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22EC 22|0 R- Nctusork petocols f Bcuihy


Home asign ment -3
List approc hu to Congestion Contn!
Cong
and exphin n detoil the
mechon'sms ko conho conguion.
Conto
Congestion a

uted to prevent thu ovelod of a nehoet


when ntuoozk is everload, d. oo mueh
byaic is to be tonsmithd, wbich
Can lead to patkt loss
pexfomanw pro bln.
delayi and
ctha

Congesion Cont techhiguy Con be


implemente at the end devies (Sou
an d desfinaion haut thu nchoork
(sioutas an dSsitehy)
These main pprochy to
Cmguton conh.l:
1.

Contiot
a. clased-lop Conguian
Th oprack atemph to prunf Congah,
befor
Som eromyles
"tonhi teahnis uy ineud
Admituiorn Contol. This teehiniqy preat
Commecion Fton bing eualhed
he tvensmision
i the Sendey fecls that Sent L

Jost the
puhunamit!
sin dou
The type of sinhdeus
d at th snds sidh
aso Congufion, se eal packes
Go-back-n csin do ws Qye re Sent
Somu paeket be Meceived
at sh LCeiveY sid
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god dirdng poley atphd by muhy


t hat th outets my prenf congesion
and at th
th cornplkd
Samu
Fieporhally
porfaly dicar d
lesy Sentiive
nd abo be abh to maintain tha

Since ack ae olo the pavt of


th load in th ackuaskgd
polig impes d by th Yecei ve may
pohy
aPet
Corgaton, Sewnd approch Can

prevent fo
adalkdyran.
Th eeeiv) should Send
For packet valher than
for
snding
pacs
Th veeeivn should send an achnous
kdoqp
only i i} haj to Send apackd
Gantol
claed Jong Congeai
camgesian
on tontnl tehniu
uud to heat alle viat tongsen l,
it hogen.
Seveal teekhniqus ud by
Bockgresure.
Th tehniquu of
bacspresue
Contos mechanim
mcchanibm in
fe
which

inintdiati gsheam. node


thi may Cawe th
to becem canguk!
tejut data From thu upetram ney
hod And
chote packl tbaiqe 2)0003313)
+A choke packet is a paclt isen by a
nede to the so e to inform it !

chek perked

ong<shian

Thre ho Comnwn ltation


hoda an d the soure.
Th that ha
in nehu Congukon
Explett
The node that experieny Conq
Send a sina to SouYe
to t
sion Can

daination
The
from th chela paret mathod.hoe ven
in th chok pett
pachet method Sepavat pacbet
a
tha furpo, Lut for
intludd in Patkt Phst siyna is
2 Exploin
handshak

(onnahon blu lint


atoblshed
+h
clint
eda
33
cint node ceivy
Seey andd on ith on At
chent Serve.
Send 'Fi
(sq )
feceivy
(sea:)

(act: x)
Send A' Ak
atk <utl
3. Explin hthu ditloenl hyp of Fay
in Tep Hels.
A. Thue sîk Plagy uud in thu
huada
* Syw(sncvoni tabion) Th
to estabih new Tep tonnuhon
+Ack (Acknou ladyrent) h Ack
to Abnos ledye the receipl of data
*FiN (Finish]: The FlN
trminate Tep connecon
RST RESET): The RsT is uted to
Yut a Tep co nncton

+psH Cpus) Th puk Flg


indicot thud
imme
URG Th ORG
indicat that the data
shoutd procsscd
pro immediately.
4 Wat the dfente bheo Conneehon aien
Ond Connefones Scvvily

Conhechon -ovientd Sevices est blish


Conncchon Has too devid bafere ad
da
is xchangsd. This connechan is ued bo
tee and to
guovant Hhat data ts delivered in
chsut (ore
ordo.
wed bvowSing email.

Connec fen e ovienthd Senicy


Connecion bl tawe deviey befo data
Data is simpy Sent
cwchmd
deviu ta th other and th eceiviy devia
th data
mearingalmeag
Vedio audio.
S.
stuing
s Whet de eyouMean by port n
ditfoent used
eaglin
chennel.
i! ohih tn trae shell)devia
speeitieAsigyned talie
Seuia Ple
wstd transuy
nehoort
isa ers HTTP. HTTPs (stuKacces
to bor
nehoat
Compukr.
on mumb porh
Communicoai o thinkund SsH
Fip
Compakr,otoG5s3s.
by of
-knouon
porb:Co-
lor3)
igned for for mot for
ov
idenhfied bypy as
used usd
uud und
CIANA)
Authority
Ono barenehsok
Compakr
three ar by o: y. as
port 22.
Seeus
:
21
a
hused
is
from porbsevvicy povt Poxl fore povt
pob
unning Thcx aye
WalTheseond
+
A Foy
bud
poxt
wll-khen cababas Dyhloy Eptemeval
poh
(v5 are client
(RDP) thee inihaty
1ANA. sal k
My Remo porbby
cions acient
with fov
used
fox privatpe conne
are
pe wed usd teinprang
uqistud yy
ate
chooSin
eshun qSevVn,
-
33o6- 3399
ao
knon d
oulboun
post
3389 3.
Dynamic
shi) Svviy.
Thy port foy Thy to
6)Explain bhe ditferenl sdaton hehniguyi
Oomein Nom DNI)
4 The Dornain Nam Syslem (ONs) is a
hicvokchiad and detenhalird
for Compukrs sevvics, a ony Yuoune tonnacl! roning
to th intenet a pirak nehord.

DNS Slesoluion efe to the proces of


human ecdabe domajn
tronlaing namy
Lie Ccoww exompl com) into ipP addiea
ue to
Cliku 91:*) that computon Can

locat and communicate with tch. otha


main DNs Yuoln

beehniqw
1 Recursive DN youion .

The chent (resohe) con ask Fer a


SI CuYsive answx rom a nene Servey

that the
Soven to suply the Fina ansey.
i th serv the auttviky faz tl.
Tkvatve DN! alshon
Thi bype of esaliin bypicaly used
DNS Sees hen DNs SrveY
query Yapon d oi th but
i1 hay availabl i th DNs Seva doa l
to the query. it sill
Iefr the cliend onothn DNs sovy

) what do mean by Domain and on%


in DNs Sysken ?
Zony ate bypicaly difimud by cnahng q bru

Fie, cohich con bain th DNs


dommain and it subdemainy

ADomain eha
es to.a hictachial roming Srute

und to idenhy Yesourl the ieand


il is a human -Yeadobu hane that tepro
an websit aa nehwok
gan itation, webiit
Domain aliganitcd into a tru
hru set
Streu ith thu of daain
op.
mhe
Der. arn

narre spau
availub h in DNs
giing camyl.
Th Domain None Sygkm (ON) romuspa u
is divided ino ditteet ypu.
Top levd domain. (TLD)
TLOs are th hi_hut -levd domains in H
ONS

ideniy
hievachy- TA, used to

the domain Sueh .Com edu

to
Speifi co untig
astigned
For ekomph.
exampl. , .uk. in .
leul domains C9 Tu0s):
gTLDs
punpos, Such -Com nel

Second avl domin (s0.)


he domain that
dire Hy TUOs.foy
exompu com
TLD. .Com

Subcomain 5:S

Subdomaiy domaiy that


bulous exisha domains.
For exompu. TL Subcomain
domain eompl. con.

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