Quiz 2 Introduction to Ethics
) Complete and Incorrect Duties
Freedom as Foundation for Moral
Acts
Freedom – capacity to exert control
over one’s behavior based on REASON
rather than desire.
Autonomy – derive from the greed word
“Self-Legislator.”
“there is just one inherent right:
FREEDOM” or the absence of being
constrained by the decision of another.
- it can coexist with other people's
freedom in accordance with
universal law.
- it is illegal for government to
impose a particular concept of
happiness on its netizen.
Theory and Practice – each person’s
autonomy and right to define
happiness for themselves.
Kant’s Philosophy on morality
a.) Integrity and Duty
Goodwill – the only virtue that maybe
an unquestionably desirable.
- a common moral idea that openly
seeks to exploit certain virtues for
moral ends.
Duty – comes from the voluntariness
of an agent or a person because they
wish to uphold the moral law,
b.
-Complete duties, which include
telling the truth, must always be
fulfilled, and are seen as perfect
obligations.
-Incomplete duties, like
beneficence, allow flexibility in their
application and are considered
imperfect.
c.) Catalogue Imperative –
-regardless of our intentions or
desires, we are bound by a catalogue
imperative since it is everyone’s duty to
tell truth even when it is not in our best
benefit to do so.
d.) Universalizability
- Any action is based on a maxim or a
principle.
- An action is only lawful if it is
possible to have the principle that
makes it the standard by which
everyone else behave.
- Maxims that fail this test are
considered illogical and, therefore,
unethical.
e.) Humanity as a Main Goal
- Act in a way that treats humanity.
- always be treated as an end and
never only as a means.
- 2nd interpretation of Kant’s
Categorical imperative.
- Kant's idea that rational beings
should always be treated as ends
in themselves, deserving equal
respect for their logical justifications.