Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CO_Q2_UCSP SHS
Module 1
Understanding Culture Society and Politics
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 1: State and Non-State Institutions
First Edition, 2021
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Understanding Culture
Society and Politics
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
State and Non-State
Institution
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
ii
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of understanding culture society and politics. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read
them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module is about the forms and functions of state and non-state institutions.
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What I Know
Directions: Read the following questions carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Use separate sheet for your answers.
1. The state works like a family; it creates agencies to provide for the welfare of
its members. Meanwhile, non-state institutions work as _________________ to
lessen the burden of the state.
a. parents
b. brothers and sisters
c. tito and tita
d. lolo and lola
4. Non-state agencies like JICA, CIDA, and USAID provide financial assistance
to particular projects of a country like building bridges or roads that are
essential for development. Which non-state institution provides this kind of
aid?
a. Banks
b. Corporation
c. Civil organization
d. Development agencies
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5. Former United States of America vice president Al Gore went to the country
last 2017 to speak about the impacts of climate change. This kind of
advocacy is the duty provided by a non-state agency known as
____________________.
a. Bank
b. Corporation
c. Civil organization
d. Development agencies
6. There are various kinds of institutions in any society. Some are state-owned
while some are not. Which of the following can be an example of a non-state
institution?
a. Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)
b. Banks
c. Local government
d. Philippine executive government
7. Non-state institutions are not directly connected to the government, but still
play a significant role in performing state functions. Which of the following is
LEAST likely to be a classification of non-state institutions?
a. Civil
b. Market
c. Political
d. Transnational
8. Non-state institutions from other countries can also have a big impact to the
Philippines. What is the MOST expected function of these non-state
institutions?
a. Development
b. Investigations
c. Investments, finances
d. Reforms on economic and political practices
10. Non-state institutions are often seen as doing what the government also
does. To set it apart from the government, which of the following terms
BEST describes non-state institutions?
a. Involuntary
b. Locally based
c. Non-governmental
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d. Publicly and privately owned
11. Non-state institutions play a very important role in people’s daily lives.
Which non-state institution helps people acquire money or property in
order to start a business?
a. Banks
b. Cooperatives
c. Corporations
d. Trade unions
14. Civil organizations come in many forms. Which one is MOST expected to
show the realities of the daily living of ordinary members of society?
a. Law firms
b. Mass media
c. Overseas research team
d. People’s organizations in communities
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Lesson
What’s In
Any state in the world formulates its own government agency to achieve the needs
of its people. However, in most democratic society, the state government allows
business individuals, corporations, and non-profit organizations to deliver goods
and services for the citizens (De Leon 2008).
A country can be associated with how a family functions; there are authoritarian
parents who determine the future of their children. Meanwhile, there are lenient
parents who allow their children to grow with minimum restrictions. In general,
parents must do necessary actions to feed the family, provide proper clothing, send
children to school, give a decent shelter, give medicine in times of sickness, and
save some budget or resources in case of emergency. Yet, no matter how parents
work to make both ends meet, there are always some issues left undone (“The
Philippines”).
On the contrary, family remains as a family no matter how imperfect they are. They
must help one another as a unit or an entity to avoid problems as much as
possible. They must utilize all resources to make possibilities to happen.
Meanwhile, children play a vital role in the family by being responsible and
sensitive individuals who do their own share, like turning off the lights or other
appliances when not in use, do some households chores, or apply for scholarship,
for an instance, to ease the burden of tuition fees, and the likes (Halili-Jao 2018).
The government is at its best in providing the necessity of its people by allocating
all its resources to meet the demands of its citizenry. However, like an ordinary
family, no matter how the government work to make both ends meet, there is
always some issues that needs to be worked upon (Panopio 1995).
On the other hand, non-state institutions are created to back up the government in
filling in the gap between the state and its people. In order to achieve their
mission, non-state institutions produce results that uplift the condition of the
people in general. Banks, corporations, trade unions, cooperatives, development
agencies, civil organizations and transnational advocacy group are created to lift
the condition of all sectors of the society (Baleña 2016).
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What’s New
Matching Type. Match Column A with Column B, Write the letter of the correct
answer before the number.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
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MAGIC LETTERS, MAGIC PICTURES
Look at the images below. Pay attention to the boxes with magic letters attached to
them. Then, follow instructions on the next parts of the activity.
___________________________________________________________
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Arrange the magic letters below to form a word that describes the institutions
inside the bubbles where your magic letters are attached. Four letters of the word
are already given:
MAGIC WORD N N T T
Example 1. 1 0 1 0 1 0
Example 2. 1 3 1 1 1 0
Example 3. 2 1 1 1 1 1
Example 4. 0 2 1 1 1 1
Example 5. 2 1 1 1 1 5
Example 6. 2 2 1 1 2 0
Example 7. 2 2 2 3 5 1
Found the magic word? If yes, then use the numbers below each magic letter to
complete the puzzle on the next page. The numbers tell the number of times the
magic letter will be used to form each example of a non-state institution. Some
letters are already given below. Note: Red boxes correspond to spaces.
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Based on the words formed in the previous puzzle, name the pictures seen earlier
in this activity. Meanwhile, make sure to examine and connect the pictures below
by writing the answers on the spaces provided.
1. ____________________
2. ____________________ 3. ____________________
4. ____________________ 5. ____________________
7. ____________________
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What is It
(Background) Institutions
Most communist countries, like the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republic
(USSR), and North Korea, are governed by their respective governments alone. They
do not allow private companies or individuals to do business in their land; thus,
the people have no opportunity to choose because the government decide what is
best for their own citizens (Panopio 1995).
Certain organizations help keep these basic institutions in place. Politically, the
Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) helps the government maintain peace and
order throughout its territory. The Local Government Units (LGU) is created to
cater the needs of the local barangays or communities. The Department of
Education (DepEd) ensures the quality of education based on the needs and norms
the society. The different branches of the government create, implement, and
interpret the laws we use as guide for our conduct. These organized, political
bodies are called state institutions. Government-controlled state institutions fulfil
the wishes of the Philippine State: public service and public control. For example,
the government may declare martial law in a troubled area, and the AFP makes
sure that this is strictly followed, whether the people like it or not (De Leon 2008).
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Non-State Institutions
Ideally, in a democratic country, major industries must be under the control of the
state, like banks, petroleum, transportation, and communication because they are
vital in the economy of the country. However, in the recent years, the said
industries are being sold to private entities to carry away the burden from its
operation and maintenance. Today, private corporations headed by executives
controls the major industries in the country with very minimum government
supervision, most of these are petroleum (Shell, Caltex and Petron),
telecommunication (Smart, Globe and PLDT), transportation (Cebu Pacific and
Philippine Air Lines), etc. These entities significantly affect the lives of the people
either directly or indirectly (Baleña 2016).
Moreover, if you wish to have a car but do not have the enough money to buy, one
can find a bank that offers car loan arrangements. If one wishes to own a business
but hesitant to fail, he or she may consider the stock market and be a shareholder
in a corporation. If a worker wants a better compensation, he or she may join and
be part of a trade union. These are just some examples of non-state institutions:
non-governmental organizations operating to satisfy many of our short-term and
long-term, small-scale, and large-scale, and tangible and intangible demands (De
Leon 2008).
1. Banks help us keep our money, avail different kinds of loan, and exchange
currencies. The accumulated money of the bank is invested to some projects
to gain profit; this is how banks pay their workers and depositors’ interest
depending on the agreed terms.
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Although there are state and non-state banks in the country, both types
serve their respective purposes. Yet, most depositors choose state banks
because the government itself backs it up, thus the possibility of bankruptcy
is very small. On the other hand, corporations or group of individuals
manages non-state banks. Although ensured by the government through the
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, it is but only to a minimum extent. Like in the
case of certain banks, when a bank declares bankruptcy, each depositor
could only receive only a portion of their deposit (Contreras et al. 2016).
Examples of banks include the Bank of the Philippine Islands, Metrobank,
and Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation (RCBC).
3. Trade unions. There are some entrepreneurs who are only after for profit,
and they tend to maximize working hours and minimize wages as much as
possible. This is where the trade union steps in. They look after the well-
being of the workers. Collectively, they raise issues such as low salary, lack
of compensation, etc. to the management that sometimes ends up with work
“stoppage” or strike until the demands of both sides are met. (Contreras et
al. 2016).
Trade unions are created to protect the labor force of the country. Workers
are essential to the creation of goods and services for the citizenry. In the
Philippines, the Trade Union Congress of the Philippines has the largest
membership.
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Development agencies works as a bank that provides financial assistance to
important projects. The creation of bridge that connects one province to
another, or road construction that helps ordinary farmers transport their
products may be put into reality through the help of these agencies.
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What’s More
1. Examine the pictures on the previous page. What is the importance of each non-
state institution to our country? Answer this question by completing the
unfinished statements below.
2. Are these non-state institutions connected to the government? If yes, how? If no,
why not?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
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What I Have Learned
What are the duties and responsibilities of the state to its people?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
__
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What I Can Do
Read and analyze the quotation together with its hashtags. Afterwards, explain
what you understand about the statement by completing the phrase below.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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Assessment
Direction: Read the following items carefully. Shade the circle that corresponds to
the letter of your answer.
2. Non-state agencies like JICA, CIDA, and USAID provide financial assistance
to particular projects of a country like building bridges or roads that are
essential for development. Which non-state institution provides this kind of
aid?
a. Banks
b. Corporation
c. Civil organization
d. Development agencies
3. There are various kinds of institutions in any society. Some are state-owned
while some are not. Which of the following can be an example of a non-state
institution?
a. Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)
b. Banks
c. Local government
d. Philippine executive government
4. Non-state institutions from other countries can also have a big impact to the
Philippines. What is the MOST expected function of these non-state
institutions?
a. Development
b. Investigations
c. Investments, finances
d. Reforms on economic and political practices
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5. Non-state institutions are often seen as doing what the government also
does. To set it apart from the government, which of the following terms BEST
describes non-state institutions?
a. Involuntary
b. Locally-based
c. Non-governmental
d. Publicly and privately owned
8. The state works as a family, it creates agencies to provide for the welfare of
its members. Meanwhile, non-state institutions work as _______________ to
lessen the burden of the state-government.
a. parents
b. brothers and sisters
c. tito and tita
d. lolo and lola
10. Former United States of America vice president Al Gore went to the country
last 2017 to speak about the impacts of climate change. This kind of
advocacy is the duty provided by a non-state agency known as ____.
a. Bank
b. Corporation
c. Civil organization
d. Development agencies
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11. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about non-state institutions?
a. Some are for profit while some are not.
b. Some are foreign while some are local.
c. They contribute a lot to the economy.
d. They do not influence what the government does.
12. Non-state institutions are not directly connected to the government, but
still play a significant role in performing state functions. Which of the
following is LEAST likely to be a classification of non-state institutions?
a. Civil
b. Market
c. Political
d. Transnational
14. Non-state institutions play a very important role in people’s daily lives.
Which non-state institution helps people acquire money or property in
order to start a business?
a. Banks
b. Cooperatives
c. Corporations
d. Trade unions
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Additional Activities
Match each problem with the non-state institution that could solve the issue. Write
the letters of your choice on the blanks.
F G H I J
Advocacy Bank Cooperative Development Trade
Group Agency Union
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Answer Key
Additional Activity
A. H
B. F
C. G
D. J
E. I
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References
De Leon, Hector S. 2008. Philippine Constitution. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.
Halili-Jao, Nina . 2018 “The evolving Filipino family value system”. Philstar.com. Accessed
June 9, 2020. www.philstar.com/lifestyle/allure/2018/07/29/1837596/evolving-
filipino-family-value-sytem.
Panopio, Isabel S., Felicidad V. Cordero-MacDonald and Adelisa A. Raymundo. 1995.
Sociology Focus on the Philippines. Quezon City, Rex Publishing House Inc.
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