AGigrmt -02

deail
nplain 'th unnAntutwe \ Cormpbrsns

) kuíl!
il) shue

The main Conaupts th nid achitatwe is the

diuision *q Labor bleb tuo cqneis th keeneb 4
the kne tyart stth aydsa &shall
dyats with uiy.
The the

is doacled ito meYwhen the syst s

brnmieatts di utl wth th hadae
wsyAppc? (pgr) thot need to ac thee M\w

keel thugh
Apayt
the kuns alau pyuns othuy dasks ke

prioities SO the
manaqrg
 is the
] | The

wten wiuy kts commanda thouqb H

6hell thvughly namins comnend kgboayd Dp jo9
6puial chay ates,
Coma
witth kenel t se that h
comnnicctes
Comnun is eated. F Convidy a tcho
coTniand whib has lots bluw thuguments
Stais

cao tai
tust

wcat a
ncna
buyerence to
UNT cosies t n dietuest deikes
s
ina hiyahical
6utwe UND sqtm.

Theiuin Ahitwe has

Ci) kenel, (idshell Cii) Hadiwcne

HaydwOe : Tt the most imp le loast

io the Ahitetu. Haydwa
Layen whatt Hlws
Comporen tht Arany
Conndd to wi -basd nahine,
haydwanu
Appliaton pvuqram5: the last Dayey tte nin
hitte is tho Prtqran
narne 6uggs this Archite
as nenponsib la fur treuting the apicatos
 wt the
2
dijuunis
Any ANsTC
Ct+

wses k t RC dyautt Requys that llantons

b
eeened.
delayoeton in te

ANs G 2 Soo Ctttats

teats this os ithis int foo (void ;
meot that foo nay ngt
t as dlayd io apt

that foo maybe called

wth ay no
awiunet.

ttuali fuction
saye hinkage tchnique
does Catch wse lintoge . Thus puts on
Sers.
 Atigrnat- o5

3
posx 6Aandayd detail.

AM utb
a
Prplucat Pran anteo
Along tuth hel
Compotible with Yarints the Unia

Buawst may si &aist tockouy ta

then poces
dijyicuettr systtm cdeopus to
Can
applicocons thd
De tosily poted to ditunt Nevsons
Abne then CUe:
postx 1
.

posTa.1b
posTx. 1G
i.
PÓstx. 4:
This Usmmitee
starc¢A
This 6tavcad
PrUesss.

Tt is
kown stonclayd 1063. 1- 1990
alao acoptd by TSO
Btetionol stacod tsoTEC q9 46: 1%1440

Thiy
Lomnte std.
toyace

This sheule ktd is

4003. 4 - 149 3 fommall Enoun LEE tnolay d
plaat UNIaBysttposr the ye
orpratÛn
windous, a 05
eid
hot
trday d post mw his
S
irdrtoe
theahd mutti-
&tancaso
This
 Ariaal- o6
1.
posTy

to poym
yste 6peeiic teuncins.

t iystems paide
th
Conn
ouoing fution.
DdUnie systn th
{les monipuation oniqyoton. wsu: Tmurm
.
(ornue
sgnals
Cornmu
the p's

Simdcn Api 's behaiow

- PUST 50 URCE
- PoSTX-(- SoURCe
tnable
headuy les that
pot ApfS daelayatog
ttet inude
th UNY p0s?x
duelpmet
Pos pruuide
this that purtobdiy
yo trusprt
6owce
Bowee
std

std. ibais ecudes

6orre

theacey:
 Amgnmt ot

Ans Thu 5 itt

Mequtay gle mauybe thy

tat tile binayfe
Thstles maybeted wititoto
th oppopcctt
ucted browed thouah
tot teitos
thext Can e emoMed by apeeaie
Comands.

2.

oldey tht ortains: otheyfles,

sub- diyty
Prwdes
fuiyayhia stutwe beud bn pde
tlatinhip t s

tai |rtoditm contains ktm trautble

maybe uatd the mkdiy

Lomand

h n i y ommond

The contet
ffo ile
a tmgu
þufn tur tuo mo posms to
dat

th
bata in th buuy is puemed isa fifO many

R\

Data 6tuel in frfo buyt is tnpora

A
Prfo 4le abe ieatd wia

phyical dei thot

tronmis lta a blocs ot a timy yhi

tasmih olate
phteat duuta tha
chaacty -bad
many:
A
phyrical deuke may hae both blotk
aaty oleue
metho d
Appli? Progon mayp m Rad &
a deniiq ple& H-suil ute bpuye

Am Appli2 Prqrom à tum reuy hoe to hasty olat

Ethy a chayty- band (ia hayaty dei
Hok - band (ia bs )
 Atiqnmt -o

UN N h mtod conard
C5h 5
Heu'
115 - majr demice no 5- mis

5J synbolie int

BSD UNI f Sv4 dines a symbolic it fiu

pocthnam whih auus

POs.1 does rot

A smbolic ins nabe ouatd UNTX uia
Connadl

Pornib to Gutt a symboie ant to

Bynbotic tids anqut diyty t not on the t s thor

Athey
 st , taplain hat
atibude

enins unchongdor th
Atbtts
anig
dumie
2. A puision
othes
3
Had s Count hayd in% a fe
5 .Gp
6 last auan me
th tine dast fle was accrsed
Jost modiy tine .the tme the fle moclitud
Last. change tie the time whes tt ast fde
dhanqud
Ath valu inode
11

`usted.

the ottibutt will stouy

Tho
attibut thod
ma minr
Th othy otibutto
mby
haqd by th
as
 unit nel Atibte change
1. chod chod Lat
choun houto honges uTD, larl change tne
chonges 4p, Last chang tne
touch utine chong lont acan tione, mgdy
5
ncuasS tho hoyd t cont
6

thodes'in
asa odQ tabl

tab inode ror which

the
ottibutts a qilehelveling
the phyioldik addws bhe dota io 4Ue in sted

to s-
 taplain tetyps liks
bw

Ay' thee

Guate wihot
pontns to he 'ctual
mians
dupliceing th otantt + fle thot
to
4 Paiding anwthy na

podth na for

Command

uilbdinko
news
poth
the above
Ary thy luwsy 1for | Book , nw

2. 6ynb ollo 2Lins ? nbolic inhs con e cted

éone mannH
only th diyenene
the n domnand

Cas
- slus} may un doo
CoprF that
Guate
dpücacic) Cpuy a

difret Podh nome

|us4iue abo

T-B
 Amiqmt. 10

UNIK rps's

Ap's

Apr Ust

opus th fles to 0 s s the data

witt wnits the ' a t a to

hcek data ile
toninatts tha ie
6 quws oCla to a
+ chod it changs acn pumysun
houn chaqes
chengus ost bnocuticati J

0 Tt Gates had s afue

41 unlink
12 unask t sets defout pco eotio7
mosk.

this is wsd tu tstabish a connec? b/w

it is Wsed to
lse t mt Ge aloo wsed to CHeat a nw

she metuned vaue o the ope spttm cal is theUe dssuptr,

ushich ontains th inode ton?

t open (lonst chay pacthamt , int acasame mocet

Pumision ):

nn-ngative Zuprsti
 Absowte elate pathname
operd. thkis maybe
modes, whuhb is

*hat
bpecityy how atuaup acced
by toing procom
!

ReAp

unsuemut, Tead tms -1.

the I, yumt i n fdso thet yus an oppnd te
th I gumt bu is the addes a buteyhodig
data ad
ther
ant qentd

3.
the

-The Prutotyy of wYt is

Ss-t u t it fdec, conot void *

no. o byts otuay wiitttn

unsuapul, itt
Th olot

but is the addys t a buttuy thot ctns

to th

aunent.
 Ant - 1

th sak fu? is also wsed to change th qde het to

diyuut value
The pootutyp t seek is
# inwce nistl. h>
of-* seh (int fckesc, off-t pof nt wtena)

-Th II gut pos. puiusa bytt Uttset to adcd to a

hew stle ftt valie
the ttt

5.
she eue system col! is wsed to tumiot te conrtion to a
fe trom a prutes .
th prutotype Ht coe is
# ewde nistd. h
int. Uorlint 4desc;
4 suesspul , l tUs o.

Th yqumt tdese t s to
o thvct the
Can e esed othy fi.

STAT -fSTAT
The stat 2 stot tutin tiws the Ue attibut we

stot i {ile pathn, ushuay the

stot is Hle desciptor
the Prototype these tue oore
# inwde syl stot h

t stot ( eont chay* pthnam, Sbut stot * sttv,

fdesc sbruct stat * stat v) ;
 group the pcitis uqumt
le to D
fi th
the
path the ougumet pattoaname th
dj id-t uid, uid-+
path-om, Jay cont choun( t
fue the poututyps Th
CUe
chmod T
amet the mod t path
flaql, *mode poctham, chy cont chmod ( it
senistd.h nwoe
yps.h sys wde #
thin prututyp
o Th -
status uy wtains
an
Csde tail they -1
sueceed
th uth valu tUm Th
hady stot.h 2Sol
vaiabu Typed stat. stut
deyied utich
is
te
anqurt sond Thh
te ftat
 Anignmt-(2

the utine tte acs tine th modyicsion

is

hwde < utne h

t utine (const chay Poth-ane sbrut tineby thmes);
tus 0, on fodlwe t tums
Th pcdh-nae angunnts spelts th pcth
Th t e agurent apuius the newCrrs túne modite

the shuet tine buy is detd io the 2tie h headey

The
the

nk ( Const chay * cuy-is orst hoy

4 6untul th
tus-1.

anqument new ik nw Potan tu e

ariqcd to th sane
th unin coymmanl ds imp lamted by unig ik pI
11. UNLINk
Th nins tue dalates a sins00
Ths
nae

The

#hwde z nistd. b>

unlink ( Congt choy wr-ins;

poth ame bot onnes

pristiny tile.
12.
UMASK
 Aigomt-13

L0ckngRejey T-81
Raad urk: a pstcur impoes
uqiro a tle it blucks aty procus by avadig wtt
t shared p

2. wt wck: is the whuea p v s mpotes a wtt

pentiaay uqion fle. t bcea uthy
th e

Poce to
that sthuy Cun t

disyss othey tuU wks

wt als0
othuy is adis (

mandtUy dkng fle wks auemneatry it they ae

knytord by

a mandott wet is
to CAcces ota n
t
uck

a de Luek i not madatuny thhes

b]
tht le s adisy wch.
the Kenel
nt tntorcud by
at th sytem cale

ouppnt disy och that's wty

adisy ck considd
 phucal democe th
sd to intoyee
to Gecte
A Process uith supuwsy piags
mst

manny sfi gwoy s.

dawi tk suppt is inplemetatton dpndet
to. Gate

denice qiles
Th prstotype mnod
# cde est stutoh

t mknd dnst chay* poth-nane mode-t mode , t dele t

the tst uqumt pathone the potame G a daie fe

to e beatc.
the

dawice numbey.
ffo fTLE APt'S

fifo f s oe Sornetin aed rad pips

Ppu ton le uwd ony blw lattd pruans uten
ancestur ras buated tho pipe
Guctiry a Pfo i bilay to Ouocirg e

# nwde syn types. h

t mitol cost chay *potrame,'no t rnce ),

theüt, aqunt pathnarine

frfo fie to e Geated
mode
sy, grroup th.
On to ittu-1
 Anignmat - 16

SyMBOLTT Ls FrlE Apr's

Asmboit, ik is an meiet Penty to a

Viad l s uhich poited cjetu to the hoce of iittuy
e olmelopcd to t yond th

aw the i8ytems

The Pututyp s

the
1. tnplain the tououing

a]fo ie cass
af1f0 ile is Ceated,

The fooog pipyiu oss 2neap suats al th ffo fle

# dayin PrpEfTt-H
nwde flebat.b

tos int pot)ifUabase

fnftgs prut)
Put
R retUn mktolta, prut);
 hat deice f
is Geated.

Avolid f ony chayoty based deiceile ej

proqram

cleuyile ndar " l daxltt

a 6ape Gwpvd shrny"

tin calld. ( t poth spiided to dapiat tho

potth to tib thes4nbc k

|* pruram to stratto the

i nain )

cha but [2561:

uhile (nsyn quténe Cby 256))