NATURAL HAZARDS

Natural Hazard
Natural hazards are
potentially damaging natural
phenomena that may occur
within specific period of time
in a given area that may cause
danger to people, structures
or economic assets and
which may lead t o a disaster.
 KINDS OF NATURAL
HAZARDS

1. Hydro Meteorogical Hazards

2. Geological Hazards
3. Astronomical Hazards
GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS
Geological Hazards

July 16, 1990; Intensity 8

1,666 dead – 3,500
injured P11B cost of damage in
property
P1.2B in agriculture

a. Earthquake
a. Earthquake
- An earthquake is a shaking
of the ground caused by
sudden slippage of rock masses bel
ow or at the surface
of the earth.
- It is a wave-like movement o
f the earth’s surface.
 Preparedness and Mitigation
(What to do before):
• Evaluate the structural soundness of school
buildings and important infrastructures and
recommend for strengthening or retrofitting if
found
necessary.
• Determine whether the school site is
along the active fault and/or liquefaction or
landslide prone areas which may cause
school building to fall;
• Make sure that proper structural design and
engineering practice is followed when
constructing a school building;
• Make sure that all classrooms shall have
an entry and exit doors to include an entry
and exit gates, both doors at swing-out mode.
• Familiarize students as well as school
personnel with the easiest exit or route to take
• Teach the school children on how to use fir
e extinguishers, first aid kits, alarms and
emergency exits.
• Do not use the elevator during and after the
earthquake. Structural and power failure may
lea d you to get stranded in the elevator.
• Identify strong parts of the building like door
jambs, near elevator shafts, sturdy tables
where the pupils/students can take refuge
during an earthquake.
• Prepare and maintain an earthquake survival
kit consisting of a battery-powered radio,
flashlight, first aid kit, potable water, candies,
ready to eat food, whistle and dust mask.
• Develop a School Earthquake Evacuation Plan.
• Conduct Orientation and Earthquake Drill.
 • Acquire the most recent school grounds
layout or planning to identify open spaces and
deter mine the total area of available space
that can be utilized as “area of temporary
refuge” that
will be designated for the occupants of each
school building.
• Obtain a building lay out/floor plan for each
building that shows the rooms, corridors,
staircases and exit points.
• Conduct building watching exercise and
identify safe and unsafe spots inside the
school grounds.
 Response (What to do during):

• Stay inside a structurally sound building.

• Advise students to protect their body from
falling debris by bracing themselves in a
doorway or by getting under a sturdy desk or
table.
• Pull to the side of the road and stop, when
inside a vehicle, do not attempt to cross
bridges or overpasses which may have been
damaged.
• Direct students to move to an open area
when they are in the outside.
• Stay away from buildings with large glass
panes.
• Move away from steep escarpments
which may be affected by landslides
particularly if they are on a mountain or
near a steep hill slopes.
• Stay away from power lines, posts, walls,
and other structures that may fall or
collapse
 Rehabilitation (What to do after):
•Advise students to take the fastest and
safest way out if caught in an old and weak
classroom. They should be advised to:
•Get out calmly and in an orderly manner.
Not to rush or push one another.
•Do not use elevators instead use the
stairs;
•Check themselves for cuts and for injuries
and approach the nearest teacher for
assistance.
• Check the surroundings of the schools
• Call the authority to clean up chemical spills,
toxic and flammable materials since this is
hazardous to untrained people.
• Check for fire and if any, have it controlled.
• Check the water and electrical lines for defects.
If any damage is suspected, turn the system off in
the main valve or switch.
• Help reduce the number of casualties from the
earthquake:
• Do not enter partially damaged school buildings,
as strong aftershocks may cause these to
collapse.
• Gather information and disaster
prevention instructions from battery-
operated radios.
• Obey public safety precautions.
• Do not use your telephone to call relatives
and friends. Disaster prevention
authorities may need the lines for
emergency calls and communications.
• Do not use your car and drive around
areas of damage.Rescue and relief
operations need the roads for mobility.
 Geological Hazards
(Effect of an
Earthquake)

Affects the country’’s coastal areas up to four

meters above sea level. The coastal areas of
southwest Mindanao are most vulnerable

b. Tsunami
 TSUNAMI
- Tsunamis are giant sea
waves generated by under-the
sea earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions.
Not all submarine earthquakes,
however, can cause the occurrence
of tsunamis.
Preparedness and Mitigation
(What to do before):
•Conduct school advocacy on tsunami
awareness, preparedness and mitigation.
Regular tsunami drills should be conducted.
•Turn on your radio to learn if there is a
tsunami warning if an earthquake occurs
and you are in a coastal area.
•Assign a focal person to monitor and
observe the water recession after an
earthquake.
 Response (What to do during):
•CAUTION: Move away immediately, if
there is noticeable recession in water
away from the shoreline.
•Move inland to predetermined higher
ground immediately and stay there.
•Stay away from the beach. Never go
down to the beach to watch a tsunami
come in. If you can see the wave you
are too close to escape it.
 Rehabilitation (What to do after):
• Stay away from flooded and
damaged areas until officials say it is
safe to return.
• Stay away from debris in the
water; it may pose a safety hazard to
boats and people.
• Save yourself – not your
possessions.
 San Francisco, S.
Leyte, Dec.15-
23, 2003
207 dead – 54 injured – 1 Geological Hazards
missing P508.4M - cost of

c. Landslide
Geological Hazards

Landslide
c. Landslide •A landslide is a massive outward
and downward movement of
San Francisco, S.
Leyte, Dec.15-
Geological Hazards slope-forming materials.
23, 2003 •The term landslide is restricted to
207 dead – 54 injured – 1
missing P508.4M - cost
movements of rocks and soil
masses. These masses may
range in sized from card to entire
mountainsides.
•Their movements may vary in
velocities
•Landslide as a geological hazard
is caused by earthquake or
volcanic eruption.
•This initiated when a section of a
hill slope or sloping section of a
sea bed is rendered weak to
support its own weight
Geological Hazards

Mt.
Pinatubo The worst volcanic
eruption of the century June
1991 800 - dead P10.6B -
damage

d. Volcanic Eruption
d. Volcanic Eruption
Volcanic Eruption is a process
wherein volcanic materials such as
molten or hot fragmented rocks or
gaseous materials are ejected from a
volcano. Hazards from volcanoes may
be of different nature. These hazards
include flowing of fast-moving molten
rocks and other ejected.
 Three Phases of Strategy

1. Preparedness and Mitigation

( what to do before)
2. Response (what to do during)
3. Rehabilitation (what to do
after)
Thank You