Pact of Artificial Intelligence On The Environment in India

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THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN

INDIA
Submitted by:
Dipendra Singh Tomar - 200401417028
Rishabh Arya - 200401417029
Batch 2020-25
Course Teacher:
Dr. Gyanashree Dutta
Alliance School of Law Alliance University, Bangalore

Date of Submission: 06 October, 2023

ABSTRACT
Artificial Intelligence (commonly known as “A.I.”) is booming at the present time. Evidently
the present generation and surely the future generations will be surrounded by the Artificial
Intelligence tools. Nowadays, there is a saying, that A.I. is the future and will replace human
work. One of the most effective and widely known A.I. tools that we all must have used is
ChatGPT. Artificial Intelligence is good to some extent and helps humans in small day-to-day
work and makes professional tasks easy, but the question arises at what cost? Artificial
Intelligence is fuelling the present innovation and technologies and will surely benefit the future
but it also has a drastic effect on the environment. Artificial intelligence leaves a large amount
of carbon footprint, drastically affecting the environment at the global level. The present paper
delves into the problems including carbon emission, effects on the ecosystem, electronic waste,
etc. that are associated with the increasing and rapid use of Artificial Intelligence in the
environment. The paper deals with the possible impact on the environment in future due to the
rapid use of Artificial Intelligence. Further, after reading the various papers, articles, authors
and scholars' viewpoints, the paper suggested and recommended measures that can be adopted
to continue the use of Artificial Intelligence without drastically harming the environment. The
paper furthermore suggested ways for a sustainable future where the environment and Artificial
intelligence can go hand-in-hand.
Key Words: Artificial, Environment, Intelligence, Carbon-footprint, Sustainable, Impact.

TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Abstract
2. Literature Review
3. Research Problem
4. Research Questions
5. Research Objectives
6. Hypothesis
7. Scope and Limitation
8. Methodology
9. Tentative Chapterization

LITERATURE REVIEW
 Creaive, Artificial intelligence for environmental monitoring and conservation

effort, Medium, August (2023)
The author through his research tried to explore various ways in which artificial
intelligence is being utilized in environmental monitoring and conservation efforts. It
emphasizes the points and data techniques that cover AI-driven techniques such as
remote sensing, data analysis, and predictive modeling for tracking and protecting
natural ecosystems. The author further goes on to describe the abovementioned points
separately and highlights the importance of Artificial intelligence in the following areas
of environmental law and environment.1
 Rashmi Mathur, Roma Katyal, Artificial Intelligence in Sustainable Agriculture,

Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, (IJRASET),
June (2023)
The author examines the use and applications of AI in sustainable agriculture practices.
The techniques of AI have been precisely discussed in the practices of sustainable
agriculture such as AI-powered precision farming, crop monitoring, and pest control
methods. The author in furtherance to the abovementioned points discusses the
environmental implications of artificial intelligence adoption in agriculture, including
and emphasizing the factors like resource efficiency and reduced chemical usage. The
author, also, finds that AI helps in reducing the time and work for the farmers in growing
crops in various ways. However, the author finds some challenges with respect to the
use of AI in these agricultural practices and how it affects the quality of crops. 2
 Alejandro Garofali, The Environmental and Ethical Challenges of Artificial

Intelligence, Observer Research Foundation, July (2023)
1
Creaive (2023) AI for Environmental Monitoring and conservation efforts., Medium. Available at:
https://medium.com/@creaive/ai-for-environmental-monitoring-and-conservation-efforts-a7b406f44383
(Accessed: 06 October 2023).
2
IJRASET Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, Artificial Intelligence in
Sustainable Agriculture. Available at: https://www.ijraset.com/research-paper/artificial-intelligence-in-
sustainable-agriculture (Accessed: 06 October 2023).

The author discusses and highlights the ethical and regulatory challenges which are
associated with the use of AI in environmental conservation. The paper uses the data
and examines the concerns related to data privacy, algorithmic bias, and transparency
in AI-driven environmental initiatives. The paper emphasizes the importance of AI and
the use of AI considering the benefits as well as demerits of the same in the future
generations for the environmental purpose and sustainable development. The paper also
finds some challenges and problems associated with the countries depend on the AI for
some factors related to environment and highlights two major challenges and discusses
about the risk which are caused by the same .3
 Parth Khajgiwale , How Machine learning is changing the game for climate change
and Environment protection, Times of India, May (2023)
The author focuses on the major issues in the environment that is climate change and
environment protection highlights the importance of the role which the modern
technology AI can play in reducing the issues. The paper revolves around saying that
role of ML (machine learning) can be used in addressing the issue of climate change.
The paper further signifies the applications of AI-driven algorithms and how they can
be used in climate modeling, carbon sequestration strategies, and renewable energy
optimization. The author also discusses the main issue of greenhouse gas emissions and
how AI adoption in reducing emissions can be used for the protection of the
environment.4
 GPAI 2022, Biodiversity and Artificial Intelligence, opportunities and

Recommendations Report, November 2022
3
Alejandro Garofali Acosta and Mario Torres Jarrín and Shaun Riordan and Alejandro Garofali Acosta and Mario
Torres Jarrín and Shaun Riordan, The environmental and ethical challenges of Artificial Intelligence, ORF.
Available at: https://www.orfonline.org/research/the-environmental-and-ethical-challenges-of-artificial-
intelligence/ (Accessed: 06 October 2023).
4
How machine learning is changing the game for Climate Change and Environmental Protection (2023) Times
of India Blog. Available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/readersblog/thoughtsofnerd/how-machine-
learning-is-changing-the-game-for-climate-change-and-environmental-protection-53483/ (Accessed: 06
October 2023).

The author examining the overall scenario of artificial intelligence in the area of
environmental law and biodiversity goes on to describe the how the use of AI has taken
place to understand biodiversity and biodiversity trends. The paper also analyses the
responsibility of AI for biodiversity and analyses three types of risk impact considering
the use of AI. The paper also examines the importance of AI in policymaking and the
legal implications of using artificial intelligence in biodiversity conservation efforts.
The author also takes various factors like species monitoring, habitat preservation, and
the enforcement of wildlife protection laws and related it to the use of AI and how AI
can be taken into consideration while dealing with the aforesaid factors.5
 Lin Chen, Artificial intelligence-based solutions for climate change: a review,

Springer Link, June (2023)
The author delves into the field of climate change and climate change laws and
discusses the role of AI in climate change and issues related to it. The paper examines
how the AI can be utilized in aspects relating to climate change such as climate
modeling, carbon market monitoring, and the implementation of climate adoption and
mitigation policies. The author finds the data of issues related to artificial intelligence
and emphasizes the points on how these can be reduced and solved by Artificial
intelligence. The author also concludes with some points related to how AI can be used
in order to promote sustainability. Weather forecasting has been also discussed as an
issue and how it can be solved by using AI has been discussed in this paper.6
 Robert Denney, Opportunities for Artificial Intelligence in Environmental

Compliance, Jstor, Vol.52, No.1 (2022)
The author describes the importance and role of artificial intelligence and machine
learning in the environmental compliance process. The paper also discusses the
Environmental Protection Agency of the United States and how the Agency can
effectively work with the use of Artificial Intelligence and AI. However, the paper also
5
A responsible AI strategy for the environment, GPAI. Available at: https://gpai.ai/projects/responsible-
ai/environment/ (Accessed: 06 October 2023).
6
Chen, L. et al. (2023) Artificial Intelligence-based solutions for climate change: A Review - Environmental
Chemistry Letters, SpringerLink. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10311-023-
01617-y (Accessed: 06 October 2023).

describes about the challenges and defaults which could be faced by humans using AI
in solving the problems related to environment. 7
 Pavitra Dhamija, Surajit Bag Role of Artificial Intelligence in Operations

Environment: A Review and Bibliometric Analysis, The TQM Journal, March
(2020)
The author focuses on exploring the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the
operations environment The introduction of the article emphasizes the growing interest
in and application of AI technology across a range of sectors, including operations
management. The authors carried out a thorough evaluation of the literature, collecting
pertinent papers from major academic databases and using bibliometric analysis to
examine the information gathered.The literature study focuses on a variety of AI-related
topics in the context of operations, including how it affects forecasting, supply chain
management, forecasting, and quality control. The writers provide a thorough overview
of the present research environment in this topic by identifying and classifying the
papers based on their research methodology, research themes, and research findings.
RESEARCH PROBLEM
Artificial Intelligence proved itself as a useful tool in human day-to-day life. Artificial
Intelligence has made human personal and professional work easy. Artificial intelligence has
not only helped humans but at a substantial level helped companies, firms, and organizations
to expand and grow. Currently, there is no law that specifically deal with AI, however, there are
some laws to deal with AI indirectly, such as Information Technology Act, 2000, Personal Data
Protection Bill, 2019, Indian Copyright Act, 1957. However, there are no such law to deal with
issue of AI and Enviornmental in India. In light of that, the paper “examining the positive and
negative impacts of Artificial Intelligence technologies on the environment and what are the
7
Opportunities for artificial intelligence in environmental, JSTOR. Available
at:https://www.jstor.org/stable/48657963 (Accessed: 06 October 2023).

possible strategies that can be adopted to harness Artificial Intelligence for the Environment
Sustainability”.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
1. To compare the environmental impact of Artificial Intelligence technology-based

solutions with traditional methods in several areas such as agriculture, energy, waste
management, transportation etc.
2. To assess and examine the possible environmental consequences of Artificial
intelligence technologies development, deployment and usage in light of facts such as
e-waste, energy consumption and resource usage.
3. To suggest and recommend the guidelines, and strategies for reducing the Artificial
Intelligence technologies' harmful impact on the environment and ways for the
sustainable environment.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What are the substantial problems associated with the development, deployment and
usage of Artificial Intelligence in the environment?
2. What are the potential ways in which Artificial intelligence technologies can be used to
address the environmental challenges?
3. What are the regulatory framework related to the development and deployment of
Artificial intelligence application in light of sustainable environment management?
HYPOTHESIS
Artificial Intelligence has a very drastic and negative impact on the environment.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
The scope of the present research paper includes but is not limited to, analysing Artificial
intelligence, and its environmental consequences including factors such as electronic waste
generation, energy consumption, resource utilization etc., and a comparative analysis of

artificial intelligence technologies and traditional methods in light of environmental footprint,

the present regulatory framework and further suggesting the possible ways that can be adoption
for sustainable environment. However, the paper's limitation includes the evolving new
technologies, data unavailability, context dependency and the subjective views of various
authors and scholars.
METHODOLOGY
In this project, the researcher has applied the purely doctrinal method. For the research purpose
of the topic, the researcher has collected data from various primary and secondary sources,
including various articles, journals, periodicals, etc.
TENTATIVE CHAPTERIZATION
Chapter: 1 – Introduction
 What is Artificial Intelligence

a. How is AI Developed and Deployed
 Laws related to A.I. India
Chapter: 2: AI and Environment
 Direct Impact of A.I. on Environment

i. Production/Manufacturing
ii. Transportation
iii. Operation
iv. End-of-life
 Indirect Impact of A.I. on Environment
 A.I. Carbon Footprint
Chapter: 3 – Comparative Assessment
1. Comparative Assessment of A.I. Solution V. Traditional Methods

a. Key Domain: Agriculture, Transportation
2. Case Studies illustrating the difference

Chapter – 4: Regulatory Framework
3. Proposed strategies to reduce A.I.’s environmental footprint

4. Studies of organisations implementing sustainable AI.
Chapter – 5: Conclusion
5. Key Findings
6. Suggestions and Recommendations
7. References

Chapter 1
Introduction
Artificial Intelligence i.e., A.I., basically refers to the well-codified programs that are made to
help humans, work like humans and learn like humans. With the rapid pace of growing
technology, it might possible as per some theories that, A.I. might replace humans in a few
generations. A.I. is growing rapidly and same time with help the of humans, creating problems
for humans. As per some critics of A.I. and growing technology, one of the most trending critics
is that A.I. will replace humans and humans will lose jobs, works and then the real problem or
the war between A.I. and humans will start. However, apart from this, there is another biggest
problem created by A.I. i.e, the Impact on the Environment. A.I. is damaging the global
environment and it requires strict and immediate actions to stop the impact of A.I. on the
environment. A.I. indeed is growing the fuelling the technological development of developing
countries like India. However, it cannot be at the cost of the environment. The environment is
not something with is available just for the present generation, the concept of sustainable
environment is deeply rooted in India and same has been considered by the Supreme Court of
India in different cases like Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra, Dehradun V. State of U.P.
(Doon Valley Case)8, Vellore Citizen Welfare Forum V. Union of India9 etc. Thus, the concept
of sustainable development is very clear in India and thus at the perks of technology i.e., A.I.
the present and future environment cannot be put at risk and the impact of A.I. should and needs
to be mitigated, considering the welfare of global environment. This paper deals with the issue
of the impact of A.I. on the environment in India. The paper deep dives into the framed
researched questions, research objective, and problem. The paper has also considered the
present laws related to the environment and the legal vacuum on the issue of A.I. and the
environment, as no specific law to deal with A.I. and the environment. Now, let’s start dealing
with every possible aspect of the topic.
What is Artificial Intelligence
There is no single or specific word-to-word definition of the A.I. As there is no law to deal with
A.I. and no legal definition by the Supreme Court of India or by Parliament. Thus, in simple
8
AIR 1985 SC 652.
9
AIR 1996 SC 2715.

and plain terms, the replication of human intelligence functions by machines, particularly
computer systems, is known as artificial intelligence. Expert systems, natural language
processing, speech recognition, and machine vision are some examples of specific AI
applications.
How AI Works
In general parlance, we classify the A.I. as a technology and a rapidly growing technology. The
working of A.I. is little different. We can say the exact working model of any A.I., because it is
secret and used as a secret trade strategy so, no other individual can make similar thing and can
have their profit market. AI is just a part of the technology, like machine learning. For the
creation and training of machine learning algorithms, AI requires a foundation of specialised
hardware and software. Python, R, Java, C++, and Julia all offer characteristics that are well-
liked by AI engineers, yet no one programming language is exclusively associated with AI.
A vast volume of labelled training data is typically ingested by AI systems, which then examine
the data for correlations and patterns before employing these patterns to forecast future states.
By studying millions of instances, an image recognition tool can learn to recognise and describe
objects in photographs, just as a chatbot that is given examples of text can learn to produce
lifelike dialogues with people. Generative AI approaches are able to produce realistic text,
graphics, music, and other media.
The cognitive qualities that are prioritised in AI programming include the following:
1. Learning: This area of AI programming is concerned with gathering data and

formulating the rules necessary to transform it into useful knowledge. The guidelines,
also known as algorithms, give computer equipment detailed instructions on how to
carry out a certain activity.
2. Reasoning: This area of AI programming is concerned with selecting the best algorithm
to achieve a particular result.
3. Self-correction: This feature of AI programming is to continuously improve algorithms
and make sure they deliver the most precise results.
4. Creativity: This branch of AI creates new pictures, texts, songs, and ideas using neural
networks, rules-based systems, statistical approaches, and other AI tools.
Importance of A.I.

The potential for AI to alter how we (humans) live, work, and play and that makes it significant.
Automation of human jobs including customer service, lead creation, fraud detection, and
quality control has been successfully applied in business. AI is capable of performing several
things considerably more effectively than humans. AI technologies frequently do work fast and
with very few mistakes, especially when it comes to repeated, detail-oriented activities like
analysing a huge number of legal papers to verify key fields are filled in correctly. AI may
provide businesses with operational insights they may not have known about due to the
enormous data sets it can analyse. There are various advantages of A.I. like reduced time for
data-heavy work, virtual assistance at any place, etc and same time some disadvantages like,
not providing the accurate information, lack of availability of data etc.
Laws in India: A.I.
There is no specific law in India to deal with A.I. At present, no law provision uses the word
A.I. and no direct legislative framework to deal with A.I. The reason for the legal vacuum is
understandable as A.I. is rapidly growing and no one can considerably determine its scope, and
what A.I. is going to do in the next few years. Thus, parliament see no point in introducing a
law related to A.I. due to its rapid change and growth. However, the A.I. in India is regulated
by other technological laws and by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
(MeiTY). Following are the provisions that cover the A.I. indirectly:
Section 43A and 72A: Section 42A and Section 72A of the Information Technology Act, 2000
state that, if any individual commits any punishable offence using A.I., then such individual
shall be liable under the Information Technology Act, Criminal Laws and Cyber Laws.
The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules
2021, makes it mandatory for every social digital media platform to exercise high due diligence
related to the contents to be shown and available on platforms.
The Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019, is based on a legislation draft on data protection and
was suggested by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeiTY) in 2019 by
a Joint Parliamentary committee. This bill was introduced to safeguard individual rights while
data is individually gathered, transported, and processed, it is also known as the "Privacy Bill."
The lower house was still considering the bill. The Personal Data Protection Bill was retracted
by the Central Government on, August 3, 2022. In a similar vein, the government withdrew the

Personal Data Protection Bill 2021 in August 2022. Again, the Digital Personal Data Protection
Bill 2022, which was introduced by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
on November, 2022, replaces the 2011 rules (IT rules, 2011 regarding reasonable security
practises for the management of sensitive personal data or information) and existing laws.
Additionally, it serves the aim of processing a person's personal data.
CHAPTER: 2 – A.I. AND ENVIRONMENT
Direct Impact of A.I. on Enviornment
In this, we will analyse the direct impact of A.I. on the environment. For the purpose of
understanding, we have help of OECD paper on the topic of “measuring the environmental
impacts of artificial intelligence comput and applications10”. We have analysed the direct
impact in 4 stages:
1. Production/Manufacturing:
In order to create computing hardware, such as computer chips, semiconductors, graphics
processing units (GPUs), and central processing units (CPUs), it is necessary to physically
collect and use natural resources. The process of creating AI compute hardware and
infrastructure involves a number of processes, including mining, smelting, and refining as
well as the manufacture of individual components (such as semiconductors) and assembly.
The deterioration of biodiversity, soil contamination, groundwater pollution, water
consumption, radioactive waste, and air pollution are only a few of the environmental
effects throughout this value chain. However, there aren't many frameworks and indicators
that distinguish between computing resources used exclusively for AI and those utilised
for other academic, commercial, or scientific purposes.
20 megatons of carbondioxide-equivalent (CO2e) is one estimate of the worldwide carbon
footprint from the creation of data centres, which accounts for 15% of all data centre GHG
emissions in 201511. According to a 2022 projection by the business Meta12 the
manufacturing of the data centres will contribute around 30% of the company's overall
10
https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/7babf571-
en.pdf?expires=1697311811&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=3956F1EA400F917BA8FE715D4E549244
11
Malmodin, J. and D. Lundén (2018), “The Energy and Carbon Footprint of the Global ICT and E&M Sectors
2010-2015”, Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) for Sustainability, Vol. 9/10,
https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093027.
12
Wu, C. et al. (2022), “Sustainable AI: Environmental Implications, Challenges and Opportunities”,
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.00364.pdf.

emissions. On the other hand13, when data centres switch to carbon-free energy sources,
their long-term operation will account for less emissions, and according to some estimates,
the percentage resulting from data centre output might eventually climb to over 80%.
2. Transportation:
Similar to manufacturing, it is challenging to separate the environmental effects of shipping

AI compute gear from those of shipping other ICT hardware and even from shipping non-
ICT commodities in general. Transport-related activities can have a harmful influence on
the environment in a number of ways, including noise, air, and oil pollution14. Fossil fuels
are necessary for global distribution, freight handling, and storage. According to the
International Energy Agency (IEA)15, road freight vehicles account for about 2.4 gigatonnes
of CO2e annually (or about 6% of all energy-related emissions), while shipping and
aviation each produce about 1 gigatonne annually (or about 2.5% of all energy-related
emissions).
3. Operation
When an AI system is created, for example through training, and used, for instance by using
AI models to make predictions, recommendations, or decisions (also known as inference),
these environmental effects can include energy consumption, GHG emissions, and water
consumption. Let's go into further detail about these three environmental effects.
i. Energy Consumption: Energy usage for global data centres and ICT in general is
widely documented compared to the manufacturing and transit phases of the
lifecycle of AI compute resources. Although there are a variety of estimations
(Banet et al., 2021[38]), institutions and researchers often reach the same
conclusions. According to the IEA, the demand for power in data centres worldwide
was 194 Terawatt Hours (TWh), or 1% of the total demand for electricity in 2014.
That projection only increased to 200-250 TWh and 1% of the world's power
demand by 2020, thanks to significant efficiency advances.
ii. Greenhouse Gas Emission: The energy consumption of AI computation, which
frequently comes from non-renewable energy sources, is directly related to its
13
Gupta et al. (2020), “Chasing Carbon: The Elusive Environmental Footprint of Computing”,
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.02839.pdf.
14
Crawford, K. (2021), Atlas of AI, https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300209570/atlas-ai.
15
IEA (2021), Transport. Improving the sustainability of passenger and freight transport,
https://www.iea.org/topics/transport.

operating carbon footprint. According to some estimates, the worldwide ICT

industry (which includes hardware like televisions) contributes as much as 2.1-3.9%
of the world's greenhouse gas emissions16. A more accurate estimate places the ICT
industry's CO2 emissions in 2020 at 700 metric tonnes, or 1.4% of world emissions,
excluding televisions.
iii. Water Consumption: Although energy conservation and zero-carbon operations
often come up in conversations about sustainable computation, freshwater
consumption had a significant and occasionally disregarded environmental effect
(Heslin, 2016[89]). Water is used by AI compute gear and infrastructure in two main
ways: directly for cooling and indirectly for the production of power. Large volumes
of water may also be used throughout the AI compute generation process, such as
during semiconductor manufacture. Water use is poorly known when compared to
operational energy use and GHG emissions. Only about 33-50% of data centre
operators gather and report water-use metrics, such as water withdrawal minus
water consumption or water returned to the local water system after use17.
4. End-of-Life:
With the recycling or disposal of electronic garbage (e-waste), the resources lifetime of
AI computing comes to an end. Air pollution, radioactive waste, groundwater
contamination, and other issues are caused by the gathering, transportation, recovery,
and disposal of AI compute gear. The majority of the world's e-waste is disposed of in
developing nations, which exacerbates their environmental and socioeconomic
problems. The OECD monitors national recycling rates as well as e-waste, which is
defined as any electrical and electronic equipment that has been disposed of by its
owner.
The majority of indications and measures of end-of-life consequences relate to total ICT
hardware and equipment in the same way that they did throughout the manufacturing
and transport phases of the lifetime of AI compute resources. According to the
Sustainable Infrastructure Alliance, around 12 million tonnes, or 25%, of the world's
electronic waste is made up of ICT infrastructure. Used AI compute hardware is
16
Freitag, C. et al. (2021), The real climate and transformative impact of ICT: A critique of estimates, trends, and
regulations, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2021.100340.
17
Microsoft (2021), 2020 Environmental Sustainability Report,
https://query.prod.cms.rt.microsoft.com/cms/api/am/binary/RWyG1q.

increasingly being sold, reused, and included into closed-loop supply chains that reuse
or recycle resources.
As we have discussed the direct impact of A.I. applications on the environment. Apart from
the above-mentioned impact, there are certain other impact also.
Indirect Impact of A.I. on Environment
A.I. may cause negative harmful effect on the environment. For instance, advanced AI
applications can be used upstream to locate and extract minerals or fossil fuels, midstream
to transport and store materials, and downstream to refine products, which can exacerbate
the detrimental environmental effects of the mining, extractive, and manufacturing sectors.
While uses of AI might boost productivity in ways that assist sustainability initiatives, they
can also act to raise net GHG emissions rather than reduce them. For instance, e-commerce
AI recommender systems may lead to unsustainable increases in consumption.
Additionally, it has been claimed that businesses utilise the cloud to "hide greenhouse gas
emissions in the cloud" by moving IT-related emissions from required reporting categories
(like on-premise) to voluntary reporting categories (like outsourced cloud services)18.
Applications of AI may have a complicated, systemic impact on how people behave and
the environment. For instance, researchers have shown that "rebound effects" that wipe out
beneficial sustainability consequences might counterbalance efficiency increases. The
"Jevons Paradox" and other rebound effects happen when increases in efficiency brought
on by technological advancement are countered by increases in resource use.
A.I.’s Carbon Foorprint
The energy required to train and run AI models increases dramatically as datasets and models
get more sophisticated. This rise in energy use has an immediate impact on greenhouse gas
emissions, accelerating climate change. The amount of computer power needed to train
advanced AI models has quadrupled every 3.4 months since 2012, according to OpenAI
researchers. By 2040, it is anticipated that the Information and Communications Technology
(ICT) industry as a whole would account for 14% of all emissions, with data centres and
communication networks accounting for the majority of these emissions. These findings
18
Mytton, D. (2021), “Data centre water consumption”, npj Clean Water, Vol. 4/1, p. 11,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-021-00101-w.

highlight the critical need of addressing AI's carbon footprint and contribution to environmental
degradation. The University of Massachusetts ran a study recently to find out how much energy
is consumed to train some common big AI models. The findings show that training may
generate about 5 times as much carbon dioxide throughout its lifespan as the typical automobile,
or the equivalent of around 300 roundtrip trips between New York and San Francisco.
Comparative Assessment of A.I. Solution V. Traditional Methods
There shall be not an issue in saying that due to rapid advancement in artificial intelligence a
new culture of problem solving has been developed across the world. People taking the help of
AI based solutions solving the complex tasks, changing and challenging the traditional methods
and also offering some innovative solutions. The comparative assessment of AI solutions vs
traditional methods in solving environmental issues will signify the weakness and strength of
the two different approaches and will also provide the best method for the same.
a) Pollution control
 Monitoring of Air quality : As we know that due to air pollution the quality of
air has got detrimental and therefore various methods has been used for
controlling and monitoring the same. However the difference between
traditional methods and AI solutions can be highlighted as follows:
Traditional Approaches: Static sensors, which have a restricted range and area
of coverage, were used in the past to monitor air quality.
AI Solutions: Real-time, high-resolution data on air quality can be obtained via
satellite data analysis and mobile sensors that are AI-driven. Algorithms that use
machine learning can forecast air pollution incidents and aid in its reduction.
 Waste management : The need for clean and green environment is felt by
everyone and one of the most important aspects for the same and also for
achieving the goal of sustainable development is the process of waste
management and the solutions for it.
Traditional approach : Using hand sorting and disposal, which is inefficient and
can result in contamination, was a common practice in traditional trash
management.
AI Solutions: Robotic sorting systems that are AI-powered can efficiently
separate recyclables from garbage, increasing recycling rates and decreasing

landfill usage. Waste collection routes can be optimized by machine learning,

which lowers fuel usage.
b) Sustainable Agriculture
 Management of various crops : As we know that, there have seen many human
mistakes ands errors in the management of the crop and also because of that it
results into various envrimental degradation. Sometimes harmful fertilizers
harms the soil in a manner that it affects the people living nearby.
Traditional Approaches: Manual observation and experience, which can be
labour- and error-intensive, were primarily relied upon in traditional crop
management.
AI Solutions: AI systems are capable of analysing a variety of data sources,
including satellite imagery and weather information, to improve crop
management. Disease diagnosis and yield prediction are both made easier by
machine learning.
 Agricultural precision : Due to lack of precision in agriculture it leads to wastage
of high area of agricultural land as well as natural resources.
Traditional Approach: Using uniform treatment of fields regardless of their real
demands is a common practice in traditional farming methods, which results in
wasteful resource use.
AI Solutions: AI-driven precision agriculture combines sensors and data
analysis to customize farming methods to specific plants or fields, decreasing
resource waste and boosting agricultural yields.
c) Transportation
 Management of Traffic- Managing traffic has become a big issue in general and
also leads to some environmental issues as because of the heat waves and fule
emissions results in global warming. Also air pollution has been seen due to this
and various issues.
Traditional Approaches: Conventional traffic management techniques use rule-
based algorithms and static traffic lights, which are unable to dynamically adjust
to shifting traffic conditions.
Solutions for AI Real-time data from cameras and sensors is used by AI-
powered traffic control systems to optimize traffic flow. Traffic jams and

emissions are decreased through machine learning algorithms' predictions of

congestion and suggestions for dynamic signal modifications.
 Conventional Vehicles : The vehicles which are conventional or are too old has
also been a major concern for environment.
Traditional Methods: Human-driven vehicles are used in traditional
transportation, which can be ineffective and accident-prone.
AI Solutions: By optimizing routes and lowering the likelihood of human error,
AI-driven autonomous vehicles can increase transportation efficiency. Through
the use of the most effective driving techniques, they also have the possibility
of lowering fuel usage and pollutants.
d) Climate Change
 Traditional Methods: Initially, climate models were built manually using
physical equations and archival data. Although intelligent, these models can't
accurately forecast intricate climate patterns and trends.
AI Approaches: AI-driven climate models can analyse huge datasets and spot
complex climatic trends, assisting in more precise climate predictions.
Algorithms for machine learning aid in the modeling of dynamic, nonlinear
systems.
 Integration of Renewable Energy
Traditional Approaches: Conventional approaches of integrating renewable
energy sources like wind and solar into the electrical grid relied on human skills
for demand and supply forecasting and balancing.
AI Solutions: To precisely forecast the production of renewable energy, AI
systems use predictive analytics, which improves grid integration. Machine
learning assists in real-time energy supply and demand balancing, which lessens
reliance on fossil fuels.
Proposed strategies to reduce AI environmental footprints.
An artificial intelligence (AI) compute divide between commercial and public entities, as well
as between developed and developing nations, is a source of concern. This may conflict with
initiatives to advance environmental justice, which is commonly defined as equal protection
from environmental risks and equal access to environmental benefits. According to a study of
the top ten countries for AI research on the environment, the US, EU27, and China have the
most publications. Understanding the disparities in AI computing power between and within

nations is one of the Expert Group's goals. Best practices should be shared, access to the AI
computing ecosystem should be measured and ensured, and "sustainability by design" should
be used as a design principle. While measures to lessen the energy and carbon effect of AI
computing are frequently driven by advanced economies and the corporate sector, a variety of
viewpoints from actors in emerging economies could further enrich and benefit the discussion
(Birhane et al., 2021[132]).
In Ghana, India, Rwanda, South Africa, and Uganda, projects like "FAIR Forward - Artificial
Intelligence for All" facilitate knowledge exchange and access to environmental data. The
dissemination of knowledge across the globe and the growth of expertise in the effective and
sustainable management of AI compute and its responsible application are both facilitated by
the exchange of best practices on the sustainable design and operation of AI compute and
applications. There are also some other stratggies fwhich can help in reducing the
environmental footprint du eto AI and they are as fopllows:
algorithms that are energy-efficient
In order to reduce the environmental impact, AI algorithms must be optimized for energy
efficiency.
 Trim redundant neural network parameters and connections to reduce

computing demands without compromising performance.
 Quantization is the also one of the strategies. To significantly reduce
computational requirements, reduce the precision of numerical representations
in A.I. models.
 Transfer knowledge from large, power-guzzling models to smaller, more
efficient ones while preserving performance.
 Install solar and wind energy systems and windmills to power data centers.
Major technological firms have already made sizable investments in renewable
energy, including Google and Apple.
 Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs): Sign contracts to buy clean energy directly
from producers, helping to promote the industry.
 Encourage manufacturers to create AI gear with longer life cycles so there is
less need for replacements as often.
 To reduce the negative environmental effects of e-waste, encourage ethical
recycling and disposal of A.I. components.

 Use pricing structures for carbon to encourage businesses to cut back on

emissions.
 Give businesses that invest in renewable energy and energy-saving A.I.
technologies tax breaks.

Pact of Artificial Intelligence On The Environment in India

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Page 1 of 24 - Cover Page Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2716904511

Submission Date 5,546 Words

Oct 15, 2023, 10:55 AM PDT

Oct 15, 2023, 10:57 AM PDT

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How much of this submission has been generated by AI?

It is essential to understand the limitations of AI detection before making decisions

Frequently Asked Questions

What does the percentage mean?

How does Turnitin's indicator address false positives?

What does 'qualifying text' mean?

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THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN

Alliance School of Law Alliance University, Bangalore

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Key Words: Artificial, Environment, Intelligence, Carbon-footprint, Sustainable, Impact.

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 Creaive, Artificial intelligence for environmental monitoring and conservation

 Rashmi Mathur, Roma Katyal, Artificial Intelligence in Sustainable Agriculture,

 Alejandro Garofali, The Environmental and Ethical Challenges of Artificial

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 GPAI 2022, Biodiversity and Artificial Intelligence, opportunities and

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 Lin Chen, Artificial intelligence-based solutions for climate change: a review,

 Robert Denney, Opportunities for Artificial Intelligence in Environmental

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 Pavitra Dhamija, Surajit Bag Role of Artificial Intelligence in Operations

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1. To compare the environmental impact of Artificial Intelligence technology-based

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

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artificial intelligence technologies and traditional methods in light of environmental footprint,

 What is Artificial Intelligence

Chapter: 2: AI and Environment

 Direct Impact of A.I. on Environment

Chapter: 3 – Comparative Assessment

1. Comparative Assessment of A.I. Solution V. Traditional Methods

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Chapter – 4: Regulatory Framework

3. Proposed strategies to reduce A.I.’s environmental footprint

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What is Artificial Intelligence

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1. Learning: This area of AI programming is concerned with gathering data and

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Laws in India: A.I.

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CHAPTER: 2 – A.I. AND ENVIRONMENT

Direct Impact of A.I. on Enviornment

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Similar to manufacturing, it is challenging to separate the environmental effects of shipping

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operating carbon footprint. According to some estimates, the worldwide ICT

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Indirect Impact of A.I. on Environment

A.I.’s Carbon Foorprint

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Comparative Assessment of A.I. Solution V. Traditional Methods

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landfill usage. Waste collection routes can be optimized by machine learning,

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emissions are decreased through machine learning algorithms' predictions of