AI-Based Travel Guide Website

AI-Based Travel Guide Website
Final Year Project
Session 2019-2023
A project submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of
BS in Software Engineering
Department of Software Engineering

Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology
The Superior University, Lahore
Spring 2023
Project Report: AI-Based Travel Guide Website
[ ✓ ] Development [ ] Research [ ] R&D

Type (Nature of project)
Area of specialization Development
FYP ID BSSE-FYP-FALL22-017
Project Group Members
Sr.# Reg. # Student Name Email ID *Signature
BSEM- Muhammad Maaz

(i) bsem-f19-014@superior.edu.pk
F19-014 Ghazanfar (Leader)
BSEM- Muhammad Hammad

(ii) bsem-f19-013@superior.edu.pk
F19-013 Ghazanfar
BSEM-
(iii) Abdullah Tariq bsem-f19-012@superior.edu.pk
F19-012
*The candidates confirm that the work submitted is their own and appropriate credit has been
given where reference has been made to work of others
Plagiarism Free Certificate

This is to certify that, I Maaz Ghazanfar S/D of Muhammad Ghazanfar, group leader of FYP under registration no
BSEM-F10-014 at Software Engineering Department, The Superior College, Lahore. I declare that my FYP report
is checked by my supervisor.
Date: Name of Group Leader: Maaz Ghazanfar Signature: _____________

Name of Supervisor: Prof. Saleem Zubair
Designation: Professor
Signature: ________________
HoD: Dr. Tehreem Masood

Signature: _______________
Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan ii

AI-Based Travel Guide Website
Change Record
Author(s) Version Date Notes Supervisor’s Signature
1.0 <Original Draft>
<Changes Based on
Feedback from
Supervisor>
<Changes Based on
Feedback From Faculty>
<Added Project Plan>
<Changes Based on
Feedback from
Supervisor>
Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan iii

APPROVAL
PROJECT SUPERVISOR
Comments: ___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Name:______________________________
Date:_______________________________ Signature:__________________________
PROJECT MANAGER
Comments: ___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Date:_______________________________ Signature:__________________________
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Comments: ___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Date:_______________________________ Signature:__________________________
Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan iv

Dedication
This work is dedicated to our parents, teachers, and friends who have always
believed in us and supported us in all of our endeavors. Special thanks to our
mentor, Professor Saleem Zubair, for his guidance, support, and encouragement
throughout.
Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan v

Acknowledgments
We are really thankful to our supervisor who has helped us throughout the journey of this
project, providing valuable guidance, support, and encouragement. This project would not have
been possible without his constant help and constructive feedback. We are truly grateful for his
unwavering support and hope to make him proud.
Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan vi

Executive Summary
People who enjoy traveling often struggle to find reliable and accurate information about tours
and activities in different locations. They may also feel overwhelmed by the numerous options
available, making it difficult to decide which tours to book. To solve this problem, our team has
created a travel guide website that allows users to easily search for and book tours and
activities in various locations. The website also includes a chatbot powered by the GPT Turbo
API, which can act as a virtual tour guide and provide users with personalized recommendations
based on their preferences. By providing users with a comprehensive and user-friendly platform
for discovering and booking tours, your website aims to make travel planning easier and more
enjoyable. Additionally, the inclusion of a chatbot tour guide adds a unique and innovative
feature to the site, making it stand out from other travel guide websites.
Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan vii

Table of Content
Chapter 1 ......................................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Background ................................................................................................................... 2
1.2. Motivations and Challenges ......................................................................................... 3
1.3. Goals and Objectives .................................................................................................... 3
1.4. Literature Review/Existing Solutions ........................................................................... 4
1.5. Gap Analysis................................................................................................................. 6
1.6. Proposed Solution ......................................................................................................... 6
1.7. Project Plan ................................................................................................................... 7
1.7.1. Work Breakdown Structure .......................................................................................... 7
1.7.2. Roles & Responsibility Matrix ..................................................................................... 9
1.8. Gantt Chart ......................................................................................................................... 10
1.9. Report Outline ............................................................................................................ 10
1.10. Empathy Map ............................................................................................................. 11
Chapter 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 12
Software Requirement Specifications ........................................................................................... 12
2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................ 13
2.1.1. Purpose ....................................................................................................................... 13
2.1.2. Document Conventions .............................................................................................. 13
2.1.3. Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions ............................................................ 14
2.1.4. Product Scope ............................................................................................................. 14
2.1.5. References .................................................................................................................. 15
2.2. Overall Description..................................................................................................... 16
2.2.1. Product Perspective .................................................................................................... 16
2.2.2. User Classes and Characteristics ................................................................................ 16
2.2.3. Operating Environment .............................................................................................. 17
2.2.4. Design and Implementation Constraints..................................................................... 18
2.3. External Interface Requirements ................................................................................ 19
2.3.1. User Interfaces ............................................................................................................ 19
2.3.2. Hardware Interfaces .................................................................................................... 24
2.3.3. Software Interfaces ..................................................................................................... 24
2.3.4. Communications Interfaces ........................................................................................ 25
2.4. System Features .......................................................................................................... 25
2.4.1. Login/Register ............................................................................................................ 26
2.4.1.1. Description and Priority.............................................................................................. 26
2.4.1.2. Stimulus/Response Sequences .................................................................................... 26
2.4.1.3. Functional Requirements ............................................................................................ 26
2.4.2. Search Functionality ................................................................................................... 27
2.4.3. Chat Assistant ............................................................................................................. 28
Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan viii


2.4.4. Admin Dashboard ....................................................................................................... 29
2.5. Nonfunctional Requirements ..................................................................................... 30
2.5.1. Performance Requirements......................................................................................... 30
2.5.2. Safety Requirements ................................................................................................... 31
2.5.3. Security Requirements ................................................................................................ 31
2.1.1. Usability Requirements .............................................................................................. 32
2.1.2. Reliability Requirements ............................................................................................ 32
2.1.3. Maintainability/Supportability Requirements ............................................................ 33
2.1.4. Portability Requirements ............................................................................................ 33
Chapter 3 ....................................................................................................................................... 34
Use Case Analysis......................................................................................................................... 34
3.1. Use Case Model .......................................................................................................... 35
3.1. Fully Dressed Use Cases ............................................................................................ 37
Chapter 4 ....................................................................................................................................... 41
System Design .............................................................................................................................. 41
4.1. Architecture Diagram ................................................................................................. 42
4.2. Domain Model ............................................................................................................ 43
4.3. Entity Relationship Diagram with data dictionary ..................................................... 43
4.4. Class Diagram............................................................................................................. 46
4.5. Object Diagram........................................................................................................... 47
4.6. Sequence Diagram ...................................................................................................... 47
4.7. Operation contracts ..................................................................................................... 50
4.8. Activity Diagram ........................................................................................................ 53
4.9. State Transition Diagram ............................................................................................ 54
4.10. Component Diagram................................................................................................... 54
4.11. Deployment Diagram ................................................................................................. 55
Chapter 5 ....................................................................................................................................... 56
Implementation ............................................................................................................................. 56
5.1. Important Flow Control/Pseudo codes ....................................................................... 57
5.2. Components, Dependencies, Web Services ............................................................... 58
5.1. Deployment Environment........................................................................................... 59
5.2. Tools and Techniques ................................................................................................. 60
5.3. Best Practices / Coding Standards .............................................................................. 61
5.4. Version Control .......................................................................................................... 61
Chapter 6 ....................................................................................................................................... 62
Testing and Evaluation ................................................................................................................. 62
6.1. Use Case Testing [1]................................................................................................... 63
6.2. Equivalence partitioning ............................................................................................. 64
Table 6. 1 Equivalence partitioning .......................................................................................... 64
Table 6. 4 Boundary value analysis .......................................................................................... 65
Table 6. 5 Data flow testing ...................................................................................................... 66
Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan ix

Table 6. 6 Unit testing ............................................................................................................... 67

6.3. Integration testing ....................................................................................................... 68
6.4. Performance testing .................................................................................................... 69
Table 6. 8 Performance testing ................................................................................................. 70
6.5. Stress Testing [1] ........................................................................................................ 70
Chapter 7 ....................................................................................................................................... 71
Summary, Conclusion and Future Enhancements ........................................................................ 71
7.1 Project Summary................................................................................................................. 72
7. 2 Achievements and Improvements ...................................................................................... 72
7. 3 Critical Review .................................................................................................................. 73
7. 4 Lessons Learnt ................................................................................................................... 74
7. 5 Future Enhancements/Recommendations .......................................................................... 75
Reference and Bibliography ......................................................................................................... 76
References ..................................................................................................................................... 77
Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan x

List of Figures
Figure 1. 1 Gantt Chart.................................................................................................................. 10
Figure 1. 2 Empthy Map ................................................................................................................ 11
Figure 2. 1 Home Page .................................................................................................................. 19

Figure 2. 2 Login Page ................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 2. 3 Register Page............................................................................................................... 21
Figure 2. 4 Featured Tour ............................................................................................................. 21
Figure 2. 5 Subscribe Us ................................................................................................................ 22
Figure 2. 6 About........................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 2. 7 Tours Page ................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 2. 8 Tour Details Page ........................................................................................................ 23
Figure 2. 9 Distance Calculator ..................................................................................................... 24
Figure 3. 1 Use Case: User ............................................................................................................ 35

Figure 3. 2 Use Case: Admin ......................................................................................................... 36
Figure 3. 3 Use Case: Chat Assistant ............................................................................................. 36
Figure 4. 1 Architecture diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website ........................................... 42

Figure 4. 2 Domain Model diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website ....................................... 43
Figure 4. 3 Entity Relationship diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website ................................. 43
Figure 4. 4 Class diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website ....................................................... 46
Figure 4. 5 Object diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website .................................................... 47
Figure 4. 6 Sequence diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website: Admin ................................... 49
Figure 4. 7 Sequence diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website: User ...................................... 49
Figure 4. 8 Activity diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website: User.......................................... 53
Figure 4. 10 State Transition diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website.................................... 54
Figure 4. 11 Component diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website .......................................... 54
Figure 4. 12 Deployment diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website ......................................... 55
Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan xi

List of Tables
Table 1.1 WBS ................................................................................................................................. 9
Table 3. 1 Fully dressed use case for Admin Signup: .................................................................... 37

Table 3. 2 Fully dressed use case for User Signup: ....................................................................... 38
Table 3. 3 Fully dressed use case for Book destination: ............................................................... 39
Table 3. 4 Fully dressed use case for Admin Dashboard: ............................................................. 40
Table 4. 1 Data Dictionary for Registration .................................................................................. 44

Table 4. 2 Data Dictionary for Login ............................................................................................. 44
Table 4. 3 Data Dictionary for Add Destination ............................................................................ 44
Table 4. 4 Data Dictionary for Manage User ................................................................................ 45
Table 4. 5 Data Dictionary for Manage Destination ..................................................................... 45
Table 4. 6 Operation Contract for Registration ............................................................................ 50
Table 4. 7 Operation Contract for Login ....................................................................................... 50
Table 4. 8 Operation Contract for Booking ................................................................................... 51
Table 4. 9 Operation Contract for Destinations View ................................................................... 51
Table 4. 10 Operation Contract for AI Chat Assistant ................................................................... 52
Table 4. 11 Operation Contract for Admin Dashboard ................................................................. 52
Table 6. 1 Equivalence partitioning .............................................................................................. 64

Table 6. 2 Admin Registration ....................................................................................................... 64
Table 6. 3 Login ............................................................................................................................. 65
Table 6. 4 Boundary value analysis ............................................................................................... 65
Table 6. 5 Data flow testing .......................................................................................................... 66
Table 6. 6 Unit testing ................................................................................................................... 67
Table 6. 7 Integration testing of AI-Based Travel Guide Website. ............................................... 68
Table 6. 8 Performance testing ..................................................................................................... 70
Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan xii

Chapter 1
Introduction
Chapter 1: Introduction
Due to the rapid increase in the demand for information that supports tourists after, before,
and during the trip, many tour systems are available. Our travel guide website offers user the
ability to easily search and book tours and activities in various locations all around the world.
Whether you're planning family vacation, we've got you covered with user destination guides,
of the best hotels and attractions with interactive travel map. Our website will provide travel
community forum where users can share their own reviews about the tour. So other tourists
who are planning their trips can see user reviews. With our user-friendly interface and easy-to-
use search tools, it has been easier. Discover new destinations and make the most of your
travel experience with our website. We will use GPT powered tour guide assistant that uses
deep-learning to simulate the conversation of a human tour guide. The chatbot is designed to
assist tourists in getting information about a particular location, such as recommendations for
places to visit, and other travel related information.
1.1. Background
In recent years, the world underwent a significant transformation as a result of the rapid
advancement of technology. Because of the development of technology, tourism is currently
growing significantly. People like frequent travel in the modern world, and most of them use
navigation systems, along with some alternative possibilities like the internet to get information
about a particular place, which requires a lot of time and effort.
Pakistan is a country with a rich cultural heritage, diverse landscapes, and historical sites, but it
has struggled to attract significant numbers of international tourists in recent years. According
to the Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation, the number of foreign tourists visiting
Pakistan has declined from around 1.75 million in 2011 to just over 1.3 million in 2018. [1]
Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan 2

One of the key challenges facing Pakistan's tourism industry is the lack of reliable information
and infrastructure for tourists. Many potential visitors are discouraged by concerns about
safety and security, as well as a lack of information about where to go and what to see. A travel
guide website that provides comprehensive and up-to-date information about tours, activities,
and attractions in various locations could help address these issues and encourage more people
to visit Pakistan.
1.2. Motivations and Challenges

• Our motivation behind the revolutionary project is to develop a tour guide that can
change boost the tourism in Pakistan. A majority of people in the contemporary world
love touring, and they want to explore new places in different countries.
• Hiring a tour guide is expensive. Besides, the guide may lead us to buy stuff in shops
where he/she can get commissions.
• So, People thinks that a tour guide might be a liar, a story teller, who keeps on and on
talking extensively, unable to get to the essential points, while I would rather be in
silence to be able to listen what is around me. A tour guide is constantly smiling, even
when she/he is not in the mood.
1.3. Goals and Objectives

• Our goal is to make best the Travel Guide Website and, this Travel Guide Website will
save up your time and energy. Whenever tourist visit new places, back in their minds
there is always a hassle that how to manage and visit the special Places. With the Help
of our website, tourist can see places that they should visit. This idea will bring Easiness
and make the Tourist trip more Enjoyable and Hassle-free. Instead of Hiring a tourist
guide, just by 2-3 Clicks you can avail the same offer which saves your money and
valuable time.
• A travel guide website is a website that provides information about destination to help
travelers. Our aim is to address the lack of reliable information and infrastructure for
tourists in Pakistan by providing up-to-date information about tours, attractions, and

activities, as well as a platform for booking and leaving reviews. Additionally, the chat
bot tour guide adds a unique and innovative feature to the website that can help users
personalize their travel experiences and make more informed decisions about what to
see and do. Ultimately, the objective of the website is to encourage more people to visit
Pakistan and experience its rich cultural heritage, diverse landscapes, and historical
sites. [1]
• To make a Travel Guide Website (SUFAR) THE BRAND
1.4. Literature Review/Existing Solutions

Literature Reviews:
A majority of people in the contemporary world love touring. Experiencing any destination to
its most require a lot of survey about it. Also, the expectation of a trip for each is different; the
places, budget and expectations vary too. This involves a lot of your time and effort. It is surely
a good idea to be able to know a bit about favorite your destination. However, this experience
cannot be complete without the help of tour guides. But hiring a tour guide have some issues.
(Grafitti, 2021)
Existing Systems: (Ikram, 2022)

With the overwhelming number of travel guides that exist out there.
Lonely Planet
Pros:
i. A collection of over 825 guides
ii. Phrasebooks to learn the local language
iii. Covers a lot of destinations worldwide
iv. General travel information about countries is free
Cons:
i. Complaints on outdated information
ii. Unreliable customer service

Fodor's Travel
Pros:
i. Helpful forum to seek advice
ii. Good recommendations
iii. Covers a lot of destinations
Cons:
i. Incomplete guidebooks (complaints of missing pages)
ii. Lack of localized recommendations
Atlas Obscura
Pros:
i. Amazing and high-quality travel guides
ii. Focuses on unique attractions
iii. Availability of virtual experiences and guided tours
Cons:
i. Not so much of a place to get travel guides and tips
ii. Not ideal if you are looking for guidance on usual tourist spots
iii. Paid membership
TripAdvisor
Pros:
i. Free
ii. Active travel forum for trip guidance and tips
iii. Plenty of user reviews to help your decisions
iv. Loads of travel content
v. Attractive travel deals
vi. A mobile app for convenience
Cons:
i. Infamous for fake or biased reviews
ii. A glorified checkout cart, not great for inspiration

1.5. Gap Analysis

We have a 99% gap in Pakistan's local tourism industry and the Pakistan tourism statistics for
2019 was 992,000,000$ a 17.4% increase from 2018. (Pak Tourism Statistics 1995-2023, n.d.)
Here are some potential areas for gap analysis:
1. User wants: Do the website's features and functionality now completely satisfy users'
wants and preferences? Are there any areas where customers seeking for certain tours
or activities on the website are unable to discover them?
2. User Experience: Is it simple to use and navigate the website? Exist any user experience
flaws, such as sluggish load times or a perplexing layout?
3. Content: Is the information on the website accurate, current, and thorough? Are there
any informational gaps on tours, sights, or activities in certain places?
4. Technology: In order to offer the optimum user experience, is the website utilising the
most recent tools and technology? Exist any lapses in website security or dependability?
5. Market: Are there any weaknesses in terms of rivalry or consumer demand? Is the
website filling a specific void or demand for the travel guide market?
1.6. Proposed Solution

Our goal is to make best the Travel Guide Website and, This Travel Guide Website will save up
your time and energy. Whenever tourist visit new places, back in their minds there is always a
hassle that how to manage and visit the special Places. Our travel guide website is to provide a
thorough and user-friendly platform for discovering and booking tours and activities
throughout Pakistan. On our website, users may use a number of tools to find tours, book
tours, leave reviews, and receive personalized travel guidance from a chat bot tour guide
powered by the GPT Turbo API. With the Help of our website, tourist can see places that they
should visit during their Stay. This idea will bring Easiness and make the Tourist trip more
Enjoyable and Hassle-free. Instead of Hiring a tourist guide, just by 2-3 Clicks you can avail the
same offer which saves your money and valuable time.

1.7. Project Plan

The main aim of this project is to save the time and money of the tourist. The first thing is to
collect all the information about the Tour Guide Website by doing competitor analysis. After
getting the requirements, we will break the data into modules.
When all the modules will define, the documentation of the website will start. The next
phase of our team is to design the website according to the requirements.
1.7.1. Work Breakdown Structure

I. Project Management
• Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
• Roles & Responsibility Matrix
• Change Control System
II. Reports / Documentation
• Final Documentation Introduction
• Literature / Markey Survey
• Requirements Analysis
• System Design
• Implementation
• Testing & Performance Evaluation
• Conclusion & Outlook
• End User Documentation
• Application Administration Documentation
• System Administrator Documentation

III. System
Development Environment
• IDE:
Visual Studio Code is a free IDE built for developing web applications.
• Version Control:
The current version of stable react.js is 18.2.0.
• Node.js:
Node.js is a back-end JavaScript runtime environment, runs on the V8
JavaScript Engine, and executes JavaScript code outside a web browser.
(Hossain, 2023)
• Express.js:
Express.js, or simply Express, is a back-end web application framework for
building RESTful APIs with Node.js
• Database:
MongoDB database.
• Postman:
platform for API development
• Google Map JavaScript API:
To use google map features
• GPT Turbo 3.5:
It lets us make Digital Programs that interact with end users through deep
learning.

1.7.2. Roles & Responsibility Matrix

The purpose of the roles & responsibility matrix is to identify who will do what.
Table 1.1 WBS

WBS WBS Deliverable Activity Activity to Complete Duration Responsible
# # the Deliverable (# of Team
Days) Member(s) &
Role(s)
1 Developing the 1 Design login/register, 10 Muhammad
login/register database connectivity. Maaz Ghazanfar
2 Pages 1 Design 10 Abdullah Tariq

5 Adding 1 Database Storage 10 Muhammad
tour Information Hammad
Ghazanfar
7 Question/Answer 1 Chat Assistant 15 Muhammad
Maaz Ghazanfar
8 Add Admin Panel 1 Login with 10 Maaz Ghazanfar
Database connectivity
9 Digital Marketing 1 Social Media 15 Abdullah Tariq
Platforms
10 SEO 1 Search Engine 15 Abdullah Tariq
Optimization

1.8. Gantt Chart

Gantt Chart is a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. The Gantt Chart of
Major Processes of our system is given below.
Figure 1. 1 Gantt Chart
1.9. Report Outline

Our travel guide website named SUFAR.pk offers user uploaded information on
destinations all around the world. Whether you're planning family vacation, we've got you
covered with tour plans, of the best attractions. Our website will provide travel
community forum that allows users to easily search for and book tours and activities in
various locations. With our user-friendly interface and easy-to-use search tools, it has
been easier. Discover new tours and make the most of your travel experience with our
website. We will use a tour guide assistant that uses deep learning techniques to simulate
the conversation of a human tour guide. The chatbot is designed to assist tourists in
getting information about a particular location, such as recommendations for places to
visit, and other travel related information.

1.10. Empathy Map
Figure 1. 2 Empthy Map

Chapter 2
Software Requirement
Specifications

Chapter 2: Software Requirement Specifications

2.1. Introduction
2.1.1. Purpose
According to a report:
Asia has one of the highest percentages of solitary travelers worldwide (31% of 2021 visitors),
and 32% of visitors were between the ages of 51 and 60. 2022 (Pearson)
Our website seeks to make vacation preparation simpler and more fun by giving consumers a
comprehensive and user-friendly platform for finding and booking tours. Users of the platform
may sign up, log in, search for tours using location and pricing criteria, reserve excursions, and
post reviews. Additionally, the addition of a chatbot tour guide gives the website a distinctive
and cutting-edge element that sets it apart from other travel guide websites.
2.1.2. Document Conventions
1. Style Guide: The style guide would outline the font, color scheme, photo style, and tone
of voice for the website.
2. Brand Guidelines: The style guide would include the website's font, color scheme, photo
style, and tone of voice.
3. Content guidelines: The content guidelines would describe the voice, tone, and style of
the written content on the website.
4. Technical Documentation: The technical documentation may contain details on the
software utilized, the database structure, the documentation for the API, and any third-
party integrations.

2.1.3. Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions
1. Travel guides: You may create comprehensive itineraries for Pakistan's numerous
regions and cities. For instance, a guide to Lahore might include information on well-
known sights like the Lahore Fort and the Badshahi Mosque as well as
recommendations for the local food, markets, and cultural events
2. Reviews and recommendations: Your website may feature user-generated content,
such as comments and advice from other travelers who have used it to make
reservations for travel and accommodations.
2.1.4. Product Scope

The Product scope of your travel guide website:
1. User registration and login: Visitors to your website should be able to register accounts,
maintain preferences, and retrieve past bookings.
2. Tour Booking: This feature enables users to research and book tours and other activities
from a variety of travel agencies and tour companies.
3. Tour Search: Users should have the option to look for tours depending on their
interests, budget, and location.
4. User evaluations for tours: Users of your website have to be given the chance to
comment on and score the excursions they've taken as well as other experiences
they've had.
5. Chatbot integration: Users should be able to ask questions and get suggestions using a
chatbot that is linked with the GPT Turbo API.
6. Partner management: Provide travel agencies and tour operators with a spot on your
website where they can post and manage their excursions.
7. Payment processing: Your website should allow users to pay for tours and activities
using a range of payment methods.

2.1.5. References
[1] Z.-R. Peng, "Using Global Positioning System Data to Understand Variations in Path
Choice," 2000.
[2] Grafitti, "5 reasons not to hire such a Tour Guide," 06 02 2021. [Online]. Available:
https://mywaytours.pt/my-5-reasons-not-to-hire-a-tour-guide/.
[3] R. Ikram, "Best travel guide websites," 25 July 2022. [Online]. Available:
https://www.pilotplans.com/blog/best-travel-guide-websites.
[4] S. Hossain, 2023. [Online]. Available:
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/sayeedhossain2_nodejs-nodejsis-across-platformopen-
source-activity-7018807182074806273-AUB5/.
[5] "Pak Tourism Statistics 1995-2023," [Online]. Available:
https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/PAK/pakistan/tourism-statistics.
[6] H. Pearson, "Asia Regional News: The Latest from ATTA and Members in Asia, July
2022," 12 July 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.adventuretravelnews.com/asia-
regional-news-the-latest-from-atta-and-members-in-asia-july-2022.
[7] "Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation," 2021. [Online]. Available:
http://www.tourism.gov.pk/statistics. [Accessed January 2023].
[8] "Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019," World Economic Forum, 2019.
[Online]. Available: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TTCR_2019.pdf. [Accessed
2023].
[9] "DAWN," DAWN Newspaper, 25 April 2018. [Online]. Available:
https://www.dawn.com/news/1403800. [Accessed 2023].
[10] ChatGPT.

2.2. Overall Description

This section will provide the background information about the specific requirements of the
“AI-Based Travel Guide Website”.
2.2.1. Product Perspective

The product perspective of our travel guide website is the way in which the site is designed and
structured to meet the needs and expectations of target audience. This includes features such
as a user-friendly interface, easy to use, and clear and concise content that helps travelers find
the information they need quickly and easily.
1. Providing a website that is optimized for different screen sizes and devices and has a
user-friendly layout.
2. Offering a range of excursions and activities to satisfy different interests, financial
capacities, and travel preferences.
3. Providing comprehensive information on each trip and activity, including with
summaries, pictures, and user reviews.
4. Making it easier for clients to search for tours and other activities using a variety of
criteria, such as location, price, and duration.
2.2.2. User Classes and Characteristics

The user class of our travel guide website is typically people who are looking for information
about destinations, attractions, and other travel-related topics. These users might include
individuals, couples, families, and groups of friends, and they might be planning trips for leisure,
business, or a combination of both.
In terms of characteristics, users of travel guide website might be interested in a wide range of
travel-related information, such as user recommendations for places to stay, things to do, and
how to get around. Users might also be looking for reviews and ratings from other travelers to
help them for their good travel experiences.

2.2.3. Operating Environment

The operating environment of travel guide website refers to our technical and logistical
considerations that are required in order for the site to function properly and be accessed by
users.
• Windows 10(64 bit)
• Google Chrome (Version 108.0.5359.125 (Official Build) (64 -bit))
• Visual Studio Code
• MongoDB
• Node
• GPT Turbo 3.5
• Google Map JavaScript API

2.2.4. Design and Implementation Constraints

There are several design and implementation constraints that are considered in our travel guide
website:
• User experience: Website is easy to navigate and use, with a clear and concise design that is
visually appealing and responsive on various devices.
• Performance: The website is fast and efficient, with quick load times and minimal
downtime.
• Scalability: As the website grows and attracts more traffic, it should be able to handle the
increased load without crashing or experiencing other performance issues.
• Data management: Our website should be able to store and manage large amounts of data,
including information about destinations, attractions, and reviews.
• Security: Our website is secure, with measures in place to protect user data and prevent
unauthorized access.
• Legal considerations: The website comply with all relevant laws and regulations, including
those related to data privacy, intellectual property, and online content.
• Marketing and monetization: The website have a clear plan for marketing and
monetization, whether through advertising, sponsored content, or other means.
2.2.5. Assumptions and Dependencies

Some possible assumptions and dependencies for travel guide website include:
Assumptions:
• Our website will attract a sufficient number of visitors to be viable.
• Users will be interested in the types of content and features offered on the site.
• Users will primarily access the site using desktop or mobile devices and modern web
browsers.
Dependencies:
• A reliable hosting provider and server infrastructure is necessary to support the site.
• An internet connection is required for users to access the site.
• Third-party services such as payment processors and content delivery networks may be
needed to support certain features of the site.

• Adequate resources (time, money, personnel) must be available to build, maintain, and
promote the site.
• These are just a few examples of the kinds of assumptions and dependencies that might be
relevant for a travel guide website. It is important to carefully consider both assumptions
and dependencies when building and maintaining the site, in order to ensure that it is able
to function effectively and meet the needs of its users.
2.3. External Interface Requirements

2.3.1. User Interfaces
User interface (UI) requirements for a travel guide website include things like:
• A clean and modern design that is visually appealing and easy to navigate.
• A clear hierarchy of content, with the most important information displayed prominently.
• Easy-to-use search such as a search bar and a menu of categories and Google Map.
Figure 2. 1 Home Page

• High-quality images and other multimedia elements, such as maps.

• Reviews and ratings from other travelers, to help users make informed decisions about
where to go and what to do.
• Overall, the user interface of a travel guide website should be designed to be user-friendly
and intuitive, so that users can easily find the information they need and take action as
needed.
Figure 2. 2 Login Page

Figure 2. 3 Register Page

• Responsive design, so that the site works well on desktop and mobile devices.
• Large and easy-to-read text, with good color contrast.
• Succinct and useful descriptions of destinations, attractions, and other travel-related
information.
Figure 2. 4 Featured Tour

Figure 2. 5 Subscribe Us
Figure 2. 6 About

Figure 2. 7 Tours Page
Figure 2. 8 Tour Details Page

Figure 2. 9 Distance Calculator
2.3.2. Hardware Interfaces

The hardware requirements for travel guide website will depend on the size and complexity of
the site, as well as the expected traffic. Here that we are using:
• Processor: Intel® Core™ i7-4710MQ CPU @ 2.5HGz (8 CPUs), ~2.5GHz [1]
• Memory: 8192MB RAM
• Storage: 128GB SSD
• Networking: 8 to 10 mbps
2.3.3. Software Interfaces

This includes:
• User Panel as a main interface in which user can register, login, search and book tours,
give reviews and ratings etc.
• Admin Panel to manage and organize the tours and the user.
• It's also important to have a reliable hosting provider to ensure that the website is
always available to users.

2.3.4. Communications Interfaces

There are few different communication interfaces that are used on our travel guide website.
Include:
• Chat Assistant: This enables users to communicate with a Chat Assistant through a chat
window on the website.
• Social media: Websites will have links to their social media profiles, such as Facebook,
Twitter, or Instagram, which users can use to get in touch or ask questions.
• Email: Website will also provide an email address or a contact form that users can use
to send a message directly to the website owner or a customer service representative.
• Phone: Website may provide a phone number that users can call to speak with a
customer service representative.
2.4. System Features

The features that a travel guide website include:
1. Login/Register: User can login through a modal.
2. Search functionality: allows users to search for destinations, hotels and other travel-
related information.
3. Book: user can book the tour
4. Chat Assistant: This enables users to communicate with a Chat Assistant through a chat
window on the website.
5. Admin Dashboard: included in the backend of our website which allows the website
administrator to manage tour information about the destinations, users, and other
information provided on the website.

2.4.1. Login/Register
2.4.1.1. Description and Priority
We will add a login registration component in our travel guide website. User can assess
all features of our website (except booking) without login.
2.4.1.2. Stimulus/Response Sequences
The function is triggered by a button "Log In" on the top right, that the user can click on
to access to create an account or log in. It also includes a button to submit the form and
complete the login or registration process.
2.4.1.3. Functional Requirements
Functional requirements are the specific functionality that a login and registration must
provide in order to be effective and usable. Some functional requirements for a login and
registration component include:
REQ-SF1-1: User authentication: The modal is able to verify the user's credentials (email,
password) and grant or deny access to book the tour.
REQ-SF1-2: Account creation: The component allows new users to create an account by
providing their personal information (e.g., name, email address, password).
REQ-SF1-3: Error handling: The component validates user inputs and display error
messages when necessary, such as when a user enters an invalid email address or an
incorrect password.
REQ-SF1-4: Secure data transmission: The component ensure that user data is
transmitted securely.

2.4.2. Search Functionality

Search functionality is an important feature of our travel guide website because it allows
users to search for tours and activities based on specific criteria, such as location, price,
and no. of guest.
Search functionality on our travel guide website allow users to search for specific tours.
Some common features that are included in the search functionality of travel guide
website:
Advanced search: This allows users to refine their search by using a price filter.
Location search: This allows users to search for destinations or attractions of specific
locations.
Some functional requirements for search functionality in travel guide website include:
REQ-SF1-1: Relevance: The search results to be relevant to the user's query and should
accurately reflect the content of the website.
REQ-SF1-2: Speed: The search function should be fast and should not slow down the
overall performance of the website.
REQ-SF1-3: Accuracy: The search function should be able to accurately interpret the
user's query and return relevant results.
REQ-SF1-4: Filter options: Users should be able to filter price-based search results.
REQ-SF1-5: Mobile-friendly: The search function should be optimized for use on mobile
devices.

2.4.3. Chat Assistant

In our travel guide website, a GPT Turbo Chat Assistant feature on a travel guide website
would allow users to communicate with an Deep learning powered assistant through a
chat window. By having a Chat Assistant feature on the travel guide website, users can
get instant help and support, which can increase the satisfaction and engagement on the
website, reduce bounce rate and enhance the user experience.
Real-time communication: The chat assistant provides real-time communication with
users, allowing them to ask questions and receive answers in a conversational manner.
Understanding natural language: The chat assistant should be able to understand and
respond to user inputs in natural language, rather than requiring users to use specific
keywords or phrases.
Knowledge base: The chat assistant has a good knowledge base of information related to
travel, such as destinations.
Fallback: The chat assistant is able to provide a fallback mechanism redirect them to
relevant resources if the Chat Assistant is unable to assist.
Some functional requirements for this feature include:
REQ-SF1-1: Ease of use: Easy to communicate with the user.
REQ-SF1-2: Accurate information: The assistant should be based on true and valid
answers.
REQ-SF1-3: User-friendly design: The chat interface should be easy to use, with clear
instructions and intuitive navigation.
REQ-SF1-4: Cross-browser compatibility: The chat assistant should work on various web
browsers and different devices, such as mobile and desktop.
REQ-SF1-5: Performance: The chat assistant should have an acceptable response time
and maintain an acceptable level of performance even under high loads.

2.4.4. Admin Dashboard

In our travel guide website, admin dashboard is often included in the backend of our
website, which allows authorized users (such as website administrators) to access and
manage certain functionality and content. It is common for a travel guide website to
have an admin dashboard which allows the website administrator to manage and update
information about the destinations, users, and other information provided on the
website. It has a good priority.
In the context of our travel guide website with an admin dashboard, some response
sequences for different user actions include:
• Logging in to the admin dashboard: The administrator enters their login
credentials, and the system checks them against a database of authorized users. If
the credentials match, the user is granted access to the admin dashboard. If not,
the system displays an error message.
• Manage Tours: The admin navigates to the "Manage Destinations" page within
the admin dashboard, upload or selects an existing destination, modifies the
information in the form, and submits the form. The system then updates the
information in the database and may also display a confirmation message to the
admin.
• Deleting a destination: The admin navigates to the "Manage Destinations" page
within the admin dashboard, selects an existing destination, clicks on a delete
button, and confirms the deletion. The system then removes the destination from
the database and may also display a confirmation message to the user.


Some functional requirements for this feature include:
REQ-SF1-1: Ease of use: Easy to communicate with the user.
REQ-SF1-2: Accurate information: The assistant should be based on true and valid
answers.
REQ-SF1-3: User-friendly design: The chat interface should be easy to use, with clear
instructions and intuitive navigation.
REQ-SF1-4: Cross-browser compatibility: The chat assistant should work on various web
browsers and different devices, such as mobile and desktop.
REQ-SF1-5: Performance: The chat assistant should have an acceptable response time
and maintain an acceptable level of performance even under high loads.
2.5. Nonfunctional Requirements [1]

2.5.1. Performance Requirements
There are several non-functional requirements that are considered performance requirements
for our travel guide website. These include:
• Response time: The website should load quickly and respond to user input in a timely
manner.
• Scalability: The website should be able to handle an increase in traffic or data without
experiencing performance issues.
• Availability: The website should be available for users to access at all times, with a high
uptime.
• Concurrency: The website should be able to handle multiple users accessing and using it
simultaneously without experiencing performance issues.
• Compatibility: The website should be compatible with a range of devices and web
browsers.

2.5.2. Safety Requirements

In the case of our travel guide website, some potential non-functional safety requirements
include:
• Data Security: The website should protect the personal and financial information of users
from unauthorized access or cyber-attacks.
• Reliability: The website should be available and functioning properly at all times, without
disruptions or errors.
• User Authentication: The website should have secure measures in place to verify the
identity of users, such as login credentials or two-factor authentication.
• Accessibility: The website should be accessible to users with disabilities, such as visual
impairments or mobility limitations.
• Compliance: The website should comply with relevant laws and regulations related to
online privacy and security.
• Risk Management: The website should have processes in place to identify and mitigate
potential risks or hazards to users.
2.5.3. Security Requirements

Non-functional requirements related to security for travel guide website include:
• Data Encryption: The website should encrypt sensitive data, such as login credentials and
financial information, to protect it from unauthorized access.
• Vulnerability Management: The website should have processes in place to identify and fix
vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers.
• User Access Control: The website should have controls in place to manage user access to
different areas of the site and ensure that only authorized users can access sensitive
information.

2.1.1. Usability Requirements

Non-functional requirements related to usability for our travel guide website include:
• Ease of use: The website should be easy for users to navigate and understand, with
clear instructions and intuitive design.
• Learnability: The website should be easy for new users to learn and become proficient
with.
• Flexibility: The website should allow users to perform tasks in multiple ways, such as
using different input methods.
• Customizability: The website should allow users to customize their experience, such as
by personalizing their profile.
• Compatibility: The website should be compatible with a range of devices and web
browsers.
• Error handling: The website should handle errors in a user-friendly way, such as by
displaying clear and helpful error messages.
2.1.2. Reliability Requirements

Non-functional requirements related to reliability for our travel guide website include:
• Availability: The website should be available to users at all times, without disruptions or
downtime.
• Fault tolerance: The website should be able to handle and recover from failures or
errors without affecting the user experience.
• Scalability: The website should be able to handle an increase in traffic or usage without
experiencing performance issues.
• Performance: The website should load and perform tasks quickly and efficiently for a
positive user experience.
• Maintainability: The website should be easy to maintain and update over time, with
minimal disruption to the user experience.
• Recovery: The website should have a plan in place to recover from unexpected events
or disasters that could affect the site's availability or functionality.

2.1.3. Maintainability/Supportability Requirements

Non-functional requirements related to maintainability for our travel guide include:
• Modularity: The website should be designed in a modular way, with clearly defined
components that can be maintained or updated independently.
• Reusability: The website should use reusable code and components wherever possible
to reduce maintenance efforts.
• Testability: The website should have a robust testing framework in place to ensure that
updates and changes do not introduce new bugs or issues.
• Documentation: The website should have clear and thorough documentation for
developers, including details on code structure, dependencies, and any relevant APIs.
• Compatibility: The website should be designed to be compatible with a range of devices
and web browsers, to reduce the need for frequent updates.
2.1.4. Portability Requirements

Non-functional requirements for portability of our travel guide website include the following:
• Compatibility with different web browsers and devices: Our website should be
accessible and functional on a range of web browsers (e.g., Chrome, Firefox) and devices
(e.g., desktop computers, laptops, tablets, smartphones).
• Responsive design: Our website should have a responsive design that automatically
adjusts the layout to fit the size and orientation of the device being used to access it.
• Performance: Our website should have good performance, with fast load times and
smooth navigation, in order to provide a good user experience.

Chapter 3
Use Case Analysis

Chapter 3: Use Case Analysis

In this use case analysis, we used to identify the requirements for a system by analyzing
the interactions between users/admin (referred to as actors) and the system. In the
context of a travel guide website, some possible use cases include:
• Searching for destinations: A user searches for destinations based on criteria such as
location, activities, or hotel amenities. The system displays a list of matching destinations
and allows the user to view detailed information about each one.
• Viewing destinations: A user views reviews and ratings of destinations, flights, hotels, and
activities from other users. The system displays the reviews and allows the user to filter
them by criteria such as date or rating.
• Administering: A website administrator uses the admin dashboard to add or remove
destinations, and manage users from the website.
3.1. Use Case Model

Use Case: User
--
Figure 3. 1 Use Case: User

Use Case: Admin
Figure 3. 2 Use Case: Admin
Use Case: Chat Assistant
Figure 3. 3 Use Case: Chat Assistant

3.1. Fully Dressed Use Cases
Table 3. 1 Fully dressed use case for Admin Signup:
Use Case Name Registration
Level Administrator
Primary Actor Admin
Admin: He is for managing the website. Only admin can access the admin
Stakeholders
panel and then update and delete the data from the website.
Admin must have a valid email and valid password.

Pre-condition
Registration
Admin is registered.
Post-condition Admin can log in to his account.
Admin can view the admin dashboard.
Admin System
Main success
Admin enters the credentials Check Valid or not.
scenario
Click the “Signup” button The system saves all the records.
Special User-friendly interface.
Requirements Response time is a minimum of 3 seconds.
Miscellaneous N/A

Table 3. 2 Fully dressed use case for User Signup:
Use Case Name User Register
Level User
Primary Actor user
Stakeholders Tourists/Users
User must have a valid email, valid password, and valid name.
Pre-condition
Login
User is registered.
Post-condition
User can view and book destinations.
User System
Main success User enter the credentials Check Status
scenario Click the “Register” button. The system saves all the records.
Miscellaneous N/A

Table 3. 3 Fully dressed use case for Book destination:
Use Case Name User Register
Level Book Destination
Primary Actor user
Stakeholders Tourists/Users
User must have a valid email, valid password, and valid name.
Pre-condition
Login
User is Login
Post-condition User can search, view and book destination.
User can view the all-available tours.
User System
Main success User Click on book now button Check Status
scenario Add the destination details and The system saves the records.
click the “book now” button.
Miscellaneous N/A

Table 3. 4 Fully dressed use case for Admin Dashboard:
Use Case Name Manage User and Destination
Level Manage
Primary Actor Admin
Stakeholders Administrator
Admin must have a valid email, valid password, and valid name.
Pre-condition
Login to dashboard
Admin is Login
Post-condition
Admin can add, edit and delete tours.
User System
Main success User Click on Manage button Check Status
scenario Manage the User and destination The system saves the destination
details. records.
Miscellaneous N/A

Chapter 4
System Design

Chapter 4: System Design

When designing systems, we define the elements of our system as modules, architecture,
components and their interfaces and data for the system based on our project requirements.
4.1. Architecture Diagram

We use an architectural diagram because it shows a visual representation that maps the
physical implementation of the components of our project (website). It shows the general
structure of our project and the associations, constraints and boundaries between
individual elements.
Figure 4. 1 Architecture diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website

4.2. Domain Model
Figure 4. 2 Domain Model diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website
4.3. Entity Relationship Diagram with data dictionary
Figure 4. 3 Entity Relationship diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website

Data Dictionary:
Table 4. 1 Data Dictionary for Registration
Registration
Columns Description Data type Constraints Reference
Name Name for Admin/User String Primary Key

Login
Email Email required String
Password Password Required String
Table 4. 2 Data Dictionary for Login
Login
Email Email Required String Required User
Name for Save

Password String Required User
Inspirations
Table 4. 3 Data Dictionary for Add Destination
Add Destination
Title Name of destination String Required User
Description Review/details about String Required User

destination
Picture Picture of Destination String Required User
Price Price String Required User

Table 4. 4 Data Dictionary for Manage User
Manage User
ID ID of the user String Primary key Admin
Name Name of User String Required Admin
Role Role of User String Required Admin
Table 4. 5 Data Dictionary for Manage Destination
Manage Destination
ID Destination ID String Primary Key Admin
Name Name of destination String Required Admin
Title Title of destination String Required Admin
Picture Picture of destination String Required Admin

4.4. Class Diagram

A class diagram for our travel guide website includes the following classes:
• Registration: User can register from there with attributes (name, email, password and
confirm password).
• User: Represents a user of the website, with attributes (email, and password).
• Admin: Represents admin of the website, with attributes (email, and password).
• Destination: Represents a travel destination, with attributes (name, location, and
description)
• Admin Dashboard: Represents an Administrator of our website, who will have the
ability to modify and delete destinations as well as managing users, updating the
website's design and layout, monitoring user activities, etc.
Figure 4. 4 Class diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website

4.5. Object Diagram
Figure 4. 5 Object diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website
4.6. Sequence Diagram

The sequence diagram includes:
1. User registration: The user requests that a new user account be established on the
server after completing the registration form. Before informing the client whether or
not the registration was successful, the server checks to see if the user information is
valid.
2. User login: After providing their login details, a user asks server authentication. After
confirming the user's credentials, the server responds to the client by granting or
denying access.
3. Search tours: The user enters their search criteria, such as location, date, and price
range, and the server sends a request to get a list of tours that match those
requirements. Following a database query, the server responds to the client with a list
of matching tours.

4. Tour selection: After the user selects a particular tour from the list, the server is called
to get the details of the trip. The server asks the database for information on the tour
and responds to the client with availability, price, and description details.
5. Booking: The user selects the trips they desire and then clicks the "book now" button to
request a new booking from the server. The server replies to the customer to let them
know whether or not the reservation was successful and verifies that the trip is
available.
6. Payment: After submitting their payment details, a user requests that their transaction
be confirmed by the server. The client receives a response from the server informing
them if the transaction was successful or not. The server securely handles the
transaction using a payment gateway.
7. User reviews: User reviews can be submitted for trips they have recently taken. The
review is sent to the server, which logs it into the database.
8. Chat assistant: The user can chat to the chatbot to find out , get suggestions, or get help
with any issues. The chatbot uses the GPT turbo API to generate answers and make
user-specific recommendations.
9. Admin login: The admin dashboard requests for authentication from server. The server
confirms the administrator credentials before granting or denying access.
10. Tour management: The admin can view, add, modify, or delete tour information from
the admin dashboard. The administrator may also view the status of pending
reservations as well as the availability of excursions.
11. User management: From the admin control panel, the admin can examine user data
and manage users.
12. Logout: Both admin and user can logout.

Figure 4. 6 Sequence diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website: Admin
Figure 4. 7 Sequence diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website: User

4.7. Operation contracts

Operation contract of travel guide website.
Table 4. 6 Operation Contract for Registration
ID 01
Operation Registration (Name, Email, Password).
Cross Reference Registration
Preconditions The user must have a valid email and valid password.
Register.
Admin registration.
Post Conditions Admin can log in to his account.
Admin can view Admin Dashboard.
Table 4. 7 Operation Contract for Login
ID 02
Operation Login (Email, Password).
Cross Reference Login.
Preconditions There is a login page so that the user can fill in the login form.
Click on the button Login.
The admin must have a valid email and password.
Post Conditions Admin can log in to his account.
Admin can view Admin Dashboard.

Table 4. 8 Operation Contract for Booking
ID 03
Operation Book
Cross Reference User can book destination that are available
Enter booking details then click Book button

Pre-condition
Page will open
Post-condition Tour is booked
Table 4. 9 Operation Contract for Destinations View
ID 04
Operation Destinations
Cross Reference View Responsive list of destinations.
Pre-condition Users click on the Tours button from the menu bar.
Page will open
Post-condition Users can view the responsive list of all destinations. And click on
each destination to view detailed information, reviews and can
Book.

Table 4. 10 Operation Contract for AI Chat Assistant
ID 06
Operation AI Chat Assistant
Cross Reference Chatbot
User Click the chat assistant icon from the bottom right
Preconditions
Pop up Modal will open
Post-condition Users can ask any queries related to travel.
Table 4. 11 Operation Contract for Admin Dashboard
ID 07
Operation Admin Dashboard
Cross Reference Dashboard.
Pre-condition Login page will validate if the entered information matched with
admin. It will lead to the admin dashboard.
Open Admin Page
Admin is registered.
Post-condition
Admin can view and manage Users and destinations details.

4.8. Activity Diagram
Figure 4. 8 Activity diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website: User

4.9. State Transition Diagram
Figure 4. 9 State Transition diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website
4.10. Component Diagram
Figure 4. 10 Component diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website

4.11. Deployment Diagram
Figure 4. 11 Deployment diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website

Chapter 5
Implementation

Chapter 5: Implementation
We will discuss "SUFAR's" implementation in this chapter.
5.1. Important Flow Control/Pseudo codes

Admin Login:
• The system will give the admin, who may update the system's data, a safe and effective
registration facility.
• The administrator completes and submits the interactive form with the pertinent
information to sign in the system.
• The admin panel is entered into the system using this feature; therefore, the system
accords it a high priority.
User Registration and Login:
• Users should be able to easily register and create an account on your website, and then
securely login to access their account information and booking history.
View Tours and Tour details:
• User can access tour pages without login/register.
• Each tour or activity listing provide comprehensive information, such as a detailed
description, photos, user reviews, and pricing.
• User can also search each tour.
Booking:
• Users should be login/register first to be able to easily book tours on our website.
Chat Assistant:
• User can communicate with the Tour Guide assistant.
Admin Dashboard:
• Only authorized person can access the admin dashboard
• Admin can see the total number of users registered
• Admin can manage tours details (add, update, delete)

5.2. Components, Dependencies, Web Services

Components:
Some main components are:
• Home.jsx
1. Header.jsx
2. Router.jsx
▪ Tours.jsx
▪ Tourdetails.jsx
▪ ThankYou.jsx
▪ Testimonial.jsx
3. Footer.jsx
• Tours.jsx
• Login.jsx
• Register.jsx
• TourDetails.jsx
• Chatbot.jsx
Dependencies:
4. "dependencies": {
5. "@chakra-ui/react": "^2.7.0",
6. "@chatscope/chat-ui-kit-react": "^1.10.1",
7. "@chatscope/chat-ui-kit-styles": "^1.4.0",
8. "@emotion/react": "^11.11.1",
9. "@emotion/styled": "^11.11.0",
10. "@react-google-maps/api": "^2.18.1",
11. "@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.16.5",
12. "@testing-library/react": "^13.4.0",
13. "@testing-library/user-event": "^13.5.0",
14. "bootstrap": "^5.2.3",

15. "framer-motion": "^10.12.16",

16. "js-cookie": "^3.0.5",
17. "react": "^18.2.0",
18. "react-bootstrap": "^2.7.2",
19. "react-dom": "^18.2.0",
20. "react-icons": "^4.9.0",
21. "react-responsive-masonry": "^2.1.7",
22. "react-router-dom": "^6.6.1",
23. "react-scripts": "^5.0.1",
24. "react-slick": "^0.29.0",
25. "react-stripe-checkout": "^2.6.3",
26. "reactstrap": "^9.1.5",
27. "remixicon": "^2.5.0",
28. "slick-carousel": "^1.8.1",
29. "sweetalert": "^2.1.2",
30. "web-vitals": "^2.1.4"}
5.1. Deployment Environment

• Operating System: Windows 10.
• Database: Utilize MongoDB as the database for storing and retrieving travel guide data.
• Backend Framework: Use Node.js with Express.js as the backend framework.
• Frontend Framework: Build the frontend of the website using React.js.

5.2. Tools and Techniques

The following resources and methods will be used to create our application.
Documentation
• MS Word
• Visual Paradigm
• MS Excel
• Canva
• ChatGPT
• Google
• Google Scholars
• Research Gate
Designing
• Figma
• Canva
• Adobe Photoshop
• MidJourney
• ReactStrap
Development
• Visual Studio Code
Programming Languages
• JavaScript
Database
• MongoDB
Connections
• Postman APIs

5.3. Best Practices / Coding Standards

• Tabs ought to have four spaces.
• Pascal case should be used for class names.
• Camel case should be used for method names.
• Camel case should be used for variable names.
• Strings should be enclosed in double quotation marks.
• When commenting on a single line, use single-line comments.
• To comment on multiple lines, use comments that span multiple lines.
• Key-value arguments are used as parameters for functions.
5.4. Version Control

Version control will be carried out via GitHub. Beta versions will first be made available,
and only after thorough testing and user approval will the stable version be made
available. The database will continue to save and maintain backup copies of every version
of the Android application.

Chapter 6
Testing and Evaluation

Chapter 6: Testing and Evaluation

In this phase, we have tested our website. To make sure that our travel guide website's
functionality, usability, performance, and overall user experience were all met, we underwent
extensive testing and review. The ensuing regions were evaluated:
6.1. Use Case Testing [1]

User Login/Registration:
• By creating a new user account with valid and incorrect information, you may test the
registration process.
• By logging in with different existing users
Tour Search:
• Try out different terms, locations, or filter combinations to see how the search function
works.
• Make sure that based on the user's inputs, the search results show relevant locations.
Booking Process:
• Test the booking process by selecting a destination, choosing dates, and making a
reservation.
• Verify that the user receives a confirmation of their booking.
Reviews and Rating Submission:
• Try out the procedure for leaving a review for a tour.
• Check to see if the review has been successfully submitted and is accessible to other
users.
Error Handling:
• Test error scenarios, such as providing incorrect information, submitting multiple
reservations, or running into server issues.
• Make that the user receives the proper error messages and that the system responds to
problems politely.

Mobile Responsiveness:
• Check the website's usability and responsiveness on various mobile devices and screen
sizes.
• Check to see if all features and functions perform properly on mobile platforms.
6.2. Equivalence partitioning

Test Scenario: To test the Admin security through equivalence partitioning.
Table 6. 1 Equivalence partitioning

Equivalence partitioning
Invalid Valid Invalid
Not registered Registered Unauthorized
Result Status Pass Fail
Table 6. 2 Admin Registration

Field Name Invalid Valid Invalid
Name Less than 3 characters Characters 3-255 More than 255
Email Less than 11 Characters 11-255 More than 255
characters
Email type Not email type
Password Less than 6 characters Characters 6-50 More than 50

Table 6. 3 Login
Field Name Invalid Valid Invalid
Email Less than 11 Characters 11-255 More than255

characters
Email type Not email type
Password Less than 6 characters Characters 6-50 More than 50
Table 6. 4 Boundary value analysis

Username
INVALID Valid INVALID
(min-1) (min, +min, -max ,max) (max+1)
15 16– 30 31
Password:
7 8 – 30 31
Email:

15 16-30 31

Table 6. 5 Data flow testing

Data Flow (Testing)
Data Unit Name: Data Flow Method: Test

Results:
Home Main Page ->Components showed Successful
About Click on about -> About page open Successful
Tour Click on Tour ->Tour page open -> Displaying the tours Successful
-> click on one tour -> tour details page open
Tour Details Click on any tour -> tour details page open -> fill all the Successful
details then click Book now
Login Click Login -> Login page open -> Fill the credentials -> Successful
successfully navigate to the home page
Register Click on Register -> navigate to register page -> Enter Successful
details -> successfully navigate to login page
Ratings and Reviews In the bottom of every tour detail page -> give ratings Successful
and reviews to each tour -> click submit

Table 6. 6 Unit testing

Unit Testing of Software
Units
Software Unit Testingg Method: Test Results:

Name:
Home 1. 2. Validation, Successful.

3. Exception Handling,
Tools & Events.
Register 1. 2. Validation, Successful.

Tools & Events.
Login 1. 2. Validation, Successful.

Tools & Events.
About 1. 2. Validation, Successful.

3. Hardware Check,
Exception Handling,
Tools & Events.
Tours 1. 2. Validation, Successful.

Tools & Events.
Tour Details 1. Validation,

2. Exception Handling, Successful.
3. Tools & Events.
Rating/Reviews 1. Validation,
2. Exception Handling, Successful.
3. Tools & Events.

6.3. Integration testing

Table 6. 7 Integration testing of AI-Based Travel Guide Website.
Integration testing of AI-Based Travel Guide Website.
Software Unit Name: Test with Unit: Testing Method: Test Results:
Open Website. Show the Home 1. Validation, Successful.

Page.
Tools & Events.
3.
Register Register Page 1. Validation, Successful.
Tools & Events.
3.
Login Login Page 1. Validation, Successful.
Tools & Events.
3.
Tour Show Tour Page 1. Validation, Successful.
Tools & Events.
3.
About Us Show About us Page Successful.

Search Search Desired Tour 1. Validation, Successful.
Tools & Events.
3.
Tour Details Open Tour Details 1. Validation, Successful.

Page
Tools & Events.
3.
Book Tour Book Tour 1. Validation, Successful.
Tools & Events.
3.
6.4. Performance testing
Time how long it takes for the home page, search results pages, and booking pages to load. For
instance, it will take no more than two seconds for the main page to load, three seconds for
search results, and four seconds for booking results.
Analyzed how quickly features respond when users interact with them. For instance, the
booking confirmation created within 2 seconds of completing a booking and the search results
displayed within 4 second of submitting a search query.

Table 6. 8 Performance testing

Sr no.# Function Name Performance
1 UI loading High
2 Connection of modules High
3 Storing data High
4 Retrieving data High
5 Chatbot High
6.5. Stress Testing [1]

Concurrent User Load: To assess our website's performance under load conditions, simulate a
large number of concurrent users visiting it at once.
User Actions: Represent typical user behaviour on the website by simulating the following
actions:
I. searching for excursions using various parameters (such as destination, date, and price).
II. seeing the schedules and information of tours.
III. Booking tours.
IV. Creating booking confirmations and processing payments.

Chapter 7
Summary, Conclusion and
Future Enhancements

Chapter 7: Summary, Conclusion & Future Enhancements
7.1 Project Summary

The website, known as "SUFAR," is an AI-based travel website that also acts as a platform for
booking tours. The website incorporates the GPT Turbo 3.5 API to offer an AI chatbot that
serves as an AI tour guide, answering users' travel-related questions and making
recommendations. The website allows users to register and log in, search for tours using
different filters. And provide ratings and reviews for the tours they have taken. The project's
goal is to offer users a smooth and tailored tour booking experience, aided by the AI chatbot's
suggestions and recommendations.
By fusing conventional tour booking features with the chatbot's AI capabilities, the project
intends to improve user experience by giving users a distinctive and engaging platform to
research and book tours.
7. 1 Achievements and Improvements

Achievements:
Personalized recommendations: Thanks to the integration of an AI chatbot into the travel
guide website. User satisfaction and engagement can both be dramatically increased by this AI-
powered feature.
Booking Process Simplified: Finding and booking trips is made easier by the tour booking
website. Using the platform, users can quickly search for trips based on their tastes and safely
make reservations. This ease of use may boost client loyalty and conversion rates.
Effective Customer care: Even after standard customer care hours, users can get prompt
answers to their questions thanks to the AI chatbot functioning as an AI tour guide. As a result,
less manual intervention is required, increasing customer service effectiveness as a whole.

Improvements:
Accuracy of Natural Language Processing (NLP): The AI chatbot's NLP capabilities can be
improved, allowing it to comprehend user inquiries more precisely and respond with more
pertinent information. This enhancement can reduce any potential misconceptions and
enhance the quality of the dialogue as a whole.
Integration with External Services: By increasing integration with external services like hotel
booking websites, transportation providers, or nearby attractions, users can have a more
complete trip experience. For instance, the chatbot might recommend nearby lodging or
provide travel choices for the chosen tour.
UI/UX Enhancements: Enhancements to the UI and UX of the website can make it more
aesthetically pleasing, user-friendly, and intuitive. This can improve user experience overall by
making it simpler for visitors to utilise the website, access information, and make reservations.
7. 2 Critical Review
There are a number of standout characteristics and potential advantages offered by our AI-
Based travel guide website "SUFAR," however there are also certain elements that come under
scrutiny:
The effectiveness of the AI chatbot depends significantly on its correctness and dependability
in comprehending customer inquiries and offering pertinent solutions. User annoyance and
discontent could result from inaccurate or irrelevant recommendations. To guarantee
dependable and correct interactions, the chatbot's NLP capabilities must be continuously
monitored and improved.
User Trust and Data Privacy: It's critical to address privacy issues and develop a strong data
protection framework with user registration and personalization options. Users must have faith
that their private information is being used appropriately and securely. putting in place suitable
security measures.
Integration and Data Synchronization: Careful coordination and data synchronization are
necessary for the integration of numerous systems, including user profiles, ratings/reviews, and
tour booking.

User Interface and User Experience: Although the UI/UX design of the website is noted as
requiring improvement, it is crucial to offer a clear and visually appealing interface right away.
High bounce rates and user annoyance might be caused by complex navigation, cluttered
design, or unclear user flows. These issues can be resolved with a thorough usability
investigation and iterative design approach.
Customer service and Responsiveness: The AI chatbot can provide immediate assistance, in
some circumstances it might not be able to totally replace human customer service. Human
assistance may still be necessary to handle complicated questions or address particular
consumer difficulties. For continued outstanding customer service, ensuring a smooth
transition from chatbot conversations to human help when necessary is crucial.
7. 3 Lessons Learnt
Iterative Development Methodology: Using an iterative development methodology enables
ongoing improvement. Regularly assessing the website's performance, usability, and user input
enables early problem identification and resolution, resulting in a final product that is more
resilient and user-friendly.
Collaboration with OPEN-AI Service Provider: It's critical to maintain a close working
relationship with the openAI (in this case, GPT Turbo 3.5 API). Because while integrating this
API, I stuck many time. And it consumes a lot if time to solve these issues. Regular
communication, the sharing of comments, and asking for help when problems arise may
guarantee the best possible use of the AI capabilities and maximize the value it provides to the
website.
Scalability and Performance Considerations: It is essential to anticipate and plan for scalability
from the beginning of development. For the website to continue to offer a seamless user
experience as the user base expands, it is crucial to make sure that it can handle increased user
load, data volume, and transactions. To find and fix any bottlenecks, performance testing and
optimization should be done.

Ability to Adapt to Changing Technologies: It's important to stay current on new developments
in technology and market trends. A website may stay competitive and in line with customer
expectations by routinely analyzing new features and functions that could improve its services.
7. 4 Future Enhancements/Recommendations
Enhanced Personalization: By using user information and preferences, the website's
personalization features can be further improved. Based on unique user behavior and
comments, employ machine learning algorithms to deliver more precise and customized tour
recommendations.
Integration with Social Media Platforms: Enable people to post their tour reviews and
suggestions straight to well-known social media sites from the website. Through this
connection, brands may become more visible, gain more consumers, and promote user-
generated content.
Mobile Application Development: To give users of the trip guide website a convenient and
effective experience on their cellphones, create a mobile application for the platform.
User engagement and Social Community Building: Include elements that promote user
engagement and social community building. This can take the form of message boards, sections
with user-generated contents.
Multilingual Support: Expand the website's language support to accommodate users from
around the world. Multiple language support for translations and localized content can draw
visitors from around the world and broaden the website's audience.
Augmented Reality (AR) Integration: Investigate the incorporation of augmented reality (AR)
technologies to improve the tour booking experience. Users can use AR to visualize locations,
landmarks, or lodgings, giving them a more realistic and immersive overview of their travel
possibilities.

Reference and
Bibliography

References
[1] Z.-R. Peng, "Using Global Positioning System Data to Understand Variations in Path
Choice," 2000.
[2] Grafitti, "5 reasons not to hire such a Tour Guide," 06 02 2021. [Online]. Available:
https://mywaytours.pt/my-5-reasons-not-to-hire-a-tour-guide/.
[3] R. Ikram, "Best travel guide websites," 25 July 2022. [Online]. Available:
https://www.pilotplans.com/blog/best-travel-guide-websites.
[4] S. Hossain, 2023. [Online]. Available:
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/sayeedhossain2_nodejs-nodejsis-across-platformopen-
source-activity-7018807182074806273-AUB5/.
[5] "Pak Tourism Statistics 1995-2023," [Online]. Available:
https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/PAK/pakistan/tourism-statistics.
[6] H. Pearson, "Asia Regional News: The Latest from ATTA and Members in Asia, July
2022," 12 July 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.adventuretravelnews.com/asia-
regional-news-the-latest-from-atta-and-members-in-asia-july-2022.
[7] "Pakistan Tourism Development Corporation," 2021. [Online]. Available:
http://www.tourism.gov.pk/statistics. [Accessed January 2023].
[8] "Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019," World Economic Forum, 2019.
[Online]. Available: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TTCR_2019.pdf. [Accessed
2023].
[9] "DAWN," DAWN Newspaper, 25 April 2018. [Online]. Available:
https://www.dawn.com/news/1403800. [Accessed 2023].
[10] ChatGPT.
[11] "Intel® Core™ i7-4710MQ Processor," Intel, [Online]. Available:
https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/78931/intel-core-i74710mq-
processor-6m-cache-up-to-3-50-ghz/specifications.html.

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Final Year Project

A project submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of

Department of Software Engineering

[ ✓ ] Development [ ] Research [ ] R&D

Area of specialization Development

Project Group Members

Sr.# Reg. # Student Name Email ID *Signature

BSEM- Muhammad Maaz

BSEM- Muhammad Hammad

Plagiarism Free Certificate

Date: Name of Group Leader: Maaz Ghazanfar Signature: _____________

HoD: Dr. Tehreem Masood

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan ii

AI-Based Travel Guide Website

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan iii

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan iv

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan v

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan vi

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan vii

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan viii

2.4.3.2. Stimulus/Response Sequences .................................................................................... 28

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan ix

Table 6. 6 Unit testing ............................................................................................................... 67

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan x

Figure 2. 1 Home Page .................................................................................................................. 19

Figure 3. 1 Use Case: User ............................................................................................................ 35

Figure 4. 1 Architecture diagram of AI-Based Travel Guide Website ........................................... 42

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan xi

Table 1.1 WBS ................................................................................................................................. 9

Table 3. 1 Fully dressed use case for Admin Signup: .................................................................... 37

Table 4. 1 Data Dictionary for Registration .................................................................................. 44

Table 6. 1 Equivalence partitioning .............................................................................................. 64

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan xii

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan 2

1.2. Motivations and Challenges

1.3. Goals and Objectives

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan 3

1.4. Literature Review/Existing Solutions

Existing Systems: (Ikram, 2022)

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan 4

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan 5

1.5. Gap Analysis

1.6. Proposed Solution

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan 6

1.7. Project Plan

1.7.1. Work Breakdown Structure

• Application Administration Documentation

• System Administrator Documentation

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan 7

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan 8

1.7.2. Roles & Responsibility Matrix

Table 1.1 WBS

2 Pages 1 Design 10 Abdullah Tariq

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan 9

1.8. Gantt Chart

Figure 1. 1 Gantt Chart

1.9. Report Outline

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan 10

1.10. Empathy Map

Figure 1. 2 Empthy Map

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan 11

Faculty of CS&IT, The Superior University Lahore, Pakistan 12

Chapter 2: Software Requirement Specifications

2.1.2. Document Conventions