Innate Immunity and Its Cells

Innate Immunity
Chitra
and Its Cells R.no-32

Discover the fascinating world of innate immunity,

its soldiers, and how they protect you.

by Ansh Bansal
Last edited 17 minutes ago
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 Macrophages

Phagocytosis

Macrophages destroy pathogens by engulfing

them and then call for reinforcements.

Protection

Macrophages wrap themselves around healthy

cells to shield them from pathogens.
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 Activation

Macrophages activate T cells, which can kill

infected cells and enhance macrophage
performance.

Natural Killer Cells

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 1 Targets

Natural Killer cells destroy cancer cells,

virus-infected cells, and even cells from
your own body that aren't working properly.

2 Fast & Furious

They can quickly detect sick cells and

release enzymes that puncture holes on
their membranes.

3 Enhancements

Natural Killer cells can be enhanced by

cytokines, molecules that increase their
ability to target and kill abnormal cells.
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 Mast Cells
1 Roles

Mast cells help to initiate allergic

reactions and serve as a first line of
defense against parasites and
pathogens.

2 Activation

They are activated by pathogens,

physical injury, and stress, and they
respond by secreting signaling
molecules and histamine.

3 Impact

Excessive activation can lead to

allergies, anaphylaxis, chronic pain,
and a range of other conditions that
affect the immune system.
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 Neutrophils
Fight

Neutrophils are the most abundant white

blood cells, and they are responsible for
fighting bacterial and fungal infections.

Unique features

They have a distinct nucleus and granules that

contain enzymes and antimicrobial
substances. They can also form neutrophil
extracellular traps (NETs), which are webs of
DNA and other molecules that trap and kill
pathogens.

Aggressiveness

Neutrophils are short-lived and highly

aggressive cells that can swarm to sites of
infection and create pus.

Dendritic Cells
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 Sampling

Dendritic cells sample millions of antigens in the

environment and choose the ones that are most
dangerous or unfamiliar.

Action

They travel from tissues to lymph nodes, where

they present the antigens to T cells and trigger
their activation.

Teaming up
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 Dendritic cells work together with T cells to create
immunological memory, so that your body can
remember previous infections and react faster to
future ones.

Basophils
Function Basophils are involved in
allergic reactions and
inflammation, where they
recruit other immune cells
and release histamine.

Appearance They have a lobed nucleus

and large granules that
stain with basic dyes.

Location They are found in low

numbers in the blood and in
specific tissues, such as
the lungs and skin.
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 Eosinophils
1 Targets

Eosinophils attack parasitic worms,

fungi, and some bacteria. They also
modulate allergic and inflammatory
responses.

2 Appearance

They have a bilobed nucleus and

large granules that stain with acid
dyes.

3 Recruitment

Eosinophils are recruited by

cytokines and chemokines, and
they can be involved in adaptive
immunity as well.

Made with Gamma

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