Water Resources on

Earth
Water resources are found all over the world.

Water resources are used in agriculture,

industries, subsistence, transport, and
recreational activities.
Groundwater
● Groundwater is the
water which can be
found below the
Earth’s surface.

Groundwater
Aquifers
● Aquifers are bodies of
rock and/or sediment
with the ability to store
and transmit water.

Confined and unconfined

aquifers
Aquifers
● Unconfined aquifers
collect water straight
from the surface

● Confined aquifers are

trapped between two
rock layers.
Confined and unconfined
aquifers
Artesian Wells
● Artesian wells are an
example of a method of
extracting groundwater,
and these wells can do it
without being pumped.

Artesian well
DESALINATION
• This is the process of
removing salt from
saltwater. It usually
involves purification of
water.

The desalination process

 Uses of Water

Domestic Medical
1 ex. homes
3 ex. medical equipment

Agricultural Industrial
2 ex. farming
4 ex. factories
Water Use in the Philippines

Graph on Philippine water use

 Groundwater is the water which can be found below
1 the Earth’s surface.

Saltwater may be turned into freshwater through

2 desalination.

Desalination allows the removal of dissolved salts

3 and minerals from water.
 LEARNING
COMPETENCY
Identify the various water
resources on Earth
 Objectives
• Identify the different water resources on Earth
• Classify the various water resources according to
their types
• Display cooperation in performing all the tasks
within the class
• Makakalikasan- Recognize the value of caring and
preserving our water resources
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15
 Water
Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H2O.
It is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical
substance, and it is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the
fluids of all known living organisms
 Water resources are
natural resources of water
that are potentially useful
for humans, for example
as a source of drinking
water supply or irrigation
water.
SOURCES OF WATER
Rain water
Oceans
RIVERS
PONDS
SPRINGS
WATER FALLS
DAMS
TUBE WELLS
 ACTIVITY NO 2
Refer to the Chart of water resources
on Earth and Classify the items in
your list as to whether they are
under Saltwater resources,
Undeground and Surface Water
Resources
Saltwater Groundwater Surface Water
Resources Resources Resources
33

SURFACE WATER
• Water present on the surface
of the earth in the form of
oceans, rivers, lakes,
reservoir, ponds, lagoon and
streams.
36
UNDERGROUND
WATER
• Groundwater is the most plentiful of all freshwater resources.
• As water percolates into the ground through layers of soil, clay,
and rock, some of it adheres to the topmost layers to provide
water to plants.
When a water-bearing
rock readily transmits
water to wells and
springs, it is called an
aquifer
38

• Most often, groundwater is accessed by humans via wells.

39
SALTWATER
RESOURCES
• Majority of water on Earth is salty!
• Saltwater is abundant in the surface of the planet.
• Chloride and sodium are the most abundant ions found in salt water.
40
SALTWATER
RESOURCES
• In countries such as the Saudi Arabia
and Singapore, there is a scarcity in
freshwater. These countries implement
the desalination of seawater. Salt is
removed from the seawater by
distillation or reverse osmosis.
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a
water purification process
that uses a semi-
permeable membrane to
separate water molecules
from other substances
43
 INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
Classify the various sources of water through writing them on the
appropriate columns of your worksheets. Indicate the type of
resources as your heading.
A. B. C.
A. Surface Water B. Underground C.Saline/salt
Water water
Candaba Swamp • Puerto Princesa • Boracay Beach
Rio Grande Underground River • El Nido, Palawan
Laguna de Bay • Caramoan
Lamesa Dam • Siargao
Basak Lake
Maguindanao’s Blue
Lagoon
Small Lagoon
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49
Quality and Availability of
Water
There are many factors the affect water quality.

Chemical, biological, and other parameters are

usually affected.
Nutrient Enrichment
● This happens when
excessive nutrients are
introduced into water.

Algal bloom
Acid Rain
● This happens when rain
becomes excessively acidic
as a result of processes in
the atmosphere.

Acid rain formation

Salinity Changes
● Changes in the salt content,
can be cause by human
activities.

Farming activities can change the salinity

of soil and adjacent bodies of water
Pathogenic Organisms
● Pathogens are agents that
cause diseases.

● Examples of pathogens are

bacteria, viruses, fungi, and
parasites.

Coliform bacteria
Contamination
● Contamination can be
caused by chemicals and
pesticides.
● This leads to toxicity of the
environment, or nutrient
enrichment in some cases.

Chemical runoff from a factory

Agricultural Activities
● many agricultural activities,
like tilling and clear cutting,
have the potential to affect
groundwater and adjacent
bodies of water.

Farmland
Poor Water Quality
● All organisms within the
habitat are potentially
affected. The effects vary
from light to severe,
depending on the organism.
Effect of poor water quality on
organisms
Poor water quality
● This can also affect humans,
since poor water quality can
cause diseases.

Contaminated canal
 Acid rain is rainwater that is more acidic than normal.
1
Pathogenic organisms include bacteria, protozoa, and
2 some viruses.

Pesticides are not only hazardous to our drinking water

3 but also a threat to aquatic organisms.
WRITE TRUE IF THE STATEMENT IS TRUE, AND
FALSE OTHERWISE.
1. Acid rain occurs when excessive amounts of nutrients, particularly
phosphorus and nitrogen are present.
2. Microbiologists usually detect the presence of coliform bacteria to identify if
pathogens are present in a water sample.
3. Pesticides are hazardous to our drinking water but not considered a threat
to aquatic organisms.
4. Algal bloom results to oxygen deprivation which in turn harm or even kill
fishes.
5. Intensive cultivation and growing of livestock have contributed to
HOW DOES
EUTROPHICATION
OCCUR? WHAT ARE THE
CONSEQUENCES OF
THIS EVENT?