MALAYSIA

We are
here

• Kuala Lumpur is the Capital City of Malaysia.

• The Mt Kinabalu is in Sabah State (East Malaysia).
• To get to Kota Kinabalu City, Sabah is by air from Kuala Lumpur.
• MOUNT KINABALU is located at Kinabalu Park in Ranau District, Sabah.
• 1 and half hour to Kinabalu Park from Kota KInabalu City, by road.
 • Malaysia is located outside
the Pacific Ring of Fire. But,
Malaysia will not be
immune to earthquakes
forever.
• Malaysia is close to
areas that have
experienced strong
earthquakes;
• Sumatra and
MALAYSIA Andaman Sea.
• South Philippines
and North
Sulawesi.
• The latest studies
pertaining to the risk of
earthquakes in Malaysia
shows Malaysia is
susceptible to earthquakes:
• East M at risk of
moderate quakes
• West Malaysia, mild
quakes.
CERT Basic Training, Unit 5: Light 5-4
Search and Rescue Operations
 MOUNT KINABALU
• The highest peak in Southeast
Asia: 4,095.2 meters above sea
level.
• Main tourist attraction of Sabah.
• Designated as Malaysia's first
World Heritage Site in 2000.
• Centre of Plant Diversity.
• Ascending Mount kinabalu
requires physical fitness.
• It takes 2 days to climb,
overnight rest is needed.
• The trail is tough with rocky
terrain and weather unexpected.
• The journey will take 8.5 KM trek
to the top (peak).
• My experience, 2-3 persons out
of a group of eight persons
suffer altitude sickness in the
mountain.
• All climbers need to have night
short rest to acclimate to the
alttitude.
• Yearly, over 20,000 people from
all over the world climb the
mountain.
• Living laboratory and showcase for nature
education and researchers.
• The Mt Kinabalu surroundings are among
the most important biological sites in the
world.
• Between 5,000 and 6,000 species of
plants, 326 species of birds, and more
than 100 mammalian species identified.
• Among this rich collection of wildlife are
famous species such as the gigantic
Rafflesia plants and orangutans.
• The world's richest variety of orchids are
found on the high rockier slopes.
• The largest single flower in the world
“Rafflesia” also found in Kinabalu.
 Mount Kinabalu is the 20th most prominent mountain in the world by
topographic prominence. Mount Kinabalu is essentially a massive pluton
formed about 10 million years ago.
Mountain Torq - The world’s highest via
ferrata, at Mt Kinabalu.
• This is a challenging adventure, and
those interested looking for the
challenge of attempting the summit of
Mt Kinabalu able to experience via
ferrata (a journey of about 2–3 hours).
• Designed for the brave and active
with above-average fitness levels.
• Do not have a fear of heights or are
willing to conquer their fear of
heights.
 Earthquake is the
Natural Disasters
tragedies that often
threaten human lives
and destroy property.

 Earthquakes are
usually caused when
rock underground
suddenly breaks along
a fault.

 This sudden release of • The spot underground where the

energy causes the rock breaks is called the FOCUS of
seismic waves that the earthquake.
make the ground • The place right above the focus
shake. (on top of the ground) is called the
EPICENTER of the earthquake.
 The USGS ShakeMap
reports for Kinabalu
Earthquakes are
caused by the
movement on a NE-
SW trending normal
fault.

 As the epicenter was near to Mt

Kinabalu, shaking caused massive
landslide around the Mt Kinabalu.

 It also damaged trails, hostels and

other infrastructure.
• Tremors were also felt all over the
state's and Brunei.
• The tremors shock buildings and
rattled windows prompting people
to run out from their shelter.
• Due to the earthquake, peoples in every district
were shock by the shaking, they gathering on
the road outside their buildings and homes.
• While at Mt Kinabalu near to the epicenter of
the earthquake, people stuck at the top of the
mountain without food, exposed to bad weather
and were injuried and death.
 ‘Donkeys Ears’ at the
7.15am : 6.0 Magnitud
summit of the
Earthquake Struck Mt
mountain Falls.
Kinabalu
News spreads so fast
187 climbers and 46
due to communication
mountain guides
technology.
stranded stranded at
• International
7.5km while
• National
decending down due
• Family
to continuing
• 999
rockfalls and
damage to a key trail.
• Unable to land a
helicopter at the
mountain.
• Climbers stranded
at 7.5km, 1 minute
like 1 hour for them.
• Best decision by
Helicopter unable to the Mountain Guide
get closer due to in the emergency
poor visibility and situation: they get
bad weather together and find an
(fog/cloudy) alternative way to
decending down.

SAR Agency: Fire &

Rescue arrive at Mt
Kinabalu at 8.55am.
 • Mountain guides
have helped
climbers to a
safety place at
Laban Rata from
Initial rescue were done Mountain top.
by Mountain Guide at • Climbers get their
their level best. It was food, stuffs, short
rest and waiting
part of the mountain
for the further
guide reaponsibility for rescuers.
their climbers. • They cannot go
• After 6 Hours further because of
stranded without food bad weather and
and drinks. getting dark.
• The mountain guide
with their effort to find
an alternative trail to
descend.
• They formed abseiling
lines with ropes and • The group meet
used their own bodies the Fire and
as safety barriers for rescue at Laban
the climbers and they Rata.
also carry climbers • It tooks 4 hours
who tired and in fear. for the fire and
rescue to reach
Laban rata to
provide rescue.
Above
2000M

Below
2000M
 The SAR assisted
every group they
meet while
decending down.
 Injured climbers
brought to
Basecamp.
 SAR continue to
Laban Rata to find
the other
climbers.
 While the day are
getting dark, the
SAR team
continue to the
top.
 The SAR
recovered the first
dead victim.
 SAR Team
accompanied
survival climbers
to Basecamp.
 It was challengging for the Search & Rescue Team to deploy the
SAR team to the top of the mountain due to several matters;

Accessibility Accessibility
1. Trekking 2. By Air
- Require physical fitness - Not normal practise
- Tiring - People perception: best option
- Time taken - Acual fact:
 Not easy- operation
 Air terbulance
 Strong wind
 Landing site too steep
 Poor visibility
 Fly time limited
 Not equiped with oxygen
supply (pilot)
Aftershock Rock falls Bad weather condition
- 89 Aftershok recorded
within 19 days.

Limited view due to fog Trail damaged Operation time

Helicopter able to fly within

6.30am - 7.00am and 4.00pm -
5.00pm due to bad wearther and
poor visibility.
SEARCH & RESCUE
OPERATION: Kinabalu SAR
SAR: 2nd DAY

6.30am a Military
Helicopter took off to
Laban Rata Helipad
carrying SAR Team
comprising SMART
Team, FRDM, Military,
Civil Defence,
Mountain Guide and
Park Ranger.
SAR: 2ND DAY

11 remains found by
the SAR Teams at KM
6.5 to KM 6.8, which
was path of boulders
and rockfalls.
SAR: 2ND DAY

Most of remains found

at Via Ferrata, which
was path of boulders
and rockfalls.
The
Scene
SAR: 3RD DAY

SAR Team were deployed to

the mountain at early
morning 6.30am.

 Managed to recover 7
remains at the same area:
KM 6.5 to KM 6.8.
 All remains victims had
been recovered.
 Due to bad weather,
Helicopter had to wait
until 4.30pm before ile
to fly down and bring
the reamins to State
Hospital.
 All 18 missing victims
been found - dead.
SAR : 4TH DAY

 SAR Operation was

postpone due to
back weather.

 Briefing by FRDM
State Director To
Prime Minister
5th Day Operation

SAR Team were

deployed to the
mountain at early
morning 6.30am to do
the final sweeping &
overhaul of the area.
FINAL SWEEPING &
‘OVERHAUL’

OPERATION CLOSE –
6TH DAY – (10 Jun 2015)
Damage to house
Housestructure
Damaged Damage to Buidlings

Effect Of The To The

Community

Landslide Landslide Mud Flood 5-42

The aftermath of the
6.0 sr Mt Kinabalu Ranau
Earthquake affected:-
61 buildings
22 roads
22 slopes.

200 families in suffered

after mudslides destroyed
their homes, farms and
plantations as well as
disrupted water supply.
Aftershock happen almost every day after the quake and the
continuous heavy rains for a few days caused a mud-flood in some
rivers sorrounding the Mt Kinabalu.
• For villagers of quake-hit Sabah, 104 Aftershock recorded
nightmare continues as aftershocks until 31 December 2015.
and mudslides.
• 382 people from 91 families from
hilly area were placed in the
Ranau community hall.

Their source of water from

nearby Sungai Liwagu has been
clogged with tonnes of tree
branches from the mudslides.
Casualty

Group Total Safe Injured Dead

Climbers 187 151 22 14

Mountain Guides 46 44 - 2

Mountain Torq Staff 11 9 - 2

Sabah Park Staffs 2 2 - -

Sutera Sanctuary 31 31 - -
Lodge Staffs

Total 277 237 22 18

SAR

– Firefighters - 118  Volunteer - 31

– Police – 103  Meteorology Dpt– 5
– Army – 103  SAPURA – 5
– Civil Defence – 37  Radio Amatuer – 11
– SMART – 16  Hospital – 17
– Geologist – 2
– Sabah Park – 40
– Mountain Guide – 74
– Reporter – 2
Dangerous/ Hazardous rock debris Extremely cold weather factor reaches
due to follow-up shaking. 7 ° c which can cause
Almost every hour of "Hyportemia". This situation
shaking will be felt is too foreign to all rescue
throughout the search and teams. Working at extreme
rescue work. This situation cold above 10,000 feet up to
is not only a factor in the rise 12,000 feet above the summit
of the trapped victim, but it of Mount Kinabalu, was the
also creates a danger to the first experience of the team.
team. PPE incompatibility
exacerbates the situation
among lifeguards. At the
altitude, the oxygen content of
the air decreases and it
requires a self-adjustment
process called "Acclimation".
 At elevation altitude of 10,000 The GIRN communication tool
to 12,000 feet above the coverage at the Fire
Altitude sickness

summit of Mt Kinabalu, Control Center (FCC)

someone will be exposed was weak and affected
to "Altitude Illness", also GIRN's communications
from FCC to the SAR
known as "Acute Team. At an altitude of
13,000 feet it becomes
Mountain difficult to
Sickness" establish a network of
communication
(AMS). relationships.
 Lesson Learned

 Training and exercising plans

is the cornerstone of
preparedness.
 The team focuses on
readiness to respond to all-
hazards incidents and
emergencies.
 As ‘lead agency’ always think
beyond expectation.
 No single agency can handle the
disaster.
 NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
(NSC) Directive No.20 - POLICY
AND MECHANISM IN THE
MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL
DISASTER AND RELIEF IN
MALAYSIA, integrated disaster
management system to deal with
any kind of disaster.
 Incident Command System
application
 FRDM formed a mountain search
and rescue (MOSAR), as a
measure to prepare for natural
disasters or other emergencies in
Mt Kinabalu.
 To handle an emergency situation
within a shorter response time
thus improving search and rescue
efforts.
The were 40 members of MOSAR
and they a mountain guide.

 Every day, 12 members of

MOSAR on duty 24/7 along
climbing route that now provides a
safer and reliable climbing
environment.
 There is a need to
establish a clear and
systematic Earthquake
Incident Action Plan (IAP)
to address the
earthquake more
efficiently and effectively
in the future.
 Incident management of the
earthquake requires the provision of
PPE equipment and logistic
management that is integrated and
integrated among all government
agencies involved. Additionally, the
PPE equipment for each rescue
team member should be enhanced
for the safety and efficacy of the
team.
 The High Altitude SAR operation that was carried out
for 5 days from June 5 until June 9, 2015, was handled
with excellence with coorperation and contribution from
various agency. All of SAR teams did everything under
the circumstances, and everyone involve did their part
commendably working tirelessly and selflessly.

It was a sad historical for the nation especially Sabah

State, which resulted the death 18 people, 22 injured
involving public.

For us, Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia, the

incident proved our ability in facing any unwanted
disaster that would befall Malaysia.

Thank You