LABOR 1 SYLLABUS

PART 1
1st Semester, AY 2022-2023
Atty. Cyrus I. Restauro
Cagayan State University – College of Law

I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
A. Basic policy on labor
B. Construction in favor of labor
C. Constitutional and Civil Code provisions relating to Labor Law
I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
A. Basic policy on labor
1. Declaration of Policy
 Sec. 3, Art. XIII, 1987 Constitution
 Article 3, Labor Code
2. Police Power of State
B. Construction in favor of labor
1. Art. 1702, NCC, in relation to Art. 4, Labor Code
2. Doubt or Ambiguity in Labor Contracts
a. Rule in case of employment contracts
 Babcock-Hitachi [Phils.], Inc. vs. Babcock-Hitachi [Phils.] Inc. vs. Makaati
Employees Union, G.R. No. 156260, March 10, 2005, citing Marcopper
Mining Corporation vs. NLRC., G.R. No. 103525, March 29, 1996, 255
SCRA 322
 Philippine Transmarine Carriers, Inc. vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 123891,
February 28, 2001

b. Rule in case of collective agreements
 Marcopper Mining Corporation vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 103525, March 29,
1996

3. Doubt or Ambiguity in Evidence

 South East International Rattan, Inc. vs. Jesus J. Coming, G.R. No.
186621, March 12, 2014
 Dreamland Hotel Resort vs. Johnson, G.R No. 191455, March 12, 2014
 Hantex Trading Co., Inc. vs. CA, G.R. No. 148241, September 27, 2002
4. Rule Does Not Deprive Employers of Fair Treatment
 Revidad vs NLRC, G.R. No. 111105, June 27, 1995
 PLDT s. NLRC, G.R. No. L-80609, August 23, 1988

C. Constitutional and Civil Code provisions relating to Labor Law

1. Sec. 9, Art. II, 1987 Constitution (Promotion of full employment)
2. Sec. 10, Art. II, 1987 Constitution (Social justice)
– relate to Sec. 3, Art. XIII
3. Sec. 18, Art. II, 1987 Constitution (Protection-to-labor Clause)
 Basis for Art. 1702 of the Civil Code and Art. 4 of the Labor Code
  Agabon vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 158693, Nov. 17, 2004
4. Sec. 20, Art. II, 1987 Constitution (Role of Private Sector)
5. Sec. 4, Art. III, 1987 Constitution (Freedom of Speech)
o Distinction between picket and strike
6. Sec. 8, Art. III, 1987 Constitution (Freedom of Association)
o Art. 3 and 253, Labor Code
o Art. 218 (A)(c), Labor Code
o Art. 257, Labor Code
7. Sec. 10, Art. III, 1987 Constitution (Freedom of contract)
o Serrano vs. Gallant Maritime Services, Inc., G.R. No. 167614, March 24,
2009
o Anucension vs. National Labor Union, G.R. No. L-26097, Nov. 29, 1977
o Conference of Maritime Manning Agencies, Inc. vs. POEA, G.R. No.
114714, April 21, 1995

8. Sec. 16, Art. III, 1987 Constitution

o Cadalin vs. POEA, NLRC, G.R. Nos. 104776, 104911-14, and 105029-32,
December 5, 1994
o Habana vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 129418, Sept. 10, 1999

9. Sec. 18[2], Art. III, 1987 Constitution

a) Voluntary resignation
o BPI vs. BPI Employees Union, G.R. No. 164301, Aug. 10,
2010

b) Return-to-work order in national interest disputes

o Marcopper Mining Corp. s. Brillante, G.R. No. 119381,
March 11, 1996

c) Compusory fulfilment of military or civic duty

o Sec, 4, Art. II, 1987 Constitution
o Art. 301, Labor Code

9. Sec. 2, Art. XIII, 1987 Constitution (Social Justice)

o Calalang vs. Williams, G.R. No. 4700, Dec. 2, 1940

10. Sec. 3, Art. XIII, 1987 Constitution (Protection-to-Labor Clause)

o 7 Cardinal Rights of Laborers

o ISAE vs. Quisumbing, G.R. No. 128845, June 1, 2000
o Asia Brewery, Inc. vs. TPMA, G.R. Nos. 171594-96, September 18, 2013
o Agabon vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 158693, Nov. 17, 2004

11. Sec. 14, Art. XIII, 1987 Constitution (Protection of Women)

 12. Constitutional Rights that Cannot be Invoked in Company-level
Administrative Cases

a.) Right to Constitutional Due Process

 Agabon vs. NLRC
b.) Right to Equal Protection of the Laws
 Yrasuegui vs. PAL, G.R. No. 168081, October 17, 2009
c.) Right to Counsel
 Lopez vs. Alturas Group of Companies, G.R. No. 1911008,
April 11, 2011
13. Art. 1700, Civil Code (Labor contracts impressed with public interest)
 Leyte Geothermal vs. PNOC-EDC, G.R. No. 170351, March 30, 2011
 Halaguena vs. PAL, G.R. No. 172013, October 2, 2009,
14. Art. 1701, Civil Code (Proscription on Oppression Between Capit and Labor)
 Milan vs. NLRC, G.R. No. 202961, Feb. 4, 2015.
15. Art. 1702, Civil Code (Liberal Construction in Favor of Laborer)
16. Art. 1703, Civil Code (Prohibition on Involuntary Servitude in Contracts)