L Cune (1) -3 ltul21 SAT COA4AA BS MANoJ

NTA

(4). Bead.cast
(2). Point - o - Poimt
ois
Ban a l auppaAttol y SatetT

. o t a Sat n E Can plany s o l -

C. accral NutwHUk
Bsadcar
CU). tannit utwtk Point
Cui). Broad cast netwnk.
AcceAs N n ok- GLueu accu to uau tuminals
Poxtale carn Ctatiu
-5r/4
-WLAN Pc r
- H-WLAN

cetaiUnk oh CpoccX
GLoes tomnectin odeuben
. TanAil NtwHK -

lwttchu.
nitwo 04 t wsk
SATELLITE
Intnaateuia nutwok. NTW

TAanitmink

BAnodcaat N u o r k t- PHYSICAL NT

dangu akLa pLUiAl on

ALg menta n L a t e i t t neloo oUe t

C, pocL- not m eaAth inastudal
. CAINd - m e a h únCaiuCwiL

Satuutu Colan anay; Puepulaicn ytem

TelurmiOy a mde cmmOurd , Hul batA,
Pt On Beord PAeoAAlnq i Ficus, ampliius
 4ot e l i mituwetks

. &E0 : tationauy C ) AYmcinamou

35,786km CmtL)
24 h8un
tadmauy: came aotation ah ia

CrEO uetatinmasM ORL Dmoaty a L g

i). ME0 me eum Eautn Onbt

10002000 km
- 8 hkA

u. LEO Low Eaun Oabft+

100-1000km
60m-2 hs
Au a n piMpoas

C. HEo: i g y ulptdcal Brbi

LED> GED
FAL aum ounde -

UHF 0.3-1-0 GrH

GH
Srand 2.0-y 0

Cerllas conm. apecaulm

militat comm Apcuum

wPt Btuet0ot , èigoe
Pa dnal Con m aceeAL.
hoess atnuatim iccn due o Roun ,Poa

Ganse
Attennuatinn dupend mimquuuny

uaniu, n j o atiapt daizyl.

Atnm attr ds majnnu trar athT

mk auoiy ana
hiuysu puyamanu ot JKE
metek in 1ateU t tommunlcotim
, E L a n y dranaNHHNI o t u d in aa vum

Apoosit vauy o dpink ana dewnlink wi.

6/4Csrand : uptimk
CCH) 3625 2 5.85 6.425 F
dawnlimk
AAA uamnuiu AoL dAwntink au
Sotunia nane Jimitzd auusus
rand h a t hami Aras atenuatim

Oy bands.
atternuatiwiajs wlon teauuniuj
hion Pow
dntunt wking wit Tenralai al Nitwnes
Vai uu wak Jnot tat enitt mitweuk C
RUioL tomnmunita m .

CC. Rupeah opuatim at Ryalcal lays.

C.8iaang at datatink toyes

ctih. wukiong at a uwitck itru atphujticaL
ink, dataink ) nutw-ok doyeur

. . At a ugutn ADm louyu hue ints

)
 Patscot Atack spuatom

Intemnitivg hitesQenneu
Wetwnk.
Metwaik dayu apikatm °r
SatuutE.
C). PAsTo cot Jnanniatinm ) tunnng ar

a ndaLay
Taanspout Lay ) highi
daye aperatim .

t e u l u arli asa bentplpe to i othuuAiL

tumimal. d u u e t de anythirg
ottnes t a n dewaialng Tke
aignals with aqtr fowt
e data uml C

i o a y n data c)

NW
N/w Autem
8loging occuu@DLL
P

S t cnimg (AD 49o anding can u caunied ont

drtnauinrs data arcoueRy C) pocket

DLL() N7 tayes citt)

-9cuu mtwok dayn Rauting9
eking into Ki addie44 and 4Lsuoasdin4

PAsto Can maniatim dota gett au ztk

 way o a qatinoa whiu anuattnn haRpeNL

appiicattm toyu iCralz way ) Thanetat

h a t thangu uam m
puotacoi )
anar
entin cmntctivuitq pmapictine hange
V
aL packt 4enmat coonat
ecictirg connnvm tuminatzu huu
w CMnLtin degime huu
(Packetin Patkt
nd can alns J impiumntid as tunneling
h can octually Rut an
pVe packet n pV6 pake
V4

Ip Ve LPVel|
Tx
Reay Vs
REHunt oyus= intuntnat wseking
PUatim con aLed dn th t a iautrd
t wnkuug an catuuite.
LRMpe AlkL cammunitatin Cteanu t t

Conumsatimal wslu and nidu

allseralle pockt AA 7
ounaunt
duoau Alneuld e om tni deutL ide .

Cntuactine)
Connmand CnaA communicatinu
tenit m Ctntuoutine)
3u dAAs C JANs JnLitinu)

duloy AnAiTUe Jew dilay

 Votu/vtaee muuomn Rupmaint)
deloy t a n a n t

toinant JML t u r a n F
CRuPonuln).
Jers Andito
TAanNacttTN duuay tsunant
Ja1 tsnant
L amlng duay tsuant,
CUms M Taiuant)
Mey4Ogig, damleadin9 diloay teuanb,
Cumuuy2 s a n l ttue

8ackgKsund Nm Cattical: deUay kelnant

tnsi Lntnant Ce Aniiu

Admantagu of
dateliu Net stks -

mau
a j u l t o u Cenuage daugi to

entisu tas Ataa

CeLa

Rapid duplaymint: dupleyig a n t s

net wk a Atakt JOkeA a yloma

ime in qnvsal CRLannlmg, qanling,

ulrg) utasunchina me £atuitr

ensual. Csemiu)
VReliariim ithot athEnq ALAmicu
ne sotuitt aAplAud Jy ansth
gnuatimi ah natutirn a4 s0teli Jeaolard
Ayate.
C7. 1180-mid 2005
CCu). 2005 -
201o

CCLh. 201o 20z0

LEO/MED
V) a020 - Rasnt-|
AL Ca) -17lul21
o t e i a (omm. = BntpipL imk
datunia acta au Aulay C) onedulare at w

phuucal lays.
Om wa i o h ÄA dand m
dentRlpe
NoALgentatim
h KL Satuuitu
mout RLg enuatim
-hasoumal Lauyuu oj lusTR Ol Anuk
Sattit ALqment hau ALqnatm sans4.

atuiu Sateli tt
channl Switch Channeu
Demad DFnc CMed---
w w

PeedA Ceds

O[P-diqital
RLgenatud 2 pscnuol Auttching Functim.
Rugenuattm/ tultning coan dnappen@

COLL) G) CDLL + NL) OA) C DLL+ NL +TP

m t PeRulas

R e H n t latuÍAA Can ane wnel1PiniAanturau

dntusatiiiT Comm.
Netuwuk dayu puensnirg o4 Paker
n s coun alls dnappn w me soteia

d unt satilitu (intuu).

U mlead AAUTT M h u l eoutelitar
uwwee wil hane tntunr fANTO UGL
J n Auttcuirg ) Jautng Riouue,
(whenuin 1P (4) wotuiu nitwk .

-Fuutuuiutdc.
 DLL hau ulnance Lo pmqucallay

Sateuiu nitwek
Dpendimg n u u t , e n d u i n t k i ph

dougu can hane d puunt ntuNacu ,

Sam 5 Jayu Raoto caLAtauk ou 10

ut witn addltimal DLLHOL ratui
uan pot JoyA puujaAmanu A aiateut
ALquint) sateuia nut weuk. h u ua ,

w aigmé{icant l u : -
CT).
Paspaqattm delay LON auur T.
Lag BandwiaT elila4 RABAU
Cu. nigh ult unn Aaa
v. Banduwiatr auymmuy
CV). Coqeaim nlata

onq Paspaqatnm Duouy -

3 maim duloy comprnut: PspogaEm
aonsnmialim , UL h dalous
Cdata transmiuw altig)
Doninant Puspagatim delauy
-

Saxuutu nutwsk!: Lwttcing dutauu,

paueet ps UAiing dulays
Aaoy BandwioK diar PAAduct
bandwtatm deray laAdu i Ki RAAdur
4nd--nd bandn ay ands n
A n d i p time

Capaci 4 Channt.
-No a4 pakuti ALauinnd A% utitizfnq J i n k l a

Copaiq u d s BoPutimaim
BDP s uuy Jarge in eatruia nntwte
LData qiuing das e ny dnia
T P - Congeutim, Reciined atmdSwA

MLUndata nuou o JAanmitted

- RLcain wimdsw 46 t Jbit sieed

wtu ng Jo necpt.
2 64 kB maci um to ucwlne

utilizatim y PBDP
ot neugh To Cenu

- wind nabaicÄmI O TP Rmuntr HrT

piaiing B0P ALAUiAAmnta 4A a S ateiT
Jimk. Undu puuomante
- Scaung aption coun Je maLdExaa J l

po 1GB winder on e
accomOdatrd
wimdsw Scaläng nad h a a i l fOi higtm
BDP Aajuimunt HaL TCP L d at pustacAL.
n latULT nutwtk

nignutiiigatim
wimdswr
CAing danoe dlmitial
muchanitm
T P A a s a cOnd tinm ami

3 RhoA alsw itant, tonoitwnn

ansidanu and condltim onUol.

ALow Atant phaAL i- aAuAng cmdi-

 CROutdslip i e cycl ) comditt
wimdw)
Lgng BoP met aloatant phaa

A0und Up yLs
Alow Ataut= laku hey mq timu o
n a c Bnduittn Lauinsmenu.

CNOR USE FUL J

V m u aLqminE ius Lasge Anitial windew
hlps Aatn n randuian suauiiimunt

andk4 Sanls Éme 3 peL manu.

i n i t ma Raa :

Aatiuia ink! o k at JAr sNR and faeu

tner Aati ot about 40
FH analsq, mutimeaia Ok
Rtetadsante 4e data, aHHie E) Msu
wct hign de

iandeaA Aau heuanputia vad

aionnt icant kesti asject m petetman u

Fenad wns coAL m becomes n y Aulaant
4 Aatuuia smks.
Few asdd ewna CLkm CF EC) deau wn a

poukt a t dhau DATA ana imem Crnttot, Lnye

Rudiunnodant nte?
 Reduundant n 4 Ant a u Jni channu4A
&oteuit o do wnsi tanlist muchanlim ta)V
-

uimg tnse dunined J m DATA, thi Latuuia

wu ole mei Contial.

- Automatit anptat m a u u t u t Jnis mat

t e Ruma ouus FEC 46 sat uitr ink

nutwekdtto aighdatnuj, uigh
EmA Rat.

FECMGuiis additinm. Bandwiat

t t n t (8)-24|u 21

.Banduwtathadymnmely t

UPLINk NW aRLAs
Endut
DOWNLINK
dniu
dntu

- S a t e i i n u t w k r a n e manY aay mmetiies

Banduiarn atneunt b Uplink deuwnlimk

conupondu Jo anymmiluy.
Sateuii Bandata aymnmey il y louL.
Uptink net Lewr
-1o MbpP 250kbps candiwiar

DOumlimk
mee
Tlrphoni e y uign Bo,
Ainu
56 keps
satulT.
S m a u trat{ic A o grsundAtatirn to
aanminim dla uL o aaymmmil
 muu th me
me
AckhAutLdgemunt paukt oku
tme ALac Sateuia.

ype 1 ACR DATA

ACk 0AT1A
A cknoiedqemunt dilau

Ra () nuy when ack patkuris mcetuned (n)

Ak dlay Ddataa kanNmiern dilay

du Jo
aaymmnt
1RTT RT7

UuouaRut auduad J

Fwand nueputi atultd, as it dpends

m h nnink chaactuiutu alas.
Congeutëm n
-

AunUAe dink >

peet pum-
ance in n i temwakd ink
TCP wL ACk o ditenmime data
Janimisim salis
ymonmoniz atirm a zansmiaiim depends
on Atkg.

-TCP has umw.latin Ack Atiatu

LCaunm umd o dasP dilaynol Acks
Ctant ack hau a ALa). NA ntcn are &unz
 Ackpiitt zatim can ehelpsul
Populad Bw 9 p0sipuhmanu

Cmetomand)
Cmtist i
TCP Comquü on
- TPnas conqAtion amliol mes alqaricRm which
y dmpatant.
Intun Ruis
- Conguutim mltuirnu ot
open
Patkttou aundu
4Mbps NTW
Doud
auuu Congeutmun

- Cmgeaiminhuuo
e CCoud.
JAAAof mecnanitms u n os ngeLnu,
NOT
Smplklt CoR) ExpLi cit.
Pauket JAAA Conquutim mio

n n n a n cpen netwok, whel uillumi o

uauA ciLt, we n y i t aAntng cngubnm

Cmal.
Sateuta i n k eceALaim ainitar t o
aL nat

epen utwAki, thuut nu comqutim poALiiua

AALh.
datuAt

GEO Aimk Jo Tusund.atata alwaus

eann Aqjuini muum Alaas.

e p t d t 4 i mLnau/A paikitulan

BW qcnun us Au m cnngis&m ,as i

wnauie
Me packut AMA diut i mAutim.
 u t muul d l be mot ot patket loau; mu
cmAl.
inusku uunnt tlu4 ass Lon uttM
mitinteputl Pa tkut Lus
RAut in post dmipuahpu
-

ow to amoid Mis2
CanwmpusntTP
tMpita TPenhanumunt 4% impPeuing
puomant nvu satuiu
(. nuaulug tnitiat Crngatimwivder
Hm 1 MSS 4 mss= 4 tmu

oughput innpusvemint an e
aoweed.

&iutk BW imaLaa
o. Fxputit Corqetinn Netipicatim (FCN
wis a capaiiiq drittino

SotuiiD highy apwiaued

Pnnine ASutUs
.tasiuu capaliiu can e suilt knis

erpiit y Ántenaod alt tanguttm.

i). scttne Alks
V Sndu capabe aL ceuing 4Uom
mutipu AmsU in aírge RT1, dy
ucinuy inaicating Jest Auqmuni
 d. Ectimating MTU Pan

patn o Commnicaipn
minimwm
Palh undusteed mTU- naaEinmt
wnaan ot packut Ihat Conbe accprd

wtmoutnaning haqmentatim.
anetdl uagmuntatinn poasisluties.
a l l s w ALndiu lo R t e Aangput auowas

r s tongtatim winmdsw.

aniimuna.

Aucin C4): 1112|21

Imporont layL A atuite pUHmance

TAanspeRt 3 data u n k LaqUu.

multipurirg V/s Mte Muutiple Accy-
S Mulkiptuud
S2 MUX
uine
Sq DENUX
eLal iuAKA COn
ulttRle aLerAs
aNCeAs UusAdu CEKoÜnatd y a D4
m a suts. D2 P

anoom acceas MAC

ALO
ALOHA
NATDMA,CDMA
MurRuaccist c h ioLsFp
rran
u n i u d int u h n e tmiutim in o l h EDmA

TDMA , as thanns ane comtinueully ding

ALd tpmALanw nhanted witiu a n u

doppin
COmA, intuganu uiecttd ayKm as a c9ou

COn Appns dUnv dmtHULne

As channils a r aluoaM actine, imtwmedlati

Ala qufn aunltinein FbmA

ToMA, A anitintTO ln-medulatin
e a , as Meadrands inimi au addid witn
ma-me dunattm aLA
ComA Juakt aLnaltae o inti-me duutattim
ekhul, au it ii a yutm a t wee win
Alo

PoppuAhitE * happens due to wied o

nanimir e Amuknes 3 0atui whth can

meil at uuy hi gn apud incaAL ot LEO 8 ME0.

DopRlt FALa ny AEHt Can ahe IT

randuÅ AUA C FPMA) 3 tim dunatm

ALCine.

Copaiy e t tOny Jo e wtmaltd d w me

neta mmit addrd. dy dipuunt nantmitun

JeAAimwitn dihnnt Cedu.
We ca ray an one pauticulau tranimislim

) . 1DmA -

Lach o n d atatim uAA atinm alat o4 Bw fos

uanu miAl pn oh infomatim.

m e a t o l i can e m a d tö taantmit aYnchiwnizd

h d tontisi and unrdmAO.

RLhune uAt Aimi. dYmihaniz

8aAeod m Reh.uunrsimi ascus to allscatti

utii2atirn e t udrA Jo aand mit

Pouw
alusans.
n s J o a n mit Jasugh a annpondus.

# Adr
- L a i m a l i n Tiana ponds at me t m e .

p o e tauing when compamd FpmA

whee cntimnL JAans miasim w t

amepewA a A a t o i n AramenciR

ceuns.

#Dtadu
High i t sati Petakim fpom uey ea
atottm.
Fuulaatl Manmisim onen tne allscalnd

ae-t oocuu Aequinu iotn thantmítting

pauth hign B .
Notaustavte K ManswJona aigmal
 uninari ty ot naunepmb ina

4mbe intutunncia.

|ATatim Praanu |nts

|GraLasd Canter 3 Cntk uur &taut
tim
rceneyptn|ndundftatimuuiu

1 2 ttww
To

ime
to
PÄpagafim dula4
7tu ALaind nanimit at (T- T) aA rat
RARPu TomA Ateam is Junumi dTd
U nonponds anol Lans 4atuu

7Adiat Taanumiims dupendimg n hi

pAApoqatm dia aj a l KaUnd Atatim
spwiveuy
Ainllaaiy 4% satuia Jo und otoctim

T- 4reNCt+tpre)/N Lmds
N-ea Atatinms
Ta time a ilase n earetatiM
ut tTans miuim eh data

t uond time
 pre PALanme.irnu dungTn.

Cd LTram N(tttpr)Jx B /T4rama

Ca atal na. oh ita
antmtted
eacn aaund atatim in 18
R Tuans miSAA Jt hatt o4
tomA UA

nLTiroan N4+ tr)) x R

FrameXY
n-nA O puh channls nat Con J
COniid y eah t a r t Atatarn
"PRalu oh ollqtalapuuh channtuing
aial a n tmtadm

C). FDMA

Auinemn.
Ainmpll
ContinRUs P i Anajiumunt.

(UA). RLad Apelum Taantmialim and Reuptim:

baar Band enceod hiotnu dpuim

Daba data

PN RLaunu tede n i a e and ds

ALauind a stain teytmal aiamal

CV. Duwnand A cuas mulipL ACuu CDAmA)

a u e w s dMmamic aue Catim.

Ranoom AcUAL
CommonLignal hannl =Raueut Capatt