = Hanger response D8 = Wave - restraint/anchor displacement for operating case deck strain (maxima)
WIN1 = Extreme wind in +X direction D9 = Wave - restraint/anchor displacement for operating case (for loads)
WIN2 = Extreme wind in -X direction F1 = PSV reaction force
WIN3 = Extreme wind in +Y direction U1 = Max on-site acceleration in X direction (sway) for survival case wave motions
WIN4 = Extreme wind in -Y direction U2 = Max on-site acceleration in Y direction (surge) for survival case wave motions
U3 = Max on-site acceleration in Z direction (heave) for survival case wave motions
Green - Print for Stress Blue - Print for Restraint Loads
L1 (HGR) = W → Spring hanger selection - see Note 1

L2 (HGR) = W + T1 + P1 + D1 → Spring hanger selection - see Note 1
L3 (HYD) = WW + HP + H → Hydrostatic Test
L4 (SUS) = WNC + H → Weight without contents
L5 (SUS) = W + P1+ H → Sustained loading case
L6 (OPE) = W + T1 + P1 + H + D1 → Max operating case
L7 (OPE) = W + T2 + P1 + H + D2 → Max design case
L8 (OPE) = W + T3 + P1 + H + D3 → Min design case
L9 (OPE) = W + T1 + P1 + H + D1 + U1 → Max operating case with survival acceleration along X axis (sway)
L10 (OPE) = W + T1 + P1 + H + D1 + U2 → Max operating case with survival acceleration along Y axis (surge)
L11 (OPE) = W + T1 + P1 + H + D1 + U3 → Max operating case with survival acceleration along Z axis (heave)
L12 (OPE) = W + T1 + P1 + H + D1 + 0.712U1 → Max operating case with operating acceleration along X axis (sway) - see Note 4
L13 (OPE) = W + T1 + P1 + H + D1 + 0.681U2 → Max operating case with operating acceleration along Y axis (surge) - see Note 4
L14 (OPE) = W + T1 + P1 + H + D1 + 0.682U3 → Max operating case with operating acceleration along Z axis (heave) - see Note 4
L15 (OPE) = W + T1 + P1 + H + D1 + WIN1 → Max operating case with X wind - see Note 3
L16 (OPE) = W + T1 + P1 + H + D1 + WIN2 → Max operating case with -X wind - see Note 3
L17 (OPE) = W + T1 + P1 + H + D1 + WIN3 → Max operating case with Y wind - see Note 3
L18 (OPE) = W + T1 + P1 + H + D1 + WIN4 → Max operating case with -Y wind - see Note 3
L19 (OPE) = W + T1 + P1 + H + D1 + F1 → Max operating case with PSV reaction force
L20 (EXP) = D4 → Minima structural strain displacement for range (at restraints and anchors) - Survival Case
L21(EXP) = D5 → Maxima structural strain displacement for range (at restraints and anchors) - Survival Case
L22 (EXP) = D6 → Strain displ't for equip/restraint loads - Survival Case - see Note 2
Minima structural strain displacement for range (at restraints and anchors) - Operating
L23 (EXP) = D7 →
Case
Maxima structural strain displacement for range (at restraints and anchors) - Operating
L24 (EXP) = D8 →
Case
L25 (EXP) = D9 → Strain displ't for equip/restraint loads - Operating Case - see Note 2

DEVELOPMENT
L26 (EXP) = L7 + L20 → (ALG) Max design temperature + Min deflection (Survival Case)
L27 (EXP) = L7 + L21 → (ALG) Max design temperature + Max deflection (Survival Case)
L28 (EXP) = L8 + L20 → (ALG) Min design temperature + Min deflection (Survival Case)
L29 (EXP) = L8 + L21 → (ALG) Min design temperature + Max deflection (Survival Case)
L30 (EXP) = L26 - L5 → (ALG) Max design thermal stress at min displacement (Survival Case)
L31 (EXP) = L27- L5 → (ALG) Max design thermal stress at max displacement (Survival Case)
L32 (EXP) = L28 - L5 → (ALG) Min design thermal stress at min displacement (Survival Case)
L33 (EXP) = L29 - L5 → (ALG) Min design thermal stress at max displacement (Survival Case)
L34 (EXP) = L30 - L33 → (ALG) Stress range combination 1 (Survival Case)
L35 (EXP) = L31 - L32 → (ALG) Stress range combination 2 (Survival Case)
L36 (EXP) = L7 + L23 → (ALG) Max design temperature + Min deflection (Operating Case)
L37 (EXP) = L7 + L24 → (ALG) Max design temperature + Max deflection (Operating Case)
L38 (EXP) = L8 + L23 → (ALG) Min design temperature + Min deflection (Operating Case)
L39 (EXP) = L8 + L24 → (ALG) Min design temperature + Max deflection (Operating Case)
L40 (EXP) = L36 - L5 → (ALG) Max design thermal stress at min displacement (Operating Case)
L41 (EXP) = L37 - L5 → (ALG) Max design thermal stress at max displacement (Operating Case)
L42 (EXP) = L38 - L5 → (ALG) Min design thermal stress at min displacement (Operating Case)
L43 (EXP) = L39 - L5 → (ALG) Min design thermal stress at max displacement (Operating Case)
L44 (EXP) = L40 - L43 → (ALG) Stress range combination 1 (Operating Case)
L45 (EXP) = L41 - L42 → (ALG) Stress range combination 2 (Operating Case)
L46 (EXP) = L44, L45 → (MAX) Thermal stress range with operating wave strain deflections for Low Cycle Fatigue
L47 (SUS) = L9 - L6 → (ALG) Max. on site Response Survival Acceleration along X axis (sway)
L48 (SUS) = L10 - L6 → (ALG) Max. on site Response Survival Acceleration along Y axis (surge)
L49 (SUS) = L11 - L6 → (ALG) Max. on site Response Survival Acceleration along Z axis (heave)
L50 (SUS) = L12 - L6 → (ALG) Max. on site Response Operating Acceleration along X axis (sway)
L51 (SUS) = L13 - L6 → (ALG) Max. on site Response Operating Acceleration along Y axis (surge)
L52 (SUS) = L14 - L6 → (ALG) Max. on site Response Operating Acceleration along Z axis (heave)
L53 (OCC) = L15 - L6 → (ALG) Max wind X for reactions and B31.3 compliance - see Note 3
L54 (OCC) = L16 - L6 → (ALG) Max wind -X for reactions and B31.3 compliance - see Note 3
L55 (OCC) = L17 - L6 → (ALG) Max wind Y for reactions and B31.3 compliance - see Note 3
L56 (OCC) = L18 - L6 → (ALG) Max wind -Y for reactions and B31.3 compliance - see Note 3
L57 (OCC) = L19 - L6 → (ALG) PSV Reaction force only
L58 (SUS) = L47 + L48 + L49 → (ALG) Response accelerations combination 1 (Survival)
L59 (SUS) = L47 + L48 - L49 → (ALG) Response accelerations combination 2 (Survival)
L60 (SUS) = L47 - L48 + L49 → (ALG) Response accelerations combination 3 (Survival)
L61 (SUS) = L47 - L48 - L49 → (ALG) Response accelerations combination 4 (Survival)
L62 (SUS) = - L47 + L48 + L49 → (ALG) Response accelerations combination 5 (Survival)
L63 (SUS) = - L47 + L48 - L49 → (ALG) Response accelerations combination 6 (Survival)
L64 (SUS) = - L47 - L48 + L49 → (ALG) Response accelerations combination 7 (Survival)
L65 (SUS) = - L47 - L48 - L49 → (ALG) Response accelerations combination 8 (Survival)
L66 (SUS) = L47 + L48 + L49 → (SRSS) Combined acceleration for stress compliance (Survival)
L67 (SUS) = L50 + L51 + L52 → (ALG) Response accelerations combination 1 (Operating)
L68 (SUS) = L50 + L51 - L52 → (ALG) Response accelerations combination 2 (Operating)
L69 (SUS) = L50 - L51 + L52 → (ALG) Response accelerations combination 3 (Operating)

DEVELOPMENT
L70 (SUS) = L50 - L51 - L52 → (ALG) Response accelerations combination 4 (Operating)
L71 (SUS) = - L50 + L51 + L52 → (ALG) Response accelerations combination 5 (Operating)
L72 (SUS) = - L50 + L51 - L52 → (ALG) Response accelerations combination 6 (Operating)
L73 (SUS) = - L50 - L51 + L52 → (ALG) Response accelerations combination 7 (Operating)
L74 (SUS) = - L50 - L51 - L52 → (ALG) Response accelerations combination 8 (Operating)
L75 (SUS) = L50 + L51 + L52 → (SRSS) Combined acceleration for stress compliance (Operating)
L76 (OCC) = L53, L54, L55, L56 → (MAX) Maximum wind component
L77 (EXP) = L21 - L20 → (ABS) Wave displacement range (Survival)
L78 (EXP) = L24 - L23 → (ABS) Wave displacement range (Operating)
L79 (OPE) = L6 + L25 + L67 + (L53 ~ L56) → (ALG) Max Operating case equipment load for acceleration response #1 - see Note 3
L87 (OPE) = L6 + L22 + L66 + (L53 ~ L56) → (ALG) Max equipment and restraint load for survival accelerations and deflections
L88 (OPE) = L6 - L5 → (ALG) Thermal stress at operating temperature
L4, L7, L8, L19, L79, L80, L81, L82, L83, L84, L85,
L89 (OPE) = → (SignMax) Operating load summary to identify lift-off
L86, L87
L4, L7, L8, L19, L79, L80, L81, L82, L83, L84, L85,
L90 (OPE) = → (MAX) Max restraint/equipment load
L86, L87
L91 (OPE) = L6 + L75 → (ALG) Restraint loads in operating conditions
L92 (OPE) = L7 - L5 → (ALG) Restraint loads due to thermal displacement only
L93 (SUS) = L5 + L75 → (ABS) ASME B31.3 Code Compliance - Sustained stress
L94 (OCC) = L5 + L66 + L76 → (ABS) ASME B31.3 Code Compliance - Occasional stress
L95 (OCC) = L5 + L57 + L66 → (ABS) ASME B31.3 Code Compliance - Occasional stress
L96 (EXP) = L34, L35 → (MAX) ASME B31.3 Code Compliance - Displacement stress range
L97 (FAT) = L46 + 2L75 → (ABS) Fatigue Low Cycle for extreme thermal conditions
L98 (FAT) = 2L66 + L77 + L88 → (ABS) Fatigue Low cycle for extreme wave conditions
L99 (FAT) = 2L75 + L78 → (ABS) Fatigue High Cycle for continual 'On Station' wave effects
L100 (OPE) = L6 + L25 + L75 + L76 → (ABS) Maximum Absolute Restraint/Equipment Loading
Notes:
1) Springs 'H' shall be avoided wherever possible by adding flexibility into the piping. Where springs must be specified the
travel range shall be determined based on the Max operating case T1, and the spring range confirmed with design cases T2, T3.
2) Deck strain data for equipment and restraint loads shall be based on the worst deemed sea direction and reference location for a 'plus' and 'minus'
wave extracted from the 'Operating' marine data.
3) Determine worst direction wind loading from load cases L53, L54, L55, L56 then incorporate this most severe single load case in load cases L79 to 87.
4) Factor represents the ratio between operating and survival accelerations on the deck only. Not applicable to flare tower piping.

DEVELOPMENT
APPENDIX-C LIQUID SLUG LOAD CASE COMBINATIONS
'LIQUID SLUG FLOW' LOAD CASE COMBINATIONS
W = Weight including contents
{
T1 = Max operating temperature
where P1 = Max operating pressure
H = Hanger Response
F1-F9 = Slug forces at changes of direction
Green - Print for Stress Blue - Print for Restraint Loads
L1 (SUS) = W + P1 + H → Sustained load case

L2 (OPE) = W + P1 + T1 + H → Max operating case
L3 (OCC) = W + P1 + T1 + F1 + H → Max operating + Slug case #1
L12 (OCC) = L3 - L2 → (ALG) Slug case #1
L21 (OCC) = L12, L13, L14, L15, L16, L17, L18, L19, L20 → (MAX) Max slug load
L22 (OCC) = L1 + L21 → (ABS) Max Occasional stress
L23 (OCC) = L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8, L9, L10, L11 → (SignMax) Most positive load
L24 (OCC) = L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8, L9, L10, L11 → (SignMin) Most negative load

DEVELOPMENT
APPENDIX-D BLAST ANALYSIS LOAD CASE COMBINATIONS
'BLAST B1' LOAD CASE COMBINATIONS
T1 = Maximum operating temperature
P1 = Maximum operating pressure
D1 = Thermal anchor movement at maximum operating temperature
{
D4 = Maximum Permanent Structural Deflection due to Blast in North direction
where D5 = Maximum Permanent Structural Deflection due to Blast in East direction
D6 = Maximum Permanent Structural Deflection due to Blast in vertical Up direction
H = Hanger response
WIN1 = Average Drag Load due to Blast in North direction
WIN2 = Average Drag Load due to Blast in East direction
WIN3 = Average Drag Load due to Blast in vertical Up direction
Blue - Print for Restraint Loads
L1 (SUS) = W+P1+H → Sustained load case

L2 (OPE) = W+P1+T1+H+D1 → Maximum operating case
L3 (OCC) = D4 → Permanent Structural Deflection in North direction due to Blast
L4 (OCC) = D5 → Permanent Structural Deflection in East direction due to Blast
L5 (OCC) = D6 → Permanent Structural Deflection in vertical Up direction due to Blast
L6 (OCC) = WIN1 → Drag Load in North direction due to Blast
L7 (OCC) = WIN2 → Drag Load in East direction due to Blast
L8 (OCC) = WIN3 → Drag Load in vertical Up direction due to Blast
L9 (OCC) = L2+L3+L6 → (ALG) Maximum restraint loads due to blast in North direction
L10 (OCC) = L2+L4+L7 → (ALG) Maximum restraint loads due to blast in East direction
L11 (OCC) = L2+L5+L8 → (ALG) Maximum restraint loads due to blast in vertical Up direction
L12 (OCC) = L2-L3-L6 → (ALG) Maximum restraint loads due to blast in South direction
L13 (OCC) = L2-L4-L7 → (ALG) Maximum restraint loads due to blast in West direction
L14 (OCC) = L2-L5-L8 → (ALG) Maximum restraint loads due to blast in vertical Down direction
L15 (OPE) = L9,L10,L11,L12,L13,L14 → (MAX) Maximum restraint load due to blast
L16 (OPE) = L9,L10,L11,L12,L13,L14 → (SignMax) Operating load summary to determine lift off
Notes:
1) Spring hanger to be user defined in accordance with the spring hanger selection from the 'On Station' Caesar file.
2) Average Drag Load data from FPF1-HC-009 to be used.
3) Load cases are for restraint/equipment nozzle loading only and assumes compliance with allowable stress 1.8 Sh.
4) Consideration for permanent structural deflection due to blast to be confirmed by structural department.

DEVELOPMENT
'BLAST B2' LOAD CASE COMBINATIONS
T1 = Maximum operating temperature
P1 = Maximum operating pressure
D1 = Thermal anchor movement at maximum operating temperature
{
D4 = Maximum Permanent Structural Deflection due to Blast in North direction
where D5 = Maximum Permanent Structural Deflection due to Blast in East direction
D6 = Maximum Permanent Structural Deflection due to Blast in vertical Up direction
H = Hanger response
WIN1 = Peak Drag Load due to Blast in North direction
WIN2 = Peak Drag Load due to Blast in East direction
WIN3 = Peak Drag Load due to Blast in vertical Up direction
Green - Print for Stress
L1 (SUS) = W+P1+H → Sustained load case

L2 (OPE) = W+P1+T1+H+D1 → Maximum operating case
L3 (OCC) = D4 → Permanent Structural Deflection in North direction due to Blast
L4 (OCC) = D5 → Permanent Structural Deflection in East direction due to Blast
L5 (OCC) = D6 → Permanent Structural Deflection in vertical Up direction due to Blast
L6 (OCC) = WIN1 → Drag Load in North direction due to Blast
L7 (OCC) = WIN2 → Drag Load in East direction due to Blast
L8 (OCC) = WIN3 → Drag Load in vertical Up direction due to Blast
L9 (OCC) = L2+L3+L6 → (ALG) Maximum stress due to blast in North direction
L10 (OCC) = L2+L4+L7 → (ALG) Maximum stress due to blast in East direction
L11 (OCC) = L2+L5+L8 → (ALG) Maximum stress due to blast in vertical Up direction
L12 (OCC) = L2-L3-L6 → (ALG) Maximum stress due to blast in South direction
L13 (OCC) = L2-L4-L7 → (ALG) Maximum stress due to blast in West direction
L14 (OCC) = L2-L5-L8 → (ALG) Maximum stress due to blast in vertical Down direction
L15 (OPE) = L9,L10,L11,L12,L13,L14 → (MAX) Maximum restraint load due to blast
L16 (OPE) = L9,L10,L11,L12,L13,L14 → (SignMax) Operating load summary to determine lift off
Notes:
1) Spring hanger to be user defined in accordance with the spring hanger selection from the 'On Station' Caesar file.
2) Peak Drag Load data from FPF1-HC-009 to be used.
3) Allowable stress to be minimum 3 x Sh or 2 x proof stress, Sp0.2, at temperature for the piping material under analysis.
4) Consideration for permanent structural deflection due to blast to be confirmed by structural department.

DEVELOPMENT
APPENDIX-E BASIS OF MOTIONS AND ACCELERATIONS

The accelerations and displacements used in the Pipe Stress Analyses of the
pipework on FPF1 were based upon information initially supplied by the
Structural Group. This data was, of itself, determined from information
supplied by GL Noble Denton in their Motion and Accelerations study report.
After completion of the Pipe Stress Analyses a revised GL Noble Denton Motion
and Accelerations study report was received. To determine the effect of the
changes in the accelerations and whether they warranted the re-analysis of the
previously completed Pipe Stress Analyses, an exercise was carried out to
compare the results of existing analyses with the original analyses using the
latest accelerations.
The results of this review have been combined and issued in a separate report,
Reference [14].

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PROJECT: PROJECT NO: CLIENT: DOCUMENT NUMBER:

GREATER STELLA AREA JU11805D ITHACA ENERGY FPF1-ST-G00001-P-BOD-0002

SHEETS INDEX AND REVISIONS

Rev. Section Revision Description

B06 5.7 Reference to Appendix E added

Note: Revision Table to be used on Post-AFD Issues

Hold No. Section Description

GREATER STELLA AREA JU11805D ITHACA ENERGY FPF1-ST-G00001-P-BOD-0002

AFD Approved for Design

API American Petroleum Institute

ASL Above Sea Level

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers

CAPEX Capital Expenditure

CATS Central area Transmission System

CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics

DLF Dynamic Load Factor

DNV Det Norske Veritas

FPF1 Floating Production Facilities

IFC Issued For Comments

IFR Issued For Review

LRFD Load Resistance and Factor Design

NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association

PAU Pre-assembled Unit

PAR Pre-assembled Rack

P&ID Process & Instrumentation Diagram

PED The European Pressure Equipment Directive

PEL Petrofac Engineering Limited

GREATER STELLA AREA JU11805D ITHACA ENERGY FPF1-ST-G00001-P-BOD-0002

PSV Pressure Safety Valve

SI System International Units

SMTS Specified Minimum Tensile Strength

WRC Welding Research Council

GREATER STELLA AREA JU11805D ITHACA ENERGY FPF1-ST-G00001-P-BOD-0002

2 CODES, STANDARDS, REGULATIONS AND REFERENCES ................................... 10

3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................... 13

4 COMPUTER PIPING STRESS ANALYSIS REQUIRMENT CRITERIA............................ 14

5 PIPING DESIGN CONDITIONS .................................................................... 17

GREATER STELLA AREA JU11805D ITHACA ENERGY FPF1-ST-G00001-P-BOD-0002

5.7 Inertial Loads due to Vessel Motions ......................................................... 20

6 STRUCTURAL DEFLECTIONS .................................................................... 23

7 FLANGE LEAKAGE EVALUATION ............................................................... 25

8 FATIGUE ANALYSIS ............................................................................... 26

9 BLAST LOADING ANALYSIS ...................................................................... 28

10 NATURAL FREQUENCY .......................................................................... 29

11 ALLOWABLE LOADS .............................................................................. 30

12 ALLOWABLE STRESSES FOR PIPING MATERIALS............................................. 31

13 PIPE SUPPORTS ................................................................................... 32

14 INTERFACE INFORMATION ...................................................................... 34

15 RESULTS OF PIPING STRESS ANALYSIS ....................................................... 35

GREATER STELLA AREA JU11805D ITHACA ENERGY FPF1-ST-G00001-P-BOD-0002

15.1 Combined Load Cases: .......................................................................... 36

16 STRESS REPORT DOCUMENTATION ............................................................ 37

APPENDIX-A PIPE STRESS CRITICALITY RATING ..................................................... 39

APPENDIX-B ‘ON STATION’ LOAD CASE COMBINATION ............................................. 43

APPENDIX-C LIQUID SLUG LOAD CASE COMBINATIONS ............................................. 46

APPENDIX-D BLAST ANALYSIS LOAD CASE COMBINATIONS ........................................ 47

APPENDIX-E BASIS OF MOTIONS AND ACCELERATIONS ............................................. 49

GREATER STELLA AREA JU11805D ITHACA ENERGY FPF1-ST-G00001-P-BOD-0002

GREATER STELLA AREA JU11805D ITHACA ENERGY FPF1-ST-G00001-P-BOD-0002

To avoid continuous revisions of this document a series of work instructions

GREATER STELLA AREA JU11805D ITHACA ENERGY FPF1-ST-G00001-P-BOD-0002

2 CODES, STANDARDS, REGULATIONS AND REFERENCES

GREATER STELLA AREA JU11805D ITHACA ENERGY FPF1-ST-G00001-P-BOD-0002

2.2 Codes, Standards and Regulations