Test - Automation Midterm Ch7 - Quizlet7

11/6/23, 11:35 PM Test: Automation Midterm Ch7 | Quizlet
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Definition Term 1 of 50
*Control of multiple machine tools NC Precision Positioning

by a single (mainframe) computer (Three measures of precision)
through direct connection and in real
time: 1960s technology; two way
communication
*Network consisting of central
computer connected to machine
https://quizlet.com/103398942/test?answerTermSides=2&promptTermSides=6&questionCount=50&questionTypes=14&showImages=true 1/33
tool MCUs, which are CNC: present

technology, two way communication
Excellent!
True False
Correct definition
DNC (Direct numerical control & Distributed numerical control)

respectively
1. Control resolution: distance

DNC (Direct numerical control &
separating two adjacent addressable
Distributed numerical control)
points in the axis movement
respectively
2. Accuracy: maximum possible error
that can occur between the desired
target point and the actual position
taken by the system
3. Repeatability: defined as +/_3
sigma of the mechanical error
distribution associated w/ the axis
You've got this!
True False
Correct definition
NC Precision Positioning
(Three measures of precision)
Approximation of a curved Part Programmer's Job

path in NC by a series of
straight line segments, where
tolerance is defined on only
the inisde of the nominal curve
Give this one a go later!
True False
Correct definition
Circular Interpolation
General Config. Direct (DNC)
No problem. You're still learning!
True False
*Machine operator does part

Manual Data Input
programming at machine: Operator
enters program by responding to
prompts and questions by system;
Monitor with graphics verifies tool

path; Usually for relatively simple
parts
*Ideal for small shop that cannot
afford a part programming staff
*To minimize changeover time,
system should allow programming of
next job while current job is running
Not quite. You're still learning!
True False
1. Program of instruction: Part NC Positioning System

program in machining
2. Machine control unit:
Controls the process
3. Processing equipment:
Performs the process
You're doing great!
True False
Correct definition
NC System (Basic Components)
N001 G00 X07000 Y03000 M03 Incremental positioning

N002 Y06000
Brilliant work!
True False
Correct definition
Word Address Format Ex:
Nonproductive time is reduced; NC Advantages

Greater accuracy and repeatability;
Lower scrap rates; Inspection
requirements are reduced; More
complex part geometries are
possible; Engineering changes are
easier to make; Simpler fixtures;
Shorter lead times; Reduce parts
inventory and less floor space;
Operator skill-level requirements are
reduced
True False
Configuration of CNC Machine

Control Unit
True False
Milling Distributed (DNC) Config.
True False
Correct definition
Common NC machining Operations
*Adequate for simple jobs (e.g., PTP Manual Part Programming Issues
drilling)
*Linear interpolation: G01 G94 X050.0
Y086.5 Z100.0 F40 S800
*Circular interpolation: G02 G17
X088.0 Y040.0 R028.0 F30
*Cutter offset: G42 G01 X100.0 Y040.0
D05
True False
*Machine tool applications: Milling,

NC applications
drilling, turning, boring, grinding;
Machining centers, turning centers,
mill-turn centers; Punch presses,
thermal cutting machines, etc.
*Other NC application: Component
insertion machines in electronics;
Drafting machines (x-y plotters);
Coordinate measuring machines;

Tape laying machines for polymer
composites; Filaments winding
machines for polymer composites
True False
Switching Network Incremental positioning
True False
Correct definition
Distributed (DNC) Config.
*Underlying assumption: no matter Cutter Offset

how complex the part geometry, it is
composed of basic geometric
elements and mathematically
defined surfaces
*Geometry elements are sometimes
defined only for use in specifying
tool path
*Ex: P4 = Point/35,90,0
L1 = Line/P1,P2
C1 = CIRCLE/CENTER, P8, RADIUS,
30
True False
Correct definition
Part Geometry
Organization of words within a block

Block Format
in NC part program: Also known as
tape format because the original
formats were designed for punched
tape; Word address format- used on
all modern CNC controllers: Uses a
letter prefix to identify each type of
word; Spaces to separate words
within the block; Allows any order of
words in a block; Words can be
omitted if their values do not change
from the previous block
True False
Drilling Distributed (DNC) Config.
True False
Correct definition
Form of programmable in which the

Numerical Control (NC)
mechanical actions of a machine tool
or other equipment are controlled
by a program containing coded
alphanumeric data
*The alphanumeric data represent
relative positions between a
workhead (e.g., cutting tool) and a
workpart
*When the current job is completed,
a new program can be entered for
the next job
True False
Definition 18 of 50
Locations defined relative to origin of axis system
Block Format Nc Coordinate Systems
Incremental Positioning Absolute Positioning
Definition 19 of 50
DNC (Direct numerical control &

Configuration of CNC Machine Control
Distributed numerical control)
Unit
respectively
Computer-Assisted Part Programming Point-To-Point Control in NC

Computer Tasks Drilling of Three Holes in Flat Plate
Definition 20 of 50
1. Linear interpolation: Straight line between two points in space

2. Circular interpolation: Circular arc defined by starting point, end point,
center or radius, and direction
3. Helical interpolation: Circular plus linear interpolation
4. Parabolic and cubic interpolation: Free form curves using higher order
equations
Manual Data Input NC Disadvantages
Interpolation Methods NC Creating Instructions
Definition 21 of 50
*2 Types: 1. Open-loop: no feedback to verify that the actual position achieved

is the desired position 2. Closed-loop: uses feedback measurements to
confirm that the final position is the specified position
*Precision in NC positioning (three measures): 1. Control resolution
2. Accuracy
3. Repeatability
NC Applications Characteristics
Tool Path Generation Using CAD/CAM
(Machining)
NC Precision Positioning
NC Systems (Analysis of Positioning)
(Three measures of precision)
Definition 22 of 50
*Bit - 0 or 1 = absence or presence of hole in the tape

*Character - row of bits across the tape
*Word- sequence of characters (e.g., y-axis position)
*Block- collection of words to form one complete instruction
*Part program- sequence of instructions (blocks)
Numerical Control (NC) Interpolation Methods
NC Systems (Analysis of Positioning) NC Creating Instructions
Definition 23 of 50
For flat and prismatic (block-like) parts: Milling and drilling operations;
Conventional Cartesian coordinate system; Rotational axes about each linear
axis; Right hand rule
Nc Advantages Types Of Words
Circular Interpolation NC Coordinate Systems
Definition 24 of 50
Local area network (LAN)
Motion control System Distributed (DNC) Config.
Absolute positioning Types of Words
Definition 25 of 50
Locations defined relative to previous position: ex: drilling
Nc coordinate systems Absolute positioning
Block format Incremental positioning
Definition 26 of 50
*Device for measuring rotational position and speed

*Common feedback sensor for closed-loop NC control
Cutter Offset Optical Encoder
NC applications Manual Part Programming Issues
Definition 27 of 50
Cutter path must be offset from actual part outline by a distance

equal to the cutter radius
Block Format Numerical Control (nc)
Absolute Positioning Cutter Offset
Definition 28 of 50
Where NC is most appropriate:

1. Batch production
2. Repeat orders
3. Complex part geometries

4. Much metal needs to be removed from the starting workpart
5. Many separate machining operations on the part
6. The part is expensive
Specifying Tool Path and Operation

NC applications
Sequence
NC Applications Characteristics NC Precision Positioning

(Machining) (Three measures of precision)
Definition 29 of 50
*Turning Operations
*Conventional Cartesian coordinate system, but only x- and z-
axes
*y-axes not needed in turning
Circular Interpolation Specifying Tool Path and Operation

Sequence
NC Coordinate Systems
NC Part Programming Using CAD/CAM
(Rotational Parts)
Definition 30 of 50
*Higher investment cost: CNC machines are more expensive

*Higher maintenance effort: CNC machines are more technologically
sophisticated
*Part programming issues: Need for skilled performers; Time investment for
each new part; Repeat orders are easy because part program is already
available
*Higher utilization is required
Manual Data Input NC applications
NC Creating Instructions NC Disadvantages
Definition 31 of 50
Two main tasks of the programmer:

1. Defined the part geometry
2. Specify the tool path
Nc Part Programming Using Cad/cam Part Programmer's Job
Block Format Motion Control System
Definition 32 of 50
Geometry-If the CAD/CAM system used to define the original part geometry,
no need to recreate that geometry as in APT: Automatic labeling of geometry
elemets
If the CAD part data are not available, geometry must be created, as in APT,
but user gets immediate visual feedback about the created geometry
Nc Advantages Motion Control System
NC Part Programming Using

Part Programmer's Job
CAD/CAM
Definition 33 of 50
1. Manual part programming

2. Computer-assisted part programming
3. Part programming using CAD/CAM
4. Manual data input
NC Part Programming Part Programmer's Job
NC Coordinate Systems Interpolation Methods
Definition 34 of 50
N- sequence number prefix

G- preparatory words: ex: G00 = PTP rapid traverse move
X, Y, Z - prefixes for x, y, an z axes
F- feedrate prefix
S- spindle speed
T- tool selection
M- Miscellaneous command: ex: M07 = turn cutting fluid on
Nc Advantages Nc Coordinate Systems
Part Programmer's Job Types of Words
Match term to definition 35-50 of 50
Select a term to match it with its definition
*Basic Approach: enter the commands one by one (similar to APT): CAD/CAM system provides
immediate graphical verification of the command
*Automatic software modules for command machining cycles: Profile milling, Pocket milling,
Drilling bolt circles
Tool Path Generation Using CAD/CAM
*Specifying cutting speeds and feed rates

*Designating cutter size (for tool offset calculations)
*Specifying tolerances in circular interpolation
*Naming the program
*Identifying the machine tool
Computer-Assisted Part Programming Other Functions
*Manual part programming is time-consuming, tedious, and subject to human

errors for complex jobs
*Machining instructions are written in English-like statements that are translated by
the computer into the low-level machine code of the MCU
*APT (Automatically Programmed Tool)
*The various tasks in computer-assisted part programming are divided between:
The human part programmer; The computer
*Sequence of activities in computer-assisted part programming
Computer-Assisted Part Programming
Control Resolution, Accuracy, Repeatability
*Tool path consists of a sequence of points or connected line and arc segments, using previously
defined geometry elements
*Point-to-Point command: GOTO/p0
*Continuous path command: GOLFT/L2, TANTO, C1
Specifying Tool Path and Operation Sequence
Continuous Path Control in NC Profile Milling of Part Outline
CNC Horizontal Milling Machine
*Typical motor and leadscrew arrangement in an NC positioning system for one

linear axis
*For x-y capability, the apparatus would be piggybacked on top of a second
perpendicular axis
NC Positioning System
Operates w/o verifying that the actual position achieved in the move is the desired
position
Open-Loop Motion Control System
Turning
*Each of the ten digits in decimal system is coded w/ four-digit binary number
*The binary numbers are added to give the value
*BCD is compatible w/ 8 bits across tape format, the original storage medium for NC part
programs
*Eight bits can also be used for letters and symbols
Binary Coded Decimal System
1. Input translation- converts the coded instructions in the part program into computer-usable
form
2. Arithmetic and cutter offset computations- performs the mathematical computations to define
the part surface generate the tool path, including cutter offset compensation (CLFILE)
3. Editing- provides readable data on cutter locations and machine tool operating commands
(CLDATA)
4. Postprocessing- converts CLDA into low-level code that can be interpreted by the MCU
Computer-Assisted Part Programming Computer Tasks
Point-to-Point system: Also called position system; System moves to a location and performs an
operation at that location (e.g., drilling); Also applicable in robotics
Continuous path systems: Also called contouring systems in machining; System performs an
operation during movement (e.g., milling and turning)
Motion Control System
Uses feedback measurements to confirm that the final position of the worktable is
the location specified in the program
Closed-Loop Motion Control System
Storage of more than one part program; Various forms of program unit; program editing at the
machine tool; fixed cycles and programming subroutine; Interpolation; Acceleration and
deceleration computations; Communications interface; Diagnostics
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Additional Features
Coordinate Axis System for (Flat and Prismatic Parts)

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11/6/23, 11:35 PM Test: Automation Midterm Ch7 | Quizlet

Don't give up now! Trust the process.

Correct 4 46 missed terms

Take a new test

*Control of multiple machine tools NC Precision Positioning

tool MCUs, which are CNC: present

DNC (Direct numerical control & Distributed numerical control)

1. Control resolution: distance

You've got this!

Approximation of a curved Part Programmer's Job

Give this one a go later!

General Config. Direct (DNC)

No problem. You're still learning!

*Machine operator does part

Monitor with graphics verifies tool

Not quite. You're still learning!

1. Program of instruction: Part NC Positioning System

You're doing great!

NC System (Basic Components)

N001 G00 X07000 Y03000 M03 Incremental positioning

Word Address Format Ex:

Nonproductive time is reduced; NC Advantages

Give this one a go later!

Configuration of CNC Machine

Give this one a go later!

Milling Distributed (DNC) Config.

Give this one a go later!

Common NC machining Operations

Give this one a go later!

*Machine tool applications: Milling,

Coordinate measuring machines;

Give this one a go later!

Switching Network Incremental positioning

Give this one a go later!

Distributed (DNC) Config.

*Underlying assumption: no matter Cutter Offset

Give this one a go later!

Organization of words within a block

Give this one a go later!

Drilling Distributed (DNC) Config.

Give this one a go later!

Common NC machining Operations

Form of programmable in which the

Give this one a go later!

Locations defined relative to origin of axis system

Give this one a go later!

Block Format Nc Coordinate Systems

Incremental Positioning Absolute Positioning

Give this one a go later!

DNC (Direct numerical control &

Computer-Assisted Part Programming Point-To-Point Control in NC

1. Linear interpolation: Straight line between two points in space

Give this one a go later!

Manual Data Input NC Disadvantages

Interpolation Methods NC Creating Instructions

*2 Types: 1. Open-loop: no feedback to verify that the actual position achieved

Give this one a go later!

*Bit - 0 or 1 = absence or presence of hole in the tape

Give this one a go later!

Numerical Control (NC) Interpolation Methods

NC Systems (Analysis of Positioning) NC Creating Instructions

Give this one a go later!