Research Format

SAN ISIDRO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
C. Lawis Extension, Brgy. San Isidro, Antipolo City, 1870

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INCLUSIVE NOT EXCLUSIVE: IMPACT ON THE MORALE OF CROSS-
DRESSING OF LGBTQIA+ SENIOR HIGH STUDENTS
IN SAN ISIDRO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
A Research Paper Presented to the
Faculty of the Senior High School
San Isidro National High School
Antipolo City
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements in the Subject
Practical Research 1
Mark Anthony Africa
John Drake Boqueo
Jerico Competente
Eduard Poliquit
HUMSS 12-02
Roselyn Mae Lanuzo-Bhattacharjee
Research Teacher
JUNE 19, 2023

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I: The Problem and Its Background
Introduction
Background of the Study
Significance of the Study
Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
Statement of the Problem
The Hypothesis of the Study
Operational Definition of Variables
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
CHAPTER II: Review of Related Literature and Studies
Foreign Literature and Studies
Local Literature/Study
CHAPTER III: Research Design and Methodology
A. Methods and Techniques Used
B. Population and Sample of the Study
C. Instrument of the Study
D. Data Gathering Procedure
E. Data Processing and Statistical Treatment

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CHAPTER IV: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data
CHAPTER V: Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation
Summary of Findings
Conclusion
Recommendations
References
Appendices
Curriculum Vitae
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CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This chapter presents the introduction, background of the study, scope
and limitation of the study, statement of the problem, hypothesis, theoretical
framework, conceptual framework and definition of terms.
INTRODUCTION
Many adolescents came out and acknowledged that they belong in the
LGBTQIA+ group, knowing that their chances of being accepted by society are
improving and becoming more certain. Thus, a lot of private non-sectarian
universities and colleges had been also implemented changes for their
LGBTQIA+ students. And one of those changes is allowing them to cross-dress
or wear uniform based on their gender preference. Educators and school
administrators recognize these changes a part of providing students with a
quality education because it involves facilitating a positive school climate and
providing students with targeted social and emotional supports that foster
positive developmental outcomes. For students who identify as lesbian, gay,
bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning (LGBTQ), these supports can be
particularly important in ensuring that they are able to meet their full potential
(Russell, Kosciw, Horn, & Saewyc, 2013).

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However, for some schools and colleges, they can’t accept these changes
and continue to rely on their old and mundane traditions. As a result, they
became rigid and close-minded that they weren’t aware that they were already
affecting the morale like self-confidence of their students. As it stated, by
accepting of one's personally-defined gender identity has been found to increase
confidence as gender identity aligns more closely with stereotypical notions of
gender as they wear their preferred clothes based on their gender identity
(Watson, 2013).
That is why the researchers conducted research regarding this issue to
raise awareness and hopefully, to resolve it.
This study will discuss the impact on the morale of cross-dressing of
LGBTQIA+ Senior High students in San Isidro National High School. The
researchers were able to come up with the said research topic because the
school abides to the traditional rule that male and female students should wear
the uniforms assigned to their gender regardless of their preference. Thus, they
want to discover and determine how it affects their morale as an individual in
terms of social, physical, and mental health, which will later be answered in this
research.
The researchers also seek to create more inclusive and supportive
environment for cross-dressing individuals and spread awareness to prevent
gender inequality, gender violence, and discrimination that are currently
happening inside their school. The status quo is being challenged though by the
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recently released DepEd order number 32 series of 2022 entitled, “Gender-
Responsive Basic Education Policy”, in which some schools especially in
CALABARZON resulted to allowing their students to wear the clothes they want
according to their gender preference.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Cross-dressing is commonly perceived by the people as the act of
dressing how the opposite sex dresses up. For example, men wearing women’s
clothes and vice-versa. Cross-dressing is used for different purposes like for
entertainment, for fashion and for self-expression. Apparently, cross-dressers are
increasing in years and changing the society of today. Several literature-based
studies on this topic have been evident and one noticeable point, which is
strongly associated with cross dressers or this form of personality to dress and
behave of the opposite sex comes from the region of an individual’s sexual
behavior. In some universities and institutions, they abide to the traditional rule
that male and female students should wear the uniforms assigned to their gender
regardless of their preference for some reason, and that became a controversial
issue especially in the Philippines. Having no authority or power to speak up,
they don’t have an option but to accept their fate to wear uniforms based on their
sexual preference not on their gender preference. Not until on June 28, 2022, a
viral post on Facebook posted by Mela Habijan, caught the attention of many
netizens. The post was all about the DepEd Regional Memorandum allowing
students to come as they are in school activity such as graduation. It was signed
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by OIC-Usec and RD Wille Cabral, the memo reiterated the Gender Responsive
Basic Education Policy. Gender Identity and Gender Expression were hereby
recognized on that day. But even so, still, some public schools didn’t allow and
encourage their respective students who are part of LGBTQIA+ to wear their
desired uniform based on their gender preference and that greatly affects their
morale as they encountered discrimination and gender inequality.
In this research, the researchers will determine the impact on the morale of
cross-dressing of LGBTQIA+ senior high students in San Isidro National High
School.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
This study will focus on the intent to discover the impact on the morale of
cross-dressing of LGBTQIA+ senior high students in San Isidro National High
School. To attain the discoveries that the researchers are looking for, they will
interview their respondents with the use of recordings and guided questionnaires
to easily obtain their needed answers in their research.
The respondents of this study will be the Senior High Students (Grade 11
and 12) in San Isidro National High School who is a member/part of LGBTQIA+
community.
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STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
This research aims to discover the impact on the morale of cross-dressing
of LGBTQIA+ senior high students in San Isidro National High School. The
following questions are expected to be answered:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
a. Age
b. Gender
2. What are the impact on the morale of cross-dressing of LGBTQIA+ in terms of:
a. Social
b. Mental/psychological
c. Physical Health
3. How can senior high schools create a more inclusive and supportive
environment for cross-dressing individuals, and what strategies can be
implemented to promote positive morale within this group?
HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY
1. The morale of LGBTQIA+ students may suffer in a variety of ways if cross-
dressing is not permitted. Low self-confidence can result, and they might
end up disappointed.
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
• Profile of
Collection of data Insights into the
selected
based on profile of
LGBTQIA+
interviews respondents.
senior
and Understand the
high students
questionnaires. impact of
crossdressing on
a. age
morale, and provide
b. gender
strategies for
creating inclusive
and supportive
environment in
senior high school.
Figure 1
Conceptual Framework of the study, Impact on the Morale of Cross-Dressing
of LGBTQIA+ Senior High Students in San Isidro National High School.
The Conceptual Framework follows an Input-Process-Output (IPO) model,
which provides a systematic way to understand the research process.

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● The first box in the input phase involves identifying the variables to be
examined. In this case, the profile of respondents in terms of age and
gender is considered as input data.
● The second box in the process focused on analyzing the impact of cross-
dressing on morale and exploring strategies to create an inclusive and
supportive environment for LGBTQIA+ in SHS by interviewing the
respondents.
● The third box in the output includes the outcome of the research
By following this Input-Process-Output framework, the research on the
profile of respondents, the impact of cross-dressing on the morale, and the
strategies for creating an inclusive environment for LGBTQIA+, can be
systematically conducted, analyzed, and translated with meaningful outcome.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This study was anchored by Maslow’s hierarchical order of needs, clothing
ranks in a basic physical need category along with food and shelter. The human
motivation theory is based on five basic human needs: physiological, safety,
belonging or love, self- esteem, self- actualization. These needs build on each
other with one motivation needing to be fulfilled before moving on to the next, to
finally reaching self-actualization. Although Maslow equated clothing with the
physiological need, there is “evidence that higher-order needs, such as belonging
and self- esteem can be satisfied through clothing

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This theory is relevant to the study of the researchers because it emphasizes
and highlights how clothing is important to human motivation particularly in self-
belonging and self-esteem. Self-esteem is the subjective sense of overall
personal worth or value. Similar to self-respect, it describes the level of
confidence in the abilities and attributes. (Kendra Cherry, 2022) While self-
belonging is the feeling of security and support when there is a sense of
acceptance, inclusion, and identity for a member of a certain group. It is when an
individual can bring their authentic self to work. With the support of the theory
stated above, these factors are important in achieving self-actualization which an
individual reaches his or her full potential than can evidently satisfied through
wearing a preferred clothing. By suppressing this, we can conclude that it can
affect an individual's self-esteem, especially their self-confidence leading to more
negative factors like being unproductive not only at work, but in schools and
universities as well.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF VARIABLE
Cross-dressing. This refers to the act of wearing clothes traditionally or stereo
typically associated with a different gender.
LGBTQIA+. This refers to the acronym stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual,
transgender, queer, questioning, intersex, asexual, and the + holds space for the
expanding and new understanding of different parts of the very diverse gender
and sexual identities.

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Morale. This refers to a sense of well-being that comes from confidence,
usefulness, and purpose. It also associates the mental and emotional condition
(as of enthusiasm, spirit, or loyalty) of an individual or a group with regard to a
task or goal to be accomplished.
Inclusive. This refers to a way of acknowledging and respecting the diversity of
bodies, genders, and relationships.
Exclusive. This refers to restricting or limiting the person or group. An
individual’s are blocked from (or denied full access to) various rights and
opportunities.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study aims to determine the impact on the morale of cross-dressing of
LGBTQIA+ senior high students in San Isidro National High School. It will also
serve as an eye opener for those people who strongly disagree on allowing
cross-dressing particularly in school, as this research shows the possible impacts
of it on their student's morale well-being.
The following shall benefit from the outcome of the study:
Students. This study will serve as an eye opener for many students on how their
fellow students who are members and part of LGBTQIA+ struggles to show their
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true identity by wearing clothes, especially school uniform that’s uncomfortable
and not assigned regarding to their gender preference.
Teachers. Through this study, it will give a perspective to the teachers that can
possibly open their minds, coming from LGBTQIA+ students that are
experiencing gender inequality with regards to cross-dressing inside their school.
Furthermore, as second parents or guardians of students, they might be able to
realize it and come up with a possible solution.
Parents. Through this study, the parents will become aware of how this issue
affects their children who are members of the LGBTQIA+ community in terms of
mental, physical, and social health.
School Administrators. This study is significant to enlighten and educate the
school administrators to open their minds to promote and advocate for changes
in the rules and regulations of the school regarding the gender-responsive basic
education policy.
Researchers. Through this study, researchers will become aware of the situation
their respondents are facing. At the same time, they will gain a lot of knowledge
that will mold how the solution will be processed in this research.
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Future Researchers. The outcome of the study is beneficial to the future
researchers. This study may be one of the bases that a new theory in learning
will use.
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
In this chapter, the readers will be able to read the Related Literature and
Studies published by different researchers from different countries, and by local
researchers. Their studies greatly support the topic of this research to be more
credible and will help the smooth flow of the research process.
FOREIGN STUDIES/LITERATURE
Cross-dressing as Gender Expression
There are numerous definitions and perspectives with regard to cross-
dressing. Cross-dressing is defined as wearing the clothing of the opposite sex
(Vencato 2013). Cross dressing laws can be challenged on various grounds
especially inside the institution like school campus. One’s choice of attire may be
described as an expression of individual liberty and autonomy, or an expressive
statement protected under the right to freedom of expression.
Recent research has found that not only can it affect other people’s
perceptions of you but it can also affect how you perceive yourself. Adam
Galinsky (2013), proposed that clothes have a cognitive effect on the individual
wearing them. Resulting from a symbolic meaning attached to the clothing along
with the actual wearing of the clothes. He coined the term, en clothed cognition,
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for this phenomenon. Enclothed cognition captures the systematic influence that
clothes have on the wearer’s psychological processes. It is part of a larger field of
research that examines how humans think with, both their brains and their
bodies, an area of study known as embodied cognition. His research found that
whilst wearing a lab coat to perform certain tasks participants made significantly
less errors than those who wore their own clothes. They also found that, in
relation to the symbolic meaning of the clothing, those who wore the lab coat
believed to be a doctors’ coat performed better on a task than those who wore
the coat but believed it was a painters’ coat. They believe that clothing holds
symbolic meaning. They claim that the influence of clothes depends both on
wearing the clothing and the meaning it invokes in their psychological schemas.
People must ascribe a symbolic meaning to the article of clothing and actually
wear it, for that clothing to have any measurable effect.
In other study, cross-dressers do not only dress like the opposite sex but
act as if they are in the opposite sex. Weber & Delfin(2014). It also added that
cross-dressing can be a “behavior involving more than clothes” Cross-dressers
cross-dress to express their gender identity. Bolich (2013). It is one of their ways
to show who truly they are and they wanted to express that their “gender identity
is not paired with their sexual body in the way their culture expects” Thus, by
allowing them to cross-dress can boost and increase their self confidence when
facing in public places. It also allows them to show and portray their true identity
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that can result in productivity based on the study that being yourself is the best
way to form meaningful relationships, which are integral to career success and
growth, no matter what field you work in. This shows that people with a robust
social network have better job performance, feel more fulfilled, and even live
longer. McPherson (2021) .
Exclusivity as Discrimination
Discrimination is the unfair or prejudicial treatment of people and groups
based on characteristics such as race, gender, age, or sexual orientation. It
occurs when people are treated less favorably than other people are in a
comparable situation only because they belong, or are perceived to belong to a
certain group or category of people. APA (2022). In 2021, the International
Labour Conference adopted a Resolution concerning inequalities and the world
of work that notes that discrimination, including systemic, not allowing cross-
dressing, multiple and intersectional forms of discrimination, remains a persistent
and pervasive dimension, and a root cause of inequality. Research has shown
that countering discrimination and promoting inclusion like allowing themselves to
express their true identity improves work place productivity, job satisfaction,
personal and social well-being, academic performance, and morale. The
pervasiveness of discrimination against LGBTIQ+ persons across countries and
cultures demonstrates the vital need for tailored local responses to ensure equal
opportunities and treatment not only in workplace, but also inside the school. By
ceasing discrimination, we can provide a healthy environment where gender

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inequality would not grow in foster.
Appearance and Sexuality
Research has emphasized the significance of clothing and appearance in
communicating sexuality and identity in the LGBTQ community. Historically,
LGBTQ political and social movements have used dress to both blend in and/or
to be visible (Cole 2013). School dress and appearance have been strong
influences in constructing LGBTQ identities. In such, the LGBTQ community
respects each individual’s freedom to dress as visually or elusively as one
desires (Karaminas 2013). The related literature presented in this study has a
significant relationship with the future study in the sense of having individual’s
freedom to dress according to what they desire can lead to a better community
where the word ‘respect’ plays a vital role in achieving such thing.
Confidence
Acceptance of one's personally-defined gender identity has been found to
increase confidence as gender identity aligns more closely with stereotypical
notions of gender as they wear their preferred clothes based on their gender
identity (Watson, 2013). This clearly shows that allowing cross-dressing, can
greatly affects the morale well-being of an individual which can result into many
factors. Moreover, accepting them as who they are based on their gender
identity, will surely boost their self-confidence in public.
Gender Expression
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Research about cross-dressing shows wearing the clothes of the opposite
sex according to Weber & Delfin (2014). However, it was also added that cross-
dressers do not only dress like the opposite sex but act as if they are in the
opposite sex. Bolich, stated that cross-dressing can be a “behavior involving
more than clothes” It was added that some crossdressers cross-dress to
express their gender identity. These people wanted to express that their
“gender identity is not paired with their sexual body in the way their culture
expects''.
LOCAL STUDY
Gendered Uniform Restrictions and its impact
“In high school, if you had long hair, the teacher would call you up to the
front of the class and cut your hair in front of everyone,” Marisol, a 21-year-old
transgender woman in Manila, told me. “That happened to me many times. It
made me feel terrible. I cried every time.”. As documented in a new Human
Rights Watch report, this kind of public humiliation is all too common for lesbian,
gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) students in the Philippines, where many
secondary schools and even universities impose rigidly gendered uniform and
hair-length restrictions on students according to the sex they were assigned at
birth, nominally for school discipline or pride. However, when students asked
about the policies at their respective schools, in many cases teachers and
administrators provided little to no explanation for these requirements. “I’ve
asked them if having short or long hair will affect my performance as a student,”
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said Felix, a 22-year-old gay high school student in Legazpi. “The administration
says, no: you just have to cut your hair, you’re a boy” Not only do these
restrictions have zero educational value, they can be extremely damaging for
LGBT students’ mental health and ability to learn. Daniel Lee (2017).
DepEd Memorandum
According to Nick Garcia (2022) The Department of Education (DepEd) has
directed the "strict implementation" of its executive order protecting the
community from gender-based violence and discrimination in DepEd elementary
and high schools across all regions in the country. LGBTQIA+ advocate Mela
Franco Habijan in a Facebook post Sept. 2 shared DepEd's memo reminding
regional directors and school heads about its E.O. 32 series of 2017, or the
Gender Responsive Basic Education Policy in line with the gradual return to in-
person classes. Habijan has been sharing incidents of schools that discriminate
against LGBTQIA+ students, like the case of three youngsters with long hair who
were forced to have a haircut, as well as a cum laude graduate whose photo will
reportedly not be flashed during ceremonies for supposed "cross-dressing.".
"WE FINALLY WON THE BATTLE!" Habijan wrote in a Facebook post Sept. 2.
"LGBTQIA+ KIDS, SIMULA SA ARAW NA ITO, MALAYA NA TAYONG MAGING

TAYO SA PAARALAN! FROM THIS DAY ON, ALL TRANS AND NON-BINARY
STUDENTS AND TEACHERS CAN EXPRESS IN THE GENDER THAT THEY
IDENTIFY AS! NO LGBTQIA+ STUDENTS WILL BE DISCRIMINATED DUE TO

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THEIR IDENTITIES, ORIENTATION, AND EXPRESSION!" the Miss Trans
Global 2020 added

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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter gives an outline of research methods that were followed in
the study. It provides information of the participants and how they will be
sampled. The researchers describe the research design that was chosen for the
purpose of this study and the reasons for this choice. The researcher also
discusses the methods that will be used to analyze the data that will be gathered.
Furthermore, the instrument that will be used for data collection is also described
and the procedures that will be followed in carrying out this study are included.
Research Method and Technique Used
The researchers will use the qualitative interview methodology and
descriptive and narrative design as the study is attempting to discover the impact
on the morale of cross-dressing of LGBTQIA+senior high students in San Isidro
National High School. Specifically, a semi-structured interview will be conducted
so that the researchers can ask additional questions during the interview if
clarifications and further explanations will be needed. The respondents’ subject
and objective impact are expected to form the core data of the study; hence it
needed the method that would deal with the topic in a narrative and descriptive
nature.
According to Oakley, qualitative interview is a type of framework in which

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the practices and standards be not only recorded, but also achieved, challenged
and as well as reinforced. Interviews are particularly useful for getting the story
behind a participant’s experiences. The interviewer can pursue in-depth
information around the topic.
An interview guide will be administered to the respondents prior to the
interview proper which will include the questions that they will be asked during
the interview.
Leedy (1993) explains that qualitative research is based on the belief that
firsthand experience provides the most meaningful data. It is also believed that
qualitative data gives large volumes of quality data from a limited number of
people. It is aimed at understanding the world of participants from their frame of
reference (Walker).
Research Locale
This study will be conducted in San Isidro National High School, a public
institution located at C. Lawis Ext. Antipolo City during the School Year 2022-
2023. Since the study’s aim is to determine the impact on the morale of cross-
dressing of LGBTQIA+ senior high students, the researcher will conduct this
study inside their school.

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Research Participants
The participants of the study consisted of seven (7) LGBTQIA+ senior high
students of San Isidro National High School. At present, SINHS has a large
population of LGBTQIA+ members however, the researchers have decided to
select only the said number of students from senior high school.
Data Collection Procedure
After randomly selecting the respondents to be interviewed, a consent form
and a guide questions will be given to each of them before the interview and will
serve as a document proving that they have given their permission for them to be
interviewed by the researchers. A brief description of the study is printed in the
consent form which also include the confidentiality and disclosure of the
respondents' name during and after the completion of the study. After the
consent form have been signed by the respondents, the interviewer will inform
them when the interview proper starts and so as the recording. When all the
respondents have already been interviewed, the answers will be transcribed into
texts for analyzation. Since this study is descriptive in nature, the use of a semi-
structured interview will allow the researchers some flexibility in the way they
worded the questions for each individual respondent. It will also give the
researchers the opportunity to probe for more information and clarification when
necessary. The researchers need to have a skill to match the interview questions
to an appropriate technique (Neuman, 2000)

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Data Analysis Procedure
When the answers of the respondents have already been transcribed into
texts, which was referred by Mthembu (2000) as raw data that need to be
converted into refined data for better analysis by the researcher, these would be
translated into English as part of data refinement. The refined data will be
analyzed using thematic analysis. Braun and Clarke (2006) state that thematic
analysis is a foundational method of analysis that needed to be defined and
described to solidify its place in qualitative research. It is a method for identifying,
analyzing, organizing, describing, and reporting themes found within a data set
(Braun & Clarke, 2006).The respondents’ answers to each questions will be
evaluated into codes and these codes will be simplified into categories, and from
the categories, the researchers will generate a theme which will represent the
answer that prevailed for each questions raised in this study.

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CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter of the paper presents the data gathered from the 7 LGBTQIA+
members of Senior High students at San Isidro National High School, who
served as respondents of this research. It also provides the analysis and
interpretation of data that has been organized according to the research
enumerated in the second chapter of this research.
Profiles of the interviewees
The table below illustrates the age of the participants and as well as their
gender classifications.
Table 1: Age range and gender classifications of the participants
Frequency Percentage
Age 17-19 4 57%
20-23 3 43%
Lesbian 2 43%
Gay
Gender Bisexual 1 14%
Transgender 4 43%
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Four executives were aged between 17 to 19 years old and three were 20 to
23 years old. When it comes to their gender preferences, 3 were classified as
lesbian, 3 were transgender and 1 was bisexual.
Moreover, it should be noted that most of the participants were transgender
and all of their responses were affected according to their gender and age.
Impact on the Morale of cross-dressing in terms of:
a. Social
Social health is the ability of individuals to form healthy and rewarding
interpersonal relationships with others. It can also be defined as our ability to
interact and form meaningful relationships with others. It also relates to how
comfortably and confident we can adapt in social situations. Tammy George
(2023)
Based on the researchers' result, all of their participants admitted that
wearing their gender preferred uniform makes them comfortable interacting with
other people and it gives them confidence to be themselves in public.
Interviewee 5 said:
"Oo naman syempre, ano na eexpress yung totoong ikaw tapos confident ka
makipaghalubilo sa ibang tao kasi hindi kana nahihiya kasi yung soot mo is
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according sa gender preference mo kaya mas eexpress mo kung sino ka talaga."
(Yes, of course. You can express your true identity and your true self that will
gain your confidence interacting with other people because you're no longer shy
and feel discriminated because you are wearing your uniform based on you
gender preference.)
Interviewee 6 also shared that:
"Oo, Dahil mas nagiging confident akong makipagusap sa iba dahil suot ko ang
gusto kong uniform. Kasi naiiwasan kong mag isip ng kung ano ano, kung
pinagtatawanan ba nila ako o pinag uusapan."
(Yes, I feel more confident interacting with others if I wear my preferred uniform.
Because it allows me to overthink less that they were making fun of me.)
On the other hand, not wearing their gender preferred uniform makes them
feel less confident to interact with other people as they think that they will make
fun of them.
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Interviewee 7 stated that:
"Pag hindi ko suot yung gender preferred kong uniform, nahihiya ako makipag
interact sa mga hindi ko kakilala or ka close. Para kasi pagtatawanan nila ako
and at the same time, ididiscriminate nila ako lalo"
( If i am not wearing my gender preferred uniform, I feel shy and not confident to
interact with other people especially if they're not my close friend. I always think
that they will make fun of me and at the same time, they will discriminate me).
b. Mental
It is an integral component of health and well-being that underpins our
individual and collective abilities to make decisions, build relationships and shape
the world we live in. It is also a state of mental well-being that enables people to
cope with the stresses of life, realize their abilities, learn well and work well, and
contribute to their community. Tammy George (2023)
Based on the researchers' result, participants worry excessively at night
because they believe that other students and teachers are making fun of them
when they are not dressed based on their gender preference. As they wear
men's underpants and harbor several theories in their minds, the majority of them
are transsexual women with long hair.

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Interviewee 3 shared that:
"Nag ooverthink ako tuwing gabi kapag hindi ko suot yung gusto kong suotin.
Wala eh, wala akong choice. Kaya feel ko nag mumuka akong katawa tawa sa
paningin ng iba."
(I tend to overthink at night especially when I didn't wear my preferred clothes in
school. I don't have a choice but to follow it. So I feel like ridiculous and
discriminated)
Interviewee 1 also added:
"Sometimes. you know as part of the LGBTQIA+ community it can not be helped,
we often got called as "paminta" (a gay who doesn't accepts himself for being
gay by wearing/acting as men) and use that word to discriminate us and it makes
me overthink at night"
Participants acknowledged that they find it difficult to concentrate on their
schoolwork due to their attire. Additionally, because their clothing does not match
their gender identity, they frequently receive various slurs from their classmates.
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"Nakakaapekto yung hindi ko pag suot ng damit na gusto ko sa school kasi hindi
ako makapag concentrate and hindi rin makapag recite kasi nahihiya ako. lalo na
sa mata ng ibang tao sobrang pang huhusga nila sakin malala pa yung part na
natatawa sila hindi ko naman kasi ginusto yan no choice nalang ako."
(It really affects me when I can't wear the clothes I want inside the school to the
point that I can't concentrate and can't recite inside the room because I feel shy
especially in the eyes of other people, they will judge and make fun of you. it's
not because I want it, it's just i don't have a choice"
Physical
Physical health can be defined as the normal functioning of the body.
Representing one dimension of total well-being, it's about how your body grows,
feels and moves, how you care for it, and what you put into it. Putahi Hauora
(2021).
Based on the researchers' result, all of the participants feel more comfortable
when they are wearing their preferred uniform in school activities, performances,
and even when playing sports. As they don't have to conceal their true identity.
All of them also agreed that it fits them perfectly and it boosts their confidence
when wearing their gender preferred uniform.

Senior High School
"Sobrang comfortable ako sobra sobra. Kasi ano eh hindi kolang pinapakita kung
ano talaga ako kundi pinapakita Kona dun palang sa pag susuot ko ng gusto ko
talagang comfortable talaga ako."
(I feel so comfortable wearing my prefered uniform. Because it's not just
representing my true identity, but it also shows what I really want to wear that
makes me comfortable)
On the other hand, researchers found out that by not wearing the clothes they
preferred to wear, all of the participants felt discomfort and they often feel irritated
inside their school.
Interviewee 2 stated that:
"Sobrang uncomfortable talaga pag naka palda ako pero naka boy cut ako. Yung
tipong ayaw mona lumabas ng room pag recess kasi nahihiya ka magpakita.
Feel ko rin ang pangit pangit ng physical appearance ko. Tas naiirita rin ako
madalas kasi nga ayoko ng suot ko eh, wala akong choice diba"
(It's really uncomfortable when I wear a skirt while having a boy cut hairstyle. To
the point that you don't want to leave the room during recess because you're too
shy to interact in public. I also feel that my physical appearance is so bad. I also
often feel irritated because I don't like what I'm wearing, I don't have a choice,
right.)
Senior High School
Suggested strategies for creating an inclusive and supportive environment
for LGBTQIA+ in senior high school.
The researchers gathered the same answers from all of the participants
stating that it is necessary to talk to the school head along with LGBTQIA+
students with their parents to discuss this issue. 4 out of 7 participants suggested
that in order to create an inclusive and supportive environment for LGBTQIA+ in
their school, they should invite more guest speakers to have a seminar addresing
this issue. One participant suggested having a unisex or gender-neutral
restrooms inside their school.
Interview 1 suggested that:
"Siguro ano sabi nga nila ma'am kailangan mag tipon tipon tas yung parents or
guardian yung makikipag usap sa principal. pag sa aming student lang di talaga
kami papakinggan kasi kahit gaano kami karami hindi naman kami papakinggan
wala ring mangyayari pero kung ang parent kasi kung masasabi nila na
kapakanan ng anak namin yung nakasalalay dito, di naman namin gugustuhin na
mabully sila ganyan shempre papakiinggan yan ng nakakataas and siguro
makaka create ng inclusivity sa school pag ganon yung nangyari"
(I think what ma'am said is that it is necessary to have a meeting and the parents
or guardians will be the one to talk to the principal. Because if it's just us, we
won't be heard. no matter how many we are, nothing will happen. And If it
happens, maybe they can create an inclusive and gender friendly environment
Senior High School
inside the school)
Interviewee 2 also added:
"Tingin ko na makakatulong ang ibang senior high sa issue nato is iboost nila
yung confidence ng mga crossdresser kasi hindi nila alam kung ano kalaki
epekto non sa pakiramdam ng mga lgbtq na kagaya ko kapag negative energy
ang binigyan nila. Ang strategies na nakikita ko para mapromote ito ay inormalize
at lahat ay mag step up para ipaglaban ang karapatan na nararapat para sa mga
taong kabilang sa LGBTQIA+"
(I think that what other senior high students can help with our issue is that they
should boost the confidence of crossdressers because they don't know how big
of an impact it has on the feelings of lgbtq people like me when they give
negative energy. The strategies that I come up is to promote it, normalize it and
everyone should step up to fight for the right that LGBTQIA+ people deserve).
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CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
1. Most of the participants were transgender and all of their responses were
affected according to their gender and age.
2. Impact on the morale of cross-dressing
The study revealed that there are many negative factors affecting the
morale of LGBTQIA+ senior high student in San Isidro National High
School when they weren't allowed to wear their gender preference uniform.
In terms of social aspect, all of the participants feel confident
interacting with others when they are wearing their gender preferred
uniform. However, when they are not wearing it, they become too shy to
interact with others which lessen their self-confidence in public. The result
is similar to the study by Watson in 2013 stating that "acceptance of one's
personally-defined gender identity has been found to increase confidence
as gender identity aligns more closely with stereotypical notions of gender
as they wear their preferred clothes based on their gender identity." Hence,
this statement proves that cross-dressing can greatly affect the morale of
LGBTQIA+ in terms of social aspect.

Senior High School
In terms of the mental aspect, 3 of the participants suffer at night, thinking
that people in the school make fun of them when they do not wear their preferred
uniform. It is similar to the case of Marisol, a 21-year-old transgender woman in
Manila who was interviewed on Rappler PH in 2017. She suffers anxiety at night
because her teacher won't allow her to wear the uniform she prefers. Moreover, 7
out of 7 participants agreed that they find it difficult to concentrate inside the
school when they are not wearing their preferred uniform. As their self-
confidence goes down, it affects their academic performances, especially in
recitation. This result is similar to the study by McPherson in 2021, which stated
that "allowing them to cross-dress can boost and increase their self confidence
when facing in public places. It also allows them to show and portray their true
identity, which can result in productivity based on the study that shows being
yourself is the best way to form meaningful relationships, which are integral to
career success and growth, no matter what field you work in. This shows that
people with a robust social network have better job performance, feel more
fulfilled, and even live longer." Hence, this statement proves that cross-dressing
can greatly affect the morale of LGBTQIA+ in terms of mental aspects.
Lastly, in terms of the physical aspect, all of the participants agreed that they
felt more comfortable wearing the clothes they wanted in accordance with their
gender preference. It makes them look more presentable, which boosts their self-
confidence in public. On the contrary, they often feel irritated and uncomfortable
when not wearing it. They also feel less productive because they think that
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wearing skirts (for lesbians) makes them weak, as they prefer to be as strong as
men. Wearing pants (for trans-women) makes them feel masculine, as they
prefer to be feminine. To further understand it, it is similar to "en clothed
cognition" by Adam Galinsky in 2013, stating that "clothing holds symbolic
meaning. They claim that the influence of clothes depends both on wearing the
clothing and the meaning it invokes in their psychological schemas". Thus, this
statement proves that cross-dressing can greatly affect the morale of LGBTQIA+
in terms of physical aspects.
2. Strategies for creating an inclusive and supportive environment for
LGBTQIA+ in senior high school
It was revealed that the majority of the participants suggested that the key
to an inclusive and supportive environment for LGBTQIA+ students, is to talk to
the head teacher of the school together with their parents. Because they think
that this issue cannot be resolved without involving their guardians or parents. 4
out of 7 participants also suggested that they should invite more guest speakers
to have a seminar discussing this issue and to open their minds to advocate for
change. Lastly, one participant suggested having unisex or gender-neutral
restrooms inside their school can promote inclusivity and supportive environment
for LGBTQIA+ students

Senior High School
CONCLUSION
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the influence of cross-
dressing on the morale of LGBTQIA+ senior high school students at San Isidro
National High School. By examining the social, mental, and physical aspects, the
study identifies and explores the various factors that impact these students within
the context of cross-dressing.
Concisely, the results show that when cross-dressing was prohibited in their
school, it had a detrimental effect on the morale and well-being of 100% of the
participants. Due to the exclusivity they were encountering on their school, 50% of
these students had problems falling asleep at night. Additionally, every single
participant acknowledged that wearing their gender-preference uniform made
them feel more comfortable and confident.
To sum up, this study explored the impact on the morale of cross-dressing of
LGBTQIA+ senior high students in San Isidro National High School. The holistic
and multi faceted effects on their social, mental, and physical elements were also
considered. They were also given a chance to suggest strategies for creating an
inclusive and supportive environment for LGBTQIA+ in senior high school.

Senior High School
RECOMMENDATIONS
After through assessment and considering the findings and conclusions of the
study, the following recommendations are presented:
1. This study recommends students to create an inclusive and supportive
environment for their LGBTQIA+ schoolfellow by providing an awareness
with.
2. Provide activities for LGBTQIA+ and invite speakers for seminars to spread
awareness of gender equality.
3. Promote a gender-neutral restroom inside the school.
4. For the DepEd to unify rules and regulations on the proper dress code in all
the public schools.
5. For the DepEd policymakers to consider specifying the rules under or related
to Gender Responsive Basic Education Policy to avoid confusion among
public school administrators.

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SAN ISIDRO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

C. Lawis Extension, Brgy. San Isidro, Antipolo City, 1870

INCLUSIVE NOT EXCLUSIVE: IMPACT ON THE MORALE OF CROSS-

DRESSING OF LGBTQIA+ SENIOR HIGH STUDENTS

IN SAN ISIDRO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

A Research Paper Presented to the

Faculty of the Senior High School

San Isidro National High School

of the Requirements in the Subject

Mark Anthony Africa

John Drake Boqueo

Roselyn Mae Lanuzo-Bhattacharjee

JUNE 19, 2023

CHAPTER I: The Problem and Its Background

Background of the Study

Significance of the Study

Statement of the Problem

The Hypothesis of the Study

Operational Definition of Variables

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

CHAPTER II: Review of Related Literature and Studies

Foreign Literature and Studies

CHAPTER III: Research Design and Methodology

A. Methods and Techniques Used

B. Population and Sample of the Study

C. Instrument of the Study

D. Data Gathering Procedure

E. Data Processing and Statistical Treatment

CHAPTER IV: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

CHAPTER V: Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the introduction, background of the study, scope

and limitation of the study, statement of the problem, hypothesis, theoretical

framework, conceptual framework and definition of terms.

improving and becoming more certain. Thus, a lot of private non-sectarian

LGBTQIA+ students. And one of those changes is allowing them to cross-dress

or wear uniform based on their gender preference. Educators and school

administrators recognize these changes a part of providing students with a

quality education because it involves facilitating a positive school climate and

positive developmental outcomes. For students who identify as lesbian, gay,

bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning (LGBTQ), these supports can be

(Russell, Kosciw, Horn, & Saewyc, 2013).

affecting the morale like self-confidence of their students. As it stated, by

accepting of one's personally-defined gender identity has been found to increase

confidence as gender identity aligns more closely with stereotypical notions of

That is why the researchers conducted research regarding this issue to

raise awareness and hopefully, to resolve it.

This study will discuss the impact on the morale of cross-dressing of

want to discover and determine how it affects their morale as an individual in

The researchers also seek to create more inclusive and supportive

environment for cross-dressing individuals and spread awareness to prevent

gender inequality, gender violence, and discrimination that are currently

recently released DepEd order number 32 series of 2022 entitled, “Gender-

Responsive Basic Education Policy”, in which some schools especially in

according to their gender preference.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Cross-dressing is commonly perceived by the people as the act of

entertainment, for fashion and for self-expression. Apparently, cross-dressers are

increasing in years and changing the society of today. Several literature-based

issue especially in the Philippines. Having no authority or power to speak up,

morale as they encountered discrimination and gender inequality.

cross-dressing of LGBTQIA+ senior high students in San Isidro National High

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION