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FACTORS AFFECTING CAREER CHOICES OF GRADE 12 STUDENTS IN

TADIAN SCHOOL OF ARTS AND TRADES

S.Y. 2021-2022

A Research Proposal Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School

Tadian School of Arts and Trades

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the subject

Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion

By

JENNETH C. DALISAN

IRENE P. INOMIS

BENJIE C. KIDICDIAN

MYRIC I. MAITANG

CLEOFY M. WANGDALI

APRIL 2022

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 Chapter 1

Introduction

Background of the study

Being adolescent can be extremely lonely. It is not unusual to have a feeling

that there is no one to turn to when problems arise. This is the stage where major

decisions and deep concerns affect the courses of their lives. Most adolescents are

pressured to perform and succeed, which experience severe stress in meeting these

expectations.

Senior high school students need professional advice especially in the choice

of their careers. It is in this period where the students are advised to prepare for their

future worthwhile occupations. Choosing the perfect career is one of the most

important and crucial decision a person has to make. This can be one of the measures

whether an individual will be successful in the future or not. At this stage, self –

realization, role try – outs, occupational explorations in schools, and finding the first

job is the tentative step. It is at this stage when the teenager needs guidance in the

proper selection of their desired career. Where, they will arrive at the right decision

considering their innate capacities, educational privilege offered to the students and

other resources that society makes available for them to be more efficient and

effective.

Stated, that the greatest barrier among students pursuing their own career and

having command over their life is the lack of in – depth knowledge of the said career.

In addition, knowledge is required to make valid career choices. (Philips, 1986)

Then, it is the responsibility of guidance counselors to supply these senior

high school students with enough and pertinent information and proper interpretations

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concerning their abilities, aptitudes, interest, needs, temperament and personal

characteristics to help them make crucial decisions. What most likely could lead the

students to their maximum development and ultimate success is likewise the concern

of educational guidance. Through these programs, the students are given assistance in

attaining a high level of efficiency and satisfying results in the activities in which they

will engage in. As a whole, they will be helpful in formulating systematic goals and

plans for their future. A career choice is a decision that most human beings make

sometime in their lives; it is a decision that should be carefully considered since it can

affect the rest of a person’s life (Eyo, 2011:328). Therefore, the goal of career

guidance and counselling is to allow an individual to explore his or her options

(Lazarus & Chinwe, 2011:52).

Bautista (as cited in Bulaong, 1986) stated that elementary education provides

a foundation for formal education. It is when high school where students starts to feel

tangibly about career choices. He cited, Castillo (1963), who stressed the redirection

and guidance of the high school youth because; it is in that stage where skills,

capacities and decisions are developed. The youth should get a through picture of

their aspirations and expectations.

According to the theory of vocational development by Supeer (2005), the

students should first become aware of the need for a career. So every graduating

student needs a wise choice in decision making, Bautista (1997) stated that at this

stage, a student must take important and vital decision in the selection of a career

which will determine his future success.

Sax (1994) examined students’ initial interest in scientific careers, factors

influencing career choice during college and how these factors differ between men

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and women. Men who abandon career aspirations appear to be driven by financial

concerns, whereas women who decide not to pursue scientific career appear more

concerned with the social good of their career choice.

Such diverse professions as engineering, teaching, law, medicine and

information science all require a college education. Most require training in graduate

or professional schools as well. Increasingly, even less specialized jobs require some

post-secondary education. The development of new technologies and the globalization

of the world economy have created high demand for workers with computers,

communications, and other occupational skills that can be acquired at colleges or

universities. For example, computers and others new technologies have eliminated

many low – skilled jobs in a variety of fields, but these same technologies have

created widespread job opportunities for those who have the proper training. In

addition, employers increasingly seek out college graduates who have gained the

critical thinking and problem – solving skills necessary to adapt to changing economic

conditions.

Graduate and professional degree program typically requires students to

complete a set of courses in a specialized academic field. Most graduate degree

programs require students to conduct original research in that field and to

communicate their findings in an examination or in a long academic essay known as a

thesis, or in a book – length work called a dissertation. In professional degree

programs, students acquire practical knowledge and skills for careers in such areas as

business, law, and medicine.

To enable students, make good career decisions and thus ease problem of jobs

& skills mismatch, the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) in Region 6

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recently conducted orientations for guidance counselors on the new Standard Manuals

entitled, Career Guide for High School Students and Employment Guide for College

Students and Jobseekers aimed at enhancing their capability on career and

employment coaching.

DOLE Region 6 Regional Director Manuel Roldan had reported that 147

guidance counsellors from tertiary and secondary schools and Public Employment

Service Office (PESO) Managers attended the orientations conducted in the provinces

of Aklan, Antique, Capiz, and Negros Occidental.

During the orientations, the guidance counsellors were given a copy of the

manual (in CD form) to help them in their mission to effectively provide career

counselling to students who are about to leave high schools.

The Manuals are part of the DOLE’s labor market information services and

are important tools on career planning. “The manuals, as LMI tools, will aid students

in understanding the world of work. It will “job-fit” or match their interests, skills,

and abilities to careers in which their strengths can be best utilized,” Roldan said.

“On the other hand, the manual on employment guide focuses on job

exploration, labor market information, and job search and aids graduating college

students, who are about to enter the world of work, on how to create impressive

resume or portfolio, start his job search and ace the interview,” he added.

Labor and Employment Secretary Rosalinda Dimapilis-Baldoz cited the

importance of these orientation seminars as she had advised graduating high school

students to “decide on career choices on the basis of what the labor market needs and

not on what is popular, to enable you to land jobs after graduation.”

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 “Hundreds of thousands of Filipino students will enroll this year and my

advice to them is to decide on a course or study that will land those jobs after

graduation. They should go for careers that the labor market needs, and not because a

career is in vogue or popular, “she said.

Career and employment counselling is widely accepted as a powerful and

effective method of assisting young people make appropriate and sensible career

choices to gain access to work opportunities that are compatible with their interests,

values, and abilities.

Roldan said his office is intensifying its efforts to address the problem of job

mismatch to improve the region’s employment situation. DOLE Region 6 will also

conduct an orientation for Guidance Counsellors of Iloilo and Guimaras on the

Manual this coming school year 2011-2012.

In a related development, the DOLE officially launched two weeks ago its

newest online labor market information service for high school students and

jobseekers, the Career Guide, following the instruction of President Benigno S.

Aquino III to make the guide available and accessible in time for the college

enrollment for SY 2011.

“Today, we present to our people the DOLE Career Guide in compliance with

the instructions of the President to empower our young Filipinos in making wise and

excellent career decisions,” Baldoz said in a press conference.

“The Career Guide is a major component of the job search assistance function

of the DOLE to link careers to employment opportunities,” she said.

(http://www.gov.ph/2011/05/03/dole-focuses-on-career-employment-guidance-for-

students-and-jobseekers/)

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 Education Secretary Jesli Lapus appeals for scholarship support for more

than 20,000 graduating high school students from low-income families who got

ratings of 98 % and above in the recent National Career Assessment Examinations

(NCAE). “I am calling on all scholarship-giving organizations, both

public and private, to take cognizance of these results and help our young achievers

fulfill their promise,” Lapus said.

The exam was taken by 1.2 million fourth year high school students or 97% of

all those enrolled in both private and public schools. Some 20,307 examinees that

scored 98 percent in general scholastic aptitude (GSA) test are being recommended to

CHED for priority scholarship in baccalaureate degree courses.

Meanwhile, 22,879 students are recommended for scholarship in technical-

vocational courses and 27,579 students for entrepreneurial studies based on their

scores. These students belong to families with annual income of P150,000 or less.

Earlier, CHED and TESDA agreed to give priority scholarship slots to superior but

indigent high school graduates based on the NCAE results. “The students show a lot

of potential and any scholarship support to enable them to pursue their career choices

is paramount,” Lapus stressed.

In the latest NCAE results, DepEd noted that there are students who got 98

percent and above in two or more domains. Many students who registered high in the

general scholastic aptitude test also got high scores in the technical-vocational

aptitude and entrepreneurial skills components of the exam.

NCAE for SY 2007-2008 was taken by 1,223,465 fourth year high school

students from private and public schools nationwide last August 28, 2007. DepEd

began the distribution of individual test results this November. Special examinations

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have also been conducted in November for those who were not able to take NCAE

last August.

The domains of NCAE are general scholastic aptitude, technical-vocational

aptitude, entrepreneurial skills, and interest inventory. The exam is composed of

scientific ability, mathematical ability, reading comprehension, verbal ability,

manipulative skills, clerical ability, non-verbal ability and entrepreneurial skills.

NCAE is currently on its second year. On the third year of implementation in

school year 2008-2009 the test results are envisioned to serve as prerequisite for

enrolment in any four or five year degrees in colleges and universities as well as two-

year vocational or technological courses. An enabling law is needed to make the test

an admission prerequisite.

DepEd statistics show that out of 100 children who enter Grade 1, only 43

finish high school. Of this number only 23 pursue college or higher technical

education while the others are forced to look for jobs. Of the 23 who manage to get

tertiary education, only 14 are able to complete college. DepEd is currently

implementing an enhanced curriculum in some 261 tech-voc secondary schools

nationwide to give students a wider employment or entrepreneurship berth in case

they are unable to immediately pursue a 4-year college degree. Given the introduction

of ladderized education, students will be able to bank on the skills they attain and

select technical or engineering courses in college. Some students may also decide to

take post-secondary courses given by TESDA.

(http://www.deped.gov.ph/updates/updateslinks.asp?id=332)

DepEd Secretary Jesli Lapus said some 1.5 million fourth year high school

students from both public and private schools are set to take the examinations which

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are aimed to determine the best-suited college course for the examinees after

graduation from high school. The annual test, which has been conducted since 2006,

seeks to minimize the mismatch in career choices vis-a-vis skills and inclinations

among high school students. “The annual conduct of the NCAE gives the students and

the parents an idea on the field of endeavor most suited to the graduating students

thus, allowing for better decision on their choice of career," Lapus said, noting that

graduating students thus, allowing for better decision on their choice of career,”

Aside from the GSA, the NCAE also measures a graduating student’s

potentials or inclination in such areas as technical-vocational aptitude (TVA),

entrepreneurial skills, nonverbal ability and occupational interest. Lapus, however,

admits that the NCAE results are, at best, recommendatory and are not a requisite for

admission to college. DepEd noted that the number of examinees this year increased

by 20 percent to 1.5 million, from 1.2 million examinees in 2007. Of the total number

of this year’s examinees, 1.2 million are public high school students while only over

300,000 examinees are from private schools. This year’s NCAE will also include

1,200 out-of-school youths who are applying for scholarship with the Commission on

Higher Education (CHEd). DepEd said it has set up an Action Center at its Central

Office in Pasig City to provide information regarding the NCAE, and handle queries

and complaints.

The present study sought to establish the factors that affect the career choices

of the Grade 12 students at TSAT. This study is conducted for lots of students are

observed that they takes time and have difficulties on choosing their career. We have

also encountered students in TSAT where they don’t know what career they would

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choose with the reason that they doesn’t know the appropriate career to choose. With

this, we conducted this study to determine the factors that affect their career choices.

Statement of the problem

This study aims to determine the factors affecting career choices of Grade 12

senior high school students in TSAT. Specifically, it sought to answer the following

problems:

1. What are the factors that influence the career choices of the grade 12

students in TSAT?

2. What is the level of influence of the factors that affect the career choices of

grade 12 students in TSAT?

Assumption

1. The factors that influence the career choices of the Grade 12 students in

TSAT are the same.

2. The level of influence of the factors that affect the career choices of the

Grade 12 students in TSAT are the same.

Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored by Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory and Albert

Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory in examining the factors that influence career

pathways among high school students. The two theories were chosen because of their

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 relevance to career issues, especially career development. They include both social

and cognitive factors while being sensitive to cultural aspects. Students live in a social

world where they interact with the environment as they seek guidance towards

careers. These theories deal with the cognitive aspects of the students by making them

aware of their decisions.

The variables in this research was presented using the IPO where in the input

Input Process Output

A. Factors affecting Descriptive research • Career Guidance
career choices design using: Program
B. Level of influence
 Survey
of the factors
affecting the career  Statistical
choices treatment

Figure 1.Paradigm of the study

Scope and Delimitation

This study will be conducted in Tadian School of Arts and Trades. It started on

March and will end on the month of April. The respondents were Grade 12 students of

TSAT with a total population of 176 students.

This study aimed to determine the factors affecting career choices of Grade 12

students. Specifically, it sought to answer such problems. What are the factors that

affect the career choices of the Grade 12 students in TSAT? What is the level of

influence of the factors that affect the career choices of the Grade12 student in TSAT?

Significant/Importance of the study

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 Education is the totality of learning acquired by individual which is inherited

from one generation to another, while career is serve as its application.

The collaboration of these two fields plays a key in improving individual’s

competence and professionalism and serve as their personal achievement. Therefore,

this study is deemed significant to the following stakeholder for the following

reasons:

To the students, the respondents are the center of the research because

ultimately they develop the awareness of themselves, strength, and weaknesses for

their career development by continually summarizing and reflecting upon what they

are learning from home, school, and community. In totality, students are in charge of

their own choice.

To the parents, parents will realize how important they are as a source of

encouragement in which children are free to explore different areas of career choices.

This study will look forward in giving their children an assurance to acquire quality

education that would enable them to obtain better job, better income, and brighter

future.

To the teachers, this study will give information to the teachers of TSAT as to

the choices of students such that they can focus on the skills needed by the students if

ever the latter would pursue the career they have chosen.

To the School Administration, the result of this study will help the school

administration in putting up an effective, integrated career information and guidance

system that plays a very helpful role in guiding students towards making the best

possible career decisions.

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 To the researcher, the process and outcome of this study will produce a great

satisfaction, competence, and professionalism to the field.

Chapter II

Research Methodology

This chapter explains the methods and procedures of gathering and analyzing

the data in this study.

Research Design

To be able to answer the research questions of the study, it will utilize

descriptive research design. As defined Paler-Calmorin (2016), descriptive research

design is best suited whenever the subjects vary among themselves and the researcher

is interested to know the extent of which the different conditions and situations are

obtaining among these subjects. The design is suitable in the study since it merely to

gather and merely to describe the data regarding the factors affecting the career

choices of the Grade 12 students in TSAT.

Locale and Population of the study

The study will be conducted at Tadian School of Arts and Trades since the

respondents are the Grade 12 senior high school of TSAT.

The respondent of the study includes the 5 sections of Grade 12 students. A

total population of 176 students from the graduating senior high school students of

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Tadian School of Arts and Trades. The distribution of the respondents were in the

following table.

Table 1.Distribution of the respondents

SECTION N N
Anthurium 32 22
Begonia 31 21
Carnation 31 21
Dahlia 43 29
Euphorbia 39 26
Total 176 119
N- Population n- sample size

Data Gathering Instrument

Survey questionnaires will be used to gather the data for this study.

‘Surveying’ is the process by which the researcher collects data through a

questionnaire. Survey questionnaires have many uses, most notably to discover what

the masses are thinking. With the help of this tool, the researchers can quickly

quantify the results well. The questionnaire consist of one part. A five-point Likert

Scale will be used to accomplish the formatted checklist-type items where

respondents checked the scale corresponding to their answers. The items are based on

the study’s objectives, which provide data on the problems stated.

Data Gathering Procedure

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 The researchers will conduct a survey through the questionnaire to gather

relevant data for the study. A written permission and communication letter will be

secured from the school authority which they will administer. Dates to conduct the

survey will be put in place. The researchers will physically take the questionnaires to

the respective sections. Collection dates of the questionnaires will be set and

communicated with the school authorities and respondents.

Sampling Technique

Convenient Sampling will be used in gathering the data. Convenient Sampling

because the researchers includes those participants who are easy or convenient to

approach. The technique is useful where the target population is defined in terms of

very broad category. The target population may be girls and boys, man and woman,

rich and poor. Any member of the target population who is available at the moment is

approach. He or she is ask to participate and if the person consents, the data gathering

is done.

Statistical Treatment of Data

For a clearer interpretation of the data that will be gathered from the survey

questionnaire, the researcher will used the following statistical procedures:

Weighted Mean. The procedure will be used to measure the extent by which

the respondents assessed the given research variables, which include factors affecting

career choices of Grade 12 students at TSAT.

The formula for computing the statistics are as follows:

WM=∑FW/N

Where:

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 WM= Computed weighted mean

∑= Summation of symbol

F= Frequency for each option

W= Assigned weight

N= Total number of frequencies

The following scale will be used in interpreting the computed weighted mean.

Weight Scale/Range Descriptive Code Description

Equivalence

5 4.21-5.0 Highly HI Factors

Influencing Affecting
career choices
are highly
influencing

4 3.41-4.20 Moderately MI Factors

Influencing affecting
career choices
are moderately
influencing

3 2.62-3.40 Influencing I Factors

affecting
career choices
are
influencing

2 1.81-2.60 Not NOI Factors

Influencing affecting
career choices
are not
influencing

1 1.00-1.80 Never NI Factors

Influencing affecting
career choices
are never
influencing

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 FACTORS AFFECTING THE CAREER CHOICES OF GRADE 12
STUDENTS IN TSAT
Name: Date:
We are the grade 12 students of Tadian School of Arts and Trades (TSAT) currently
conducting a study on the factors affecting the career choices of the graduating senior
high school students at TSAT. We will appreciate complete and honest answers from
you. Rest assured that your personal records will be kept confidentially.
The Researcher: J.D, I.I, B.K, M.M, C.W
DIRECTION: Please rate and give a check mark on each item using the following
scale:
1- Never Influencing
2- Not Influencing
3- Influencing
4- Moderately Influencing
5- Highly Influencing
I.) Family Influence
Indicators 5 4 3 2 1
a.) My father influenced me into the career I
want to pursue.
b.) My mother influenced me into the career I
want to pursue.
c.) The dominant profession in my family is
also my preferred career.
d.) My father’s career had influence my career
choice.
e.) My mother’s career had influence my career
choice.
f.) Older siblings had influence my career
choice

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II. School Influence
Indicator 5 4 3 2 1
a.) Career guidance is comprehensively
offered at our school
b.) School career days influenced my career
choice
c.) School career guidance cleared career
confusion I had
d.) My teachers influenced me in choosing my
career
e.) The guidance counselor was influential to
the career I want to pursue
f.) The subjects I take influenced my career
choices
g.) Former students’ career influence me on
my career choice
h.) My chosen career is linked to my favorite
subjects

III. Gender Influence

Indicator 5 4 3 2 1
a.) There are careers suitable for men and
others suitable for women
b.) Male students have higher career
ambitions than girls
c.) Boys and girls were socialized to choose
careers that are gender sensitive
d.) Women’s role is household and men’s
role is breadwinner
e.) Boys can use computers more effectively
to solve problems than girls
f.) Male models have influenced me to take
the career I want to pursue
g.) Female models have influenced me to
choose that career I want to pursue
h.) I value career advice I get from same sex
friends

IV. Peer Influence

Indicator 5 4 3 2 1
a.) Career education comes from other
students

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 b.) Peer influence regarding career choice is
powerful
c.) My friends have influenced me to choose a
career
d.) Peer advice on career guidance was
helpful
e.) My friends validated the career that I
choose
f.) Information given by my friends is always
reliable
g.) I choose a career that is similar to my
friends
h.) I embrace the advice I get from peers at
face value
i.) My friends give comprehensive and proper
advice on careers

Respondent’s Signature: _______________________

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