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1. Scope specified force of 0.56 6 0.05 N (2.0 6 0.2 oz) applied along
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to measure the core their axis.
thickness of textured geomembranes. 5. Significance and Use
1.2 This test method does not provide thickness values for
geomembranes under variable normal stresses. 5.1 Thickness is one of the basic index properties used to
control and track the quality of many geomembranes. Addi-
2. Referenced Documents tionally, many mechanical properties (for example, tensile
2.1 ASTM Standards: yield strength, puncture strength, etc.) can be related to core
D 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing2 thickness. Core thickness values may also be required in
D 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics2 calculation of some parameters such as diffusion coefficients or
tensile stresses.
3. Terminology 5.2 The measured core thickness of geomembranes may
3.1 Definitions: vary considerably depending on the pressure applied to the
3.1.1 core thickness, n—the average thickness of a textured specimen during measurement. To reduce variation in measure-
geomembrane as measured using this particular test method. ments and the chance of unrealistically low values due to
3.1.2 geomembrane, n—an essentially impermeable geo- excessively high pressures, a specific gage point geometry and
synthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets. (D 4439) applied force are prescribed in this test method.
3.1.3 thickness gage points, n—the tips of a thickness gage 5.3 The test method is applicable to all commonly available
which contact the upper and lower geomembrane surfaces, and textured geomembranes that are deployed as manufactured
between which the thickness is measured. geomembrane sheets.
3.1.4 pressure, n—the force or load per unit area.
6. Apparatus
3.1.5 textured geomembrane, n—a geomembrane having
one or both surfaces intentionally manufactured with projec- 6.1 Thickness Gage—The thickness gage shall be of the
tions or indentations, most commonly for the purpose of dead-weight type capable of measuring to an accuracy of at
providing increased shear strength against adjacent materials. least 60.01 mm (0.0004 in.). The gage shall be constructed to
3.1.6 thickness, n—the perpendicular distance between one permit application of a specific force of 0.56 6 0.05 N
surface and its opposite. (2.0 6 0.2 oz). The gage shall have a base point (or anvil) and
3.1.7 For definitions of other terms relating to geomem- a free-moving presser point whose axes are aligned to each
branes used in this test method, refer to the Terminology other.
D 4439. NOTE 1—The geomembrane specimen being measured should be main-
tained perpendicular to the axes of the opposing gage points. An
4. Summary of Test Method underlying support system may be necessary to support large test
4.1 The core thickness of a textured geomembrane is specimens.
calculated as the average value of measurements taken on 6.2 Thickness Gage Points—The gage points shall be made
replicate specimens of the sample under investigation. The of hardened steel. The points shall be tapered at an angle of
thickness of each specimen is measured at a specific location as 60 6 2° to the horizontal with the tip rounded to a radius of
the distance between two gage points. The opposing thickness 0.8 6 0.1 mm (0.031 6 0.004 in.). Fig. 1 shows the critical
gage points are manufactured to a defined geometry, with a dimensions.
NOTE 2—The gage and points can be calibrated using standard thick-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-35 on ness blocks. Frequent use and rough use of the gage can dull the gage
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem- points and cause misalignment, both of which will cause incorrect
branes. readings. These problems can be detected by frequent calibration.
Current edition approved May 10, 1998. Published January 1999. Last previous
edition D 5994 – 96
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 5994
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D 5994
in the “low spots” or “valleys,” in between the projections, or 11.1.4 Dimensions of the sample and test specimens (if
into the indentations, of the textured surface(s) to obtain the different than this standard).
local minimum thickness reading. Repeat the above so that a 11.1.5 Loading time interval.
total of three measurement readings are obtained for each 11.1.6 Number of specimens.
specimen. Record only the lowest value of the three readings to 11.1.7 Report the individual specimen thickness measure-
the nearest 0.025 mm or 0.001 in. as the thickness for that ments to the nearest 0.025 mm or 0.001 in.
specimen.
9.4 Allow the full dead weight pressure to be applied for 5 11.1.8 Report the average thickness of the individual mea-
s, and record the thickness value to the accuracy of the gage. surements to the nearest 0.025 mm or 0.001 in.
9.5 Repeat the method for each of the remaining specimens. 11.1.9 Coefficient of variation of the individual measure-
ments of the sample, in percent (optional).
10. Calculation 11.1.10 Any unusual or out-of-standard conditions or obser-
10.1 Calculate the average thickness of the sample from the vations made during the tests.
individual specimen results and record to the nearest 0.025 mm
or 0.001 in. 12. Precision and Bias
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