Igneous Rocks:

Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of molten materials,
such as magma and lava. These rocks can be further divided into two types:
● Intrusive (Plutonic) Rocks: Formed beneath the Earth's surface, they
cool slowly, allowing larger mineral crystals to form. Granite is a
common example of an intrusive rock.
● Extrusive (Volcanic) Rocks: These rocks are formed when lava cools
rapidly on the Earth's surface. Basalt is a well-known extrusive rock.

Sedimentary Rocks:

Sedimentary rocks are created through the accumulation and cementation of

sediments, such as sand, silt, clay, and organic matter. Over time, these
sediments are compacted and hardened into solid rock. Common examples of
sedimentary rocks include limestone, sandstone, and shale.

Metamorphic Rocks:

Metamorphic rocks are the result of existing rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or

other metamorphic rocks) undergoing intense heat and pressure, causing
their mineral composition and structure to change. Examples include marble
(from limestone) and schist (from shale).

Rocks are integral to Earth's geological history, and they can provide insights into the
planet's evolution over millions of years. Geologists use rocks to study past
environmental conditions, including climate, volcanic activity, and tectonic plate
movements. Additionally, the study of rocks can reveal valuable information about
Earth's natural resources, including minerals, ores, and fossils.

Rocks also have practical uses in construction, as they serve as building materials,
and in landscaping, as decorative elements. Collecting and studying rocks is a
popular hobby, known as rockhounding, and it offers a chance for enthusiasts to
appreciate the incredible diversity of colors, textures, and formations found in the
Earth's crust.

In summary, rocks are more than just geological formations; they are windows into
the Earth's history and hold immense scientific, educational, and aesthetic value.