POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF COMMUNICATIONDEPARTMENT OF COMMUNICATION RESEARCH

ANONAS, STA. MESA, MAYNILA

Academic 2021- 2022

Second Semester

Academic Paper 1: Immanuel Kant

Academic requirements in the subject Ethics

Under Professor Jacinto ‘Jun’ R. Valila

Written by: Eunimae C. Castillo

From Bachelor of Arts in Communication Research 1-1N

College of Communication
Explain Kant’s Ethics of Universality.

Kant's ethics of universality is focused on morality in rational nature which would be a

universal ethical principle stating that one should always honor the humanity in another's and
therefore should only act by regulations that could retain for everyone else who set of universal
moral principles that apply to all individuals despite circumstance, which is being organized from
around idea of the categorical imperative and which specify by their human values and level of
autonomy. Kant's ethical theory, which would have been part of the Social reform tradition, was
based on the belief that reason should be used to determine how people should act. He did not
attempt to recommend specific actions, instead directing that purpose be used to evaluate how
to think and behave. Nevertheless, Kant argued that when we acknowledge our nature as
rational beings, we would then realize that reason demands us to behave in a manner, and this
could serve as the foundation of objective moral law. 'Do not cheat' are cases of morally
obligatory principles those who are judgments that, it could have been made the argument,
everybody must apply. Kant thinks that individuals, all human beings, seem to have the same
dignity that commands respect because although the individual is precious or the bearer of
rights. Thus according to Kant, it doesn't pertain from either the idea that we own ourselves, but
rather from the reality that we are all rational beings, which either essentially means that we
would be rational beings. Merely since he has an unusually demanding but instead stringent
understanding of freedom, freedom is autonomy, he even has a demanding understanding: a
morality to act freely would not be to choose an effective way to a given end, it is to still choose
end itself for its own sake that something that individuals can moral worth of an action depends
on motive (do the right thing for the right reason). Goodwill is rot good because of what it affects
or accomplishes. As such, for whichever action to be morally good, it must somehow conform to
the oral law, but it must also be accomplished for the sake of moral law. This same concept is
the primary motivation that confers an all worth on action, yet the only kind of motive that really
can prove an all worth on action is the underlying motivation of duty. Kant's exact reverse will be
all of those intentions knowing to do about our inclinations, as well as inclinations pertain to all
of our desires, all of our contingently specified wants, interests, impulses, and the like, and
therefore only acts committed for the sake of the moral law, and for the sake of duty, only
certain actions have moral worth. A moral remark that is true in one situation must be true in all
others. Whether we are religious or otherwise, morality is obtainable and valuable to us.
Discuss thoroughly how Kant arrived at formulating the categorical imperative. Why is it
necessary to establish

Kant comes to another conclusion that individuals consider these acts to be mistaken
since they can believe that others would do these things. It seems it would mean the end of
humanity, and perhaps the actor's social life as he pondered the proper way to behave. Our
rational thought imposes moral obligations on our daily life. If we make rational decisions
regarding how we must behave, we might very well quickly realize that certain actions are
irrational. He claims that almost all forms of dishonesty are fundamentally unreasonable. Kant
also claimed that morality is intimately connected to the rational part of human nature. Often
these aspects of our lives provide possibilities for deceit: in games, on taxes, with business
associates, and with partners. Individuals violate the law in all of these cases for selfish
enrichment. Several of these recent studies revealed that deception is nevertheless ingrained in
human nature, even though most of us lie far more often than we realize. At least half of all
people lie at least once per day. The Categorical Imperative is da development of standards for
evaluating moral actions and making ml decisions. It is not r mandate to accomplish specific
actions. As commands or moral laws, all individuals should indeed follow, despite their desires
or unusual circumstances. Imperatives are merely an ought. If the action is signified as goods in
itself and hence as essential for an one that will comply with reason, then that would be a
categorical imperative. This somehow appears that acting autonomously is acting thus
according to conscience, including a law one makes for oneself, but what assurances that if we
all assert our reason, we will all arrive at the same conclusion? On such an important point,
Kant does say there must be some encouragement to obey the moral law; it cannot be a self-
interested reward because that would defeat it; he speaks of reverence for the moral law by
definition. Should at the least, it's indeed clear what Kant means when he says that for an action
to have moral worth, it must be done for the sake of duty rather than inclination. So, whether we
are responsible for freedom as autonomy, we must've been capable of behaving according to a
law we create for ourselves, also where could such a law come from, a law that we create for
ourselves? If reason determines my will, afterward a will has now become the strength option of
choosing independent of humanity's, inclinations', or circumstances' determines.
REFERENCE

• Harvard University (2009) Justice: What's The Right Thing To Do? Episode 06: "MIND
YOUR MOTIVE"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rv-4aUbZxQ
• Teachers College Columbia University (2020, July 13) Categorical Imperatives and the
Case for Deception: Part I
https://www.tc.columbia.edu/institutional-review-board/irb-blog/categorical-imperatives-
and-the-case-for-deception-part-i/

• Britannica (2022, April 30) Categorical Imperatives

https://www.britannica.com/topic/categorical-imperative.