Sexuality Now Embracing Diversity 4th

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Chapter 9
Adult Sexual Relationships

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. All of the following are reasons “dating” on college campuses has declined EXCEPT?
a. Hooking up, casual sex, and “friends with benefits” has become more acceptable.
b. There are more male students than female students.
c. The overall definition of “dating” is not clearly defined.
d. Students more often hang out in groups which results in more casual “dating”.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Conceptual REF: Dating

2. What is a typical characteristic of those who most often report being open to interracial dating?
a. Politically liberal c. Less religious
b. Younger d. All of these

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Dating

3. Which of the following statements best describes a typical pattern related to interracial dating?
a. White people are more likely than any other racial/ethnic group to report being open to a
mixed race relationship.
b. Men and women with lower education levels report the highest degree of openness to mixed
race relationships.
c. Heterosexual men and women are more likely than their homosexual counterparts to be
open to mixed race relationships.
d. While college students are more open to casual and sexual mixed race relationships, most
report preference for their same race/ethnicity for long-term relationships.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Conceputal REF: Dating

4. What does the “half-age-plus-seven rule” indicate?

a. Research indicates best outcomes when a person dates someone who is half their age plus
seven years.
b. This “rule” indicates a person should not date someone under half their age plus seven
years.
c. This “rule” indicates that couples tend to stay together longer when there is a larger gap
between their ages.
d. Research indicates that couples who have at least a difference of half their age plus seven
indicate higher levels of sexual satisfaction in their relationships.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Conceptual REF: Dating

5. When was the earliest someone could have legally engaged in interracial dating throughout the U.S.?
a. The late 1870s c. The late 1960s
b. The early 1930s d. The early 1980s

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Dating

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 6. Related to sexuality in dating relationships, couples who wait to have sex in a relationship:
a. Are more likely to cheat on their partners.
b. Report less overall relationship satisfaction.
c. Experience better relationship outcomes.
d. Are less likely to have an unintended pregnancy.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Conceptual REF: Dating

7. What statement best describes a trend related to the practice of “hooking up” on college campuses?
a. It is estimated that between 30-40% of college students have engaged in at least one hook
up.
b. There are no gender differences in rates and perceptions of “hooking up”.
c. Both men and women report engaging in this behavior for purely physical reasons, although
the research does not clearly indicate this to be true.
d. Heterosexual students are more likely to engage in “hooking up” than homosexual students.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Conceptual REF: Dating

8. What is found as one of the most important factors in how someone recovers from a break up?
a. The amount of social support they have
b. If the relationship lasted less than 6 months
c. How long the couple knew each other prior to their romantic relationship
d. Whether or not the relationship also included a sexual relationship

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Conceptual REF: Dating

9. What is one of the reasons given in your text for why current research on cohabitating couples may be
skewed?
a. Couples are often ashamed to admit to living in premarital relationships.
b. We lack adequate relationship labels to define different “forms” of living together.
c. The Census survey does not include a category for people to indicate when they live
together but are not married.
d. Only couples who live together and also have children are labeled as cohabitating in the
Census data.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Cohabitation

10. What percent of heterosexual couples in the U.S. live together before marriage?
a. Less than 40% c. Approximately 75%
b. Approximately 50% d. More than 80%

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Cohabitation

11. Over the last few years, what correlation was found related to cohabitation rates and financial status?
a. There was an increase in cohabitations rates where both partners were employed.
b. There was an increase in cohabitation rates where one partner was unemployed.
c. There was in increase in cohabitation rates among couples with higher income status.
d. No differences were found between cohabitation rates and financial status.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Conceptual REF: Cohabitation

12. Which of the following is true about cohabitating couple in the U.S.?

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 a. If they get married, they are less likely to divorce than couples who did not live together
prior to marriage.
b. They tend to cohabitate as a prelude to marriage, not as a substitute to it.
c. The majority of couples who choose to live together prior to marriage are in homosexual
relationships.
d. All of these

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Conceptual REF: Cohabitation

13. According to a current study, what was the primary reason that the majority of couples gave for moving
in together?
a. Financial reasons c. To “test” the relationship
b. To spend more time together d. Pressure from family and friends

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Cohabitation

14. Related to age at first marriage in the U.S. from 1970 until now:
a. The average age has remained constant.
b. The average age has increased.
c. The average age has decreased slightly.
d. The average age for men has increased while the average age for women has remained the
same.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Marriage

15. Who is more likely to eventually get married?

a. Sheila, a White woman who dropped out of high school
b. Sara, a Black woman who dropped out of high school
c. Susan, a White woman with a Bachelor’s degree
d. Samantha, a Black woman with a Bachelor’s degree

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Applied REF: Marriage

16. Related to racial/ethnic trends and mixed-race marriage rates, which of the following statements is true?
a. Asian females are less likely than Asian males to marry a person of another racial/ethnic
group.
b. Black females are less likely than Black males to marry a person of another racial/ethnic
group.
c. People in the Midwest have a higher percent of mixed-race marriages than people in
Southern states.
d. White people are more likely than Hispanic people to be in mixed-race marriages.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Marriage

17. Which group of adult children is LEAST likely to provide emotional, financial and practical help to their
aging parents?
a. Single c. Divorced
b. Married d. Widowed

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Marriage

18. What is a factor related to why older men are more likely than older women to remarry after the death of
a spouse?

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 a. Men tend to marry younger women.
b. Men are more likely to have familial support to remarry.
c. Men maintain their physical attractiveness longer than women.
d. Men tend to be in better health into later ages.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Conceptual REF: Marriage

19. Compared to a generation ago, those who get married in the early 21st century are more likely:
a. Older and about as happy with their marriages
b. Older and less happy with their marriages
c. About the same age and more happy with their marriages
d. About the same age and about as happy with their marriages

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Applied REF: Marriage

20. According to John Gottman, what is the most important predictor of marital satisfaction for both men
and women?
a. Quality of the friendship c. Similar spiritual beliefs
b. Agreement on financial issues d. Level of sexual satisfaction

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Marriage

21. Who is most likely to report the highest level of marital happiness?
a. Joe, a White male c. Simone, a Black female
b. Rachel, a White female d. Tyrome, a Black male

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Applied REF: Marriage

22. While men traditionally receive more benefits from marriage than women, which of the following
benefits does recent research show now applies equally to married men and married women?
a. Physical health c. Mental health
b. Self-reported happiness d. Sexual health

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Marriage

23. Related to research on sex within marriages, what has been found?
a. Reports of more frequent sexual behavior is correlated to higher levels of relationship
satisfaction.
b. Increased relationship satisfaction leads to more frequent sexual behavior.
c. More frequent sexual behavior leads to higher levels of relationship satisfaction.
d. The frequency of sexual behavior is not correlated with relationship satisfaction.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Conceptual REF: Marriage

24. Joe and Sharon have been married for 25 years, which of the last 5 they have chosen to no longer engage
in sexual behaviors. What kind of marriage is this?
a. Consensual marriage c. Companionate marriage
b. Asexual marriage d. Celibate marriage

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Marriage

25. What is true related to extramarital sexual relations in the U.S.?
a. Couples who live together are more likely to cheat than couples who are married.

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 b. Lesbian women are more likely to cheat than gay men.
c. There are no differences in the odds for cheating among those who are religious and those
who are not.
d. There are significant gender differences in the rates of cheating.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Marriage

26. Related to sex outside of marriage, how does the United States compare to other countries?
a. Less than 5% of all societies are as strict about forbidding extramarital intercourse as the
U.S.
b. The U.S. is within the top 10% of countries with the loosest standards related to sex outside
of marriage.
c. The U.S. is very comparable to the majority of other countries in relation to expectations
about sex outside of marriage.
d. The U.S. is one of only 20% of countries around the world that do not have any laws related
to sex outside of marriage.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Conceptual REF: Marriage

27. Related to the overall impact on marital relationships, what type of affair has been found to have the
LEAST affect?
a. Emotional c. Emotional and Sexual
b. Sexual d. Internet

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Marriage

28. According to research, what is the reason why the majority of extramarital affairs occur?
a. Unmet sexual needs c. Unmet emotional needs
b. Incompatibility of sexual drives d. More women in the workplace

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Marriage

29. Will and Haley are married. They and their best friends, Mark and Loren, belong to a group of 5 other
couples who all engage in comarital sex. What label would be given to Will and Haley?
a. Polygamists c. Swingers
b. Clubbers d. Swappers

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Marriage

30. What statement best describes common findings related to comarital sex?
a. Couples who engage in comarital sex were much more popular in the 1970s and have since

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 been on the decline.
b. Couples who engage in comarital sex often come from families where comarital sex was
practiced.
c. Those who engage in comarital sex reported higher levels of sexual satisfaction but less
overall marital satisfaction compared to married couples who do not engage in comarital
sex.
d. Those who engage in comarital sex reported happier marriages and overall life satisfaction
than those in marriages who do not participate in comarital sex.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Marriage

31. On a survey, who is likely to report the lowest level of overall happiness?
a. Jan who is heterosexual and married
b. Justin who is lesbian and in a long term dating relationship
c. Jacob who is gay and in a legal marriage
d. Jennifer who is heterosexual and single

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Applied REF: Same-Sex Relationships

32. What are same-sex couples more likely to report in their relationships than other-sex couples?
a. Less intimacy
b. More emphasis on physical attractiveness
c. Equal sharing of household responsibilities
d. More problems with communication

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Conceptual REF: Same-Sex Relationships

33. What are some possible explanations for the lower reports of sexual activity among lesbian women?
a. Women are less likely to initiate sex.
b. Women tend to have a lower sex drive.
c. Sexual occurrences last longer resulting in fewer overall.
d. All of these

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Conceptual REF: Same-Sex Relationships

34. What state was the first to legalize same-sex civil unions?
a. California c. Vermont
b. Wisconsin d. Maine

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Same-Sex Relationships

35. In a 2010 CBS News Poll, what percentage of respondents indicated they were against legal recognition
of any kind for same-sex couples?
a. 10% c. 50%
b. 25% d. 80%

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Same-Sex Relationships

36. According to the Defense of Marriage Act, what defines a “spouse”?

a. A person of the other sex

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 b. A person of either sex
c. A person who is either legally married or in a legal civil union
d. It varies from state to state.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Same-Sex Relationships

37. According to your text, what can the strong history of protection of heterosexual marriage in the United
States be tied to?
a. Economic well-being c. Procreative health
b. Religious freedom d. Sexual health

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Conceptual REF: Same-Sex Relationships

38. All of the following are ways that heterosexual and homosexual couples become parents EXCEPT:
a. Pregnancy through surrogacy c. Unintended pregnancy
b. Foster parenting d. Adoption

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Applied

REF: Having Children or Remaining Childless

39. Between 1990 and 2008, births increased in which group?

a. Older women c. College students
b. Teens d. Married women

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Factual

REF: Having Children or Remaining Childless

40. Births to unmarried women are lowest among what group?

a. Caucasians c. Asians
b. Hispanics d. African-Americans

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Factual

REF: Having Children or Remaining Childless

41. On average, married couples in which of the following conditions report the lowest levels of marital
satisfaction?
a. Newly-married couples with no children c. Couples with two teenagers
b. Couples with two young children d. Couples whose children are grown

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Conceptual

REF: Having Children or Remaining Childless

42. Comparing divorce rates within the first 10 years of marriage, what is true regarding divorce rates of
couples married in the 1970s and couples married in the 1990s?
a. The percentage of couples that divorced within the first 10 years increased from 1970 to

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 1990.
b. The percentage of couples that divorced within the first 10 years was about the same
between both groups.
c. The percentage of couples that divorced within the first 10 years decreased from 1970 to
1990.
d. Due to changes in divorce laws, comparisons between these groups are not valid.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Conceptual REF: Divorce

43. Which of the following couples are more likely to divorce?

a. A Korean couple c. A White couple
b. A Mexican American couple d. A mixed-race couple

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Divorce

44. Who is more likely to initiate a divorce?

a. The woman
b. The man
c. No difference between genders.
d. Neither, most divorces are mutually initiated.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Divorce

45. A higher-than-usual divorce rate occurs among couples who:

a. Have been divorced or had divorced parents
b. Married at a young age
c. Had children quickly after marriage
d. All of these

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Divorce

46. Ten years following a divorce, who is more likely to say their divorce was the right decision?
a. Women
b. Men
c. No difference in genders
d. Neither, the majority of men and women say their divorce was not the right decision.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Factual REF: Divorce

47. What statement best describes a covenant marriage?

a. A marriage in which one party needs to be found guilty of a transgression to get divorced.
b. A marriage that can only be dissolved by a religious authority, as opposed to the court
system.
c. A marriage in which a religious ceremony is performed but no legal ceremony.
d. A marriage in which prenuptially, the couple agrees on a set of rules and regulations for
ending the marriage, including a wait time for finalization of a divorce.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Conceptual REF: Divorce

48. All of the following statements regarding arranged marriages are true EXCEPT:
a. In Iran all marriages are arranged.
b. The Yaruros of Venezuela arrange marriages between “cross cousins.”

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 c. Arranged marriages in China have become less common.
d. Arranging marriages in the United States is illegal.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Conceptual

REF: Adult Sexual Relationships in Other Cultures

49. If you want to cohabitate with your partner, which country would be your best choice?
a. Spain c. Italy
b. Norway d. China

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Applied

REF: Adult Sexual Relationships in Other Cultures

50. All of the following statements are true regarding divorce in other cultures EXCEPT?
a. Divorce rates are much lower in other countries compared to the U.S.
b. Divorce was not legal in Chile until 2004.
c. In Israel, women need their husband’s permission to divorce.
d. In China and Brazil the main reason given for divorce is extramarital affairs.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Factual

REF: Adult Sexual Relationships in Other Cultures

TRUE/FALSE

1. Gays and lesbians are twice as likely to be in a mixed race relationship compared to straight men and
women.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Dating

2. Sexual satisfaction in short-term intimate relationships is a strong predictor of how happy a couple is in
the relationship but it is not a predictor of happiness in long-term relationships.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Dating

3. When choosing someone to date, a person’s race has been found to be more important than his or her
religion.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Dating

4. The number of cohabitating couples has decreased slightly over the last 10 years.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Cohabitation

5. Longer cohabitation has been found to be associated with higher likelihood of divorce in heterosexual
couples

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Cohabitation

6. Current research available on cohabitation makes it difficult to determine if couples who live together
and later divorce would have been just as likely to divorce had they not lived together.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Cohabitation

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 7. Couples who were already engaged prior to living together have the same chance of divorce as couple
who marry without living together first.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Cohabitation

8. Current research indicates that high school graduates are more likely to marry than those with college
degrees.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Marriage

9. It is more likely for black females to be in mixed race marriages than black men, while the opposite
gender difference is true for Asian men and women.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Marriage

10. Most married adults report that over time their marital satisfaction and happiness gradually decline.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Marriage

11. There is a higher percentage of married men than women who are over 65.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Marriage

12. Legal marriage offers the same rights same-sex couples as both domestic partnerships and civil unions.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Same-Sex Relationships

13. A civil union performed in one state is typically not recognized in other states, even if the state has civil
or domestic partnership laws.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Same-Sex Relationships

14. A recent study found that woman initiate 2/3 of all divorces.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Divorce

15. The American term for “dating” seems to be a universal concept used cross-culturally.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Adult Sexual Relationships in Other Cultures

SHORT ANSWER

1. Identify three ways that dating patterns and practices changed over the last 30 years in the U.S. Be sure
to reference information from your text.

ANS: Not provided. PTS: 1 REF: Dating

2. Identify three advantages and three disadvantages of cohabitation as discussed by the textbook.

ANS: Not provided. PTS: 1 REF: Cohabitation

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 3. Explain the statistics and research findings between cohabitation and divorce and possible explanations
for these findings.

ANS: Not provided. PTS: 1 REF: Cohabitation

4. Explain what we know about marital happiness, gender, and race providing information from your text
to back up your response.

ANS: Not provided. PTS: 1 REF: Marriage

5. Discuss what is known about extramarital affairs, including common characteristics that someone who
cheats might have compared to those who do not, what types of affairs there are and how do they differ
by both gender and impact on the marriage.

ANS: Not provided. PTS: 1 REF: Marriage

6. Differentiate between domestic partnerships, civil unions, and same-sex marriages. Include information
about how each is recognized both federally and by different states.

ANS: Not provided. PTS: 1 REF: Same-Sex Relationships

7. Discuss the possible reasons why societies have given preference to heterosexual marriage over
same-sex marriage. Make sure to include references to your text.

ANS: Not provided. PTS: 1 REF: Same-Sex Relationships

8. Describe the current trends in parenting with respect to age, education, and ethnicity.

ANS: Not provided. PTS: 1 REF: Having Children or Remaining Childless

9. Compare and contrast men’s and women’s adjustment to divorce.

ANS: Not provided. PTS: 1 REF: Divorce

10. Describe the marital customs and practices of two specific cultures outside of the United States that were
discussed in your text.

ANS: Not provided. PTS: 1 REF: Adult Sexual Relationships in Other Cultures

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