MODELS OF

COMMUNICATION
Quarter 1 Module 2: Models of
Communication
GROUP 1: MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
Group Leader: Armenton, Ajvan A.
Members:
Cerelouise, Cabigas
Pardillo, Randell
Jesrel, Canencia
LESSON 1:MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
Communication models are systematic
representations of the process which help in
understanding how communication works can
be done. The models help us understand the
structures and processes involved in how
humans communicate.It is advantageous to
learn the communication models because they
give us a clear illustration on how
communication takes place. There are several
communication models. Let us learn some of
them.
1. Shannon-Weaver Model

Shannon-Weaver Model (1949) is

known as the mother of all
communication models.It depicts
communication as a linear or one-
way process consisting of five
elements:a source (producer of
message); a transmitter (encoder of
message into signals); a channel
signals adapted for transmission); a
receiver (decoder of message from
thesignal).
And a destination.This model,
however, has been criticized for
missing one essential element in the
communication process: feedback.
Without feedback, the speaker will
not know whether the receiver
understands the message or not.
2. Transaction Model

Transaction Model Unlike the

Shannon-Weaver, which is a one-way
process, the transaction model is atwo-
way process with the inclusion of
feedback as one element. This model is
more interactive. There is collaborative
exchange of messages between
communicators with the aim of
understanding each other. It also shows
that a barrier, such as noise,may
interfere with the flow.
There are still many other models of
communication. Some of which are as
follows.
1. Westley and MacLean’s Model of
Communication
2. Aristotle’s Communication Model
3. Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication
4. Lasswell’s Model
5. Osgood-Schramm Model of
Communication
Westley and MacLean’s Model of
Communication.
Westely and Maclean realized that
communication does not begin when
one person starts to talk, but rather
when a person responds selectively to
his/her physical surroundings. This
model considers a strong relation
between responds from surroundings
and the process of communication.
Aristotle’s Communication Model

The Aristotle model of communication is

a linear and speaker-centric model with
no scope for the audience to provide
feedback. There are five basic
components, including speaker, speech,
audience, effect, and occasion. The
Aristotle model of communication also
details how speakers can become more
persuasive.
Berlo’s SMCR Model of
Communication

The SMCR model of communication

was developed by David Berlo and
includes four components: the sender,
message, channel, and the receiver.
This model views communication as
the transfer of information. The sender
transforms a thought into a message,
or encodes the message.
Lasswell’s Model

Lasswell’s model of communication is

one of the first and most influential
models of communication. It was
initially published by Harold Lasswell
in 1948 and analyzes communication
in terms of five basic questions:
“Who?”, “Says What?”, “In What
Channel?”, “To Whom?”, and “With
What Effect?”.
Osgood-Schramm Model of
Communication

Osgood-Schramm’s model of
communication is known as a circular
model because it indicates that
messages can go in two directions. 24.
Hence, once a person decodes a
message, then they can encode it and
send a message back to the sender.
They could continue encoding and
decoding into a continuous cycle.
We must remember always that the
goal of communication is to convey
information
and foster understanding. Always
bear in mind that there are several
ways to carry effective communication
to avoid misinterpretation which may
sometimes lead to aheated argument
and even on to a bigger problem.
We can say that the communication is
Conversation clearly understands each
other’s meaning and point of view. Both
need
to communicate meaning with clarity not
only in words but also in nonverbal
cues.In short, effective communication is
centered on the act of passing
information from one person to another.
Let us study the 7 Cs of communication to
improve communication.
Features of effective communication
Effective communication is more than just
sending information. It entails sending
accurate information and receiving
feedback.

1. Completeness
It means having all parts or elements.
Complete communication should include
what the receiver needs to hear from the
sender or source to react, respond or to
evaluate. It conveys all facts required by
the audience or receiver.
2. Conciseness
Do not talk in circles. Talking in circles
is talking about something in an
indirect or
confusing way. Make your message
straight to the point. Be brief but
concise. It
must provide short and essential
message in limited words.
3. Consideration
Though, each has the freedom of expression,
but it does not give everyone the
opportunity to say about anything one wishes
to say anytime and anywhere. There
are some considerations to make before
uttering or expressing one’s thoughts.
The mood, background, race, preference,
education, status, needs are among the
many considerations. It implies “stepping into
the shoes of others.”
4.Concreteness
It is being clear with the message
sent. It is supported with facts and
figures and real-life examples and
situations to avoid misinterpretations
and misunderstanding.
5. Courtesy

The message must show respect and

politeness to the receiver of the
message. It takes into consideration
the viewpoint, culture, values, beliefs,
and feelings of the recipient of the
message.
6. Clearness
Clearness suggests using simple words in
expressing ideas to avoid ambiguity. A
clear message uses exact, appropriate, and
concrete words.
7. Correctness
Correctness means it is free from errors. The facts
and figures of the message
must be true and accurate. It must have no
presumptions and the language used
must be appropriate and proper.
In sending a message whether verbal or nonverbal,
it is indispensable that the information must
observe the 7 Cs to avoid breakdown in
communication.
Barriers of Communication
Communication, for it to be effective, must be
sent clearly, completely, and free from
all biases and distractions.; otherwise, it
breaks and may result to conflict and
misinterpretations. A communication barrier
is anything that prevents us from receiving
and understanding the messages others use
to convey their information, ideas, and
thoughts. Barriers can block or interfere the
message you are trying to send. Let us
study the barriers of communication.
Often, conversation breaks because of the
absence of listening. Remember listening
is the beginning of understanding. Barker (1971)
defined listening as a selective
process of attending, hearing, understanding, and
remembering aural symbols.
According to Rankib (1926), it is the ability to
understand a spoken language. Based
on the definition of the International Listening
Association, it is the process of
receiving, constructing meaning from, and
responding to spoken and/or nonverbal
messages.
Listening plays a vital role in
communication. It is a skill which
allows people to understand what
someone is talking about and the
meaning behind the words.

Low concentration is detrimental to

effective listening. Poor listening
leads to assumptions and
misunderstandings.
Types of listening

Passive - The physical presence but

mental absence of the
listener can be defined as passive
listening or hearing.
All that is being said is being heard
but not totally
Absorbed.
Marginal – The respondent erects a
barrier through which he
allows information to seep in only in bits
and pieces. As
a result, partial or marginal information
can be retrieved
if the situation demands, or the need so
arises.
Projective - In projective listening,
the responses of the receiver are
in a state of “restful alertness”. While
listening, the
receiver tries to view and absorb the
contents of the
presentation within his own frame of
reference.
Active – This is the most effective form
of listening. The receiver
absorbs all that is being said and tries
or attempts to
verify all that he has been listening
about.
Communication breakdown is a
situation where the communication
taking place between two (or more)
people is either inconceivable,
wrongly comprehended, or entirely
absent. Communication breakdown
will result to conflicting ideas and
Opinions which could lead to an
argument and unpleasant behavior. It
could even rage a war.
Strategies to avoid communication
breakdowns

1. Use a common language for

communication.
2. Avoid distractions like noise.
3. Do not burden each other with
excessive information or data.
4. Be direct and concise in your
communication.
5. Be considerate. Do not monopolize the
entire conversation.
6. Be sensitive to nonverbal cues of
listeners.
7. Do not hesitate to ask questions and
encourage others to do the same.
8. Keep your mind open and be
flexible.
9. Listen. It is the key to effective
communication.
10.Anticipate, summarize, weigh the
evidence, and read between the
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING WE
HOPE YOU ALL UNDERSTAND
SOMETHING 🫶.