Investigating Oceanography 2nd Edition Sverdrup Test Bank

Investigating Oceanography 2nd
Edition Sverdrup Test Bank

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Chapter 06 Test Bank Key
1. Intense low pressure atmospheric storms in the Atlantic Ocean are called ________.
hurricanes or hurricane
Blooms: 1. Remember
Chapter: 06 The Atmosphere and the Oceans
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: List three names for large, intense low-pressure systems.
Section: 06.06 Hurricanes and Coastal Flooding
Topic: Hurricanes and Coastal Flooding
2. Intense low pressure atmospheric storms in the Western Pacific Ocean are called ________.
typhoons or typhoon
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
3. Maximum sea surface elevation along a coast occurs when storm surge coincides with high tide. This is
called ________.
storm tide
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Review the major historical and physical details of Hurricane Katrina.
4. Identify which of the following gases have variable concentration in the atmosphere.
__ nitrogen
X methane
__ hydrogen
X carbon dioxide
X water vapor
__ oxygen
__ argon
X ozone
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Describe the composition of the atmosphere.
Section: 06.03 Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere
Topic: Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere
5. If the world's sea ice melted, sea level would rise.
FALSE
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Argue that global warming is enhanced by the accumulation of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere.
Section: 06.02 Sea Ice and Icebergs
Topic: Sea Ice and Icebergs
6. When sea ice forms, the surface water beneath the ice becomes less dense.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Describe the formation of sea ice.
6-1
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
7. The tabular icebergs are formed from sea ice.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Describe the formation of sea ice.
8. Castle bergs are formed from the continental ice sheets of Antarctica.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Describe the formation of icebergs.
9. The atmospheric pressure bands that circle Earth do not change very much with the seasons in the
Northern Hemisphere.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Sketch the pattern of major wind systems and regions of vertical motion in the atmosphere.
Section: 06.05 Modifying the Wind Bands
Topic: Modifying the Wind Bands
10. In the Northern Hemisphere, the air circulation about a high pressure cell is clockwise.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
11. In the Southern Hemisphere, the circulation of air about a low pressure system is clockwise.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
12. In the Southern Hemisphere, the atmospheric low pressure belt centered on 60°S remains nearly
continuous around the world at all seasons of the year.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
6-2
13. The prevailing westerlies of the Northern Hemisphere are more steady in strength and direction than
the trade winds.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Explain the Coriolis effect and describe its direction and magnitude as a function of latitude.
Section: 06.04 The Atmosphere in Motion
Topic: The Atmosphere in Motion
14. The greenhouse effect is caused by the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere allowing outgoing
radiation to exceed incoming radiation.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
15. The annual variation in atmospheric carbon dioxide is caused primarily by seasonal photosynthesis on
land in the Southern Hemisphere.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
16. The greenhouse effect decreases the long wave radiation lost by the Earth's surface and increases the
shortwave radiation lost by the atmosphere.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
17. The leeward side of a mountain range usually has higher precipitation than the windward side.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Explain the effect of topography on precipitation.
18. Hurricanes form over tropical landmasses.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
19. In the stratosphere, temperature increases with increased elevation.
6-3
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: List the layers of the atmosphere in order of ascending height and sketch a plot of temperature vs. elevation in each layer.
20. Earth's weather is formed primarily in the troposphere.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
21. Ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the troposphere.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
22. The temperature of the troposphere increases with elevation.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
23. Increasing water vapor content decreases the density of air.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
24. Decreasing the atmospheric pressure increases the density of air.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
25. The greenhouse effect is a product of increasing oxygen concentration in the troposphere.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
6-4
26. Clouds can either heat or cool Earth.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Explain the influence of clouds on surface temperature.
Section: 06.01 Heating and Cooling Earth's Surface
Topic: Heating and Cooling Earth's Surface
27. If there were no clouds, Earth would cool.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Explain the influence of clouds on surface temperature.
28. Storm tides are caused by the low atmospheric pressure and winds associated with hurricanes and
typhoons.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
29. La Niña indicates warmer than normal surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Relate ENSO events to global weather patterns and variations in sea surface temperature.
Section: 06.07 El Niño-Southern Oscillation
Topic: El Niño-Southern Oscillation
30. El Niño is an oceanic and atmospheric system that moves across the central Pacific from Asia
toward Peru.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
31. The latitudes between approximately 30 degrees north and 30 degrees south have a heating deficit
over the course of a year.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Outline and discuss Earth's heat budget.
6-5
32. The annual range of temperatures will be greater closer to the ocean than at inland locations.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
33. In the Northern Hemisphere, CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in the atmosphere tends to decrease in
the spring and early summer.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
34. Winds are named for the direction to which they blow.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
35. In June the ITCZ tends to shift south into the Southern Hemisphere.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
36. A low pressure system develops over India during the wet phase of the south Asian monsoon.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
37. Rain shadows develop on the leeward side of topographic barriers.
TRUE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Explain the effect of topography on precipitation.
38. Hurricanes commonly form at the equator.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
6-6
Gradable: automatic
39. In the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, a _____ pressure cell develops over the ocean in
winter and a ____ pressure cell develops in summer.
A. high; low
B. low; high
C. low; low
D. high; high
E. Either high; low or low; high can occur.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
40. A local shore wind controlled only by daily temperature variation between land and water will blow
_____ during the night.
A. 45 degrees to the right

B. parallel to the shore
C. onshore
D. offshore
E. 45 degrees to the left
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Describe onshore and offshore winds.
41. During the Indian wet monsoon, the prevailing winds blow ____ in the _____.
A. onshore; winter
B. onshore; summer
C. offshore; winter
D. offshore; summer
E. onshore; summer and winter
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
42. Earth's surface winds are caused by air moving from a region of ______ to a region of ________.
A. low pressure; high pressure

B. surface convergence; surface divergence
C. high pressure; low pressure
D. low elevation; high elevation
E. high elevation; low elevation
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
43. Air becomes less dense and rises when

6-7
A. the air warms.
B. the water vapor content increases.
C. atmospheric pressure decreases.
D. All of these are correct.
E. None of these are correct.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
44. A wind blowing from the northwest to the southeast is called a ______ wind.
A. northwest
B. northerly
C. southeast
D. southerly
E. east-west
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
45. The Coriolis effect arises primarily from the
A. curvature of Earth's surface.

B. rotation of Earth around its axis.
C. rotation of Earth around the sun.
D. effect of winds high in the atmosphere.
E. motion of the oceans in their basins.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
46. The Coriolis effect
A. deflects to the right in the Northern Hemisphere.

B. deflects to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.
C. has no effect at the equator.
D. deflects to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and deflects to the left in the Southern
Hemisphere.
E. deflects to the right in the Northern Hemisphere, deflects to the left in the Southern Hemisphere,
and has no effect at the equator.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
47. The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is
A. argon.
B. oxygen.
C. carbon dioxide.
D. water vapor.
6-8
E. nitrogen.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: List the layers of the atmosphere in order of ascending height and sketch a plot of pressure vs. elevation.
48. Along the west coast of India, the prevailing wind during the winter blows ______ and produces the
_______.
A. offshore; dry monsoon

B. onshore; wet monsoon
C. offshore; wet monsoon
D. onshore; dry monsoon
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
49. The winds that begin the polar high pressure zones are called
A. polar westerlies.
B. polar easterlies.
C. westerlies.
D. easterlies.
E. northerlies and southerlies (depending on the pole).
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
50. The westerlies lie between which latitudes?
A. 0 degrees and 30°N only

B. 30 degrees and 60°N only
C. 30 degrees and 60°N and S
D. 30 degrees and 60°S only
E. 0 degrees and 30°S only
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
51. The doldrums are found
A. around the poles.

B. at 30°N and S.
C. between the trade winds and the westerlies.
D. between the northeast trade winds and the southeast trade winds.
E. at 60°N and S.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
6-9
52. The wind band between the horse latitudes and the doldrums is called the ________ in the Southern
Hemisphere.
A. westerlies
B. northeast trade winds
C. southeast trade winds
D. polar easterlies
E. seasonal monsoon
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
53. A parcel of air from the South Pole moves due north along the prime meridian; its motion is
independent of Earth's rotation. Over what longitude will it be found four hours later?
A. 60°W
B. 60°E
C. 0°
D. 40°E
E. 40°W
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
54. The effect of ozone destruction is most severe
A. at polar latitudes.
B. at temperate latitudes.
C. at equatorial latitudes.
D. in terrestrial desert areas.
E. All of these are equally affected.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Explain the characteristics of the Antarctic ozone hole and relate its size to cloud formation and temperature.
55. Ozone destruction appears to be related to increasing levels of _________ in the atmosphere.
A. carbon dioxide
B. chlorine
C. sulfur
D. water vapor
E. dimethyl sulfide
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Explain the characteristics of the Antarctic ozone hole and relate its size to cloud formation and temperature.
56. Clouds ___________ radiation.
A. absorb shortwave
B. reflect shortwave
C. intercept longwave
6-10
D. radiate longwave
E. All of these are correct.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Discuss the effect of clouds on Earth's heat budget.
57. The Northern Hemisphere polar jet stream
A. lies above the boundary between the polar easterlies and the westerlies.
B. flows rapidly eastward.
C. alters the weather patterns at Earth's surface.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
58. Which statement(s) about El Niño is(are) true?
A. It produces warm surface water along the Peru-Ecuador coast.

B. It interrupts the southeast tradewinds and displaces the doldrums.
C. It is associated with a displacement of the jet stream.
D. It is also known as La Niña.
E. It produces warm surface water along the Peru-Ecuador coast, it interrupts the southeast
tradewinds and displaces the doldrums, and it is associated with a displacement of the jet stream.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
59. Hurricanes derive their energy from _______ pressure zones in the ______ latitudes.
A. high; tropical
B. low; tropical
C. high; mid
D. low; mid
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
60. A storm tide is due to the
A. low atmospheric pressure at a storm's center.

B. strong offshore winds.
C. strong winds creating a surface flow toward the shore.
D. low atmospheric pressure at a storm's center and strong winds creating a surface flow toward the
shore.
E. All of these are correct.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
6-11
61. Approximately what percentage of incoming solar radiation is absorbed by the surface of the Earth?
A. 4%
B. 31%
C. 47%
D. 80%
E. 100%
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
62. On December 15th, which of the following locations will receive the highest value of solar radiation?
A. 0°
B. 30°N
C. 30°S
D. 60°N
E. 60°S
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
63. Atmospheric pressure is greatest in the
A. thermosphere.
B. mesosphere.
C. stratosphere.
D. troposphere.
E. atmosphere.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: List the layers of the atmosphere in order of ascending height and sketch a plot of pressure vs. elevation.
64. The greatest concentration of ozone is in the
A. thermosphere.
B. mesosphere.
C. lithosphere.
D. troposphere.
E. stratosphere.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Learning Outcome: Describe the distribution of ozone in the atmosphere.
65. The coriolis effect deflects objects in the Northern Hemisphere to the _________ relative to their
direction of motion.
A. east
B. west
6-12
C. north
D. right
E. left
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
66. Wind belts that blow from east to west over most of the areas between 30º north and 30º
south are called
A. westerlies.
B. polar easterlies.
C. trade winds.
D. horse latitudes.
E. doldrums.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
67. The low pressure area near the equator is known as the
A. Intertropical Convergence Zone.

B. horse latitudes.
C. polar easterlies.
D. westerlies.
E. trade winds.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
68. El Niño events are associated with
A. high pressure in the western Pacific.

B. high pressure in the eastern Pacific.
C. dry conditions in Australia and Indonesia.
D. coastal upwelling in the western Pacific.
E. descending air over Indonesia.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
69. The maximum actual solar radiation that reaches Earth's surface is slightly less than the solar constant
because
A. Earth's axis of rotation is tilted.

B. the atmosphere absorbs some energy.
C. the atmosphere reflects some energy.
D. of the uneven distribution of continents and ocean basins.
E. the atmosphere absorbs some energy and the atmosphere reflects some energy.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
6-13
70. The oceans are heated primarily from below by volcanic activity along ocean ridges.
FALSE
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
71. Heat energy gained at low latitudes is redistributed to higher latitudes by
A. atmospheric circulation.
B. low pressure systems.
C. ocean currents.
E. atmospheric circulation and ocean currents.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
72. The annual range of surface temperature is greater on land than at sea because
A. the specific heat of water is less than that of land.

B. the specific heat of water is greater than that of land.
C. the heat capacity of water is greater than that of land.
D. the heat capacity of water is less than that of land.
E. there is more land area in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere.
Blooms: 1. Remember
Gradable: automatic
Chapter 06 Test Bank Summary

Category # of Questions
6-14
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 68
Blooms: 1. Remember 72
Chapter: 06 The Atmosphere and the Oceans 72
Gradable: automatic 72
Learning Outcome: Argue that global warming is enhanced by the accumulation of greenhouse gases, such as 7
carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere.
Learning Outcome: Describe onshore and offshore winds. 1
Learning Outcome: Describe the composition of the atmosphere. 1
Learning Outcome: Describe the distribution of ozone in the atmosphere. 1
Learning Outcome: Describe the formation of icebergs. 1
Learning Outcome: Describe the formation of sea ice. 2
Learning Outcome: Discuss the effect of clouds on Earth's heat budget. 1
Learning Outcome: Explain the characteristics of the Antarctic ozone hole and relate its size to cloud 2
formation and temperature.
Learning Outcome: Explain the Coriolis effect and describe its direction and magnitude as a function of 5
latitude.
Learning Outcome: Explain the effect of topography on precipitation. 2
Learning Outcome: Explain the influence of clouds on surface temperature. 2
Learning Outcome: List the layers of the atmosphere in order of ascending height and sketch a plot of 5
temperature vs. elevation in each layer.
Learning Outcome: List the layers of the atmosphere in order of ascending height and sketch a plot of pressure 2
vs. elevation.
Learning Outcome: List three names for large, intense low-pressure systems. 4
Learning Outcome: Outline and discuss Earth's heat budget. 8
Learning Outcome: Relate ENSO events to global weather patterns and variations in sea surface temperature. 4
Learning Outcome: Review the major historical and physical details of Hurricane Katrina. 4
Learning Outcome: Sketch the pattern of major wind systems and regions of vertical motion in the 20
atmosphere.
Section: 06.01 Heating and Cooling Earth's Surface 10
Section: 06.02 Sea Ice and Icebergs 4
Section: 06.03 Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere 16
Section: 06.04 The Atmosphere in Motion 18
Section: 06.05 Modifying the Wind Bands 12
Section: 06.06 Hurricanes and Coastal Flooding 8
Section: 06.07 El Niño-Southern Oscillation 4
Topic: El Niño-Southern Oscillation 4
Topic: Heating and Cooling Earth's Surface 10
Topic: Hurricanes and Coastal Flooding 8
Topic: Modifying the Wind Bands 12
Topic: Sea Ice and Icebergs 4
Topic: Structure and Composition of the Atmosphere 16
Topic: The Atmosphere in Motion 18
6-15

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Investigating Oceanography 2nd

Edition Sverdrup Test Bank

5. If the world's sea ice melted, sea level would rise.

7. The tabular icebergs are formed from sea ice.

18. Hurricanes form over tropical landmasses.

19. In the stratosphere, temperature increases with increased elevation.

20. Earth's weather is formed primarily in the troposphere.

21. Ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the troposphere.

22. The temperature of the troposphere increases with elevation.

23. Increasing water vapor content decreases the density of air.

24. Decreasing the atmospheric pressure increases the density of air.

26. Clouds can either heat or cool Earth.

27. If there were no clouds, Earth would cool.

37. Rain shadows develop on the leeward side of topographic barriers.

38. Hurricanes commonly form at the equator.

A. 45 degrees to the right

A. low pressure; high pressure

43. Air becomes less dense and rises when

45. The Coriolis effect arises primarily from the

A. curvature of Earth's surface.

46. The Coriolis effect

A. deflects to the right in the Northern Hemisphere.

47. The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is

A. offshore; dry monsoon

50. The westerlies lie between which latitudes?

A. 0 degrees and 30°N only

51. The doldrums are found

A. around the poles.

54. The effect of ozone destruction is most severe

56. Clouds ___________ radiation.

57. The Northern Hemisphere polar jet stream

58. Which statement(s) about El Niño is(are) true?

A. It produces warm surface water along the Peru-Ecuador coast.

60. A storm tide is due to the

A. low atmospheric pressure at a storm's center.

63. Atmospheric pressure is greatest in the

64. The greatest concentration of ozone is in the

A. Intertropical Convergence Zone.

68. El Niño events are associated with

A. high pressure in the western Pacific.

A. Earth's axis of rotation is tilted.

71. Heat energy gained at low latitudes is redistributed to higher latitudes by

A. the specific heat of water is less than that of land.

Chapter 06 Test Bank Summary

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