Table 1: Descriptive statistics of demographic variables including year, major, age, GPA, residence, and financial situation

Year
Variables Frequency (N=658) Percentage (%)
Year 658 100.0 250
Freshman 227 34.5
Sophomore 247 37.5 200
Junior 124 18.8
Senior 60 9.1 150
Classified by academic year, the second-year students accounted for the highest
Major 658 100.0 number
100 with 37.5% of the total 658 participants in the survey. Statistical results
Business 548 83.3 show that up to 83.3% of the students are in the business sector and the remaining
Non-business 110 16.7 16.7% is from other sectors. In terms of age, the majority is 20-year-old with 228
students,
50 which accounted for 34.7%. GPA from 3.0-3.5 accounted for the largest
Age 658 100.0 rate with 66.4%. There were 341 students renting apartments during studying at
18 40 6.1 the university. In terms of financial status, 90.6% of students answered that they
were0financially dependent
Freshman on their families,Junior
Sophomore only 9.4% of students
Senior had the ability
19 200 30.4 to be independent and financially self-sufficient during their studies.
20 228 34.7
21 135 20.5 Major
22 33 5.0
23 13 2.0
24 9 1.4
Variables Frequency (N=658) Percentage (%)
GPA 658 100.0
Lower than 2.5 26 4.0
2.6–2.9 146 22.2
3.0–3.5 437 66.4
3.6–4.0 49 7.4
Residence 658 100.0
Dormitory 196 29.8
Business Non-business
Apartment(rent) 341 51.8
House (rent) 15 2.3
House (own) 13 2.0
Age
Live at home with parents 93 14.1 250
Financial Independent 658 100.0
Yes 62 9.4 200
No 596 90.6
150

GPA
100

450 50
400
350 0
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
300
250
200 Residence
150
100 350
300
50
250
0 200
Lower than 2.5 2.6–2.9 3.0–3.5 3.6–4.0
150
100
50
0
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Table 2: Financial Attitude (Mean, Mode, Median, and Standard Deviation) N=658
Variables Mean Mode Median
FA1 4.267 5 4
FA2 4.009 5 4
FA3 3.985 4 4
FA4 4.135 5 4

Tabl
6.000

5.000

4.000

3.000

2.000

1.000

0.000
FA1 FA2

Mean Mode Medi

 Standard Deviation
0.804
0.999
0.908
0.901

Table 2

FA1 FA2 FA3 FA4

Mean Mode Median Standard Deviation

Table 3: Financial Behavior (Mean, Mode, Median, and Standard Deviation) N=658
Variables Mean Mode Median
FB1 - I have a reserve fund 3.652 5 - Strongly agree
FB2 - I analyze finances before making a large
purchase 4.429 5 - Strongly agree
FB3 - I save money every month for future needs 3.830 5 - Strongly agree
FB4 - I make a plan to achieve financial goals 3.795 4 - Agree
Standard Deviation
4 1.187
5 0.818
4 1.073
4 0.980
Table 4: Financial Knowledge (Mean, Mode, Median, and Standard Deviation)
Variables Mean Mode
FK1 - I understand interest rates, financial costs, and credit terms
3.549 4 - Agree
FK2 - I understand investment returns and risks 3.722 4 - Agree
FK3 - I would consider risk and return when making an investment
decision 4.112 5 - Strongly agree
FK4 - Purchasing power decreases when inflation increases 3.884 4 - Agree
FK5 - Personal financial literacy and planning will improve my
family's quality of life. 4.318 5 - Strongly agree
N=658
Median Standard Deviation

4 0.994
4 0.982

4 0.911
4 0.983

4 0.796
Table 5: Perceived Behavior (Mean, Mode, Median, and Standard Deviation) N=658
Variables Mean Mode Median
PBC1 - Saving and investing carefully is a key factor for getting
rich 4.249 5 - Strongly agree 4
PBC2 - I get rich or not depends largely on my ability 4.067 5 - Strongly agree 4
PBC3 - Stay within my budget each month 4.219 5 - Strongly agree 4
PBC4 - Save money for the future each month 3.749 4 - Agree 4
Standard Deviation

0.832
0.964
0.853
1.023
Table 6: Financial Skills (Mean, Mode, Median, and Standard Deviation) N=658
Variables Mean Mode Median
FS1- I have the ability and knowledge to budget day-to-day
finances 3.650 4 - Agree 4
FS2 - I am easily able to keep track of my everyday spending 3.906 4 - Agree 4
FS3 - I think about ways to reduce my spending 4.064 4 - Agree 4
FS4 - I keep a close personal watch on my financial affairs. 3.792 4 - Agree 4
Standard Deviation

0.968
0.954
0.852
0.942
Table 7: Financial Self-Efficacy (Mean, Mode, Median, and Standard Deviation)
Variables Mean Mode Median
FSE1 - I can always overcome difficulties if I try hard 4.055 4 - Agree 4
FSE2 - I stick to spending plans when unexpected expenses
arise 3.693 4 - Agree 4
FSE3 - I am challenged to make progress towards financial
goals 3.623 4 - Agree 4
FS4 - I can find a way to get what I want 3.891 4 - Agree 4
FSE5 - I feel confident in my ability to manage
3.568 3 - Neutral 4
N=658
Standard Deviation
0.828

0.985

0.897
0.809

0.999
Table 8: Financial Decision (Mean, Mode, Median, and Standard Deviation) N=658
Variables Mean Mode Median
FD1 - I regularly seek out financial information and advice 3.576 4 4
FD2 - I understand information I receive concerning financial
products 3.655 4 4
FD3 - I am confident in making financial and investment
decisions 3.377 3 3
FD4 - Before making my decision I consider several policies from
different companies 3.847 4 4
FD5 - Before I buy something I carefully consider whether I can
afford it
4.384 5 5
Standard Deviation
1.003

0.889

0.981

0.906

0.784
Table 9: Financial Well-Being (Mean, Mode, Median, and Standard Deviation)
Variables Mean Mode Median
FWB1 - I have a healthy financial condition 3.716 4 - Agree 4
FWB2 - I am comfortable dealing with the financial
situation 3.502 4 - Agree 4
FWB3 - I am confident in controlling personal finances 3.669 4 - Agree 4
FWB4 - I am satisfied with my overall financial situation 3.480 4 - Agree 4
N=658
Standard Deviation
1.004

1.052
0.962
1.136