Outline 02

03
 Blood & Blood Functions 04
BLOOD:
A body fluid that transports many substances through the body. Blood is made up of red blood cells, white
blood cells, platelets, and liquid plasma. The average human body contains about 4 to 5 liters of blood.

BLOOD FUNCTIONS:

TRANSPORT PROTECTION REGULATE

- Gases (O2 and CO2) - Against diseases - Body temperature
- Nutrients - Strengthen immune system - pH
- Hormones - Water content
- Wastes

Module 1 | Blood & Erythropoiesis https://www.myvmc.com/anatomy/blood-function-and-composition/

 Composition of Blood 05

Module 1 | Blood & Erythropoiesis https://www.myvmc.com/anatomy/blood-function-and-composition/

 Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) 06

Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes. They are

the most common type of blood cell. They carry
haemoglobin, an iron-rich protein.
Function: Transport oxygen in the blood through the red
pigment haemoglobin.
Normal life span of RBC 110-120 days

Normal RBC Ranges:

Male: 4.32-5.72 million cells/µl

Female: 3.90-5.03 million cells/µl

Module 1 | Blood & Erythropoiesis https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/complete-blood-count/about/pac-20384919

 Haemoglobin (Hb) 07

Haemoglobin contains iron and proteins joined to greatly

increase the oxygen carrying capacity of erythrocytes.
They allow oxygen to be easily transferred into the cell in
the lungs and out of the cell in the capillaries of the
systemic tissues.

Normal Hb Ranges:

Male: 13.5-17.5 g/dL

Female: 12.0-15.5 g/dL

https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/complete-blood-count/about/pac-20384919
Module 1 | Blood & Erythropoiesis
 Erythropoiesis 08
Erythropoiesis is a process to form red blood cells in the bone
marrow.
Bone marrow is the erythrocyte factory, that fills the internal
cavities of bones.
This process takes about 26-28 days.

Erythropoietin:

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced by the kidneys and it

promotes the formation of red blood cells by the bone marrow.

Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents (ESAs):

ESAs are the medications that work like the human protein
erythropoietin, which stimulates bone marrow to make red blood
cells.
https://www.slideshare.net/1541988/erythropoiesis-51130692
https://thebloodlustersmsu.wixsite.com/haematology/single-post/2017/04/02/REGULATION
-OF-ERYTHROPOIESIS
https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm109375.htm
Module 1 | Blood & Erythropoiesis https://www.medicinenet.com/erythropoietin/article.htm
 Regulation Of Erythropoiesis 09

Process of Erythropoiesis is mainly

regulated by:

● Erythropoietin - Stimulate the

production of erythrocytes in the
bone marrow.

● Iron - For haemoglobin synthesis

● Vitamin B12 & Folic Acid - For

nucleic acid synthesis

Module 1 | Blood & Erythropoiesis

 Fast Facts 10

The only place

The human blood Some time spent in where blood cannot
has about 0.2 sunlight reduces be found in human
milligrams of blood pressure. body is the cornea
GOLD.
(eye).

More than 400 Donating 500ml of

gallons of blood blood can save 3
are filtered by lives, without
our kidneys reducing your
every day. physical energy. https://www.slideshare.net/1541988/erythro
poiesis-51130692
https://www.futurederm.com/whats-in-a-brui
Module 1 | Blood & Erythropoiesis se/