Gate Paper Solution - 2007 - 2018

UGC POINT ACADEMY SOLUTION Page.
UGC ACADEMY
CONTENTS
GATE PREVIOUS PAPER WITH SOLUTION
GATE – 2007 TO GATE – 2018
TOPIC PAGE: NO.
GATE SOLVED PAPER – GATE – 2007 2 – 35
27-G, 2nd FLOOR, JIA SARAI, NEAR IIT-DELHI, HAUZ KHAS -110016
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
E-Mail: info@ugcpoint.in Website: www.ugcpoint.in
UGC POINT ACADEMY SOLUTION Page.2
[GATE PAPER SOLUTION – 2007]

1. The eigen values of a matrix are and . The matrix is
(a) unitary (b) anti-unitary (c) Hermitian (d) anti-Hermitian
Soln. Eigenvalues of an anti – hermitian matrix are either zero or purely imaginary
Correct option is (d).
2. A space station moving in a circular orbit around the Earth goes into a new bound orbit by firing its
engine radially outwards. This orbit is
(a) a larger circle (b) a smaller circle (c) an ellipse (d) a parabola
Soln. When fire engine radially outward, its velocity is not perpendicular to radial direction. Therefore new
bound orbit cannot be circle. So new bound orbit must be ellipse.
Correct option is (c).
3. A power amplifier gives 150W output for an input of 1.5W. The gain, in dB, is
(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 54 (d) 100
Soln. P0  150W ; Pi  1.5W

150
Power Gain   100
1.5
Gain in dB = 10log10 100  20dB
Note: For power we take 10 log P
4. Four point charges are placed in a plane at the following positions:

at at at and – at
At large distances the electrostatic potential due to this charge distribution will be dominated by the
(a) monopole moment (b) dipole moment
(c) quadrupole moment (d) octopole moment
Soln. Since, total charge is zero. So, monopole moment is zero.

Also, quadrupole moment, ij    3xik xkj  rjk ij  qk  0
So, electrostatic potential will be due to charge distribution of dipole moment.
5. A charged capacitor (C) is connected in series with an inductor (L). When the displacement current
reduces to zero, the energy of the LC circuit is
(a) stored entirely in its magnetic field
(b) stored entirely in its electric field
(c) distributed equally among its electric and magnetic fields
(d) radiated out of the circuit
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. When displacement current reduces to zero this says that the current in the circuit is will be zero. So, total
energy will stored entirely in its electric field.
6. Match the following

P. Franck-Hertz experiment 1. Electronic excitation of molecules
Q. Hartree-Fock method 2. Wave function of atoms
R. Stern-Gerlach experiment 3. Spin angular momentum of atoms
S. Franck-Condon principle 4. Energy level in atoms
(A) (B) (C) (D)
P-4 P-1 P-3 P-4
Q-2 Q-4 Q-2 Q-1
R-3 R-3 R-4 R-3
S-1 S-2 S-1 S-2
Soln. P: Frank – Hertz experiment was performed to identify energy levels in atoms.
Q: Hartree – Fock method is used for the wave functions of atoms.
R: Sterm – Gerlach experiment was performed to check the space quantization of “spin angular
momentum of atoms”.
S: Frank – Condon principle was given for the electronic excitation of molecules.
Correct option is (a).
7. The wave function of a particle, moving in a one-dimensional time-independent potential , is given

iax b
by ( x)  e , where a and b are constants. The means that the potential is of the form
(a) V ( x )  x (b) V ( x)  x 2
(c) V ( x)  0 (d) V ( x)  e ax
Soln.  ( x)  eiax b  eb eiax  A eiax
This is wavefunction of free particle. So, V ( x)  0
8. The D1 and D2 lines of Na (3 2 P1/2  3 2 S1/2 ,3 2 P3/2  3 2 S1/2 ) will split on the application of a weak
magnetic field into
(a) 4 and 6 lines respectively (b) 3 lines each
(c) 6 and 4 lines respectively (d) 6 lines each
Soln. In weak magnetic field (Anomalous Zeeman effect), selection rules are
M J  0, 1, (M J  0  0,if  J  0). Thus, D1 and D2 will give 4 and 6 transitions.
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
9. In a He-He laser, the laser transition takes place in

(a) He only (b) Ne only
(c) Ne first, then in He (d) He first then in Ne
Soln. In a He – Ne laser (Four level laser), the population inversion is achieved by electric discharge He atoms
help in achieving a population inversion in the Ne atoms. Thus, the laser transition takes place in Ne
only.
Correct option is (b).
10. The partition function of a single gas molecule is ZThe partition function of N such non-interacting gas
molecules is then given by
( Z ) N ( Z ) N
(b)  Z 
N
(a) (c) N ( Z ) (d)
N! N
Soln. If we take classical approach, the gas molecules taken to be distinguishable. Hence,
Z N   Za 
N
But if take semi – classical approach, the gas molecules are taken to be indistinguishable.
Z 
N
Therefore, Z N  
N!
Correct option is (a) or (b).
11. A solid superconductor is placed in an external magnetic field and then cooled below its critical
temperature. The superconductor
(a) retains its magnetic flux because the surface current supports it
(b) expels out its magnetic flux because it behaves like a paramagnetic material
(c) expels out its magnetic flux because it behaves like an anti-ferromagnetic material
(d) expels out its magnetic flux because the surface current induces a field in the direction opposite to the
applied magnetic field
Soln. According to Meissner effect, the superconductor expels out its magnetic flux because the surface current
induces a field in the direction opposite to the applied magnetic field and it behaves like a perfect
diamagnetic
12. A particle with energy E is in a time-independent double well potential as shown in the figure. Which of
the following statements about the particle is not correct?
(a) The particle will always be in a bound state

(b) The probability of finding the particle in one well will
be time-dependent
(c) The particle will be confined to any one of the wells
(d) The particle can tunnel from one well to the other and back
Soln. Since, potential is time independent, therefore the probability of finding the particle in one well will be
time independent.
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
13. It is necessary to apply quantum statistics to a system of particle if

(a) there is substantial overlap between the wave function of the particles
(b) the mean free path of the particles is comparable to the inter-particle separation
(c) the particle have identical mass and charge
(d) the particles are interacting
Soln. The quantum statistics applies when the de – Broglie wavelength of the particles (or associated with the
particles) is comparable to the size of the particles. Under this condition, their wave functions start
overlapping.
14. When liquid oxygen is poured down close to a strong bar magnet, the oxygen stream is
(a) repelled towards the lower field because it is diamagnetic
(b) attracted towards the higher field because it is diamagnetic
(c) repelled towards the lower field because it is paramagnetic
(d) attracted towards the higher field because it is paramagnetic
Soln. Electron configuration of oxygen, O8 :1s 2 2s 2 2 p 4

So, it has two free electron in the outer shell
So, it will be attracted towards the higher field because it is paramagnetic
15. Fission fragments are generally radioactive as

(a) they have excess of neutrons
(b) they have excess of protons
(c) they are products of radioactive nuclides
(d) their total kinetic energy is of the order of 200 MeV
Soln. Since, number of neutron increases in comparision to number of protons with atomic number i.e. (N – Z)
increases with Z. for the radioactive elements like 92U 235 and 92U 238 , (N – Z) values are 51 and 54
respectively. When a uranium nucleus, under goes fission fragments (Kr and Ba) generally contain many
neutrons.
16. In a typical transistor the doping concentrations in emitter, base and collector regions are CE , CB
and CC respectively. These satisfy the relation,
(a) CE  CC  CB (b) CE  CB  CC (c) CC  CB  CE (d) CE  CC  CB
Soln. N  NC  N B
As per manufacturing of BJT doping of emitter > collector > base.
17. The allowed states for He configuration are

1 3 1 3 1 3
(a) S0 , S1 , P1 , P0,1,2 , D2 and D1,2,3 (b) 1 S0 , 3 P0,1,2 and 1 D2
(c) 1 P1 and 3 P0,1,2 (d) 1 S 0 and 1 P1
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. For He(2 p2 ) configuration, we have two tow equivalent electrons in 2 p 2 state.
1
Thus, For one electron, l1  1, s1 
2
1
For one electron, l2  1, s2 
2
Thus, possible values of s and l are:
1 1 1 1
s  s1  s2 , s1  s2  1,....., ( s1  s2 )     ,     0,1
2 2 2 2
Multiplicity (2s  1)  1,3 and
l  l1  l2 , l1  l2  1,......., (l1  l2 )  1  1 , 1  1  1,......, (1  1)  0,1, 2 (S, P, D, states)
Thus, in total we have six terms, three singlet and three triplet terms.
All these terms are even because the configuration 2 p 2 is even ( l  1  1  2). we can write these terms
as 1S , 1 P, 1 D, 3S , 3 P, 3 D
To take into account spin – orbit interaction, let us combine L and S to form J.
Now, J  L  S ,.......( L  S ).
For single terms, we have for triplet terms, we have
S  0 S  1
 ; J  0; 1S0  ; J  1; 3S1
L  0 L  0
S  0 S  1
 ; J  1; 1P1  ; J  2,1, 0; 3 P0,1,2
L  1 L  1
S  0 S  1
 ; J  2; 1D2  ; J  3, 2,1; 3 D1,2,3
L  2 L  2
For the equivalent electrons (according Hund’s rule), terms 1P1 , 3S1 , 3 D1,2,3 will not be present and terms
1
S 0 , 1D2 , 3 P0,1,2 will be present.
18. The energy levels of a particle of mass in a potential of the form
are given, in terms of quantum number by

(a) (b) (c) (d)
Soln. For the given potential,

 ( x)  0 for x  0 and  ( x)  0 for x  0 . For the sake of continuity at x  0
 ( x) should be zero at x  0
The normalized wavefunction of a particle moving under a linear harmonic oscillator potential is given
by
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
 2 x 2
m
 n  Ae 2
H n ( x) (Where,  2  )
 n ( x  0) Will be non – zero for n  0, 2, 4, 6.......... and will be zero 1,3,5, 7........ So, possible values of
‘n’ is odd.
The energy eigenvalues of the particle will be
 1  3
En   2n  1      2n   
 2  2
19. The electromagnetic field due to point charge must be described by Lienard-Weichert potentials when
(a) The point charge is highly accelerated
(b) The electric and magnetic fields are not perpendicular
(c) The point charge is moving with velocity close to that of light
(d) The calculation is done for radiation zone, i.e. far away from the charge
20. The strangeness quantum number is conserved in

(a) strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions
(b) weak and electromagnetic interactions only
(c) strong and weak interactions only
(d) strong and electromagnetic interactions only
Soln. Strangeness is conserved in strong and electromagnetic both interactions.

5 4 
21. The eigen values and eigen vectors of the matrix   are
1 2 
 4 1   4 1 
(a) 6,1 and   ,   (b) 2, 5 and   ,  
1   1 1   1
1  1  1  1 
(c) 6,1 and   ,   (d) 2, 5 and   ,  
 4  1  4  1
5 4 
Soln. A    ; eigenvalue equation : A   I  0
1 2
5 4
  0  (  2)(  5)  4  0   2  7  6  0    6,1
1 2
Now, ( A   I ) X  0
 5   4   x1 
     0
1 2     x2 
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
 1 4   x1 
Putting   6      0   x1  4 x2  0  x1  4 x2
1  4   x2 
 x1   4 
So, X   
 x2  1 
 4 4   x1 
Putting   1      0  4 x1  4 x2  0  x1   x2
1 1   x2 
 x  1 
So, X  1 
 x2   1
y2
22. A vector field is defined everywhere as F  i  zkˆ . The net flux of F associated with a cube of side L,
L
with one vertex at the origin and sides along the positive , and axes, is
(a) 2L3 (b) 4L3 (c) 8L3 (d) 10L3
y2
Soln. F  j  zk
L
The net flux of F associated with the cube
 F .d s   .F dV (Using Divergence theorem)
L L L L L L
2y
  dxdydz     dxdydz  L3  L3  2 L3
0 0 0
L 0 0 0
23. If r  xiˆ  yjˆ , then

(a)  r  0 and  r  r (b)  r  2 and  r  r
r̂ r̂
(c)  r  2 and  r  (d)  r  3 and  r 
r r
Soln. r  xi  y j  .r  2
r
  r  r  1.r 
r
24. Consider a vector p  2iˆ  3 ˆj  2kˆ in the coordinate system (iˆ, ˆj, kˆ) . The axes are rotated anti-clockwise
about the Y axis by an angle of 60o . The vector p in the rotated coordinate system (iˆ, ˆj, kˆ) is
(a) (1  3)iˆ ' 3 ˆj ' (1  3)kˆ ' (b) (1  3)iˆ ' 3 ˆj  (1  3)kˆ '
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
(c) (1  3)iˆ ' (3  3) ˆj ' 2kˆ ' (d) (1  3)iˆ ' (3  3) ˆj ' 2kˆ '
Soln. The rotation matrix corresponding to the anti = clockwise rotation about y – axis by an angle θ will be
cos  0  sin  

Ry ( )  0 1 0 
sin  0 cos  
 x '  cos 60 0  sin 60  

 2  1  3  
 y '   0    
   1 0  3    3 
 z '  cos 60 0  
 sin 60   2   1  3 
 
25. The contour integral is to be evaluated on a circle of radius centred at the origin. It will have
contribution only from the points
1 i 1 i
(a) a and  a (b) ia and ia
2 2
1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i
(c) ia, ia, a and  a (d) a,  a, a and  a
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
Soln. f ( z )  has simple poles at z  ia
z  a2
2

s 1
26. Inverse Laplace transition of 2 is
s 4
1 1
(a) cos 2 x  sin 2 x (b) cos x  sin x
2 2
1 1
(c) cosh x  sinh x (d) cosh 2 x  sinh 2 x
2 2
 s 1   s  1 1  2  1
Soln. L1  2   L1  2 2
 L  2 2
 cosh 2 x  sinh 2 x
s  4 s 2  2 s 2  2
27. The points, where the series solution of the Legendre differential equation
d2y dy 3  3 
(1  x 2 ) 2  2 x    1 y  0
dx dx 2  2 
will diverge, are located at
3 5
(a) 0 and 1 (b) 0 and -1 (c) -1 and 1 (d) and
2 2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. The solution of Legendre differential equation will be

y  APn ( x)  BQ n ( x)
Where Pn ( x) is Legendre Polynomial of order ‘n’ and Qn ( x) is Legendre function of second kind and
given by
1  1 x 
Q0 ( x)  n  
2  1 x 
x  1 x 
Q1 ( x)  n   1
2  1 x 
This shows that, Qn ( x) will diverge at x  1.
dy
28. Solution of the differential equation x  y  x 4 , with the boundary condition that y  1, at x  1 is
dx
4
x 4x 4 x4 1 x4 4
(a) y  5x4  4 (b) y   (c) y   (d) y  
5 5 5 5x 5 5x
dy dy y
Soln. x  y  x4    x3
dx dx x
I .F .  e
dx / x
 eln x  x
x5
Solution will be xy   x3 xdx  xy  c
5
4
Putting the condition, at x  1, y  1, we get c 
5
x5 4 x4 4
So, xy    y 
5 5 5 5
29. Match the following

P. rest mass 1. Time like vector
Q. charge 2. Lorentz invariant
R. four-momentum 3. Tensor of rank 2
S. electromagnetic field 4. Conserved and Lorentz invariant
(A) (B) (C) (D)

P-2 P-4 P-2 P-4
Q-4 Q-2 Q-4 Q-2
R-3 R-1 R-1 R-3
S-1 S-3 S-3 S-1
Soln. (P) rest mass → (2) Lorentz invariant

(Q) charge → (4) conserved Lorentz invariant
(R) fourmomentum → (1) time like vector
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
(S) Electromagnetic field → (3) tensor of rank 2

30. The moment of inertia of a uniform sphere of radius about an axis

passing through its centre is given by
2  4 5 
 r 
3 3 
A rigid sphere of uniform mass density  and radius R has two smaller
spheres of radius hollowed out of it, as shown in the figure. The
moment of inertia of the resulting body about the Y axis is
 R 5 5 R5 7 R5 3 R 5

(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 12 12 4
4 5
Soln. M   r 
3
7  4  r  
5
24 5 
Lyy    r    2   .   
53  5  3  2  
4 5  7  4 5 25 5 5
 r  2   r   r 
3 5  16  15 15 12
31. The Lagrangian of a particle of mass m is

m  dx   dy   dz   V 2
2 2 2
L            ( x  y 2 )  W sin t , where V, W and  are constants. The

2  dt   dt   dt   2
conserved quantities are
(a) energy and z-component of linear momentum only
(b) energy and z-component of angular momentum only
(c) z-components of both linear and angular momentum only
(d) energy and z-components of both linear and angular momentum
Soln. L explicitly depends on t so energy is not conserved

Z is cyclic coordinate so px is conserved
L is invariant under rotation about axis so Lz is conserved
32. Three particles of mass m each situated at and respectively are connected by two
springs of spring constant k and un-stretched length . The system is free to oscillate only in one
dimension along the straight line joining all the three particles. The lagrangian of the system is
m  dx1   dx2   dx3   k
2 2 2
k
(a) L          ( x1  x2  )  ( x3  x2  )
2 2
2  dt   dt   dt   2 2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
m  dx1   dx2   dx3   k

2 2 2
k
(b) L          ( x1  x3  )  ( x1  x2  )
2 2
2  dt   dt   dt   2 2
m  dx1   dx2   dx3   k

2 2 2
k
(c) L          ( x1  x2  )  ( x3  x2  )
2 2
2  dt   dt   dt   2 2
m  dx   dx   dx   k
2 2 2
k
(d) L   1    2    3    ( x1  x2  )  ( x3  x2  )
2 2
2  dt   dt   dt   2 2
Soln. Kinetic energy

T  m  x12  x22  x32 
1
2
Potential energy
1 1
V  k  x2  x1    k  x3  x2  
2
2 2
p2
33. The Hamiltonian of a particle is H   pq , where q is the generalized coordinate and is the
2m
corresponding canonical momentum. The Lagrangian is
2 2
m  dq  m  dq 
(a)   q  (b)   q 
2  dt  2  dt 
m  dq   m  dq  
2 2
dq dq
(c)    q  q 2  (d)    q  q 2 
2  dt  dt  2  dt  dt 
p2
Soln. H   pq
2m
H p
Hamilton’s equation q   q
p m
p  m( q  q )
Lagrangian L  qq  H
p2 p2
 pq   pq  p(q  q) 
2m 2m
Putting the value of p form above
m( q  q ) 2
p  m( q  q ) 2 
2
1
L  m(q  q)2
2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
34. A toroidal coil has N closely wound turns. Assume the current through the coil to be I and the toroid is
filled with a magnetic material of relative permittivity r . The magnitude of magnetic induction B inside
the toroid, at a radial distance from the axis, is given by
  NI   NI
(a) r 0 NIr (b) r 0 (c) r 0 (d) 2r 0 NIr
r 2 r
  IN
Soln.  B.d  r 0 IN  B  r 0
2 r
35. An electromagnetic wave with E ( z , t )  E0 cos(t  kz )iˆ is traveling in free space and crosses a disc of
radius 2m placed perpendicular to the z-axis. If E0  60Vm1 the average power, in Watt, crossing the disc
along the z direction is
(a) 30 (b) 60 (c) 120 (d) 270
Soln. We have, I  150 Wm2

1
We know, I  u c   0 E02c
2
1
Therefore, the average power  I   R2   8.85 1012  (60)2    (2)2  3108  120
2
36. Can the following scalar and vector potential describe an electromagnetic field?
 ( x , t )  3 xyz  4t
A( x , t )  (2 x  t )iˆ  ( y  2 z ) ˆj  ( z  2 xeit )kˆ
where  is a constant
(a) yes, in the coulomb gauge (b) yes, in the Lorentz gauge
(c) yes, provided (d) no
Soln. . A    3zy  i  3xy j  3xyk  0 does not follow coulomb gauge

1  4
. A   4   0 does not follow Lorentz gauge
C t
2
C
1
37. For a particle of mass m in a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator potential of the form V ( x)  m 2 x 2 ,
2
 ax 2
the first excited energy Eigen state is  ( x)  xe . The value of is
m m m 2m
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 3 2 3
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. Schrodinger equation,

2
d 2
  V ( x) ( x)  E ( x)
2m dx 2
2
 
2m
 6a  4a x  x e
2 2  ax 2
 V ( x) x e ax 
3
2
 x e ax
6 2 a 2a 2 2 x 2 1 3
    m 2 x 2  
2m m 2 2
Comparing the coefficient of x 2 from both sides,
m
a
2
38. If  x, p   i the value of  x3 , p  is

(a) 2i x 2 (b) 2i x 2 (c) 3i x 2 (d) 3i x 2
Soln. We have  x, p   i
  x3 , p    xn , p   nxn1  x, p 
 3 x 2  x, p   3 x 2i  3i x 2
39. There are only three bound states for a particle of mass m in a one dimensional potential well of the form
shown in the figure. The depth V0 of the potential satisfies
2 2 2 9 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
(a)  V0  (b)  V0 
ma 2 2ma 2 ma 2 ma 2
2 2 2 8 2 2 2 2 2 50 2
(c)  V0  (d)  V0 
ma 2 ma 2 ma 2 ma 2
3
Soln. There will be only three bound state if   R 
2
9 2
  R  2 2
4
mV0 a 2
9 2
 2  
2 2 4
2 2 2
9 2 2
  V 0 
ma02 2ma02
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
40. An atomic state of hydrogen is represented by the following wave function

3/2
1 1  r   r /2 a0
 (r ,  ,  )    1  e cos 
2  a0   2a0 
Where a0 is a constant. The quantum numbers of the state are
(a)  0, m  0, n  1 (b)  1, m  1, n  2
(c)  1, m  0, n  2 (d)  2, m  0, n  3
3/2
1 1  r   r /2 a0
Soln.  (r , ,  )    1  e cos 
2  a0   2a0 
r r
 
Compare the e 2 a0 with e na0 . We can say n = 2
Since, there are only one cosine term so  2
Since, there are no term containing  , so m  0
So, the state is 2 p.
41. Three operators X, Y and Z satisfy the commutation relations
 X , Y   i Z , Y , Z   i X and  Z , X   i Y
The set of all possible Eigen values of the operator Z, in units of is
1 3 5 
(a) 0, 1, 2, 3....... (b)  ,1, , 2, 
2 2 2
 1 3 5   1 1
(c) 0,  , 1,  , 2,  ...... (d)   ,  
 2 2 2   2 2
Soln.  X , Y   i Z ,  Y, Z  i X and  Z, X   i Y
Since, component of total angular moment follow the above relation
 J z , JY   i J z ,  JY , J Z   i J x ,  J z , J x   i J z
1 3
So, z operator is behaving like Jz and it has eigen values mJ where m j  0,  , 1,  .........
2 2
42. A heat pump working on the Carnot cycle maintains the inside temperature of a house at 22 oC by
supplying 450 kJs-1. If the outside temperature is 0oC, the heat taken, in kJs-1, from the outside air is
approximately
(a) 487 (b) 470 (c) 467 (d) 417
Soln. Given : T1  0 C  273K , Q1  ? and T2  22 C  295K , Q2  450 KJs 1

Q Q
Using 1  2 , we have
T1 T2
T 273
 Q1  1  Q2   450  417 kJs 1
T2 295
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
43. The vapour pressure p (in mm of Hg) of a solid, at temperature T, is expressed by ln p  23  3863 / T and
that of its liquid phase by ln p  19  3063 / T . The triple point (in Kelvin) of the material is
(a) 185 (b) 190 (c) 195 (d) 200
Soln. At triplet point, vapour pressure of a solid phase gets equal to that of liquid phase.
3863 3063 800
 23   19    4  T  200K
T T T
a
44. The free energy for a photon gas is given by F     VT 4 , where is a constant. The entropy S and the
3
pressure P of the photon gas are
4 a 1 4a
(a) S  aVT 3 , P  T 4 (b) S  aVT 4 , P  T 3
3 3 3 3
4 a 1 4a
(c) S  aVT 4 , P  T 3 (d) S  aVT 3 , P  T 4
3 3 3 3
a
Soln. Given : F     VT 4
3
 F  4a 3
The entropy is S      VT
 T V 3
 F  a 4
And the pressure is P      T
 V T 3
45. A system has energy level E0 ,2E0 ,3E0 ......., where the excited states are triply degenerate. Four non-
interacting bosons are placed in this system. If the total energy of these bosons is 5E 0 , the number of
microstates is
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
Soln. Given : Every excited state is 3 – fold degenerate
The possible states where the total energy is 5E0 are as follows
So number of possible are three.

Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
46. In accordance with the selection rules for electric dipole transitions, the 4 3P1 state of helium can decay by
photon emission to the states
(a) 2 1S0 ,2 1P1 and 3 1D2 (b) 3 1P1 ,3 1D 2 and 3 1S0
(c) 3 3P2 ,3 3D3 and 3 3 P0 (d) 2 3S1 ,3 3D2 and 3 3D1
Soln. For Helium : 4 3 P1

For the electric dipole transition,   1 i.e. the parity must change. Since the parities are determined
by (1)t , the transitions corresponding to   0, 2, 4,.... are not allowed, because in these cases the
parities of the initial and the final eigen function would be the same. The transitions allowed by parity are
  1, 3, 5,....
The selection rule m  0, 1 disallowers the transitions   3, 5,.... because then m may be
greater than 1. Hence, the selection rule for is   1. Out of these four options, only option (d)
corresponds to   1.
47. If an atom is in the 3 D 3 state, the angle between its orbital and spin angular momentum vectors (L and
S ) is
1 2 1 3
(a) cos 1 (b) cos 1 (c) cos1 (d) cos 1
3 3 2 2
Soln. For 3 D3 state, L  2, J  3, 2S  1  3  S  1

The angle between the orbital and spin angular momentum can be calculated using formula,
J ( J  1)  L( L  1)  S (S  1)
 
cos   cos L.S 
2 L( L  1). 2 S(S 1)
3(3  1)   2(2  1)  1(1  1) 

2 2(2  1). 1(1  1)
12  (6  2) 4 1
  
2  6. 2 2  2 3 3
 1 
 
   cos 1 L.S  cos 1 
 3

48. The hyperfine structure of Na (3 2 P3/2 ) with nuclear spin I  3 / 2 has

(a) 1 state (b) 2 states (c) 3 states (d) 4 states
Soln. For Na  3 2 P3/2  with nuclear spin 1  , we have, J  , 2S 1  2  S  and L = 1

3 3 1
2 2 2
For hyperfine structure,
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Total angular momentum F = total angular momentum of electron + total nuclear spin
 J  1 , J  1  1,......., J  1
3 3 3 3
 F  J  I     to     3, 2,1, 0
2 2 2 2
Thus the hyperfine structure of Na  3 2 P3/2  with nuclear spin I 
3
has 4 states as shown below.
2
49. The allowed rotational energy levels of a rigid hetero-nuclear diatomic molecule are expressed as
 J  BJ ( J  1) , where B is the rotational constant and J is a rotational quantum number.
In a system of such diatomic molecules of reduced mass  , some of the atoms of one element are
replaced by a heavier isotope, such that the reduced mass is changed to 1.05 . In the rotational spectrum
of the system, the shift in the spectral line, corresponding to a transition J  4  J  5 , is
(a) 0.475 B (b) 0.50 B (c) 0.95 B (d) 1.0 B
Soln. The allowed rotational energy

EJ  BJ ( J  1) …… (i)
The wave number of the emitted or absorbed radiation under allowed transition is given by
…… (ii)
h
Where J is rotational quantum number and B  2 is rotational constant.
8 Ic
For the reduced mass  the wave number corresponding to the transition J  4  5 is given by
 h  10h
v  2 B(4  1)  10 B  10  2   v  2 …….(iii)
 8 Ic  8 (  r 2 )c
We take lower value of J i.e. J = 4, here
For the reduces mass  '  1.05 and J  4  5 transition the wave number is given by
 h 
v  2 B '(4  1)  10 B '  10  2 
 8 I ' c 
10h 10h
 v 2  2 ……(iv)
8 (  ' r )c 8 (1.05 r 2 )c
2
From equations (iii) and (iv), we get

10h  1 
v v'  2  1    10 B(1  0.9524)
8 (  r )c  1.05 
2
 v  10 B  0.0476  0.476 B
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
50. The number of fundamental vibrational modes of CO2 molecule is

(a) four : 2 are Raman active and 2 are infrared active
(b) four : 1 is Raman active and 3 are infrared active
(c) three : 1 is Raman active and 2 are infrared active
(d) three : 2 are Raman active and 1 is infrared active
Soln. The number of fundamental vibrational modes of CO2 molecule is three. Out of these, two are infrared
active and one is Raman active.
51. A piece of paraffin is placed in a uniform magnetic field H 0 . The sample contains hydrogen nuclei of
mass m p . Which interact only with external magnetic field. An additional oscillating magnetic field is
applied to observe resonance absorption. If g i is the g-factor of the hydrogen nucleus, the frequency at
which resonance absorption takes place, is given by
3gl eH 0 3gl eH 0 g eH g eH
(a) (b) (c) l 0 (d) l 0
2 m p 4 m p 2 m p 4 m p
eh
Soln. The magnetic moment of the nucleus   g I
2 mp
The energy absorbed at resonance frequency
gehH 0  1
  .H 0  m1  M1   
2 m p  2
If v0 is the resonance frequency, then
gehH 0  1 1  geH 0
h 0  m1     0 
2 m p 2 2 2 m p
52. The solid phase of an element follows Van der Waals bonding with inter-atomic potential
P Q
V (r )   6  12 , where P and Q are constants. The bond length can be expressed as
r r
6 6 6 6
 2Q  Q  P  P
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 P  P  2Q  Q
P Q
Soln. V (r )    ,
r 6 r12
dV (r )
At r  r0 , potential energy will be minimum i.e., 0
dr at r  r0
  P(6r0 7 )  Q(12r0 121 )  0
6P  12 
  7
  Q  13   0
r0  r0 
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1/6
12Q  2Q 
 6P  6  r0   
r0  P 
1/6
 2Q 
 Bond length (r0 )   
 P 
53. Consider the atomic packing factor (APF) of the following crystal structure:
P. Simple Cubic
Q. Body Centred Cubic
R. Face Centred Cubic
S. Diamond
T. Hexagonal close Packed
Which two of the above structures have equal APF?
(a) P and Q (b) S and T (c) R and S (d) R and T
Soln.
From above table, it is clear that, the APF of face – centered cubic (R) and hexagonal close packed (T)
are same.
54. In a powder diffraction pattern recorded from a face-centred cubic sample using x-rays, the first peak
appears at 30o. The second peak will appear at
(a) 32.8o (b) 33.7 o (c) 34.8o (d) 35.3o
Soln. For face – centered cubic sample, t  30 ,  2  ?

For first peak, (hkl) = (111)
For second peak, (hkl) = (200)
Therefore, from Bragg’s law: 2d sin   
2a
 sin    …… (i)
h k 2  l 2
2
2a 2a
For first peak ; sin 1     
h 2 k 2  l 2 1 2 12  12
2a sin 30 a
  
3 3
2a 2a sin  2
For second peak ; sin  2     
2 0  0
2 2 2
4
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
   a sin 2
a 1
Therefore, from equations (ii) and (iii), we get, a sin  2   sin  2   0.577
3 1.732
  2  sin 1 (0.5773)  35.26
55. Variation of electrical resistivity  with temperature T of the three solids is sketched (on different scales)
in the figure, as curves P, Q and R
Which one of the following statements describes the
variations
most appropriately?
(a) P is for a superconductor, and R for a semiconductor
(b) Q is for a superconductor, and P for a conductor
(c) Q is for a superconductor, and R for a conductor
(d) R is for a superconductor, and P for a conductor
Soln. For superconductors,   T graph is
For conductors,   T graph is
For semiconductors,   T graph is
56. An extrinsic semiconductor sample of cross-section A and length L is doped in such a way that the
 x
doping concentration varies as N D ( x)  N 0 exp    , where N 0 is a constant. Assume that the mobility
 L
 of the majority carries remains constant. The resistance R of the sample is given by
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
L L
(a) R  exp (1.0)  1 (b) R  exp(1.0)  1
A eN 0  eN 0
L L
(c) R  exp (1.0)  1 (d) R 
A eN 0 A eN 0
Soln. Conductivity,   eN 0  eN 0e x / L

Consider an elementary length dx.
Therefore, the resistance of the elementary length
x
dx 1 dx 1
dR     L
e dx
A  A eN0  A
L
1
L x
L  Lx  L
 R 
eN 0  A 0
e L
dx  e  
eN 0  A   0 eN 0  A
e1  1
57. A ferromagnetic mixture of iron and copper having 75% atoms of Fe exhibits a saturation magnetization
of 1.3 106 Am 1 . Assuming that the total number of atoms per unit volume is 8  10 28 m 3 . The magnetic
moment of an iron atom, in terms of the Bohr Magneton, is
(a) 1.7 (b) 2.3 (c) 2.9 (d) 3.8
Soln. Ferromagnetic mixture of Iron (Fe) and copper (Cu)

Amount (%) of Fe = 75%; % of Cu = 25%
N
Total number of atoms,  n  8 1028 m3
V
75% of n contributes for saturation magnetization
So, neff  0.75  8 1028  6 1028 m 3
  M 
M  N  tanh  
 k BT 
Graphical solution of this equation is
M kT
m and t  B 2
N N 
m
m  tanh    1 (when it gets saturated)
 t 
M 1.3 10 6
 ;    0.216 1022
N 6 10 28
0.216 1022
 2.3 Bohr magneton
9.27 1024
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
58. Half life of a radio-isotope is 4  108 years. If there are 103 radioactive nuclei in a sample today, the
number of such nuclei in the sample 4 109 years ago were
(a) 128  10 (b) 256 10 (c) 512 10 (d) 1024  10
3 3 3 3
Soln. Given that half life T1/2  4 108 years

Total time  4  109 years
4 109
Therefore, number of half life time   10
4 108
Therefore, remaining number of particles after 10 half life time
10
1
10  N  N 0    N 0  1024 103 radioactive nuclei.
3
2
59. In the deuterium + tritium ( + ) fusion more energy is released as compared to deuterium + deuterium
( + ) fusion because
(a) tritium is radioactive
(b) more nucleons participate in fusion
(c) the Coulomb barrier is lower for the + system than + system
(d) the reaction product 4He is more tightly bound
Soln. Since, tritium is radioactive, therefore more energy releases in (deuterium + tritium) fusion.
60. According to the shell model the ground state spin of the 17O nucleus is
   
3 5 3 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
Soln. For 8 17 , Z  8, N  9

9 N  ( 1 s1/2 )( 1 p3/2 )4 ( 1 p1/2 )2 ( 1d5/2 )2
5
 J  , l  2 (for d)
2
Therefore, parity  (1)2  1 (even)
5†
Therefore, spin – parity 
2
61. A relativistic particle travels a length of 3  103 m in air before decaying. The decay process of the
particle is dominated by
(a) strong interactions (b) electromagnetic interactions
(c) weak interactions (d) gravitational interactions
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. Travelling distance  3 103 m

The time taken by the particle to travel the given distance
3 103
t sec  1011 sec, life time  1011 sec
3 108
Therefore, interaction is weak.

62. The strange baryon   has the quark structure
(a) uds (b) uud (c) uus (d) u
Soln. For   baryon, quark structure is ‘uus’

u u s
2 2 1
Since, charge (Q)  1      1
3 3 3
1 1 1
Baryon number (B)  1     1
3 3 3
Strangeness ( S )  1  0  0  1  1
63. A neutron scatters elastically from a heavy nucleus. The initial and final states of the neutron have the
(a) same energy
(b) same energy and linear momentum
(c) same energy and angular momentum
(d) same linear and angular momenta
Soln. Since there is not loss of energy in elastic scattering. Therefore, the initial and final states of the neutron
have the same energy.
64. The circuit shown is based on ideal operational amplifiers. It acts as a
(a) subtractor (b) buffer amplifier (c) adder (d) divider

Soln.
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
R R
V2  .V1 V3  .V2
R R
Ideal op – amp has infinite resistance so there will no current pass through op – amp VA and VB equal to
zero due to virtual ground concept.
V3  V1
Output same as input. So, it is work as Buffer amplifier
65. Identify the function F generated by the logic network shown
(a) F = (X+Y) Z (b) F = Z + Y + X (c) F = ZY (Y + X) (d) F = XYZ

Soln.
Output expression F  ( X  Y )YZ

 XYZ  YYZ
Hence, F  XYZ ( YY  0)
66. In the circuit shown, the ports Q1 and Q2 are in the state Q1 = 1, Q2 = 0. The circuit is now subjected to
two complete clock pulses. The state of these ports now becomes
(a) Q2  1, Q1  0 (b) Q2  0, Q1  1
(c) Q2  1, Q1  1 (d) Q2  0, Q1  0
Soln. Given Q1  1, Q2  0
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
For J = K =1 output is complemented (Toggle), and Q2 will be toggle when Q1 become from 0 → 1 (as it
is clock pulse of Q2)
So, after two clock pulse output will be 11
67. The registers QD, QC, QB and QA shown in the figure are initially in
the state 1010 respectively. An input sequence SI = 0101 is applied.
After two clock pulses, the state of the shift registers (in the same
sequence QD QC QB QA) is
(a) 1001 (b) 0100 (c) 0110 (d) 1010
Soln. Serial input is S1  0101
Parallel output of 2nd clock = 1001

68. For the circuit shown, the potential difference (in Volts) across RL is
(a) 48 (b) 52 (c) 56 (d) 65
Soln. To find potential difference (in Volts) across RL.
Nodal – Analysis at (a)

V  38 Va Va  76
0 a  
5 4 2
Va  38 Volt
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
69. In the circuit shown, the voltage at test point P is 12 V and the voltage between gate and source is -2V.
The value of (in k) is
(a) 42 (b) 48 (c) 56 (d) 70
Soln.
16  12
ID   2 mA
2
VGS  2 Volt
KVL (1)
 VGS  I D 4  42I1
2  I D  4  42 I1
Pul I D  2mA
1
6  42I1; I1  mA
7
 KVL as per dashed line shown
1
16  I1  R  2  8 Put I1  mA
7
16  I1  R  6
10  I1  R Put I1 value
R  70 k 
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
70. When an input voltage Vi of the form shown is applied to the circuit given below, the output voltage V0
is of the form
Soln.
Equivalent circuit.
Case (1) Case (2)

0  Vin  2.3V 2.3V  Vi  12V
Diode – ON Diode – OFF
Case – (3)
Vm  0
Diode – ON
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Note: When the diode is upward direction the signal will transmitted above the reference voltage minus
cut in voltage of diode (V  0.7) (Pulse minus depend on polarity of reference voltage).
Common Data Questions
Common Data for Question 71, 72, 73
A particle of mass m is confined in the ground state of a one-dimensional box, extending from
to
x
. The wave function of the particle in this state is ( x)   0 cos , where  0 is a constant.
4L
71. The normalization factor  0 of this wave function is
2 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
L 4L 2L L
x
Soln.  ( x)   0 cos (2L  x  2L)
4L
Normalization condition:
2L
  dx  1
2
2 L

2 2L
2L
x   x
   cos dx  1  1  cos 2L  dx  1
2 2
2 L
4L 2 2 L
 x
2L
  sin 
2
1 1
 4L   4L   1     0 
2
2   / 2L  2L 2L
  2 L
72. The energy eigen-value corresponding to this state is

2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2mL2 4mL2 16mL2 32mL2
Soln. The energy of the ground state will be
2
2
2
2
E1  
2m(4 L)2 32mL2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
73. The expectation value of p 2 (p is the momentum operator) in this state is

2
2
2
2
2
2
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
32L2 16L2 16L2
Soln. The expectation value of

2
2 2
2
P 2  E 2 m  2m  
32mL2 16 L2
Common Data for Questions 74, 75

The Frenel relations between the amplitudes of incident and reflected electromagnetic waves at an
interface
Between air and a dielectric of refractive index μ , are
cos r   cos i incident  cos r  cos i incident
E||reflected  E|| Ereflected  E
cos r   cos i and  cos r  cos i
The subscripts || and  refer to polarization, parallel and normal to the plane of incidence respectively.
Here, I and r are the angles of incidence and refraction respectively.
74. The condition for the reflected ray to be completely polarized is

(a)  cos i  cos r (b) cos i   cos r
(c)  cos i   cos r (d) cos i   cos r
Soln. When the incident angle i is become (i p ) Brewster angle then the reflected light is completely polarized
 E reflected  0
 cos r   cos i  0
  cos i  cos r
75. For normal incidence at an air-glass interface with   1.5 the fraction of energy reflected is given by
(a) 0.40 (b) 0.20 (c) 0.16 (d) 0.04
Soln. We know that

2
 n n 
R   1 2  for normal incidence
 n1  n2 
 1  1.5   0.5 
2 2
1
      0.04
 1  1.5   2.5  25
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Linked Answer Questions Q.76 to Q.85 carry two marks each
Statement for Linked Answer Question 76 & 77:
In the laboratory frame, a particle P of rest mass m0 is moving in the positive x direction with a speed of
5c
. It
19
2c
approaches an identical particle Q, moving in the negative x direction with a speed of
5
76. The speed of the particle P in the rest frame of the particle Q is
7c 13c 3c 63c
(a) (b) (c) (d)
95 85 5 95
Soln. Speed of P in rest frame of Q

5c 2c
Vp  VQ 19  5 63c 3c
VPQ   
V V 5 2 21 5 5
1 p 2 Q 1 .
c 19 5
77. The energy of the particle P in the rest frame of the particle Q is
1 5 19 11
(a) m0 c 2 (b) m0 c 2 (c) m0c 2 (d) m0c 2
2 4 13 9
Soln. Energy of P in rest frame of Q is

m0c 2 m0c 2 5m0c 2
E  
1  vQ2 / c 2 3
2 4
1  
5
The atomic density of a solid is 5.85 1028 m-3. Its electrical resistivity is 1.6  108 m . Assume that
electrical conduction is described by the Drude model (classical theory) and that each atom contributes
one conduction electron.
78. The drift mobility (in m2 V-1 s-1) of the conduction electron is
3 6 3 6
(a) 6.67 10 (b) 6.67 10 (c) 7.63 10 (d) 7.63 10
Soln. We know that conductivity,

  n e
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
 1 1
     6.67 103 m 2V 1s 1
ne  ne 1.6 10  5.85 10 1.6 10
8 28 19
79. The relaxation time (mean free time), in seconds, of the conduction electrons is
15 14 12 11
(a) 3.98  10 (b) 3.79 10 (c) 2.84 10 (d) 2.64  10
 me 6.67 103  9.11031

Soln. Relaxation time ( )   19
 97.93 1015  3.79 1014 sec.
e 1.6 10
A sphere of radius R carries a polarization P  kr , where k is a constant and r is measured from the
centre of the sphere.
80. The bound surface and volume charge densities are given, respectively by
(a)  k r and 3k (b) k r and 3k (c) k r and 4 kR (d)  k r and 4 kR
Soln. Bound surface charge density

 b  P.n  P.r  kr  k r
Bound volume charge density
1 
  .P.r   2  r 2 kr   3k
r r
81. The electric field E and a point r outside the sphere is given by
kR( R 2  r 2 ) kR( R 2  r 2 ) 3k (r  R )
(a) E  0 (b) E  (c) E  rˆ (d) E  rˆ
 0r 3
 0r 5
4 0 r 4
Soln. The electric field at the out side of the sphere

4
4 kr 3   r 3 3k
Q
E.d S  b 
0
3
0
0
 E  0 For r  R
An ensemble of quantum harmonic oscillators is kept at a finite temperature T  1 kB 
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
 1
82. The Partition function of a single oscillator with energy levels  n    is given by
 2
e    /2 e    /2 1 1
(a) Z   
(b) Z   
(c) Z   
(d) Z 
1 e 1 e 1 e 1  e  
 1
Soln. The energy is En   n   ; n  0,1, 2,......
 2
The partition function of a single oscillator is
En  1 
 1 
Z  e k BT
 e  2  k BT
n n
 
 n
e 2 k BT
e n
k BT
  2 
    
e 2 kBT
1  e
kBT
 e kBT  ......
 

 1
e 2 k BT
. 

1 e k BT
   /2
e 1
  
, Where  
1 e k BT
83. The average number of energy quanta of the oscillators is given by

1 e   1 e  
(a) n    (b) n    (c) n    (d) n 
e 1 e 1 e 1 e   1
Soln. The average number of energy quanta are

 1
   n  
 n e  E ne  2
 n e    0  e    2e    3e    ......
n  2 2
n  n 0
 n 0

e   E  1
   n  
e  
n
1  e    e    ........
 2
n 0 e
n 0
 2
 
1  2e    3e2    ......
 n e
1  e    e2    .....
Letting e  
 x, then
x 1  2 x  3x 2  ...... x(1  x)2
n  
1  x  x 2  ...... (1  x)1
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
x e   1
   
 
1 x 1 e e 1
A 16μA beam of alpha particles, having cross-sectional area 104 m 2 is incident on a rhodium target of
thickness 1μm . This produces neutrons through the reaction   100 Rh  101Pd  3n .
84. The number of alpha particles hitting the target per second is
(a) 0.5 1014 (b) 1.0  1014 (c) 2.0  10 20 (d) 4.0  10 20
Soln. Given that, I  16 A  16 106 A

Charge (q a )  2e  2 1.6 1019 C
q n(2e)
 I a  (For t = 1 sec)
t t
I 16 106
 nqa  I  n  
qa 2 1.6 1019
 n  0.5 1014
85. The neutrons are observed at the rate of 1.806 108 s 1 . If the density of rhodium is approximation as
104 kg m3 the cross-section for the reaction (in barns) is
(a) 0.1 (b) 0.2 (c) 0.4 (d) 0.8
Soln. For a reaction, X  x  y  Y or X ( x, y )Y

Where x,y are incident and emitted particles. The cross – section  ( x, y ) of the reaction is given by
Iy
 ( x, y) 
I x  number of nuclei( x) per unit area
Where Ix is number of particles incident per second
Iy is number of particles outgoing per second
In reaction,   100 Rh   101Pd  3n
   
x X Y y
I x  0.5 1014 Particles/sec as calculated in Q.84
The above formula is for 1 to 1 corresponding i.e. for 1x particle 1y should be formed. In this equation
3n are formed.
At which number of   particles hitting the target
I x  0.5 1014 / sec
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
At which neutrons are produced  1.806 108 / sec

Since, 3n are produced
1
 I y  1.806 108 / sec  0.602 108 / sec
3
Now, to calculate number of Rh nuclei per unit area
100gm of Rh possess  6.022 1023 nuclei (Avagadro No)
since, 1 gm of Rh possess  6.022 1021 nuclei (Avagadro No)
since, density  10 4kg / m3  107 gm / m 3
therefore, 107 gm of Rh possess  6.022 1028 nuclei/m3
Now, 1 area × thickness possess  6.022 1028 nuclei/m3
1 area × 1μm possess  6.022 1028 nuclei/area
Therefore, number of Rh nuclei per unit area  6.0222 1022
Iy 0.302 108
  ( x, y )    0.2 1028 m 2
I y  number of Rh nuclei per unit area 0.5 1014  6.022 10 22
 0.2 barn 1barn  1028 m2 
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974

1. For arbitrary matrices E, F, G and H, if EF –FE = 0 then Trace (EFGH) is equal to
(a) Trace (HGFE) (b) Trace (E) Trace (F) Trace (G) Trace (H)
(c) Trace (GFEH) (d) Trace (EGHF)
Soln. Tr ( EFGH  Tr ( HEFG )  Tr ( HFEG )

 aei b
2. An unitary matrix  i  is given, where a, b, c, d ,  and  are real. The inverse of the matrix is
 ce d
 aei cei   aei cei   ae  i b  ae  i ce  i 
(a)   (b)   (c)   i  (d)  
 b d   b d   ce d  b d 
 a e  i c e  i 
Soln. For unitary matrix, U  t  U †   
b d 
3. The curl of a vector field F is 2xˆ . Identify the appropriate vector field F from the choices given below.
(a) F  2 zxˆ  3zyˆ  5 yzˆ (b) F  3zyˆ  5 yzˆ (c) F  3xyˆ  5 yzˆ (d) F  2 xˆ  5 yzˆ
Soln. F  3 z y  5 y z
i j k
  
 F   2i
x y z
0 3z 5y
4. A rigid body is rotating about its centre of mass, fixed at the origin, with an angular velocity  and
angular acceleration  . If the torque acting on it is  and its angular momentum is L , the rate of change
of its kinetic energy is
1
(a)   
2
1
(b) L  
2
1
(c)   L
2
  1
(d) L  
2
Soln. Rotational kinetic energy is given as

1
TR  I 
2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
dTR 1  d  d 
  I   I 
dt 2  dt dt 
1
2
  
1
  I   I    .L  
2
. 
Where, L  I   angular momentum
  I   Torque
5. A cylinder of mass M and radius R is rolling down without slipping on an inclined plane of angle of
inclination  . The number of generalized coordinates required to describe the motion of this system is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 6
Soln. We need two generalized coordinates one tor rotation and the other for translation. However, after
imposing the condition for rolling, one coordinate gets eliminated.
6. A parallel plate capacitor is being discharged. What is the direction of the energy flow in terms of the
pointing vector in the space between the plates?
(a) along the wire in the positive z axis (b) Radially inward
(c) Radially outward (d) Circumferential
Soln. The electric field inside the two parallel plate is along  z and from right handed rule we can say the
magnetic field along  .
Therefore, poynting vector, s  E  H
Therefore. Direction of poynting s   z    r
7. Unpolarized light falls from air to a planar air-glass interface (refractive index of glass is 1.5) and the
reflected light is observed to be plane polarized. The polarization vector and the angle of incidence i are
(a) perpendicular to the plane of incidence and i  42"
(b) parallel to the plane of incidence and i  56"
(c) perpendicular to the plane of incidence and i  56"
(d) parallel to the plane of incidence and i  42"
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln.
We know that at    P
n 1.5
tan  P  2 
n1 1
  P  tan 1 (1.5)  56
8. A finite wave train of an unspecified nature propagates along the positive axis with a constant speed v
and without any change of shape. The differential equation among the four listed below, whose solution
it must be, is
 2 1 2   1 2 
(a)  2  2 2   ( x, t )  0 (b)   2  2 2   (r , t )  0
 x v t   v t 
 2
2   
(c)   i   ( x, t )  0 (d)   2  a   (r , t )  0
 2m x t   t 
2
Soln. Since, the wave train is propagating along the positive x – axis with constant speed v.
So, wave equation will be ei ( kx t )   ( x, t )
2 2
  k 2
and  i  i   2
x 2 t 2

Speed  v 
k
  2
1 2  k2
 2  2 
 ( x , t )   k 2
    2   0
 x v t 
2
 2
 2 1 2 
  2  2 2  ( x, t )  0
 x v t 
9. Let  0 denote the ground state of the hydrogen atom. Choose the correct statement from those given
below:
(a)  Lx , Ly   0  0 (b) J 2  0  0
(c) L  S  0  0 (d)  S x , S y   0  0
Soln. Since, the ground state of hydrogen atom does not depends on the 

 Lx , Ly   0   i L z  0  2 0  0

Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
10. Thermodynamic variables of a system can be volume V, pressure P, temperature T, number of particles
N, internal energy E and chemical potential  etc. For a system to be specified by Microcanonical (MC),
Canonical (CE) and Grand Canonical (GC) ensembles the parameters required for the respective
ensemble are
(a) MC : ( N , V , T ); CE : ( E ,V , N ); GC : (V , T ,  )
(b) MC : ( E , V , N ); CE : ( N , V , T ); GC : (V , T ,  )
(c) MC : (V , T ,  ); CE : ( N , V , T ); GC : ( E , V , N )
(d) MC : ( E , V , N ); CE : (V , T ,  ); GC : ( N , V , T )
Soln. The parameters required are

MC : ( E , V , N )
CE : (N, V , T )
GC : (V, T ,  )
11. The pressure versus temperature diagram of a given system at certain low temperature range is found to
be parallel to the temperature axis in the liquid to solid transition region. The change in the specific
volume remains constant in this region. The conclusion one can get from above is
(a) the entropy of solid is zero in this temperature region
(b) the entropy increases when the system goes from liquid to solid phase in this temperature region
(c) the entropy decreases when the system transforms from liquid to solid phase in this region of
temperature
(d) the change in entropy is zero in the liquid to solid transition region
Soln. P – T curve is parallel to the temperature axis

dP
 0
dT
From clausius – clapeyron equation
dP L S
 
dT T V V
 S  0
12. The radial wave function of the electrons in the state of and in a hydrogen atom is
2  r 
R10  3/2 exp    , a0 is the Bohr radius. The most probable value of for an electron is
a0  a0 
a
(a) 0 (b) 0
2a 4a
(c) 0 (d)
8a0
Soln. Radial probability density of finding the electron
4
P(r )  R10 r 2  3 e 2 r / a0 . r 2
2
a0
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
dP 4  2r 2 
For most probable value of r ,  0  3 e 2 r / a0  2r  0
dr a0  a0 
2r 2
 2r   0  r  a0
a0
13. The last two terms of the electronic configuration of manganese (Mn) atom is 3d 5 4 s 2 . The term factor of
Mn 4 ion is
(a) 4 D1/2 (b) 4 F3/2 (c) 3 F9/2 (d) 3 D7/2
Soln. For Mn4+ electronic configuration is 3d3. To fill 3 electrons
3
 S   ms  ; L   mt  3
2
3 3 3 5 7 9
 J  3  to 3   , , ,
2 2 2 2 2 2
3
For less than half filled ground state is for J 
2
Therefore, term is 4 F3/2
14. The coherence length of laser light is
(a) directly proportional to the length of the active lasing medium
(b) directly proportional to the width of the spectral line
(c) inversely proportional to the width of the spectral line
(d) inversely proportional to the length of the active lasing medium.
Soln. Length ‘L’ of the active medium is related with the wavelength  of laser light by
n
L ......(i)
2
c nc nc
Using c  v    ; L   vn 
 2v 2L
c 1 2L
Frequency width v  vn1  vn   
2L v c
Coherence length   c, where  coherent time
1  2L 
But     .c   L
v  c 
i.e., coherent length is proportional to length of the using medium
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
15. Metallic monovalent sodium crystallizes in body centred cubic structure. If the length of the unit cell is
4 108 cm , the concentration of conduction electrons in metallic sodium is
(a) 6.022 1023 cm 3 (b) 3.125 1022 cm 3
(c) 2.562 1021 cm 3 (d) 1.250 1020 cm 3
Soln. The number of atom in the unit cell of B.C.C.  2. Each atom will give one free electrons. So, the
concentration of conduction electrons.
2
 24
 3.125 1022 cm
64 10
16. The plot of inverse magnetic susceptibility versus temperature T of an anti-ferromagnetic sample
corresponds to
c 1 1
Soln. Susceptibility,     (T  Tc ) / c at T  Tc ,  0
(T  T )c  
17. According to the quark model, the K+ meson is composed of the following quarks:
(a) uud (b) uc (c) us (d) su
Soln. K+ has charge (Q) = +1, Strangeness (S) = 1, Baryon number (B) = 0
Since, the Baryon number is zero. Therefore, we need two quarks. One with positive sign and other with
negative sign. Also strangeness is I, we can take one strange quark with negative sign i.e. S .
Now in order to give it charge (Q) = +1, we should add one up quark u so that its charge become
2 1
    1.
 3 3
Therefore, quark structure of K+ meson is u S .
4
18. An O16 nucleus is spherical and has a charge radius R and a volume V   R3 . According to the
3
empirical observation of the charge radii, the volume of the 54 Xe128 nucleus, assumed to be spherical is
(a) 8V (b) 2V (c) 6.75 V (d) 1.89 V
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
4
Soln. Since, radius R  A1/3 and V   R3
3
For 8  , R  16
16 1/3
and for 54 Xe128 , RXe  1281/3

equation (i) R0 161/3 R03 16 1
  1/3
 3  
equation (ii) RXe 128 RXe 128 8
4 3 4
 RXe
3
 R03  8   RXe  8   R03
3 3
 VXe  8  V0
Therefore, VXe  8V ( V0  V )
19. A common emitter transistor amplifier circuit is operated under a fixed bias. In this circuit, the operating
point
(a) remains fixed with an increase in temperature
(b) moves towards cut-off region with an increase in temperature
(c) moves towards the saturation region with a decrease in temperature
(d) moves towards the saturation region with an increase in temperature
Soln. As temperature increase the  of the transistor increase and as a result IC also start to increase So, Q
point will be shift towards saturated region
20. Under normal operating conditions, the gate terminal of an n-channel junction field effect transition
(JFET) and an n-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) are
(a) both biased with positive potentials
(b) both biased with negative potentials
(c) biased with positive and negative potentials respectively
(d) biased with negative and positive potentials respectively
Soln. n – FET
Hence, both biased with negative potential.

Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
 cos   sin  
21. The eigen values of the matrix   are
 sin  cos  
(a)
1
2
 
3  i when   45o
1
2

3  i when   30o
(b) 
1
(c) 1since the matrix is unitary (d) 1  i  when   30o
2
Soln. Let the  is the eigenvalue of the matrix. Therefore, the eigenvalue equation,
A  I  0
cos     sin 
 0
sin  cos 
  cos     sin 2   cos     i sin 
2
    cos  i sin   
1
2
 
3  i When θ = 30°
22. If the Fourier transform F  ( x  a )   exp( i 2 va ) , then F 1 (cos 2 av) will correspond to
(a)  ( x  a)   ( x  a) (b) a constant
1 1
(c)  ( x  a)  i ( x  a) (d)  ( x  a)   ( x  a)
2 2
Soln. F   x  a   exp  i 2 va 
 F 1 exp exp  i 2 va     x  a 
1 1
 F 1 cos  2 va   F exp  i 2 va   exp  i 2 va 
2
1
 F 1   x  a     x  a 
2
23. If I   dz ln( z) , where C is the unit circle taken anticlockwise and

C
ln( z ) is the principal branch of the
Logarithm function, which one of the following is correct?

(a) I = 0 by residue theorem (b) I is not defined since ln (z) has a branch cut
(c) I 0 (d)  dz Ln( z 2 )  2 I
C
Soln. z  0 is branch point of f ( z ) and will behave like a simple pole.

1 1 ln t
Res.f(z  0) Lt ( z  0) lnz  Lt .ln     Lt 0
z 0 z 0 t
t  t  t
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
i
24. The value of   ( z  1)dz is
i
(a) 0 (b) 2 i (c) 2 i (d) (1  2i )
i
i
 z2   i2 i2 
Soln.   ( z  1)dz     z      i   i   2 i
i 2  i 2 2 
d 2 y 1 dy
25. Consider the Bessel equation (v  0), 2   y  0 . Which one of the following statements is
dz z dz
correct ?
(a) equation has regular singular points at and
(b) equation has 2 linearly independent solutions that are entire
(c) equation has an entire solution and a second linearly independent solution singular at
(d) limit , taken along axis, exists for both the linearly independent solutions
Soln. Consider the equation,

d 2 y 1 dy
  y0
dz 2 z dz
d2y dy
 z2 2  z  z2 y  0
dz dz
This is a Bessel differential equation with v = 0
 dy 
coefficeint of  
Here, 1
a ( z)
  dz   1
a2 ( z )  d2y  z
coefficeint of  2 
 dz 
a0 ( z ) coefficeint of  y 
 1
a2 ( z )  d2y 
coefficeint of  2 
 dz 
a ( z)
Since, 1 is not defined at z = 0, therefore, z = 0 is a regular singular point of the differential
a2 ( z )
equation. The given Bessel differential equation has two linearly independent solutions i.e.
(i) J0(z) which is defined everywhere and it is entire solution
(ii) Y0(z) which is defined at z = 0 and it is singular (not analytic) at z = 0
26. Under a certain rotation of coordinate axes, a rank-1 tensor va (a  1, 2,3) transforms according to the
1 1
orthogonal transformation defined by the relations v1'  (v1  v2 ) ; v2'  (v1  v2 ) ; v3'  v3 . Under
2 2
the same rotation a rank 2 tensor Ta ,b would transform such that
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
(a) T1,1'  T1,1T1,2 (b) T1,1'  T1,1

1
(c) T1,1  T1,1  2T2,2  T2,1 (d) T1,1'  (T1,1  T2,2  T1,2  T2,1)
2
1 1
Soln. v1'  (v1  v2 ), v2'  (v1  v2 ), v3'  v3
2 2
1 1
Consider, a11  , a12  , a13  0
2 2
1 1
a21   , a22  , a23  0
2 2
a31  1, a32  0, a33  0
Rotation in rank – 2 tensor matrix is given as
3 3
Tij   aij a jmT n and keeping the same rotation we can write
1 m 1
T 'ij    aij a jmTim  ai 2 a jmT2 m  ai 3a jmT3m    ai1a j1T11  ai1a j 2T12  .......
3
m 1
 a11a11T11  a11a12T12  a11a13T13  a12 a11T21  a12 a12T22 

T '11   
  a12 a13T23  a13 a11T31  a13a12T32  a13a13T33 
1 1 1 1
T '11  T11  T12  T22  T21
2 2 2 2
1
T '11  T11  T22  T12  T21 
2
1 1
27. The Lagrnagian of a system is given by L  q 2  qq  q 2 . It describes the motion of
2 2
(a) a harmonic oscillator (b) a damped harmonic oscillator
(c) an anharmonic oscillator (d) a system with unbounded motion
1 1
Soln. L  q 2  q.q  q 2
2 2
Equation of motion
d  L  L d
   0;  q  q   q  q  0
dt  q  q dt
qqqq  0
qq 0
This is equation of motion of a harmonic oscillator
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
 8 0 4 
 
28. The moment of inertia tensor of a rigid body is given by I   0 4 0  . The magnitude of the
 4 0 8 
 
1 3 
moment of inertia about an axis nˆ   , , 0  is
2 2 
(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 2 (d) 8 3
Soln. Moment of inertia about given axis is
8 0  4   1/ 2 
 1 3    
 nT In   0   0 4 0 3 / 2
 2 2   4 8   0 
 0
 4 
 1 3  
  0   2 3   2  3  0  5
 2 2   2 
 
29. A hoop of radius is pivoted at a point on the circumference. The period of small oscillations in the
plane of the hoop is
2R R R 9R
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 2
g 4g g 7g
Soln. Time period of oscillation is
I
Given as t  2
mgd
I = moment of inertia about axis of rotation
d = distance between point of suspension and center of mass.
Here I  2MR2 , d  R
2 MR 2 2R
 t  2  2
mg .R g
30. A mass is constrained to move on a horizontal frictionless surface. It is set in circular motion with
radius and angular speed 0 by an applied force F communicated through an inextensible thread that
passes through a hole on the surface as shown in the figure. This force is then suddenly doubled. The
magnitude of the radial velocity of the mass
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
(a) Increases till the mass falls into the hole

(b) Decreases till the mass falls into the hole
(c) Remains constant
(d) Becomes zero at a radius r1 where 0  r1  r0
Soln. Since the force is radial, angular momentum is conserved. If mass fall into the hole, its angular
momentum will become zero. Which will violet conservation of angular momentum. Therefore if will
not fall into the hole.
1 1 p  iq
31. For a simple harmonic oscillator the Lagrnagian is given by L  q 2  q 2 . If A( p, q)  and
2 2 2
H ( p, q ) is the Hamiltonian of the system, the Poisson bracket  A( p, q ) H ( p, q ) is given by
(a) iA( p, q ) (b) A* ( p, q) (c) iA* ( p, q) (d) iA( p, q )
p  iq
Soln. A 
2
1 1
L  q2  q2
2 2
p2 1 2
 Hamiltonian is H   q
2 2
A H A H
Poisson bracket  A, H   ,  .
q q p q
p 1 1 1
 p q (ip  q)  ( p  iq)  iA
2 2 2 2
32. A plane electromagnetic wave is given by E0 ( xˆ  ei yˆ ) exp i (kz  t ) . At a given location, that number
of times E vanishes in one second is

(a) An integer near when   n and zero when   n , is integer


(b) An integer near and is independent of 


(c) An integer near when   n and zero when   n , is integer
2

(d) An integer near and is independent of 
2
 
Soln. We have, E  E0 x  ei y exp i (kz  t )
So, Ex  E0 , E y  E0ei
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
For   n , n  0,1, 2......... it will be plane wave.


So, electric field will be zero times is one second.

But if   n nn  0,1, 2,
It will not be linear polarized light. E will not be zero
33. A dielectric sphere is placed in a uniform electric field directed along the positive y-axis. Which one of
the following represents the correct equi potential surfaces?
Soln. Since electronic permeability of dielectric material  is greater that the  0 . So, the field intensity inside
the material will be increase.
34. A rod length L wit uniform charge density  per unit length is in the xy-plane and rotating about z-axis
passing through one of its edge with an angular velocity  as shown in the figure below. (rˆ, ˆ, zˆ) refer to
the unit vector at Q, A is the vector potential at a distance d from the origin O along z-axis for d >> L and
Ĵ is the current density due to the motion of the rod. Which one of the following statements is correct?
1 1
(a) Ĵ along rˆ ; A along zˆ; A  (b) Ĵ along ˆ; A along ˆ; A  2
d d
1 1
(c) J along rˆ; A along zˆ; A  2 (d) J along ˆ; A along ˆ; A 
d d
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. Since rod is rotated in the xy – plane the direction of J and A will be along 
Since, d  L, so we can consider rod as magnetic dipole, the vector potential due to magnetic dipole as
0 M  d
A
4 d 3
1
A 2
d
 0 r cos 
35. A circular disc of radius a on the xy plane has a surface charge density   . The electric dipole
a
moment of this charge distribution is
  a4   a3  0 a3  0 a 4
(a) 0 xˆ (b) 0 xˆ (c)  xˆ (d)  xˆ
4 4 4 4
Soln. The elementary area on the disc.

ds  rdrd
 Total charge on the disc is given by
 0 2 a
Q     .ds   cos  d  r dr  0
2
a a 0
So, dipole moment independent of choice of origin. So, the position of any point on the disc is given by
r  r (cos  x  sin  y )
The dipole moment,
 2 a
  a2
p   r.dq  0  cos 2 d  r 3 dr x  0 x
a 0 0
4
36. At time t  0 , a charge distribution  (r , 0) exist within an ideal homogeneous conductor of permittivity
 and conductivity  . At a later time  ( r , t ) is given by
 t   (r , 0)
(a)  (r , t )   (r , 0) exp    (b)  (r , t ) 
   1  ( t /  ) 2
   t 2   t 
(c)  (r , t )   (r , 0) exp      (d)  (r , t )   ( r , 0) sin  
     t   
Soln. We know that, form equation of continuity

d
.J  0
t
d
 .J  
t
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
 .E    dt  J   E 
 d  
      dt
 t  

 ln    t  c

t

  (r , t )   (r , 0)e 
37. A non-relativistic charged particles moves along the positive x-axis with a constant positive acceleration
axˆ . The particle is at the origin at t  0 at a distant point (0, d, 0) on the y-axis. Which one of the
following statements is correct?
(a) The radiation in unpolarized
(b) The radiation is plane polarized with polarization parallel to the x-axis
(c) The radiation is plane polarized with polarization parallel to the xy plane along a line inclined to the x-
axis
(d) The radiation is elliptically polarized
Soln. Correct option is (b).
38. For a physical system, two observables O1 and O2 are known to be compatible. Choose the correct
implication from amongst those given below:
(a) every eigen state of O1 must necessarily be an eigen state of O2
(b) every non-degenerate eigen state of O1 must necessarily be an eigen state of O2
(c) when an observation of O1 is carried out on an arbitrary state  of the physical system a subsequent
observation of O2 leads to an unambiguous result
(d) observation of O1 and O2 carried out on an arbitrary state  of the physical system, lead to the
identical results irrespective of the order in which the observation are made
Soln. Since, Q1 and Q2 are compatible variable, therefore, they will commute with each other.
So, Q1Q2   Q2Q1 
39. This question is missed.
40. Consider the combined system of proton and electron in the hydrogen atom in its (electronic) ground
state. Let I denote the quantum number associated with the total angular momentum and let denote
the magnitude of the expectation value of the net magnetic moment in the state. Which of the following
pairs represents a possible state of the system ( μ B in Bohr magneton)?
(a) I = 0, =0 (b) I = ½ , = 1 μB
(c) I = 1, = 1 μB (d) I = 0, = 2 μB
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1
Soln. For ground state of hydrogen atom, 0 s
2
1
Therefore, J   s 
2
q qg
Magnetic moment,  J  gJ J   J  J  J x i  J y j  J z k 
2m 2m  
e
J   gJ J z k (For ground state of hydrogen atom J x  J y  0 )
2m
e e
  2  mJ k  k  B k
2m 2m
Therefore,  J   B
41. A particle is placed in a one dimensional box size L along the x-axis (0 < x < L). Which of the following
is true?
(a) In the ground state, the probability of finding the particle in the interval (L 4, L 4) is half.
(b) In the first excited state, the probability of finding the particle in the interval (L 4, 3L 4) is half. This
also holds for states with n  4, 6,8,.........
(c) For an arbitrary state  , the probability of finding the particle in the left half of the well is half.
(d) In the ground state, the particle has a definite momentum.
2 n x
Soln.  n  sin (0  x  L)
L L
L
The probability of finding the particle between 0 to is
2
2 n x 1  2n 
L /2 L /2
2
P   sin dx   1  cos x  dx
L 0 L L 0  L 
 2n x 
L /2
sin
1 L /2  L  1
  x 0   
L  2n / L  2
 0
42. An inelastic ball of mass m has been thrown vertically upwards from the ground at z  0 . The initial
kinetic energy of the ball is E. The phase trajectory of the ball after successive bouncing on the ground is
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. At z = 0, momentum will be maximum and when z will be maximum then momentum will be zero.
Again when z will start decrease momentum will be start to increase but direction will be opposite. And
since in the inelastic collision. So, the momentum of the ball will be less than the initial value.
43. A system containing N non-interacting localized particles of spin ½ and magnetic moment each is kept
in constant external magnetic field B and in thermal equilibrium at temperature T. The magnetization of
the system is
 B   B 
(a) N  coth   (b) N  tanh  
 k BT   k BT 
 B   B 
(c) N  sinh   (d) N  cosh  
 k BT   k BT 
Soln. The energy of a particle with magnetic moment  in an external magnetic filed B is
 1
  B for s   2 particle
E   .B  
  B for s   1 particle
 2
The partition function of a particle is
 B 
Z1  e   B / kBT  e  B / kBT  2 cosh  
 k BT 
The partition function for N non – interacting such particles is
N
   B 
Z N   Z1  2cosh 
N

  kBT 
The Helmholtz free energy is F  kBT n Z N
   B 
F   N k BT n  2 cosh  
  k BT  
 B 
2 cosh  
 F   k BT  
The magnetization is m     N k BT .
 B T   B  k BT
2 cosh  
 k BT 
 B 
 N  tanh  
 k BT 
44. Two identical particles have to be distributed among three energy levels. Let rB , rF and rC represent the
ratios of probability of finding two particles to that of finding one particle in a given energy state. The
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
subscripts B, F and C correspond to whether the particles are bosons, fermions and classical particles,
respectively then rB : rF :rC is equal to
1 1 1 1 1
(a) : 0 :1 (b) 1: :1 (c) 1: : (d) 1: 0 :
2 2 2 2 2
Soln. The distributions are as follows:
Here we have chosen 1 – state to be the given energy state,

1 1 1
So the ratio is rB : rF : rC  : 0 :  1: 0 :
2 4 2
45. A photon gas is at thermal equilibrium at temperature T. The mean number of photons in an energy state
   is
1 1
           
(a) exp   1 (b) exp   1 (c)  exp 
   1 (d)  exp 
   1
 k BT   k BT    kBT     kBT  
Soln. The photons are bosons and hence follow Bose – Einstein statistics.
The mean number of photons are
1
n  , Where   0 (for photons) and   
  
exp   1
 B 
k T
1
1    
 n  
 exp    1
  k BT  
e k BT  1
46. Consider a system of N atoms of an ideal gas of type A at temperature T and volume V. It is kept in
diffusive contact with another system of N atoms of another ideal gas of type B at the same temperature
T and volume V. Once the combined system reaches equilibrium,
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
(a) the total entropy of the final system is the same as the sum of the entropy of the individual system
always.
(b) the entropy of mixing is 2 NkB ln 2
(c) the entropy of the final system is less than of sum of the initial entropies of the two gases
(d) the entropy of mixing is non-zero when the atoms A and B are of the same type.
Soln.
Since the gases are ideal in nature, then internal energy depends only on the temperature. Furthermore,
temperature of the mixture remains T as TA = TB = T.
i.e., (T )mixture  0
 U  0
Form first law of thermodynamics,
dQ  dU  pdV
 pdV  dU  0
The entropy change of the system is
S  (S )1  (S )2
dQ dQ
 1  2
T T
pdV pdV
 
T T
2V 2V
dV dV
 N kB   N kB   pV  N kBT 
V
V V
V
 2 N kB n 2
47. Consider a system of two non-interacting classical particles which can occupy any of the three energy
levels with energy values E  0,  and 2 having degeneracies g ( E )  1, 2 and 4 respectively. The mean
energy of the system is
 4 exp( / k BT )  8exp( 2 / k BT )   2 exp( / k BT )  8exp( 2 / k BT ) 
(a)    (b)   
 1  2 exp( / k BT )  4 exp( 2 / k BT )   1  2 exp( / k BT )  4 exp( 2 / k BT ) 
 2 exp( / k BT )  4 exp( 2 / k BT )   exp( / k BT )  2 exp(2 / k BT ) 
(c)    (d)   
 1  2 exp( / k BT )  4 exp( 2 / k BT )   1  exp( / k BT )  exp(2 / k BT ) 
Soln. The mean energy is

i Ei g ( Ei )e Ei / kBT
E 
 g ( Ei )e Ei / kBT
i
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
0.1e0/ kBT   .2e / kBT  2 .4e2 / kBT


1e0/ kBT  2e / kBT  4e2 / kBT
 2e  / kBT  8e 2 / kBT 
    / k BT 
1  2e  4e 2 / kBT 
48. Three consecutive absorption lines at 64.275cm1 ,77.130cm1 and 89.985cm 1 have been observed in a
microwave spectrum for a linear rigid diatomic molecule. The moments of inertia IA and IB are (IA is with
respect to the bond axis passing through the centre of mass and IB is with respect to an axis passing
through the centre of mass and perpendicular to bound axis)
2 2
2
(a) both equal to gm cm (b) zero and gm cm2
12.855hc 12.855hc
2 2
(c) both equal to gm cm2 (d) zero and gm cm2
6.427hc 6.427hc
Soln. The wave number of three consecutive lines are 64.275 cm1 , 77.130 cm1 and 89.985 cm1 .
.......... 89.985 cm1
.......... 77.130 cm1 2B
.......... 64.275 cm1
Therefore, the difference in wave number
v  2B  89.985  77.130
h
 2 B  12.855  2 2  12.855
8 I B c
h h2
 IB    gm cm2
8 c(12.855) 12.855 hc
2
IA = 0 ( r = 0, from the bond axis passing through the center of mass).

49. A pure rotational Raman spectrum of a linear diatomic molecule is recorded using electromagnetic
radiation of energy ve. The frequency of two consecutive stokes lines are
(a) ve  10B, ve  14 B (b) ve  2B, ve  4B (c) ve  10B, ve  14B (d) ve  2B, ve  4B
Soln. The wave number of the rotational Raman lines are given by
 3
v  ve  4 B  J   ; J  0,1, 2,3,.......
 2
 ve  6B,10 B,14 B,18B,........
Stoke’s lines is corresponding of (-) values
i.e., v stokes  ve  10 B, ve  14 B, ve  18 B,......
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
50. Which one of the following statement is incorrect in vibrational spectroscopy with Anharmonicity?
(a) The selection fuel for vibrational spectroscopy is v  1, 2......
(b) Anharmonicity leads to multiple absorption lines
(c) The intensities of hot band lines are stronger than the fundamental absorption
(d) The frequencies of hot band lines are smaller than the fundamental absorption
Soln. For vibrational spectroscopy with anharmonicity the selection rule is v  1, 2, 3,...... the
anharmonicity leads to multiple absorption lines. The intensity of hot band lines are stronger than the
fundamental absorption is incorrect statement as fundamental lines are most intense.
51. The molecular spectra of two linear molecules O-C-O and O-C-S are recorded in the microwave region.
Which one of the following statement is correct?
(a) both the molecules would show absorption lines
(b) both the molecules would not show absorption lines
(c) O-C-O would show absorption lines, but not O-C-S
(d) O-C-S would show absorption lines, but not O-C-O
Soln. The CO2 molecules do not have permanent dipole moment while COS have permanent dipole moment.
Thus CO2 molecule will not show absorption lines.
52. When the refractive index  of the medium changes by  in a laser resonator of length L, the change
in the spectral spacing between the longitudinal modes of the laser is (c is the speed of light in free space)
c c c 
(a) (b) (c) (d) zero
2(    ) L 2 L 2 L  (    )
n
Soln. Length of the resonator must satisfy relation L  , where  is wave length of laser light, n is
2
c c
number of mode. Velocity of light in a medium of refractive index  is v     v ,   
 v
where v is frequency of light
n nc n c
 L L v . For n = 1 frequency v 
2 2 v 2 L 2 L
If length L is kept constant but refractive index  is changed from      , frequency becomes
c
v'  change in frequencies
2(    ) L
c c c 1 1  c  u 
v  v  v '     
2 L 2(    ) L 2 L       2 L   (    ) 
  
c   

2 L   (    ) 

Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
a
53. The primitive translation vectors of the body centred cubic lattice are a  ( xˆ  yˆ  zˆ) ,
2
a a
b  ( xˆ  yˆ  zˆ) and c  ( xˆ  yˆ  zˆ) . The primitive translation vectors A, B and C of the reciprocal
2 2
lattice are
2 2 2
(a) A  ( xˆ  yˆ ); B  ( yˆ  zˆ); C  ( xˆ  zˆ)
a a a
2 2 2
(b) A  ( xˆ  yˆ ); B  ( yˆ  zˆ); C  ( xˆ  zˆ)
a a a
2 2 2
(c) A  ( xˆ  yˆ ); B  ( yˆ  zˆ); C  ( xˆ  zˆ)
a a a
2 2 2
(d) A  ( xˆ  yˆ ); B  ( yˆ  zˆ); C  ( xˆ  zˆ)
a a a
Soln. Volume of the bcc lattice, V  a. b  c  


a
2
x yz  .  a2   x  y  z   a2  x  y  z 
1 1 1
 a3  a3
   1 1 1  1(1  1)  1(1  1)  1(1  1) 
 8  1 1 1 8
a3 a3

[2  2] 
8 2
 Primitive translation vectors of reciprocal lattice are

bc
a
2  
a
2   x  y  z  x  y  z 
2


  
A 
a. b  c  a 
 
3
 2
2  a 3  
 .   x  x  x  y  x  z  y  x  y  y  y  z  z  x  z  y  z  z 
 a3   4   
 
 2
2   2

2a 
z  y  z  x  y  x   2 z  y  
 a  a
x y    
2 2
Similarly, B 
a

y  z and C 
a

zx  
54. The structure factor of a single cell of identical atoms of form factor f is given by
Shkl  f  exp  i 2 ( x j h  y j k  z j l )  where ( x j , y j , z j ) is the coordinate of an atom, and hkl are the
j
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Miller indices. Which one of the following statement is correct for the diffraction peaks of body centred
cubic (BCC) and face centered cubic (FCC) lattices?
(a) BCC : (200); (110); (222) (b) BCC : (210); (110); (222)
FCC : (111); (311);(400) FCC : (111); (311); (400)
(c) BCC : (200); (110): (222) (d) BCC : (200); (210); (222)
FCC : (111); (211); (400) FCC : (111); (211); (400)
1 1 1
Soln. For bcc structure: (0, 0, 0) and  , ,  are atomic positions
2 2 2
 Shkl  f 1  ei ( h  k l )  ….. (i)
For odd value of ( h  k  l ) above term will be zero. For even value of (h  k  l ), Shkl  2 f .
Therefore, for bcc structure, reflections like (100), (111), (210) etc. are missing whereas the diffraction
lines corresponding to (110), (200), (222) etc. are present.
For fcc structure: an fcc unit cell has four identical atoms. One of the atoms is contributed by corners and
may arbitrarily be assigned coordinates (0,0,0), whereas other three are contributed by face – centers and
1 1 1 1   1 1
have the coordinates  , 0,  ,  , , 0  and  0, ,  .
2 2 2 2   2 2
 i( h  k )  i(k l )
 Shkl  f 1  e zi( h l )
e e  …… (ii)
From above equation (ii), it is clear that structure factor is non – zero only if h,k and l are all even or all
odd and has a value equal to 4. Hence reflections of the type (111), (200), (222) etc. are present, thereas
those of the type (100), (110), (211) etc. are absent for an fcc crystal.
bcc : (200); (110); (222) 
From the given option : (a)  is correct
fcc : (111); (311); (400) 
55. The lattice specific heat C of a crystalline solid can be obtained using the Dulong Petit model, Einstein
model and Debye model. At low temperature   kBT , which one of the following statements is true (a
and A are constants)
3
T 
(a) Dulong Petit : C  exp(a / T ) ; Einstein : C = constant : Debye : C   
 A
3 3
T  T 
(b) Dulong Petit : C  constant ; Einstein : C    ; Debye : C   
 A  A
e  a /T
3
T 
(c) Dulong Petit : C  constant ; Einstein : C  2 ; Debye : C   
T  A
3  a /T
T  e
(d) Dulong Petit : C    ; Einstein : C  2 ; Debye : C  constant
 A T
Soln. According to Dulog – Petit law: CV  3R  constant …. (i)
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
  e E / f
2
According to Einstein model: CV  3Nkn  E  e  E / f  …. (ii)

T  T2
3
 T  T 
3
12
According to Debye model: CV   4 Nkn      …. (iii)
5  D   A 
56. A linear diatomic lattice of lattice constant a with masses M and m( M  m) are coupled by a force
constant C. The dispersion relation is given by
1/2
 M  m   2  M  m  4C ka 
2 2
  C
2
 
  C   sin 2 
 Mm    Mm  Mm 2 
Which one of the following statements is incorrect?
(a) The atoms vibrating in transverse mode correspond to the optical branch
(b) The maximum frequency of the acoustic branch depends on the mass of the lighter atom m
(c) The dispersion of frequency in the optical branch is smaller than that in the acoustic branch
(d) No normal modes exist in the acoustic branch for any frequency greater than the maximum frequency
at k  k a .
2C
Soln. Maximum frequency of aquatic branch 
M
It depends on mass of heavier atoms, not on the mass of lighter atoms
  1 1 
2C    
  m M 
Dispersion curves for linear diatomic lattice showing acoustical and optical modes.
From above figure, it is clear that optical is larger than acoustical
57. The kinetic energy of a free electron at a corner of the first Brillion zone of a two dimensional square
lattice is larger than that of an electron at the mid-point of a side of the zone by a factor b. The value of b
is
(a) b  2 (b) b  2 (c) b  4 (d) b  8
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. The kinetic energy of a free electron at a corner and center of the first Brillion zone in two – dimensional
square lattice is given by
2 
      2 2 
2 2 2 2
 Ecorner   kx  k y   2m  a    a    2m  a 2 
2 2
2m    
  2 
2 2 2 2
and Ecenter   k   2m  a   2m  a2 
2
x
2m  
The ratio of kinetic energies = b
2
 2 2 
 
Ecorner 2m  a 2 
 b 2 b
Ecenter 2 
 
2m  a 2 
 b2
58. An intrinsic semiconductor with mass of a hole mh and mass of an electron me is at a finite temperature T.
If the top of the valence band energy is Ev and the bottom of the conduction band energy is Ec, the Fermi
energy of the semiconductor is
 E  Ec  3  mh  k T  3 m 
(a) EF   v   k BT ln   (b) EF   B   ( Ev  Ec ) ln  h 
 2  4  mc   2  4  mc 
 E  Ec  3  mh  k T  3  mh 
(c) EF   v   k BT ln   (d) EF   B   ( Ev  Ec ) ln  
 2  4  mc   2  4  mc 
Soln. We know that the electrons density in the conduction band
3/2
1  2m k T 
n   e 2B  e( EF  EC )/ kBT
4  
And the density of hole at the valence band
3/2
1  2m k T 
p   h 2B  e(i EC  EF )/ kBT
4  
For an intrinsic semiconductor the numbers of electrons in the conduction band is equal to the number of
holes in the valence band only when an electron make a transition to the condition band.
3/2 3/2
1  2me k BT  1  2m k T 
   e EF  EC / kBT   h 2B  e EV  EF / kBT
4  2  4  
3/2 E E /k T
 me  F C B
    e k BT
 mh 
Taking log both side we get
3  me  EF  EC / k BT EV  EC / k BT 3 m 
n   EF   k BT n  h 
2  mh  k BT 2 4  me 
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
59. Choose the correct statement from the following

(a) The reaction K  K   pp can proceed irrespective of the kinetic energies of K+ and K
(b) The reaction K  K   pp is forbidden by the baryon number conservation
(c) The reaction K  K   2 is forbidden by strangeness conservation
(d) The decay K 0     proceeds via weak interactions
 P  can proceed irrespective of the kinetic energies of K  and K  , this

Soln. For (a) the reaction K  K  
statement is not correct.
For (b) K  K   PP 
Baryon number (B): 0  0  1 1  AB  0 (allowed). This statement is not correct.
For (c) K  K   2 ;
Strangeness (S): 1 1  0  0  S  0 (allowed). This statement is not correct.
For (d) The decay K 0    ; proceed via weak interaction. This statement is correct.
60. The following gives a list of pairs containing (i) a nucleus (ii) one of its properties. Find the pair which is
inappropriate.
(a) (i) 16 Ne 20 nucleus; (ii) stable nucleus
(b) (i) A spheroidal nucleus; (ii) an electric quadrupole moment
(c) (i) 8 O16 nucleus; (ii) nuclear spin J  1/ 2
(d) (i) U 238 nucleus; (ii) Binding energy  1785MeV (approximately)
Soln. For (a), 10 Ne 20 nucleus is stable ( A = 20 is a magic number).

For (b), a spheroidal nucleus shows an electric quadrupole moment.
For (c), 8 O16
For Z = N = even i.e. even – even nuclei, nuclear spin J = 0 and not 1/2.
61. The four possible configuration of neutrons in the ground state of 4 Be9 nucleus, according to the shell
model, and the associated nuclear spin are listed below. Choose the correct one:
(a) (1s1/2 )2 (1 p3/2 )3 ; J  3 / 2 (b) (1s1/2 )2 (1 p1/2 )2 (1 p3/2 )1 ; J  3 / 2
(c) (1s1/2 )1 (1 p3/2 ) 4 ; J  1/ 2 (d) (1s1/2 )2 (1 p3/2 )2 (1 p1/2 )1; J  1/ 2
Soln. Since, 4 Be9 has Z = 4, N = 9 – 4 = 5

s  p3/2 
2 3
Therefore, for N  5, 1
1/2
1
3
and nuclear spin J 
2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
62. The mass difference between the pair of mirror nuclei 6 C11 and 5 B11 is given to be MeV / c 2 . According
to the semi-empirical mass formula, the mass difference between the pair of mirror nuclei 9 F 17 and 8 O17
will approximately be (rest mass of proton m p  938.27 MeV/c2 and rest mass of neutron
mn  939.57 MeV / c 2 )
(a) 1.39 MeV / c2 (b) (1.39  0.5)MeV / c2 (c) 0.86 MeV / c 2 (d) (1.6  0.78)MeV / c2
Soln. For mirror nucleus 6 C11 and 5 B11

Mass difference between mirror nuclei is
M ( A, Z )  M ( A, Z  1)  M p  M n  a3 A2/3
MeV
For 6 C11 and 5 B11 mass difference is
c2
 M p  M n  a3 (11) 2/3
 a3  [  1.3] / (11) 2/3
Now 9 F 17 and 8 O17
Mass difference  M p  M n  a3 (17) 2/3
Putting value of a3 .
2/3
 17  MeV
Therefore, mass difference  1.3     1.3    1.3  1.336  1.73  (1.336  0.437)
 11  c2
63. A heavy nucleus is found to contain more neutrons than protons. This fact is related to which one of the
following statements.
(a) The nuclear force between neutrons is stronger than that between protons.
(b) The nuclear force between protons is of a shorter range than those between neutrons, so that a smaller
number of protons are held together by the nuclear force.
(c) Protons are unstable, so their number in a nucleus diminishes
(d) It costs more energy to add a proton to a (heavy) nucleus than a neutron because of the coulomb
repulsion between protons
Soln. Since, proton is charged particle. Therefore, it costs more energy to add extra proton in nucleus in order
to minimize the Coulomb repulsion.
64. This question is miss
65. An a.c. voltage of 220 Vrms is applied to the primary of a 10:1 step-down transformer. The secondary of
the transformer is centre lapped and connected to a full wave rectifier with a load resistance. The d.c.
voltage appearing across the load is
22 31 62 44
(a) (b) (c) (d)
   
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln.
V1 N1
We know transformer ratio 
V2 N 2
V1 10 220
  V2 rms 
V2 1 10
V2 rms  V2 rms  22
For full wave rectifier output will be
2Vm 2  22 44
DC voltage, VDC   
  
66. Let I1 and I2 represent mesh currents in the loop abcda and befcb respectively. The correct expression
describing Kirchoff’s voltage loop law in one of the following loop is
(a) 30I1  15I 2  10 (b) 15I1  20I 2  20

(c) 30 I1  15I 2  10 (d) 15I1  20I 2  20
Soln.
Applying KVL at Loop (2)

20I 2  20  15( I 2  I1 )  0
15I1  35I 2  20  15I1  35I 2  20
Applying KVL at Loop (1)
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
10I1  15( I1  I 2 )  5( It  2)  0
30I1  15I 2  10
67. The simplest logic gate circuit corresponding to the Boolean expression, Y  P  PQ is
Soln. Given Y  P  PQ
 
Y  P  P  P  Q
Y  PQ {A + BC = (A + B) (A + C) by distribution theorem}
{ A  A = 1 by Boolean theorem}
Check the output of given option i.e. Y  P  Q
Note: x  x  1
P  P 1 axioms/property
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
68. An analog voltage V is converted into 2-bit binary number. The minimum number of comparators
required and their reference voltage are
 V V 3V   V 2V   V 2V 3V 4V   V V 3V 
(a) 3,  , ,  (b) 3,  , ,V  (c) 4,  , , ,  (d) 4,  , , ,V 
4 2 4  3 3  5 5 5 5  4 2 4 
Soln. 2 – bit “ADC”
Number of comparator  2n  1  22  1  3
Note: (i) Number of resistor  22
(ii) Reference voltage mentioned at point (a), (b) and (c) (using voltage division rule)
69. The following circuit (where RL >> R) performs the operation of
(a) OR gate for a negative logic system

(b) NAND gate for a negative logic system
(c) AND gate for a positive logic system
(d) AND gate for a negative logic system
Soln. [Analysing CKT for Positive Logic]
Case – (I) Case – (II)
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
V1High V1  Low
V2 Low V1  High
Case – (3):
V1 and V2 High
Truth Table
Note: CKT is (+)ve logic – OR operation, (-)ve logic AND operation.

Duality convert (+)ve logic to (-)ve logic and vice versa.
70. In the T type master slave JK flip flop is shown along with the clock and input wave forms. The Qn
output of flip flop was zero initially. Identify the correct output wave form
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Common Data Questions Q.71, 72 and 73
A beam of identical particles of mass m and energy E is incident from left on a potential barrier of width
L (between 0  x  L ) and height V0 as shown in the figure ( E  V0 )
For x  L , there is tunneling with a transmission coefficient T  0 . Let A0 AR and AT denote the
amplitudes for the incident, reflected and the transmitted waves, respectively
Soln.
71. Throughout 0  x  L , the wave function

(a) can be chosen to be real (b) is exponential decaying
(c) is generally complex (d) is zero
Soln. The Schrödinger equation between 0  x  L

2
d 2
  V0  E
2m dx 2
d 2 2m d 2 2m
 2
 (V0  E )  0  2  k 2  0, where k  2
(V0  E )
dx dx
   Aekx  Be kx
72. Let the probability current associated with the incident wave be S 0 . Let R be the reflection coefficient
then
(a) the probability current vanishes in the classically forbidden region
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
(b) the probability current is TS0 for x  L

(c) for, x  0 the probability current is S0 (1  R)
(d) for x  L , the probability current is complex
transmitted current density transmitted current density

Soln. Transmissions coefficient, T  T 
Incident current density S0
 transmitted current = TS0
73. The ratio of the reflected to the incident amplitude AR A0 is

(a) I  AT /A0 (b) (1  T ) in magnitude
 A
2
 E
(c) a real negative number (d) 1   
 A0  V0  E
 
Soln. According to energy conservation
R T 1
2 2 2
AR Ar AR AR
 2
 2
1  2
 1 T   1 T
A0 A0 A0 A0
Common Data for Question 74 and 75:

Consider two concentric conducting spherical shells with inner and outer radii a, b and c, d as shown in
the figure. Both the shells are given Q amount of positive charges
74. The electric field in different regions are

Q
(a) E  0 for r  a; E  rˆ for a  r  b
4 0 r 2
Q
E  0 for b  r  c; E  rˆ for r  d
4 0
Q
(b) E  rˆ for r  a ; E  0 for a  r  b
4 0 r 2
Q Q
E rˆ for b  r  c; E  rˆ for r  d
4 0 4 0 r 2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Q
(c) E  rˆ for r  a ; E  0 for a  r  b
4 0 r 2
2Q
E  0 for b  r  c; E  rˆ for r  d
4 0 r 2
(d) E  0 for r  a; E  0 for a  r  b
Q 2Q
E rˆ for b  r  c; E  rˆ for r  d
4 0 r 2
4 0 r 2
Soln. Since, charge remain outer surface of a conductor.

So, E = 0 for 0  r  a (since there are no charge for r < a)
Also, E = 0 for a  r  b (since there are no charge for a < r < a)
1 Q
E for b  r  c (due to charge on the outer surface of the inner sphere)
4 0 r 2
1 2Q
and E  for r  d (Q charge for outer sphere and another Q induce charge will be appear at the
4 0 r 2
outer surface)
75. In order to have equal surface charge desities on the outer surfaces of both the shells, the followig
conditions should be satisfied
(a) d  4b and c  2a (b) d  2b and c  2a
(c) d  2b and c  a (d) d  b and c  2a
Soln. Since, both surface have equal surface charge density

Q 2Q
  d 2  2b2  d  2 b and c  a
4 b2 4 d 2
76. Which of the following configurations of the decay products correspond to the largest energy of the anti-
neutrino v ? (rest mass of electron me  0.51 MeV c2 , rest mass of proton m p  938.27 MeV/c2 and rest
mass of neutron mn  939.57 MeV/c2)
(a) In the laboratory proton is produced at rest
(b) In the laboratory, momenta of proton electron and the anti-neutrino all have the same magnitude.
(c) In the laboratory, proton and electron fly-off with (nearly) equal and opposite momenta
(d) In the laboratory, electron is produced at rest
Soln.   de cay of a free neutron

X A  Z 1Y A  1 e0  v e
Z
Which is written in terms of n and p as

n  Pev
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
For anti – neutrino to have maximum energy, electrons should produce at rest, as P or nucleus Y will
have almost negligible energy as they are heavier. Energy released Q is always distributed among
electron and v e as their kinetic energies. For maximum anti – neutrino energy should be produces at rest.
77. Using the result of the above problem answer the following. Which of the following represents
approximately the maximum allowed energy of the anti-neutrino v ?
(a) 1.3 MeV (b) 0.8 MeV (c) 0.5 MeV (d) 2.0 MeV
Soln. n  P  e  v
Q Value   mn  (mp  me  mve )  c 2  939.57  (938.27  0.51  0 c 2
 0.79 MeV  0.8MeV
This whole energy goes to v e for maximum energy.
78. The density of states between energy  and   d is

4 L2 m 4 L2 m 1 4 L2 m 4 L2 m
(a) d (b) d (c)  d (d)  d
h2 h2  h2 h2
Soln. The density of state for 2 – D electron gas is

2 p. Adp
g ( p)dp  2
, Where A  L2 and p  2mE
2 L2 2m
 g (E)dE  2
2mE dE
2 E
2 L2
 2
dE
Since electron spin degeneracy is 2 so, we should multiply density of states by a factor of 2.
4 L2
g ( E )dE  2 dE
79. The ground state energy E0 of the system in terms of the Fermi energy E F and the number of electron N
is given by
1 1 2 3
(a) NEF (b) NEF (c) NEF (d) NEF
3 2 3 5
Soln. Total number of particles is


1, E  EF
N   f ( E ) g ( E )dE , Where f ( E )   at 0 K
0 0, E  EF
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
4 L2 m 4 L2 m
EF
 
0
2
dE  2
EF
2
N
 EF 
4 L2 m
Also the ground state energy is

4 L2 m
EF
N   Ef ( E ) g ( E )dE   2
EdE
0 0
4 L m E 2
N E N2 2
 2
 .  EF
F F
2 EF 2 2
80. The speed of the spaceship “Suryashakti” relative to earth is

4 3 9 2
(a) c (b) c (c) c (d) c
5 5 10 5
Soln. According the equation
3 5
( Rate)spaceship  ( Rate)earth i.e.(time) spaceship  (time)earth
5 3
Using time dilation formula we get
(time)earth 5
 (time)earth
1  v2 / c2 3
2
3 4
 1 v / c    2
v  c
2
5 5
81. The rate of a clock in a spaceship “Aakashgang” is observed from earth to be 5 13 of the rate of the
clocks on earth. If both Aakashganga and Suryashakti are moving in the same direction relative to
someone on earth, then the speed of Aakashganga relative to Suryashakti is
12 4 8 5
(a) c (b) c (c) c (d) c
13 5 17 6
Statement for Linked Answer Question 82 and 83
The following circuit contains three operational amplifiers and resistors
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
13
Soln. (time)akashganga  (time)earth
5
(time)earth 13

(time)earth
1 v / c
12 2 5
1 13 12
   v'  c
1 v / c
12 2 5 13
Therefore, speed of Akashganga relative to Suryashakt is
12 4
c c
v ' v 5  8c
Vas   13
v ' v 48 17
1 2 1
c 65
82. The output voltage at the end of second operational amplifier V01 is
1
(a) V01  3(Va  Vb  Vc ) (b) V01   (Va  Vb  Vc )
3
1 4
(c) V01  (Va  Vb  Vc ) (d) V01  (Va  Vb  Vc )
3 3
Soln.
As ideal op – amp has infinite input resistance, so there will no current pass through the op – amp and VA
will be virtual ground i.e. VA  0
(i) Applying KCL at note (A)
0  Va 0  Vb 0  Vc 0  Vx
   0
3R 3R 3R R
1
Vx   Va  Vb  Vc 
3
V V V
V0 1  Vx  a b c
3
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
83. The output V02 (at the end of third op amp) of the above circuit is
(a) V02  2(Va  Vb  Vc ) (b) V02  3(Va  Vb  Vc )
1
(c) V02   (Va  Vb  Vc ) (d) zero
2
Soln. (ii) Applying KCL at note (B)

(iii) As ideal op – amp has infinite input resistance. So, VB & Vy will be virtual short i.e. VB = Vy
Vy  V02 Vy  V02
 0 For calculation of Vy, applying KCL at note (Y)
R 3R
 1 1  V0 V0 Vy Vy  Va Vy  Vb Vy  Vc
Vy     1  2    0
 R 3R  R 3R R R R R
1 V0 V0 V V V
.Vy  1  2 4Vy  a b c
3R R 3R 1
Put value of V y and V0 1
Va  Vb  Vc  Va  Vb  Vc  V02
 
3  3  3
V02  0
84.
We have, f ( x)  a0  a1 x  a2 x 2 and q( x)  b0  b1 x  b2 x 2
f ( x) g(x)  a0b0  a1b1  a2b2
85. Let R( x)  1  x  1  x  0. x 2
If f ( x) is the subspace of V that is orthogonal to R ( x ) then R( x).f( x)  0
Only option (a) follow the above condition
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1. The value of the contour integral,  r  d

C
, for a circle C of radius r with centre at the origin is
2
(a) 2πr (b) r (c) πr 2 (d) r
2
2
Soln.  r  d   rd sin 90
C C
 r  d  2 r
0
2. An electrostatic field E exists in a given region R. Choose the wrong statement

(a) Circulation of E is zero
(b) E can always be expressed as the gradient of a scalar field
(c) The potential difference between any two arbitrary points in the region R is zero
(d) The word done in a closed path lying entirely in R is zero
Soln. Let any two points on the region A and B

We know that,
VA A
Potential difference  dV   E.d r  VAB  E.AB  0
VB B
3. The Lagrangian of a free particle in spherical polar coordinates is given by

1
L  m(r 2  r 2 2  r 2 2 sin 2  ) . The quantity that is conserved is
2
L L L L
(a) (b) (c) (d)  r
r   
1

Soln. L  m r 2  r 2 2  r 2 2 sin 2 
2

L
Coordinate  is cyclic, therefore canonical momentum P  is conserved.

4. A conducting loop L of surface area S is moving with a velocity v in a magnetic field B (r , t )  B0t 2 , B0 is
a positive constant of suitable dimensions. The emf induced Vemf , in the loop is given by
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
B
(a)  
S
t
dS (b)  (v  B)  dL
L
B B
(c)    dS   (v  B )  dL (d)    dS   (v  B )  dL
S
t L S
t L
Soln. Let consider an elementary surface is

Therefore, the magnetic flux pass through the elementary area dS is
d  B.dS
 B
 Induced emf     dS
dt dt
0 i 
5. The eigen values of the matrix A    are
 i 0
(a) real and distinct (b) complex and distinct
(c) complex and coinciding (d) real and coinciding
 i
Soln. Eigenvalue equation :  0   2  i 2  0    i
i 
6.  i (i  1, 2,3) represent the Pauli spin matrices. Which one of the following is not true?
(a)  i j   j i  2 ij (b) Tr ( i )  0
(c) The eigen values of  i are 1 (d) det ( i )  1
Soln. det  i   1
d2
7. Which one of the function given below represents the bound state eigen function of the operator  in
dx 2
the region, 0  x   , with the eigen value 4?
(a) A0 e 2 x (b) A0 cosh 2 x (c) A0 e 2 x (d) A0 sinh 2 x
Soln. For bound state   0 as x  

d2 d
  A e2 x   2 A0e2 x  4  A0e2 x 
2  0
dx dx
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
8. Pick the wrong

(a) The nuclear force is independent of electric charge
 mc 
(b) The Yukawa potential is proportional to r 1 exp  r  , where r is the separation betweeing two
 
nucleus
(c) The range of nuclear force is of the order of 1015 m  1014 m
(d) The nucleons interact among each other by the exchange of mesons
Soln. Nuclear force is charge independent. Yukawa potential is given by

e ar
V (r )  V0
r
Where, V0   z,  is fine structure constant z is atomic number, a is screening parameter. The range of
the nuclear force is of the order of two Fermi according to Yukawa Mesons Theorem, mesons are
exchanged during nucleons interaction.
Wrong statement is (b).
9. If p and q are the position and momentum variables, which one of the following is not a canonical
transformation?
1
(a) Q   q and P  p , for   0

(b) Q   q   p and P   p   p for  ,  real and  2   2  1
(c) Q  p and P  q
(d) Q  p and P   q
Soln. For canonical transform P B Q, Pq.P  1
Q P Q P
i.e. .  . 1
q p p q
Q P Q P 1
(a) .  .  .  0  1
q p p q 
Q P Q P
(b) .  .   .   .   2   2  1
q p p q
Q P Q P
(c) .  .  0  1.1  1
q p p q
Q P Q P
(d) .  .  0  1 (1)  1
q p p q
Therefore, transformation given in option (c) is not a canonical transformation.
10. The Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) of a differential amplifier using an operational amplifier is
100 dB. The output voltage for a differential input of 200V is 2V. The common mode gain is
(a) 10 (b) 0.1 (c) 30 dB (d) 10 dB
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. Given CMRR  100 dB

  CMRR
2V
20log10   100 dB  dB  V0 For differential input
200 V
Ad (Differential gain) = 10000
Ad( dB )  20 log10 10000
Ad

Ac
Ad = differential gain, Ac  Common mode gain
 dB  Ad( dB )  Ac( dB )
100  80  Ac( dB )   20dB  Ac( dB )
20  20log10 A  Ac  0.1
11. In an insulating solid which one of the following physical phenomena is a consequence of Pauli’s
exclusion principle?
(a) Ionic conductivity (b) Ferromagnetism (c) Paramagnetism (d) Ferroelectricity
Soln. For ferromagnetic substance, the specific heat is maximum at TC . Thus correct graph of specific heat
 M s   0 h M s 
versus T is expressed as: CV  2 M s   , where ; M s  N  tan hs  k T 
 T   B 
Thus, option (d) is not correctly shown.

dx
12. Which one of the following curves gives the solution of the differential equation k1  k2 x  k3 , where
dt
k1 , k2 and k1 , k2 and k3 are positive constants with initial conditions x  0 at t  0
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
dx dx k2 k
Soln. k1  k 2 x  k3   x 3
dt dt k1 k1
k
 k12 dt
I .F  e  e( k2 / k1 )t
Therefore, the solution will be
k k 
x.e( k2 / k1 )t   3 exp  2 t  dt
k1  k1 
k3 k 
 x.e( k2 / k1 )t  exp  2 t   c
k1  k1 
k3  k 
 x  c.exp   2 t 
k1  k1 
k3
Putting the condition, at t  0, x  0, we get C  
k2
 k3  k2  
Therefore, x  1  exp   t  
 k2  k1  
13. Identify which one is a first order phase transition?

(a) A liquid to gas transition at its critical temperature
(b) A liquid to gas transition close to its triple point
(c) A paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition in the absence of a magnetic field
(d) A metal to superconductor transition in the absence of a magnetic field
Soln. The first order phase transition involves the concept of latent heat that is needed when a liquid when a
liquid transform into a gas at its critical temperature.
14. Group I lists some physical phenomena while group II gives some physical parameters. Match the
phenomena with the corresponding parameter.
Group I Group II
P. Doppler Broadening 1. Moment of inertia
Q. Natural Broadening 2. Refractive index
R. Rotational spectrum 3. Lifetime of the energy level
S. Total internal reflection 4. Pressure
(a) P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2 (b) P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4
(c) P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1 (d) P-1, Q-4, R-2, S-1
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. P: Doppler broadening gives pressure

Q: Natural broadening gives life time of the energy level
R: Rotational spectrum gives moment of inertia
S: Total internal reflection gives reflective index
15. The separation between the first stokes and corresponding anti-Stokes lines of the rotational Raman
spectrum in terms of the rotational constant B is
(a) 2B (b) 4B (c) 6B (d) 12B
Soln.
The separation between the first stokes and corresponding anti – stokes lines of the rotational Raman
spectrum in terms of the rotational constant is 12B.
16. A superconducting ring is cooled in the presence of a magnetic field below its critical temperature (Tc).
The total magnetic flux that passes through the ring is
h nh ne 2
(a) 0 (b) n (c) (d)
2e 4 e hc
h
Soln. Flux gets quantized in the units of
2e
17. In a cubical crystal atoms of mass M1 lie on one set of planes and atoms of mass M2 lie on planes
interleaved between those of the first set. If C is the force constant between nearest neighbor planes, the
frequency of lattice vibrations for the optical phonon branch with wave vector k = 0 is
 1 1   1 1 
(a) 2C    (b) C  
 M1 M 2   2M1 M1 
 1 1 
(c) C   (d) 0
 M1 2M 2 
 1 1 
Soln. For optical phonon branch, frequency of lattice vibration is given by 2C   .
 1
M M 2 
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
18. In the quark model which one of the following represents a proton?
(a) udd (b) uud (c) u (d) c
Soln. Proton is represented as ‘uud’.
u u d
Since, it has charge  2 2 1 3
Q        1
 3 3 3 3
1 1 1
and it has Baryon number B       1
3 3 3
and it has strangeness Number S  (0  0  0)  0
1 1 1 1 1
I3    
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1
Y 1   1
3 3 3
19. The circuit shown above
(a) is a common emitter amplifier

(b) uses a pnp transistor
(c) is an oscillator
(d) has a voltage gain less than one
Soln. From figure

Input is base
Output is emitter
A ; Voltage gain of common collector is 
Ar (ideally )  1
CC configuration is also referred as emitter follower.
20. Consider a nucleus with N neutrons and Z protons. If m p , mn and BE represent the mass of the proton the
mass of the neutrons and the binding energy of the nucleus respectively and c is the velocity of light in
free space, the mass of the nucleus is given by
BE BE
(a) Nmn  Zm p (b) Nm p  Zmn (c) Nmn  Zmp  2 (d) Nmp  Zmn  2
c c
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. Since, BE  mc 2

= (mass of total protons + mass of total neutrons – mass of nucleus)  c 2
 BE  ( Zm p  Nmn  A)  c 2
BE BE
 2
 Zmp  Nmn  A  A  Zmp  Nmn  2
c c
21. The magnetic field (in Am 1 ) inside a long solid cylindrical conductor of radius a  0.1m is,
104  1 r  
H  sin( r )  cos( r )  ˆ where   . What is the total current (in A) in the conductor?
r  2
  2a
 800 400 300
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2a   

Soln. J   H 
1   4 1 1 
 10  2 sin( r )  cos( r )   k
r r     
104  1 1 
  cos  r  cos( r )  r sin( r )  k
r   
 10 sin( r ) k
4
I   J .d S
a a
 10  sin  r 2 rdr  10 2  sin( r ) rdr
4 4
0 0
 (cos( r )).r sin( r )   cos  a sin  a 

a
 2 104     2  104  .a 
   2
0    2 
a
   
 cos sin  2
 2 104  2 .a  2   8a 104  800
    2   
  2 
  4a   0
22. Which one of the following current densities, J , can generate the magnetic vector potential
A  ( yiˆ  x 2 ˆj ) ?
2 ˆ ˆ 2 2 ˆ ˆ 2 ˆ ˆ
(a) ( xi  yj ) (b)  (iˆ  ˆj ) (c) (i  j ) (d) ( xi  yj )
0 0 0 0
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. We know that.

  B  0 J
 A  B
J
1
0
 
  A  1
0

   2x  2 y  k 
1
0
 
2 i  J  
2
0

i  J 
ex
23. The value of the integral  , where the contour C is the circle |z| = 3 2 is
C
z 2  3z  2
(a) 2 ie (b)  ie (c) 2 ie (d)  ie
ez
Soln. f ( z )  has simple poles at z = 1 and z = 2
z 2  3z  2
Only z = 1 lies within the circle.
I  2 i [Residue of f ( z ) at z = 1]
 ez 
 2 lim( z  1)  2 i( e)  2 ie
 z 1 ( z  1)( z  2) 
24. In a non-conducting medium characterized by    0 ,   0 and conductivity   0 , the electric field (in
Vm 1 ) is given by E  20sin 108 t  kz  ˆj . The magnetic field, H (in Am 1 ) is given by
20k
(a) 20k cos 108 t  kz  iˆ (b) 8 sin 108 t  kz  ˆj
10 0
20k
(c)  8 sin 108 t  kz  iˆ (d) 20k cos 108 t  kz  j
10 0
Soln. We know the relation between E , k , H is
k  E  0 H
H
0
k

kE 
We have,
E  20sin 108 t  kz  j
k  z ,   108
 H
20k
0
 
z  j sin 108 t  kz    8 sin 108 t  kz  i
20k
10 0
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
25. A cylindrical rod of length L and radius r, made of an inhomogeneous dielectric is placed with its axis
along the z direction with one end at the origin as shown below
If the rod carries a polarization, P  (5 z 2  7)kˆ , the volume bound charge inside the dielectric is
(b) 10 r L (c) 5 r L (d) 5 r L
2 2 2 2
(a) zero
Soln. Given : polarization, P   5 z 2  7  k

The volume charge density, b  .P  10 z
Therefore, volume bound change inside the dielectric
Qb   r 2dz (10 z )  5[z]02  r 2  5 r 2 L
26. Let Tij    ijk ak and k    ijkTij , where  ijk is the Levi-Civita density, defined to be zero if two of the
k i, j
indices coincide and +1 and -1 depending on whether ijk is even or odd permutation of 123. Then  3 is
equal to
(a) 2a3 (b) 2a3 (c) a3 (d) a3
Soln. 3    ij 3Tij  113T11   223T22   333T33  123T12   213T21   233T23   323T32  113T13   313T31
i,J
 123T12   213T21  T12  T21

  3   12 k ak    21k ak  123 a3   213 a3  2a3
k k
27. The dependence of the magnetic susceptibility (  ) of a material with temperature (T) can be represented
1
by   , where  is the Cure-Weiss temperature. The plot of magnetic susceptibility versus
T 
temperature is sketched in the figure, as curves P, Q and R with curve Q having   0 . Which one of the
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
(a) Curve R represents a paramagnet and Q a ferromagnet

(b) Curve Q represents a ferromagnet and P an anti-ferromagnet
(c) Curve R represents an antiferromagnet and Q a paramagnet
(d) Curve R represents an antiferromagnet and Q a ferromagnet
Soln. From the given, it is clear that curve P,Q and R represents  versus T graphs for ferromagnetic,
paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials respectively.
28. The dielectric constant of a material at optical frequencies is mainly due to

(a) ionic polarizability
(b) electronic polarizability
(c) dipolar polarizability
(d) ionic and dipolar polarizability
Soln. Optically frequency range 390 THz to 770 THz

In this range dielectric constant of a material due to electronic polrizability.

29. An electron of wave vector k e , velocity ve and effective mass me is removed from a filled energy band.
The resulting hole has wave vector k h , velocity vh , and effective mass mh . Which one of the following
statements is correct?
(a) kh  ke ; vh  ve ; mh   me (b) kh  ke ; vh  ve ; mh  me
(c) kh  ke ; vh  ve ; mh   me (d) kh   ke ; vh  ve ; mh  me
Soln. For hole, k h  k e , v h  v e and mh  me

For velocity part  h (kh )   e (ke )  Vh  Ve
These relations are obtained by using mass and momentum conservation laws
30. In a diatomic molecule, the internclear separation of the ground and first excited electronic state are the
same as shown in the figure. If the molecule is initially in the lowest vibrational state of the ground state,
then the absorption spectrum will appear as
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. For diatomic molecule, internuclear separation of the ground and first excited state are the same. The
absorption spectrum will appear for the transition from lowest vibrational state of the ground state will
appear as shown in figure:
31. Five energy levels of a system including the ground state are shown below. Their life-times and the
allowed electric dipole transition are also marked.
Which one of the following transitions is most suitable for a continuous wave (CW) laser?
(a) 1  0 (b) 2  0 (c) 4  2 (d) 4  3
Soln. In all the transitions given above, the transition from 2  0 is the most suitable for a continuous wave
(cw) laser because the state 2 is a metastable state with highest life time of 10 6 sec.
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
32. Assuming the mean life time of a muon (in its rest frame) to be 2  106 s , its life time in the laboratory
frame, when it is moving with a velocity 0.95 c is
(a) 6.4 106 s (b) 0.62 106 s (c) 2.16 106 s (d) 0.9 106 s
time in rest frame

Soln. Time in lab frame =
1  v2 / c2
2 106
  6.4 106 sec
1  (0.95) 2

7
33. Cesium has a nuclear spin of , the hyperfine spectrum of the D lines of the cesium atom will consist of
2
(a) 10 lines (b) 4 lines (c) 6 lines (d) 14 lines
Soln. The nuclear spin of Cesium (1) = 7/2

For D – lines of the Cesium atom, the transitions will be from 2 P3/2  2 S1/2 and 2 P1/2  2 S1/2
3 7
For 2 P3/2 term, we have J  , I 
2 2
Since, F  I  J to I  J  F  5, 4,3, 2 ...... (i)
1 7
For 2 P1/2 term, we have J  , I 
2 2
Therefore, F = 4, 3 ….. (ii)
1 7
Also For 2 P1/2 term, we have J  , I 
2 2
Therefore, F° = 4, 3 ….. (iii)
Now, for hyperfine spectrum, the lines are shown with selection rule F  0, 1 (0  0)
Thus, these are total 10 lines in the hyperfine spectrum.

34. The probability that an energy level  at a temperature T is unoccupied by a fermions of chemical
potential  is given by
1 1 1 1
(a) (  )/ k T (b) (  )/ k T (c) (   )/ k T (d) (   )/ k T
e B
1 e B
1 e B
1 e B
1
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. The probability of occupied state for fermions is

1
P( )  (   )/ kBT
e 1
So probability of unoccupied state is
e(   )/ kBT 1
P( )  1  P( )  (   )/ kBT  (   )/ k BT
e 1 1 e
35. Consider the following expression for the mass of a nucleus with Z protons and A nucleons:
M ( A, Z )  2  f ( A)  yZ  zZ 2  . Here f ( A) is a function of A
1
c
y  4a
z  ac A1/3  4a A A1
a A and ac are constants of suitable dimensions. For a fixed A, the expression of Z for the most stable
nucleus is
A/ 2 A/ 2
(a) Z  (b) Z 
a   a 
1   c  A2/3 1   c  A2/3
 aA   4a A 
A A
(c) Z  (d) Z 
 a  1  A2/3
1   c  A2/3
 4a A 
1
Soln. Since, M ( A, Z )   f ( A)  yZ  zZ 2 
2 
c
dM ( A, Z )
For stable nucleus, 0
dZ
d 1 
   f ( A)  yZ  zZ 2    0
2 
dZ  c 
 y  z (2Z )  0  y  2 zZ  0
  4aA  2(ac A1/3  4aA A1 ) Z  0
 4aA  2(ac A1/3  4a A A1 ) Z  0
4a A 4a A
 Z 
2  ac A  4a A A  2  4  a A1  1 a A1 
1/3 1
 c 4
A 
(a A / 2) (a A / 2) (a A / 2) A/ 2
 Z   
 aA 1 1/3  aA  aA 1/3  aA  a   a 
  aC A  1   A   1  A A2/3  1  C A2/3 
 A 4  A A  A  4a A   4a A 
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
36. The De-Broglie wavelength of particles of mass m with average momentum p at a temperature T in three
dimensions is given by
h h h h
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
2mkBT 3mk BT 2k BT 3m
Soln. The energy in 3 – D is

3 p2
E  k BT   p  3mk BT
2 2m
The de – Broglie wavelength is
h h
 
p 3mk BT
37. Assuming an ideal voltage source, Thevenin’s resistance and Thevenin’s voltage respectively for the
above circuit are
(a) 15 and 7.5V (b) 20 and 5V (c) 10 and 10V (d) 30 and 15V
Soln. For calculation of the venin voltage (VTH ) or open circuit voltage (V ) Remove RL
Find VTH
15 10
By applying voltage divider, VTH  Volt  V
10  10
VTH  7.5Volt
For the calculation of thevenin resistance
Condition {Voltage – source is short – circuit and current – source is open – circuit}
Equivalent circuit
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
38. Let n and p denote the isospin states with I = ½ , I3 = ½ and I = ½ , I3 = -½ of a nucleon respectively.
Which one of the following two nucleon states has I = 0, I3 = 0
(a)
1
 nn  pp  (b) 1  nn  pp  (c)
1
 np  pn  (d)
1
 np  pn 
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
Soln. For n ; I  , I3  for p ; I  , I3  
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
For option (a), I 
1
 nn  pp    2 . 2  2 . 2   0
2 2 
1  1 1  1   1  1  1 1  1
I3   2 . 2    2  .  2       0
2    2 4 4 2 2
For option (b), I 

1
 nn  pp   1  12 . 12  12 . 12   1  0
2 2  2 2
1  1 1  1   1  1  1 1  1
I3   2 . 2    2  .  2       0
2    2 4 4 2 2
For option (c), I 

1
 np  pn   1  12 . 12  12 . 12   1  14  14   0
2 2  4 
1  1  1   1  1   1  1 1 
I3               0
2  2  2   2  2   2  4 4
For option (d), I 

1
 np  pn   1  12 . 12  12 . 12   1  12   1  0
2 2  2  2 2
1  1   1   1   1   1  1 1  1  1  1
I3   2  .   2     2  .  2     .       0
2         2  4 4 2  2 2 2
39. An amplifier of gain 1000 is made into a feedback amplifier by feeding 9.9% of its output voltage in
series with the input opposing. If fL = 20 Hz and fH = 200 kHz for the amplifier without feedback, then
due to the feedback
(a) the gain decreases by 10 times
(b) the output resistance increases by 10 times
(c) the fH increases by 100 times
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
(d) the input resistance decreases by 100 times
Soln. Given : Gain of Amplifier = 1000

β “feedback” = 9.9% of output
f L  20Hz “Lower 3 – dB frequency”
f H  200KHz “Upper 3 – dB frequency”
fL
f Ihem   f H rem  f H 1  A 
1  A
 9.9 
f I hem  f H 1  1000 
 100 
f H hem  100 times f H
Note: (1) Feedback decreases f L
(2) Feedback increases f H
(3) Feedback decreases gain.
40. Pick the correct statement based on the above circuit
(a) The maximum Zener current, Iz(max) when RL  10k  is 15mA

(b) The minimum Zener current, Iz(min), when RL  10k  is 5mA
(c) With Vin  20V , I L  I Z when RL  2k 
(d) The power dissipated across the Zener when RL  10k  and Vin  20V is 100mW
Soln. Check the value of given option

(a) I zman  15 mA, R1  10k 
25 10
The given circuit zener diode will conduct in reverse bias if V  VBR i.e. VOC   25.72 V
10  1
10
Then, VRL  Vz  10 V . Hence, I L   1 mA
10k  
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
 25  10 
Is  Iz  IL  LL  1mA, I S   15 
 1 
So, I z  14 mA
Hence false I z  15 mA (Given)
(b) RL  10k 
I Z  4 mA
15 10
VOC   13.63. So, VOC  VBR . Again, Zener diode will conduct in reverse bias.
10  1
10 15  10
So, VR  VZ  10. So, I L   1 mA, I S   5 mA
10k  1k 
Here, I S  I Z  I L
So, I Z  5  1  4 mA
Hence invalid I Zmin  5 mA (given)
(c) RL  2 k 
Firstly check dipole is conducting or not.
20  2 40
VOC    13.33V
1 2 3
Since, VOC  VBR
Then Zener dipole will conduct i.e. VL  VZ  10V
20  10 V 10
I S  I Z  I L (Here, IS   10mA, I L  L  5mA)
1k  2 2
10  I Z  5  I Z  5
Hence, I Z  I Z
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
41. The disintegration energy is defined to be the difference in the rest energy between the initial and final
states. Consider the following process:
94 Pu  92 U  2 He
240 236 4
The emitted α particle has a kinetic energy 5.17 MeV. The value of the disintegration energy is
(a) 5.26 MeV (b) 5.17 MeV (c) 5.08 MeV (d) 2.59 MeV
 M 
Soln. Since, Q  T  1  He  ….. (i)
 MU 
Where, MU A of uranium and M He A of He = 4
Where T  kinetic energy of α – particle =5.17 MeV and Q = disintegration energy =?
Therefore, equation (i)
 4 
Q  5.17  1   5.257 MeV
 236 
42. A classical particle is moving in an external field V ( x, y, z ) which is invariant under the following
infinitesimal transformations
x  x'  x  x
y  y'  y  y
 x   x' x
      RZ  
 y   y '  y
Where RZ is the matrix corresponding to rotation about the z-axis. The conserved quantities are (the
symbols have their usual meaning)
(a) px , pz , Lz (b) px , p y , Lz , E (c) p y , Lz , E (d) p y , pz , Lx , E
Soln. x  x '  x   x
y  y'  y  x
are translation, invariance of lagrangian under translation leads to conservation of linear momentum in
that direction therefore, px and p y are conserved.
Invariance of Lagrangian under rotation leads to conservation of angular momentum along that axis.
Therefore, Lz is also conserved.
Since potential doesn’t explicitly depend on time and is also independent of velocity therefore energy is
conserved.
1  0
43. The spin function of a free particle in the basis in which Sz is diagonal can be written as   and   with
0 1 
eigen values  and  , respectively. In the given basis the normalized eigen function of S y with eigen
2 2
value 
2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1  1 1 0 1 i  1 i 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
2 i  2 i  2 0 2  1
0 i
Soln. S y   
2 i 0
Eigenvalue equation of S y corresponding to 

2
 0  i   x1   x1 
      
2 i 0   x2  2  x2 
ix2   x1  x1  ix2
Assuming x2  1, x1  i
1 i 
Therefore, the normalized Eigen function of S y corresponding to eigenvalue  is  
2 2  1
44. and represent two physical characteristics of a quantum system. If is Hermitian, then for the
product be Hermitian, it is sufficient that
(a) is Hermitian (b) is anti-Hermitian
(c) is Hermitian and and commute (d) is Hermitian and and anti-commute
Soln. ( AB)  B A  B. A (if A and B are hermitian)
† † †
= AB (if A and B commutes)

45. Consider the set of vectors in three dimensional real vector space
. Which one of the following statements is true?
is not a linearly independent set
(a) is a basis for (b) The vectors in S are orthogonal

(c) An orthogonal set of vectors cannot be generated from
(d) Consider the set of vectors in 3 – dimensional real vector space 3
Soln. S  1,1,1 , 1, 1,1 , 1,1, 1

Volume spanned by these vectors
1 1 1
v  1 1 1  1 0  1 2   11  1  2  2  4  0
1 1 1
3
Therefore, S is a set of linearly independent vector and they will form a basis in
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
46. For a Fermi gas of N particles in three dimensions at , The Fermi energy, E F is proportional to
(a) N 2/3
(b) N 3/ 2
(c) N 3
(d) N 2
Soln. The density of state in 3 – D is

4V
g (p) dp  3 p 2 dp,
h
m
Where p  2mE  dp  dE
2E
4V m
 g (E) dE  g ( p)dp  3 2mE dE
h 2E
The number of particles is

1, E  EF
N   f ( E ) g ( E )dE , Where f ( E )   at 0 K
0 0, E  EF

8 V m
N  3
2mE dE
0
h 2E
4 2 V 4 2 V 3/2 2 EF3/2
EF

h3 
0
m3/2 E1/2 dE 
h3
m
3
 EF  N 2/3
47. The Lagrangian of a diatomic molecule is given by L 

2

m 2
x1  x22   x1 x2 , where m is the mass of each
k
2
of the atoms and x1 and x2 are the displacements of atoms measured from the equilibrium position and
k  0 . The normal frequencies are
1/2 1/4 1/4 1/2
k k  k   k 
(a)    (b)    (c)    (d)   
m m  2m   2m 
Soln. L  m  x12  x22   kx1.x2

1 1
2 2
1 xx x x 
 T  m  x12  x22  , V  k  1 2  2 1 
1
2 2  2 2 
Corresponding matrices are
1 0  0 1/ 2 
T  m , V  k  
0 1 1/ 2 0 
For frequency of normal modes
m 2 k/2
det  T  V  0
2
 0
k / 2  m 2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
2
k
(m )     0
2 2
2
k k
m 2   
2 2m
48. A particle is in normalized state  which is a superposition of the energy eigenstates E0  10eV and
E1  30eV . The average value of energy of the particle in the state  is 20eV . The state  is given
by
1 3 1 2
(a) E0  10eV  E1  30eV (b) E0  10eV  E1  30eV
2 4 3 3
1 3 1 1
(c) E0  10eV  E1  30eV (d) E0  10eV  E1  30eV
2 4 2 2
Soln. Let the state is   A  0  B  1

Therefore, the average energy of the particle
E   PE
i i  A E0  B E1  20
2 2
 A 10  30 B  20
2 2
 A 3 B  2
2 2
According to normalized condition A  B  1  A  1 B

2 2 2 2
Putting this value in above equation

1 B  3 B  2  1 2 B  2
2 2 2
1 1
B   A 
2 2
1 1
Therefore,   0  1
2 2
1 1
 E0  10eV  E1  30eV .
2 2
 mx 2 kx 2 
The Lagrangian of a particle of mass m moving in one dimension is L  exp( t )   , where 
2 
49.
 2
and k are positive constants. The equation of motion of the particle is
k k k
(a) x   x  0 (b) x  x  0 (c) x   x  x  0 (d) x   x   0
m m m
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1 1 
Soln. L  exp( t )  mx 2  kx 2 
2 2 
Equation of motion
d  L  L
  0
dt  x  x

d t
dt
e mx   et kx  0
 e at mx  me t x  e kx  0
k
x  x  x  0
m
50. The monochromatic waves having frequencies  and    (   ) and corresponding wave lengths
 and    (   ) of same polarization traveling along x axis are superimposed on each other. The
phase velocity and group velocity of the resultant of the resultant wave are respectively given by
  2  2  
(a) , (b)  , (c) , (d)  , 
2 2  2 2
 
Soln. The phase velocity by v p  
(2 /  ) 2
    2
The group velocity is given by vg    
k  2  2 
 
  
51. The Helmholtz free energy of the system is given by

(a) kBT ln(1  e / kBT ) (b) kBT ln 1  e / kBT 
3
(c) kBT (d)   k BT
2
Soln. The partition function is

Z  e0/ kBT  e / kBT  1  e  / kBT
The Helmholtz free energy is
F  k BT n(Z )  k BT n(1  e  / kBT )
52. The specific heat of the system is given by

    / k BT 2 e   / k BT  2 e / k T B
2   / k T
B
(a) (b) (c)  (d)

k BT 1  e / kBT  kBT 2 1  e / kBT  1  e   / k BT

2
kBT 2 1  e / kBT 2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. The internal energy is

   1 
U  nZ  k BT 2 nZ   
 T  k BT 

 kBT 2 n 1  e / kBT 
T
e   / k BT   
 k BT 2  
1  e   / k B T  k BT 2 
e   / k BT   
 k BT 2
 2 
1  e   / k BT  k BT 
 e  / k T
B

1  e   / k BT
The specific heat is
     
 U 
1  e   / k BT
e   / k BT
. 2  e
  / k BT
 2
 e   / k BT 
CV    k BT   k BT 
 
 T V 1  e 
  / k BT 2
2 e / kBT

kBT 2 1  e / kBT 2
53. The expectation value of the momentum in this state is

(a)  (b)  (c)  (d)

Soln. Dimension of wave function in 1 – D is (length)-1/2. But in the given question, dimension of the wave
function is (length)-1/4. Hence question is not correct.
54. The expectation value of the particle energy is

2
1 2 2
4 2  1 2
(a) (b)  2
(c) (d)
2m 2 3/2 2m 2m 4 3/2 8m 3/2
Soln. (*)
Common Data for Questions 55 and 56

Consider the Zeeman splitting of a single electron system for the electric dipole transition
55. The Zeeman spectrum is

(a) randomly (b) only π polarized (c) only  polarized (d) both π and  polarized
1 1 1 3 5
Soln. For 3d : L  2, S   J  2  , 2   ,  Terms are 2 D5/2 and 2 D3/2
2 2 2 2 2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1 1 1 3 5
For 3d : L  2, S   J  2  , 2   ,  Terms are 2 D5/2 and 2 D3/2
2 2 2 2 2
Since, transitions is between doubles, thus it is anomalous Zeeman effect. Here, each J will split into MJ
values. Selection rules are
M J  0, 1, M J  0  0, if  J  0 Also M J  0 for  transition and M J  1 for  transitions

here, both type of transitions will be seen

56. The fine structure line having the longest wave length will split into
(a) 17 components (b) 10 components (c) 8 components (d) 4 components
Longest wavelength means smallest energy gas which is for 2 D3/2  2 P3/2
Total transitions  4 J1  2 J 2  1  10 where J1  J 2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
3
Here, J1  J 2 
2
Linked Answer Question

The primitive translation vectors of the face centred cubic (fcc) lattice are
a a a
a1  ( ˆj  kˆ); a2  (iˆ  kˆ); a3  (iˆ  ˆj )
2 2 2
57. The primitive translation vectors of the fcc reciprocal lattice are
 2  ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ  2  ˆ ˆ ˆ  2  ˆ ˆ ˆ
(a) bˆ1  
 a 

 i  j  k ; b2   
 a 

 i  j  k ; b3  
 a 
 i  jk   
     
   
(b) bˆ1    iˆ  ˆj  kˆ ; bˆ2    iˆ  ˆj  kˆ ; b3    iˆ  ˆj  kˆ
a a a
 
   2  ˆ ˆ ˆ  
 
(c) bˆ1    iˆ  ˆj  kˆ ; bˆ2  
a  a 

 i  j  k ; b3    iˆ  ˆj  k
a

ˆ  
 3   3   3 
  
(d) bˆ1    iˆ  ˆj  kˆ ; bˆ2    iˆ  ˆj  kˆ ; b3    iˆ  ˆj  kˆ
 a   a   a 
  
Soln. Volume of primitive unit cell of fcc lattice,

V  a1 a1  a 3 
a
2
  a
 
jk  j  k  i  j 
2
a
2


  
0 a/2 a/2
 a2  a  a2  a  a2 
 a/2 0 a / 2  00    0      0
a/2 a/2 0  4  2 4  2 4 
a3 a3 a3
  
8 8 4
Therefore, primitive translation vectors of reciprocal lattice are
 2  a 
   
2
a a
b1 

2 a 2  a3

2

 2 j  k 
2
i  j
 
 
 4  i  i  i  j  k  i  k  j 

a1 a 2  a 3   a3 
 
 a3  
 

 4  4
2  2

a 
     
 0  k   j   j  
 a
i  j  k  
 2  a 
   
2
a a
b2 

2 a3  a1
 
2  i  j 
2 2
jk 
 
 
 4
i  j  i  k  j  j  j  k 

a1 a 2  a3   a
 
3
  a
 
3
  
 4  4
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
2  2

a
 k  j  i 
  a

i jk 
2
Similarly, b3 
a

i j k 
58. The volume of the primitive cell of the fcc reciprocal lattice is
 2       3 
3 3 3 3
(a) 4   (b) 4   (c) 4   (d) 4  

 a  a  2a   a 
2  2 2
Soln. 
V  b1 b 2  b3   a

i  j  k 
 a

i jk   a
i j k  

3 1 1 1
 2   2   2   2 
3 3 3
  1 1 1    1(1  1)  1(1  1)  1(1  1)     (2  2)  4   

 a   a   a   a 
1 1 1
Statement for Linked Answer Questions 59 and 60

The Karnaugh map of a logic circuit is shown below
59. The minimized logic expression for the above map is

(a) Y  PR  Q (b) Y  Q  PR
(c) Y  Q  PR (d) Y  Q  PR
Note : From group of 1’s in K – map

f  PR  Q Simplified expression.
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
60. The corresponding logic implementation using gate is given as
Y  PR  Q
Y  PR.Q
Note: apply Demerger’s law
Y  PR  Q
Hence K – map expression is present in option (b).
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974

1. Consider an anti-symmetric tensor P0 with the indices and running from 1 to 5. The number of
independent compoentns of the tesnor is
(a) 3 (b) 10 (c) 9 (d) 6
1 2
Soln. The number of independent component of a antisymmetric tensor Pij of rank ‘2’, is given by (N  N )
2
here, the indices i and j are running from 1 to 5. So, N = 5
Therefore, number of independent components

2

1 2
N  N   (25  5)  10
1
2
e z sin( z )
2. The value of the integral  dz , where the contour C is the unit circle z  2  1 is
C
z2
(a) 2 i (b) 4 i (c)  i (d) 0
e z sin z
Soln. f (z)  has pole of order ‘2’ at z = 0
z2
Since, z = 0 lies outside the circle
e z sin z
So,  dz  0
C
z2
 2 3 0
 
3. The eigen values of the matrix  3 2 0  are
0 0 1
 
(a) 5, 2, 2 (b) 5, 1, 1 (c) 5,1, 1 (d) 5,1,1
Soln. Sum of the eigenvalues = Trace of the matrix i.e., 1  2  3  5

Product of the eigenvalues = Determinant of the matrix i.e., 123  5
Only option (c) satisfy both relations.
0 for x  3
4. If f ( x)   , then the Laplace transform of f ( x) is
 x  3 for x  3
2 3s 2 3s 2 2 3s
(a) s e (b) s e (c) s (d) s e
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
 
 e sx e sx e sx e3s
Soln. L  f ( x)   e ( x  3)dx  ( x  3)
 sx
1. dx   2 
3 s 3 s s 3
s2
5. The valence electrons do not directly determine the following property of a metal
(a) Electrical conductivity (b) Thermal conductivity
(c) Shear modulus (d) Metallic lustre
Soln. Electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and metallic luster properties are valence electron
dependent while shear modulus is independent of valence electrons.
6. Consider X-ray diffraction from a crystal with a face-centered-cubic (fcc) lattice. The lattice plane for
which there is NO diffraction peak is
(a) (2,1,2) (b) (1,1,1) (c) (2,0,0) (d) (3,1,1)
Soln. For fcc lattice, the amplitude of diffracted X – ray beam given by
F  f 1  e i ( h k )  e i (k l )  e i (k h )  ……(i)
For (212), F  f 1  e i (21)  e i (1 2)  e i (2 2)   f (1  1  1  1)  0 (i.e., no diffraction)
For (111), F  f 1  e i (11)  e i (11)  e i (11)   f (1  1  1  1)  4 f
For (200), F  f 1  e i (20)  e i (00)  e i (0 2)   f (1  1  1  1)  4 f
For (311), F  f 1  e i (30)  e i (11)  e i (13)   f (1  1  1  1)  4 f
7. The Hall coefficient, RH of sodium depends on

(a) The effective charge carrier mass and carrier density
(b) The charge carrier density and relaxation time
(c) The charge carrier density only
(d) The effective charge carrier mass
1
Soln. Hall coefficient, RH 
ne
8. The Bloch theorem states that within a crystal, the wave function,  ( r ) , of an electron has the form
(a)  (r )  u (r )eik r where u ( r ) is an arbitrary function and k is an arbitrary vector
(b)  (r )  u (r )eik r where u ( r ) is an arbitrary function and G is a reciprocal lattice vector
(c)  (r )  u (r )eik r where u (r )  u (r  ),  is a lattice vector and G is a reciprocal lattice vector
(d)  (r )  u (r )eik r where u (r )  u (r  ),  is a lattice vector and k is an arbitrary vector
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. Option (d) is the correct statement of Bloch theorem.

9. In an experiment involving a ferromagnetic medium, the following observations were made. Which one
of the plots does not correctly represent the property of the medium (TC is the Curie temperature)
Soln. For ferromagnetic substance, the specific heat is maximum at TC . Thus correct graph of specific heat
 M s   0 h M s 
versus T is expressed as: CV  2 M s   , where ; M s  N  tan h  k T 
 T   B 
Thus, option (d) is not correctly shown.

10. The thermal conductivity of a given material reduces when it undergoes a transition from its normal state
to the superconducting state. The reason is
(a) the cooper pairs cannot transfer energy to the lattice.
(b) upon the formation of cooper pairs, the lattice becomes less efficient in heat transfer.
(c) the electrons in the normal state lose their ability to transfer heat because of their coupling to the
cooper pairs.
(d) the heat capacity increases on transition to the superconducting state leading to a reduction in thermal
conductivity.
Soln. The thermal conductivity reduces in the transition from the normal state to the superconducting state
because cooper pairs have very less energy ( 103 eV) . They can not transfer energy to the lattice.
11. The basic process underlying the neutron  -decay is
(a) d  u  e  ve (b) d  u  e  (c) s  u  e   ve (d) u  d  e  ve
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. In   decay process one neutron decay into one proton and one electron
n  p  e  v e
Quark structure of u is udd and p is uud
Thus, reaction is written as udd  uudn  e  v e or d  u  e  v e
12. In the nuclear shell model the spin parity of 15N is given by
(1)  *     v (i) Strong
(2)  0     (ii) Electromagnetic
(3)  0  n     p (iii) Weak
(a) (1,iii), (2,ii), (3,i) (b) (1,i), (2,ii), (3,iii)

(c) (1,ii), (2,i), (3,iii) (d) (1,iii), (2, i), (3,ii)
Soln. Since, 157 N has Z = 7, N = 15 – 7 = 8

Therefore, 7 Z , (1 s1/2 ) 2 (1 p3/2 ) 4 (1 p1/2 )1
1
 J  , l  1 (For p) and parity  (1)1  1(odd)
2
1
Thus, spin – parity of 157 N 
2
13.
1. Lepton are produced by weak interaction. I3 is not conserved.
2.   ray produced through electromagnetic interaction.
3. Baryon are produced by strong interaction. Isospin I and I3 are conserved.
14. To detect trace amounts of a gaseous species in a mixture of gases, the preferred probing tool is
(a) Ionization spectroscopy with X-rays
(b) NMR spectroscopy
(c) ESR spectroscopy
(d) Laser spectroscopy
Soln. For a gaseous species in a mixture of gases, the preferred probing tools is ESR spectroscopy.
15. A collection of N atoms is exposed to a strong resonant electromagnetic radiation with Ng atoms in the
ground state and Ne atoms in the excited such that Ng + Ne = N. This collection of two level atoms will
have the following population distribution:
(a) N g  N (b) N g  N e (c) N g N e N 2 (d) N g  Ne N 2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. Since, to establish equilibrium

16. Two states of an atom have definite parities an electric dipole transition between these states is
(a) allowed if both the states have even parity
(b) allowed if both the states have odd parity
(c) allowed if the two states have opposite parities
(d) not allowed unless a static electric field is applied
Soln. Electric dipole transition between two states will be allowed if both the states have apposite parities.
Since, selection rules are   1and m  0, 1
17. The spectrum of radiation emitted by a black body at a temperature 1000 K peaks in the
(a) visible range of frequencies (b) infrared range of frequencies
(c) ultraviolet range of frequencies (d) microwave range of frequencies
Soln. Using wein’s displacement law,

2.897 103 2.897 103
max  (m  K )   2.897 106 m  2897 A
T 1000
This wavelength lies in infrared region
18. An insulating sphere of radius a carries a charge density  (r )  0 (a 2  r 2 ) cos  , r  a . The leading order
term for the electric field at a distance d, far away from the charge distribution, is proportional to
(a) d 1 (b) d 2 (c) d 3 (d) d 4
Soln. From the figure we can say that total charge is zero.
But dipole moment is not zero. So, electric field will be due to dipole moment.
19. The voltage resolution of a 12 bit digital to analog converter (DAC), whose output varies from 10V to
10V is, approximately
(a) 1 mV (b) 5 mV (c) 20 mV (d) 100 mV
Soln. 12 – bit DAC

Range of voltage –10 to 10 = 20V
V
Resolution of DAC(R)  n PP
2 1
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
VH  H L 10  (10)
Voltage Resolution    5 mV
2n  1 212  1
20. In one of the following circuits, negative feedback does not operate for a negative input. Which one is it?
The op-amps are running from 15V supplies.
Soln.
Input (-)ve will make zener – ON

Since, Zener diode operates in reverse break down voltage
(c) at the time of negative input of the signal diode become off and output V0 = 0
Diode in reverse bias for negative input, So V0 = 0
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
D2 conductor for positive input. D1 conductor for negative input.

21. A system of N non-interacting classical point particles is constrained to move on the two dimensional
surface of a sphere. The internal energy of the system is
3 1 5
(a) NkBT (b) NkBT (c) NkBT (d) NkBT
2 2 2
Soln. We need two independent coordinates for each particles to know its position on the surface of the sphere
number of degree of freedom for N particles = 2N
1
and energy per degree of freedom  kBT
2
1
So, internal energy of the system  kBT  2 N  N  kBT
2
22. Which of the following atoms cannot exhibit Bose-Einstein condensation, even in principle
(a) 1 H1 (b) 4 He2 (c) 23 Na11 (d) 30 K19
Soln. To exhibit Bose – Einstein condensation a particle must be Boson i.e., it must have an integral spin since
all protons, electrons and neutrons have half integral spin, only those atoms whose n p  ne  nn is even
will be a boson.
Since n p  ne  nn for 40 K19 is odd, it cannot exhibit Bose – Einstein condensation.

23. For the set of all Lorentz transformations with velocities along the x-axis, consider the two statements
given below:
P: If L is a Lorentz transformation then, L1 is also a Lorentz transformation.
Q: If L1 and L2 are Lorentz transformations then, L1L2 is necessarily a Lorentz transformation
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Choose the correct option

(a) P is true and Q is false (b) both P and Q are true
(c) both P and Q are false (d) P is false and Q is true
Soln. Lorentz transformation satisfies group properties.

Therefore both statements P and Q are correct.
24. Which of the following is an allowed wave function for a particle in a bound state? N is a constant and
,   0
e  r
(a)   N (b)   N 1  e r 
r3
(c)   Ne x e  ( x  y2  z2 )
(d)  
2
Soln. Any allowed wave function of the particle in bound state should satisfy the following conditions:
(1) ( x ) Should be singled valued, finite, continuous everywhere in space,
(2) ( x) Should become zero at x  , r  .
e ar
 N is not defined a r  0
r3
  N 1  e ar  is not zero r  
  Ne  ar e   ( x  y  z ) is zero at x  
2 2 2
The function given in option (d) is discontinuous at r = R. therefore, the function given is option (c) will
be an allowed we ve function for a particle in a bound state.
25. A particle is confined within a spherical region of radius one femtometer (10-15 m). Its momentum can be
expected to be about
keV keV MeV GeV
(a) 20 (b) 200 (c) 200 (d) 2
c c c c
Soln. Momentum of the particle is,

h 1.06 1034  3 108 eV MeV
p  pmin   15 19
 200
xmin 10 1.6 10 c c
e z
 e z
26. For the complex function, f ( z )  , which of the following statements is correct?
sin  z
(a) z  0 is a branch point (b) z  0 is a pole of order one
(c) z  0 is a removable singularity (d) z  0 is an essential singularity
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. f (z) 
e z
e  z  is not analytic at z = 0
z

sinh
sin  z  sin  z 
cosh  z  .
1
sinh  z  2 z 2
lim 2   2lim
z 0
sin  z  cos  z  .
1
z 0
2 z
So, z = 0 is a removable singular point.
d2y
27. The solution of the differential equation for y (t ) : 2  y  2 cosh(t ) , subject to the initial conditions
dt
dy
y (0)  0 and  0 is
dr l  0
1
(a) cosh(t )  t sinh(t ) (b)  sinh(t )  t cosh(t ) (c) t cosh(t ) (d) t sinh(t )
2
d2y
Soln.  y  2.cosh t
dt 2
C.F .  Aet  Bet
1 1
P.I .  2 (2.cosh t )  2 (e   e  )
D 1 ( D  1)
1 t t t
t (e  e )  (et  et )  t sinh t
2D 2
Total solution, y  Aet  Bet  t sinh t
Putting the condition, y (t  0)  0  A  B  0
dy
Putting the condition,  0  A B  0
dt t 0
Solving above two equations, A  0, B  0
Therefore, y  t sinh t
28. Given the recurrence relation for the Legendre polynomials

(2n  1) x Pn ( x)  (n  1) Pn1 ( x)  nPn1 ( x)
which of the following integrals has a non-zero value
1 1
 x pn ( x) Pn1 ( x) dx  x p ( x) P
2
(a) (b) n n2 ( x) dx
1 1
1 1
 x  p ( x)  x P ( x)P
2 2
(c) n dx (d) n n2 ( x) dx
1 1
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
 xPn ( x) xPn2 ( x) dx

1 1
Soln.  1
x 2 Pn ( x) Pn  2 ( x)dx  
1
1  ( n  1) n   (n  3) (n  2) 
  P ( x)  Pn 1 ( x)   Pn 3 ( x)  Pn 1 ( x) d x 
1 (2n  1) n 1 (2n  1)
   (2n  5) (2n  5) 
1 (n  1)(n  2)
 P ( x)  Pn 1 ( x) dx
1 (2n  1)(2n  5) n 1
1 2
[Using to orthogonal property,  Pm ( x) Pn ( x) dx  m ]
1 2n  1
(n  1)(n  2) 2
 0
(2n  1)(2n  5) (2n  3)
29. For a two-dimensional free electron gas, the electronic density n, the Fermi energy EF are related by
 2mEF 
3/2
mEF mEF 23/2 (mEF )1/2
(a) n (b) n  (c) n  (d) n 
3 2 3
 2
2 2 
Soln. The density of state is 2 – D is

2 A
g ( p)dp  2 p dp,
h
m
Where p  2mE or dp  dE
2E
2 A m 2 A
 g ( E )dE  2 2mE dE  2 mdE
h 2E h
Since, we can have an electron with spin up or spin down in each state, we need to multiply density of
state by the factor of two.
4 A
 g (E)  2 m
h
The number of particle is

1, E  EF
N   f ( E ) g ( E )dE , where f ( E )  
0 0, E  EF
4 A N 4 EF m
 N
2
mEF   n
h A h2
N
Where n   electronic density
A
4 mEF 4 EF  h 
 n   
h 2
( .2 ) 2
 2 
mEF
 n
 h2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
30. Far away from any of the resonance frequencies of a medium, the real part of the dielectric permittivity is
(a) always independent of frequency
(b) monotonically decreasing with frequency
(c) monotonically increasing with frequency
(d) a non-monotonic function of frequency
Soln. Correct option is (d).
31. The ground state wave function of deuteron is in a superposition of s and d states. Which of the following
is not true as a consequence?
(a) It has a non-zero quadruple moment
(b) The neutron-proton potential is non central
(c) The orbital wave function is not spherically symmetric
(d) The Hamiltonian does not conserve the total angular momentum
Soln. Correct option is (d).

228
32. The first three energy levels of Th 90 are show below
The expected spin-pairty and energy of the next level are given by
(a) (6 ; 400keV ) (b) (6 ;300keV )
(c) (2 ; 400keV ) (d) (4 ;300keV )
2
Soln. E  I ( I  1) Where I is spin and  is moment of inertia.
2
Now, for I  2, E  57.5 KeV
2 2
57.5
 57.5   23  
2 2 6
Next level is 6 +.
33. The quark content of  , K  ,  and p is indicated:

  uus ; K   su ;    ud ; p  uud
In the process,    p  K    , considering strong interactions only, which of the following
statements is true?
(a) The process is allowed because S  0
(b) The process is allowed because I3  0
(c) The process is not allowed because S  0 and I3  0
(d) The process is not allowed because the baryon number is violated
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. Given nuclear reaction,    p  K   

 1  1   1 1
I 3   1       1         1  0
 2  2   2 2
S  (0  0)  (1  1)  2  0
B  (0  1)  (0  1)  0
34. The three principal moments of inertia of a methanol (CH3OH) molecule have the property I x  I y  I
and I z  I . The rotational energy eigen values are
2 2
m12  1 1  2
(a) l (l  1)     (b) I ( I  1)
2I 2  Iz I  2I
m1  1 1 
2 2 2
m12  1 1 
2
(c)    (d) I ( I  1)    
2  Iz I  2I 2  Iz I 
Soln. CH3OH is example of symmetric top molecules, where I x  I y  I and I z  I

Energy level of symmetric top molecule is
EJ   BJ ( J  1)  (A B) m2j  hc
Where, mJ  0, 1, 2,...............  J and J  0,1, 2,3,........
h h
Also, B  2 and A  2
8 I B c 8 I Ac
Where, I B and I A is the moment of inertial about orthogonal and parallel to the molecules axis i.e.
I B  I x  I y  I and I A  I
Here, J is same as , therefore, energy levels can be written as
2
1 1 
2
E  (  1) 
m2   
2I 2  Iz IB 
2 2
 1 1
Thus, E  (  1)  m2     IB  I 
2I 2  Iz I 
35. A particles of mass is confined in the potential
1
 m x for x  0
2 2
V ( x)   2

 for x  0
Let the wave-function of the particle be given by
1 2
 ( x)   0  1
5 5
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
where  0 and  1 are the eigen functions of the ground state and the first excited state respectively. The
expectation value of the energy is
31 25 13 11
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 
10 10 10 10
Soln. For the given Half harmonic oscillator or potential, energy eigenvalues of the particle are
 3
En   2n   
 2
Expectation value of the energy will be
1 3  4 7  31
E  P0 E0  P1 E1            
5 2  5 2  10
36. Match the typical spectra of a stable molecules with the corresponding wave number range
1. Electronic spectra (i) 106 cm-1 and above
2. Rotational spectra (ii) 105 - 106 cm-1
3. Molecular spectra (iii) 100 -102 cm-1
(a) (1-ii), (2-i), (3-iii) (b) (1-ii), (2-iii), (3-i)
(c) (1-iii), (2-ii), (3-i) (d) (1-i), (2-ii), (3-iii)
Soln. Here the molecular has been compared with their corresponding wave number or we can say that energy
of these spectra has been normalized in the units of cm-1. So, in terms of energy rotational spectra
corresponds to microwave radiation which has the lowest energy. Then comes vibrational spectra (IR
region) slightly greater than both rotational and vibration.
Molecular dissociation corresponds to very high energy.
So, Erotational  Evibrational  Eelectronic  Emolecular dissociation
Rotational  106  102 cm 1
Electronics  105  106 cm 1
Molecular  106 cm 1 and above
37. Consider the operations P : r  r (parity) and T : t  t (time-reversal). For the electric and magnetic
fields E and B , which of the following set of transformations is correct?
P : E  E, B  B P : E  E, B  B
(a) (b)
T : E  E, B  B T : E  E, B  B
P : E  E, B  B P : E  E, B  B
(c) (d)
T : E  E, B  B T : E  E, B  B
Soln.
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
38. Two magnetic dipoles of magnitude each are placed in a plane as shown
The energy of interaction is given by
 m2 3 0 m 2 30 m2
(a) 0 (b) 0 3 (c) (d) 
4 d 2 d 3 8 d 3
Soln. The interaction energy between two magnetic dipole moment is given by
  (m1.r12 )r12 m2 
w12  0  3  3  .m2
4  r125 r12 
  (m1.r12 )(m2 .r12 ) m1.m 2 
 0 3  3 
4  r125 
r12 
0  3m 2 cos 2 45 
   0 ( m1  m 2 )
4  d 3

 3m 1  3m
2 2
 0 3  0 3
4 d 2 8 d
39. Consider a conducting loop of radius a and total loop resistance R placed in a region with a magnetic
field B thereby enclosing a flux 0 . The loop is connected to an electronic circuit as shown, the capacitor
being initial uncharged.
If the loop is pulled out of the region of the magnetic field at a constant speed u , the final output voltage
Vout is independent of
(a) 0 (b) u (c) R (d) C
Soln. When the loop will be pulled out of the region of the magnetic field then amount of flux passing through
the loop will gets changed. This change in flux will induced an emf in the circuit.
d
Vemf  
dt
At t  0, loop was completely inside the magnetic field
So,  (t  0)  0  constant (say)
Given circuit is op – amp integration or circuit
1
RC 
Vout  Vemf . dt [ Vemf Will acts as an input voltage for op – amp]
1 d
RC  dt
 . dt
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1
   [This  will be depending on u also]
RC
 Vout is independent of 0
40. The figure shows a constant current source charging a capacitor that is initially unchanged
If the switch is closed at t  0 , which of the following plots depicts correctly the output voltage of the
circuit as a function of time?
Soln. Since current flow in the circuit is constant I0. So, initially capacitor will start to charging
dq
 I  q  It
dt
 v0  vc  qC  CIt (Linear with time)
After certain time capacitor will be fully charged. So, voltage will not change with time.
41. For any set of inputs, A and B the following circuits give the same output, Q except one. Which one is it
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln.
Q  (a b a b)b  Q  ab
Note: x.x  0  0 x  x
Q  ab  0  Q  ab
Option (d) is different except other.

42. CO2 molecule has the first few energy levels uniformly separated by approximately 2.5 meV. At a
temperature of 300K, the ratio of the number of molecules in the 4th excited state to the number in the 2nd
excited state is about
(a) 0.5 (b) 0.6 (c) 0.8 (d) 0.9
Soln. Number of molecules in a given states is given by Boltzmann law

( E2  E1 )

N 2  N1 e k BT
Where, N2 = number of molecules in energy state E2

N1 = number of molecules in energy state E1
T = temperature of the system
KB = Boltzmann constant
( E4  E2 )

Thus, N 4  N 2 e k BT
Ratio of molecules,
(E E )
N4  4 2
 e k BT
N2
As energy is equally spaced, therefore,
E  E4  E2  2  2.5 meV  5 meV
 5103 eV 
 
N4 5 1
  e 8.6210 eVk 300 K   e 0.193  0.826 0.8
N2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
43. Which among the following sets of Maxwell relations is correct? (U internal energy H - enthalpy, Z-
Helmholtz free energy and G- Gibss free energy)
 U   U   H   H 
(a) T    and P    (b) V    and T   
 V S  S V  P S  S  P
 G   G   A   A 
(c) P     and V    (d) P     and S    
 V T  P  S  S T  P V
Soln. The enthalpy is defined as

H  U  PV
 dH  dU  PdV  VdP Where dU  TdS  PdV
 dH  TdS  VdP
 H   H 
So we have T    and V   
 S  P  P S
44. For a spin-s particle in the eigen basis of S 2 , S z the expectation value sm | S x2 | sm is
2
s(s  1)  m 
2
(a)
2
(b) 2
s(s  1)  2m 2
(c) 2
s(s  1)  m 
2
(d) 2
m2
s, m  S x2  S2  S S  S S  s, m
1
Soln. S x2  s, m S x2 s, m 
4
1 1
 s, m S S s, m  s, m S S s, m
4 4
1 1 1
  s  m s  m  1 2   s  m  s  m  1 2   s  s  1  m2  2
4 4 2
1 
45. A particle is placed in region with the potential V ( x)  kx 2  x3 , where k ,   0 . Then
2 3
k
(a) x  0 and x  are points of stable equilibrium

k
(b) x  0 is a point of stable equilibrium and x  is a point of unstable equilibrium

k
(c) x  0 and x  are points of unstable equilibrium

(d) there are no points of stable of unstable equilibrium
1 
Soln. V ( x)  kx 2  x3 , k ,   0
2 3
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
dV
For equilibrium 0 kx   x2  0
dx
k
x  0,

2
d V
 k  2 x
dx 2
d 2V
At x  0, 2  k  0
dx
k
Therefore, x  is unstable equilibrium point

46. A  0 meson at rest decays into two photons, which move along the x-axis. They are both detected
simultaneously after a time, t  10s . In an inertial frame moving with a velocity V  0.6c in the direction
of one of the photons, the time interval between the two detections is
(a) 15 s (b) 0 s (c) 10 s (d) 20 s
Soln.
The position of two photon in the s – frame when they are detected at
x1  10cm, x2  10cm,
So, the time internal between two detection in s1 frame is
1
0.6c  20c  2
v( x2  x1 ) / c 2 c  15s
t '  t '2  t '1  
1 v / c
2 2
1  (0.6) 2
47. A particle of mass is confined in an infinite potential well

0 if 0  x  L
V ( x)  
 otherwise
 2 x 
It is subjected to a perturbing potential V p  V0 sin  (1) (2)
 within the well. Let E and E be the
 L 
correction to the ground state energy in the first and second order in V0 , respectively. Which of the
following are true?
(a) E (1)  0, E (2)  0 (b) E (1)  0; E (2)  0
(c) E (1)  0, E (2) depends on the sign of V0 (d) E (1)  0, E (2)  0
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. First order correction to ground state energy is,

2 x 2 x V0  2 x  2 x
L L
2V0
E   1 VP  1   dx   1  cos dx  0
(1)
sin sin  sin
L 0 L L L 0 L  L
Second order correction to the ground state energy is always less than equal to zero i.e. E (2)  0

In the presence of a weak magnetic field atomic hydrogen undergoes the transition:
2
P1/2  1S1/2 by emission of radiation
48. The number of distinct spectral lines that are observed in the resultant Zeeman spectrum is
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 6
1 1
Soln. Consider the transition, 2 P1/2  2 S1/2 . these terms are correspond to J1  and J 2  . In a weak
2 2
magnetic field it breaks into 2 J1  1  2 J 2  1  2 components
The selection rule of transition

mJ  0, 1
Thus, in total four spectral lines are observed in transition from 2 P1/2  2 S1/2
1 1
Also, by formula, total number of transition  4 J1  2 J 2  1  4   2   1  4
2 2
49. The spectral line corresponding to the transition

 1  1
2
P1/2  m j     1S1/2  m j   
 2  2
Is observed along the direction of the applied magnetic field. The emitted electromagnetic field is
(a) Circularly polarized (b) Linearly polarized
(c) Unpolarized (d) Not emitted along the magnetic field direction
1 1
Soln. Given transition, mJ    mJ   is corresponds to mJ  1
2 2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Transition mJ  1 corresponds to  components. Electric field of the emitted radiation oscillates
perpendicular to the applied magnetic field. Classically, this situation corresponds to two parallel dipoles
oscillating with phase difference 90°. Superposition of two dipoles produces circulating current. Thus, in
direction of the magnetic field, circularly polarized light is emitted.
For mJ  1, it is clockwise and
mJ  1, it is anti-clockwise circular
Common Data for Question 50 and 51

The partition function for a gas of photons is given by
 2 V (k BT )3
ln z  3 3
45 C
50. The specific heat of the photon gas varies with temperature as
Soln. The partition function of the photon gas is

 2 V (kBT )3
nZ  3 3
45 c
The integral energy is
2  2    V ( k BT ) 
2 3
U  k BT nZ  k BT
T T  45 c 
3 3
 2 V (kBT )3 3 2V 4 4
 kBT 2 3 3
kB3 .3T 2 
kB .T
45 c 45 3c3
 U  3 2V 4 3
Now,  Cv     k .4T  Cv  T 3
  T V 45 3 3 B
c
51. The pressure of the photon gas is

 2 (kBT )3  2 (kBT )4  2 (kBT )4  (k BT )3/2
(a) (b) (c) (d) 3 3
15 3c3 8 3 3
c 45 3 3
c 45 c
Soln. The free energy is
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
  2 V ( k BT ) 3 
F  k BT nZ  k BT 
 45 c 
3 3
 F    2 (k BT )3   2 (k BT ) 4
The pressure is given by P      k B 
T 3 3 

 V  N ,T  45 c  45 3c 3
Linked Answer Questions

Statement for Linked Answer Questions 52 and 53
Consider the propagation of electromagnetic wave in a linear, homogeneous and isotropic material
medium with electric permittivity  , and magnetic permeability  .
52. For a plane wave of angular frequency  and propagation vector k propagating in the medium
Maxwell’s equations reduce to
(a) k , E  0; k  H  0; k  E   H ; k  H   E
(b) k  E  0; k  H  0; k  E   H ; k  H   E
(c) k  E  0; k  H  0; k  E   H ; k  H   E
(d) k  E  0; k  H  0; k  E   H ; k  H   E
Soln. Let E  E 0 ei ( k .r t )
We know that Maxwell’s equations,
.E  0
.B  0
B
 B  
t
E
  B   0 0
t

Replacing  by ik and by i , we get
t
ik.E  0  k.E  0
ik.B  0  k.B  0
ik  E  i H  k  E   H
ik  E  i H  k  H   E
53. If  and  assume negative values in a certain frequency range, then the directions of the propagation
vector k and the pointing vector S in that frequency range are related as
(a) k and S are parallel
(b) k and S are anti-parallel
(c) k and S are perpendicular to each other
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
(d) k and S make an angle that depends on the magnitude of  and 

*

Soln. S  E  H  S  E  H
*
 1
1   1 k E2  k E2k
 
*
 k k .E E
    
Since  is negative
k
S 
2
E k

Therefore, K and S are anti – parallel.

The Lagrangian for a simple pendulum is given by
1
L  ml 2 2  mgl (1  cos  )
2
54. Hamilton’s equations are then given by
p p
(a) p  mgl sin  ;   2 (b) p  mgl sin  ;   2
ml ml
p g p
(c) p  m ;    (d) p    0;   0
m l ml
1
Soln. L  m 2 2  mg (1  cos )
2
Corresponding Hamiltonian of system is
P02
H  mg (1  cos  )
2m 2
Hamilton’s equations are
H H
 and P  
p 
Therefore
P
  02 , P  mg sin 
m
55. The Poisson bracket between  and  is
 
(a)  ,  1  
(b)  ,  2
ml
1
 
(c)  , 
1
m
 
(d)  , 
g
l
 
Soln. Poisson Bracket  ,
 P  1 1 1
  ,  2   2  , P   2 1  2
 m  m m m
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974

1. Two matrices A and B are said to be similar if B  P 1 AP for some invertible matrix P. Which of the
following statements is not true?
(a) Det A = Det B (b) Trace of A = Trace of B

(c) A and B have the same eigen vectors (d) A and B have the same eigen values
Soln. Two similarly matrices A and B have same eigenvalues, same determinant and same trace.
2. If a force F is derivable from a potential function V ( r ) , where r is the distance from the origin of the
coordinate system, it follows that
(a)  F  0 (b)  F  0 (c) V  0 (d)  2V  0
3. The quantum mechanical operator for the momentum of a particle moving in one dimension is given by
d d  2
d2
(a) i (b) i (c) i (d) 
dx dx t 2m dx 2
Soln. Quantum mechanical operator for the momentum of a particle moving in one dimension is

p x  i
x
4. A Carnot cycle operates on a working substance between two reservoirs at temperatures T1 and T2 , with
T1  T2 . During each cycle, an amount of heat Q1 is extracted from the reservoir at T1 and an amount Q2 is
delivered to the reservoir at T2 . Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(a) work done in one cycle is Q1  Q2
Q Q
(b) 1  2
T1 T2
(c) entropy of the hotter reservoir decreases
(d) entropy of the universe (consisting of the working substance and the two reservoirs) increases
Soln. The carnot cycle is a reversible cycle and hence the entropy change of the universe is zero.
i.e., (S )universe  0
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
5. In a first order phase transition at the transition temperature specific heat of the system
(a) diverges and its entropy remains the same
(b) diverges and its entropy has finite discontinuity
(c) remains unchanged and its entropy has finite discontinuity
(d) has finite discontinuity and its entropy diverges
Soln. The key points are:

1. The specific heat diverges for both I and II order phase transition.
2. The entropy has a finite discontinuity for I order phase transition whereas it is continuous for II order
phase transition.
6. The semi-empirical mass formula for the binding energy of nucleus contains a surface correction term.
This term depends on the mass number A of the nucleus as
1/3 1/3 2/3
(a) A (b) A (c) A (d) A
Soln. Surface energy ( Es )  as A2/3  Es  A2/3

7. The population inversion in a two level laser material cannot be achieved by optical pumping because
(a) the rate of upward transition is equal to the rate of downward transitions
(b) the upward transition are forbidden but downward transition are allowed
(c) the upward transitions are allowed but downward transition are forbidden
(d) the spontaneous decay rate of the higher level is very low
Soln. In case of two level, the rate of upward transitions is equal to the rate of downward transitions which
gives N2  N1 Thus; there will be no population inversion.
8. The temperature (T) dependence of magnetic susceptibility (  ) of a ferromagnetic substance with a Curie
temperature (Tc ) is given by
C C
(a) , for T  Tc (b) , for T  Tc
T  Tc T  Tc
C C
(c) , for T  Tc (d) , for all temperatures
T  Tc T  Tc
where C is constant
C
Soln. For ferromagnetic materials,   , for T  TC .
(T  TC )
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
9. The order of magnitude of the energy gap of a typical superconductor is

(a) 1 MeV (b) 1 KeV (c) 1 eV (d) 1 meV
Soln. The order of magnitude of the energy gap of a typical superconductor is 1meV.
Correct option is (d). (Reference → C. Kittel)
10. Which of the following statement is correct for a common emitter amplifier circuit?
(a) The output is taken from the emitter
(b) there is 180o phase shift between input and output voltages
(c) there is not phase shift between input and output voltages
(d) both p-n junctions are forward biased
Soln. Common emitter configuration / amplifier
Output is taken from collector

In has 180° phase shift between input and output.
Amplifier is an application in active region. So, one junction is forward bias and other junction is
reversed bias.
11. A 3  3 matrix has elements such that its trace is 11 and its determinant is 36. The eigen-values of the
matrix are all known to be positive integers. The largest eigen-value of the matrix is
(a) 18 (b) 12 (c) 9 (d) 6
Soln. If 1 , 2 , 3 are the eigenvalues of matrix, then

Trace  1  2  3  11
Determinant  1 2 3  36
So, the possible values of 1 , 2 and 3 are (2, 3, 6)
12. A heavy symmetrical top is rotating about its own axis of symmetry (the z-axis). If I1, I2 and I3 are the
principal moments of inertia along x, y and z axes respectively then
(a) I 2  I3 ; I1  I 2 (b) I1  I 3 ; I1  I 2 (c) I1  I 2 ; I1  I 3 (d) I1  I 2  I3
Soln. Linear, I1  I 2 , I3  0
Symmetric top, I1  I 2  I3
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Spherical top, I1  I 2  I3
Asymmetric top, I1  I 2  I3
13. An electron with energy E is incident from left on a potential barrier given by
as shown in the figure
For E  V0 , the space part of the wave function for x  0 is of the form
(a) e x (b) e  x (c) ei x (d) e  i x
where  is a real positive quantity
Soln. For the region x  0, the 1 – D time independent Schrödinger equation will be
d 2 2m d 2 2m
2
 2
( E  V0 )  0  2
  2  0 where  2  2 (V0  E )
dx dx
Solution will of the from:   Ae x  Be x
Since, the wave function should be zero at x  , therefore A = 0 and the space part of the wave function
for the region x  0, will be of the form  Be x .
14. If Lx , Ly and Lz are respectively the x, y and z components of angular momentum operator L, the
commutator  Lx Ly , Lz  is
(a) i ( L2x  L2y ) (b) 2i Lz (c) i ( L2x  L2y ) (d) zero
Soln.  Lx Ly , Lz    Lx , Lz  Ly  Lx  Ly , Lz   (i Ly ) Ly  Lx (i Lx )  i L 2
x  L2y 
1 2 r /a
15. The normalized ground state wave function of a hydrogen atom is given by  (r )  e , where
4 a
3/2
a is the Bohr radius and r is the distance of the electron from the nucleus, located at the origin. The
1
expectation value 2 is
r
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
8 4 4 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
a2 a2 a2 a2
1 1 1 1
Soln.   *(r ) 2  (r )dV  3  r e 2 r / a r 2 sin  drd  d
r 2
r a 2
  2
1 2

 a3 
r 0
e 2 r / a dr


0
sin  d


0
d 
a2
16. Two charges and 2 are placed along the x-axis in front of a grounded, infinite conducting plane, as
shown in the figure. They are located respectively at a distance of 0.5 and 1.5 from the plane. The
force acting on the charge is
1 7q 2 1 1 1 q2
(a) (b) 2q 2 (c) q2 (d)
4 0 2 4 0 4 0 4 0 2
Soln.
1  2q 2 q 2 2q 2 
F  
4 0  4 1 1 
1 7q 2

4 0 2
17. A uniform surface current is flowing in the positive y-direction over in infinite sheet lying in x-y plane.
The direction of the magnetic field is
(a) along iˆ for z  0 and along iˆ for z  0
(b) along k̂ for z  0 and along  k̂ for z  0
(c) along iˆ for z  0 and along iˆ for z  0
(d) along  k̂ for z  0 and along k̂ for z  0
0
Soln. B  K  n, where K is the surface current density
2
K
  0 i for z > 0
2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
0 K
 i for z > 0
2
18. A magnetic dipole of dipole moment m is placed in a non-uniform magnetic field B . If the position
vector of the dipole is r , the torque acting on the dipole about the origin is
(a) r  (m  B) (b) r (m  B) (c) m  B (d) m  B  r (m  B)
Soln. Correct option is (c).
19. Which of the following expressions for a vector potential A does not represent a uniform magnetic field
of magnitude B0 along the z-direction?
B x B x   By Bx 
(a) A  (0, B0 x, 0) (b) A  ( B0 y, 0, 0) (c) A   0 , 0 , 0  (d) A    0 , 0 , 0 
 2 2   2 2 
Soln. We know that,  A  B
 
  B0 x j  B0 k is uniform field.
   B y j    B k is uniform field.
0 0
B x By 
 0 i  0 j  0
 2 2 
B y Bx
 0 i  0
 2 2
 B

j   0 k is uniform field.
 2
20. A neutron passing through a detector is detected because of

(a) the ionization it produce
(b) the scintillation light it produce
(c) the electron hole pairs it produce
(d) the secondary particles produced in a nuclear reaction in the detector medium
Soln. Neutrons cannot produce ionization because they are electrically neutral. They can be detected because of
the secondary particles produced in a nuclear reaction in the detector medium.
21. An atom with one outer electron having orbital angular momentum l is placed in a weak magnetic field.
The number of energy levels into which the higher total angular momentum state splits, is
(a) 2l  2 (b) 2l  1 (c) 2l (d) 2l  1
Soln. In weak field, the higher total angular momentum state splits into (2J + 1) states. Possible J values for
one electron 1s1  , s  ,  J   , 
1 1 1
2 2 2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1  1
Higher J value i.e.  will split into 2 J  1  2     1  2  2
2  2
22. For a multi-electron atom l , L and S specify the one-electron orbital angular momentum, total orbital
angular momentum and total spin angular momentum respectively. The selection rules for electric dipole
transition between the two electronic energy levels, specified by l , L and S are
(a) L  0, 1; S  0; l  0, 1 (b) L  0, 1; S  0; l  1
(c) L  0,  1; S  1; l  0, 1 (d) L  0, 1; S  1; l  1
Soln. The selection rules for orbital angular momentum:

For one electron, most of the transition take place when value changes by one unit, i.e.,   1
because, according to Laporte rule, the parity should change in a electric dipole transition.
The selection rules for total orbital angular momentum:
For total angular momentum, the selection rule for the electric dipole transition is L  0, 1.
The selection rules for total spin angular momentum:
For total spin angular momentum, the selection rule for electric dipole transition is S  0.
23. For a three-dimensional crystal having N primitive unit cells with a basis of p atoms, the number of
optical branches is
(a) 3 (b) 3 p (c) 3 p  3 (d) 3 N  3 p
Soln. If there are p atoms in a primitive cell, then total number branches are 3p. out of 3p branches, 3 will be
acoustical branches and remaining (3p – 3) will be optical braches. The number of braches does not
depend on the number of primitive cells.
24. For an intrinsic semiconductor, me* and mh* are respectively the effective masses of electrons and holes
near the corresponding band edges. At a finite temperature, the position of the Fermi level
(a) depends on me* but not on mh*
(b) depends on mh* but not on me*
(c) depends on both me* and mh*
(d) depends neither on me* nor on mh*
Soln. The Fermi level of an intrinsic semiconductor is given by

E  Ev 3  m* 
EF  c  k BT ln  h* 
2 4  me 
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
25. In the following circuit, the voltage across and the current through the 2k resistance are
(a) 20 V, 10 mA (b) 20 V, 5 mA (c) 10 V, 10 mA (d) 10 V, 5mA
Soln. Voltage across 2k
For given circuit to check zener in break down region

30  3
Va1   Va1  25.71
0.5  3
Va1  20 Voltage
Va1  Vz1 so, Zener – ON
20  2
Va1   Va1  13.33 Volt
3
Va 2  Vz 2 So, Va 2  10V
Zener – ON
10
I 2k   5 mA
2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
26. The unit vector normal to the surface x2  y 2  z  1 at the point P (1, 1, 1) is
iˆ  ˆj  kˆ 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ 2iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 6 6 3
 2i  2 j  k
Soln. Unit vector normal to the surface n  
 3
(1,1,1)
27. Consider a cylinder of height h and radius a, closed at both ends, centered at the origin. Let
ˆ be the position vector and n̂ a unit vector normal to the surface. The surface integral
ˆ  ˆjy  kz
r  ix
 r  nˆ ds over the closed surface of the cylinder is
S
(a) 2 a 2 (a  h) (b) 3 a 2 h (c) 2 a 2 h (d) 0
Soln.  r.ndS   .r  dV (Using divergence theorem)

S V
 3 dV  3V  3 a h 2
V
28. The solutions to the differential equation

dy x

dx y 1
are a family of
(a) circles with different radii (b) circles with different centres
(c) straight lines with different slopes (d) straight lines with different intercepts on the y-axis
dy x
y 1 
Soln.   ( y  1) dy    x dx
dx
y2 x2
  y  c
2 2
 x  y  2 y  2c
2 2
 x2  ( y  1)2  2c  1
This represent a family of circle having center at (0, -1) and radii of 2c  1 units.
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
29. A particle is moving under the action of a generalized potential

(1  q)
V ( q, q ) 
q2
The magnitude of the generalized force is
2(1  q) 2(1  q) 2 q
(a) 3
(b) (c) (d)
q q3 q3 q3
1 q
Soln. V  q, q   2
  q
Generalized force is given as
V d  V 
Q 
q dt   q 
 
   
2 1  q  2 1  q 
d 1 
  3   2   3  3  3
2q 2
q dt  q  q q q
30. Two bodies of mass and 2 are connected by a spring constant k. The frequency of the normal mode
is
3k k 2k k
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2m m 3m 2m
Soln. Frequency of normal mode is given as

k mm
 ,   1 2  Reduced mass
 m1  m2
m.2m 2m
 
m  2m 3
k k 3k
   
 2m / 3 2m
31. Let and be two pairs of canonical variables. The transformation


Q  q cos(  p )
P  q sin(  p )
Is canonical for
(a)   2,   1 2 (b)   2,   2 (c)   1,   1 (d)   1 2,   2
Soln. Q  q cos (  p)
P  q sin ( p)
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
For canonical transformation

Poisson Bracket Q, Pq.P  1
Q P Q P
Or, .  . 1
q p P q
Or,  q 1 cos ( p) : q  cos ( p)  q  sin ( p). q 1 sin ( p)  1
Or,  q 2 1  1. q0
 2  1  0    1/ 2
1
   1   1    2
2
32. Two particles, each of rest mass m collide head on and stick together. Before collision, the speed of each
mass was 0.6 times the speed of light in free space. The mass of the final entity is
(a) 5m 4 (b) 2m (c) 5m 2 (d) 25m 8
Soln. Initial :   0.6c  m

m 0.6 c
Initial momentum of two particles is zero. Therefore final momentum will also be zero. So final entity
will be at rest.
Final :  M rest
Apply conservation of energy
Einitial  E final
mc 2
2  Mc 2
1  (0.6) 2
2m 5
 M  m
0.8 2
33. The normalized eigenstates of a particle in a one-dimensional potential well

0 if 0  x  a
V ( x)  
 otherwise
are given by
2  n x 
 n ( x)  sin   , where n  1, 2,3......
a  a 
The particle is subjected to a perturbation
x a
V '( x)  V0 cos   for 0  x 
 a  2
0 otherwise
The shift in the ground state energy due to perturbation, in the first order perturbation theory is
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
2V0 V0 V0 2V0
(a) (b) (c)  (d) 
3 3 3 3
Soln. First order correction to ground state energy is

a /2
2V0
a /2
x x 2V
E    1 ( x)V '( x) 1 ( x) dx 
(1) *
 sin 2 cos dx  0
0
a 0 a a 3
x
[Assume sin  p to solve the integration]
a
34. If the isothermal compressibility of a solid is T  1010 ( Pa) 1 , the pressure required to increase its
density by 1% is approximately
(a) 104 Pa (b) 106 Pa (c) 108 Pa (d) 1010 Pa
Soln. Given : T  1010 ( pa) 1

1  dV  m
By definition, T     , where V  ;  is the density
V  dP  
m
d

dV 2 d
  
V m/ 
 d  1 (d  /  )
 T     dP 
   d T
d
For  1%  0.01 and  T  1010 , we have

0.01
dP  10  108 Pa
10
35. A system of N non-interacting and distinguishable particles of spin 1 is in thermodynamic equilibrium.

The entropy of the system is
(a) 2kB ln N (b) 3kB ln N (c) NkB ln 2 (d) NkB ln 3
Soln. Number of microstates for N non – interaction particles with spin s is

  (2 s  1) N  3N  for s  1
The entropy of the system is S  kB ln   N kB ln 3
36. A system has two energy levels with energies  and 2 . The lower level is 4-fold degenerate while the
upper level is doubly degenerate. If there are N non-interacting classical particles in the system, which is
in thermodynamic equilibrium at a temperature T, the fraction of particles in the upper level is
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1  e / kBT 1  2e / kBT 2e  / kBT
 4e2 / kBT  / kBT
2e  4e2 / kBT
Soln. The partition function is Z   g ( i )e  i / kBT  4e  / kBT  2e 2 / kBT

i
2e2 / kBT 1
The fraction of particles in the upper level    / k BT 2 / k BT
   / k BT
4e  2e 2e 1
37. A spherical conductor of radius a is placed in a uniform electric field E  E0 kˆ . The potential at a point
P ( r ,  ) for r  a , is given by
E0 a3
 (r ,  )  Constant  E0 r cos   cos 
r2
where r is the distance of P from the centre O of the sphere and  is the angle OP makes with the z-axis
The charge density on the sphere at   30o is

(a) 3 3 0 E0 2 (b) 3 0 E0 2 (c) 3 0 E0 2 (d)  0 E0 2

Soln.    0
r r 0
 0 2 E0 a3 r  3 3 3 3
  0 E0 cos   cos     0  E0  2 E0   0 E0
r3 r 0
 2 2  2
17
38. According to the single particle nuclear shell model, the spin parity of the ground state of 8 O is
   
1 3 3 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
Soln. We have nucleus 178 ,

Number of protons (Z) = 8 (even) and number of neutrons (N) = 9 (odd)
s  p3/2   p1/2  d 
2 4 2 1
9N  1
1/2
1 1 1
5/2
5
J  , l  2 (For d)
2
Parity = (-1)2 = +1 (positive)
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
5
Spin parity of ground state 
2
39. In the  -decay of neutron n  p  e  ve , the anti-neutrino ve escapes detection. Its existence is
inferred from the measurement of
(a) energy distribution of electrons
(b) angular distribution of electrons
(c) helicity distribution of electrons
(d) forward-backward asymmetry of electrons
Soln. Correct option is (a).
40. The isospin and the strangeness of   baryon are

(a) 1, 3 (b) 0, 3 (c) 1, 3 (d) 0, 3
Soln. For baryon   , strangeness ( S )  3 and ( I 3 )

41. The lifetime of an atomic state is 1 nanosecond. The natural line width of the spectral line in the emission
spectrum of this state is of the order of
(a) 1010 eV (b) 109 eV (c) 106 eV (d) 104 eV
Soln. According to Heisenberg uncertainty relation

h h
E.t   (Suppose) t  1 ns  1109 s
2 2
h 6.6 1034
 E   Joule
2  t 2  3.14 109
h 6.6 1034
 E   eV  0.65 106 eV  106 eV
2  t 2  3.14 10 1.6 10
9 19

42. The degeneracy of an excited state of nitrogen atom having electronic configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2 p 2 3d 1 is
(a) 6 (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 150
Soln. Total degeneracy, D  D1D2 , where D1 is degeneracy of 2 p 2 and D1 is degeneracy of 3d 1.

(4 1  2)! (4 1  2) 6! 6  5
Now, D1      15
(4 1  2  N )!N! (4 1  2  2)!2! 4!2! 2
(4  2  2)! 10!
and D2    10  D  D1D2  15 10  150
(4  2  2  1)!!! 9!
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
43. The far infrared rotational absorption spectrum of a diatomic molecule shows equidistant lines with
spacing 20 cm-1. The position of the first Stokes line in the rotational Raman spectrum of this molecule
is
(a) 20 cm-1 (b) 40 cm-1 (c) 60 cm-1 (d) 120 cm-1
Soln. The line spacing in the infrared rotational absorption 2 B  20 cm1 = constant  B  10 cm1
Since, the distance of first stokes lines from Rayleigh line is 6B. Therefore, the position of first Stokes
line in the rotational Raman spectrum  6 10 cm1  60cm1 .
44. A metal with body centered cubic (bcc) structure shows the first (i.e. smallest angle) diffraction peak at a
o
Bragg angle of   30o . The wavelength of X-ray used is 2.1A . The volume of the primitive unit cell of
the metal is
o o o o
(a) 26.2(A)3 (b) 13.1(A)3 (c) 9.3(A)3 (d) 4.6(A)3
Soln. Given that :   2.1A0 ,  300 , bcc structure

 2.1A0 2.1A0
Form Bragg’s law: 2d sin     d     2.1A0
2sin  2  sin 30 0
2
1
2
For first diffraction peak (hkl) = (100)
a
d  a  d  h 2  k 2  l 2  a  2.1 A  12  02  02  a  2.1 A
h k l
2 2 2
3
 
Therefore, volume of the unit cell  a   2.1 A   9.261 A3  9.3 A3
3
 
45. In the following circuit, Tr1 and Tr2 are identical transistors having VBE  0.7V . The current passing
throug the transistor Tr 2 is
(a) 57 mA (b) 50 mA (c) 48 mA (d) 43 mA
Soln. Given VBE  0.7 V (identical transistor)
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Here, Ic2  Ic1 because it is current mirror circuit.

By applying KVL through dotted loop
5  Ic1 100  0.7
Ic1  43 mA  Ic2
46. The following Boolean expression

Y  A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C DA B C D
can be simplified to
(a) A B C  A D (b) A B C  A D (c) A B C  A D (d) A B C  A D
1000 0001 0011
Soln. Y  ABCD  ABC D  ABCD  ABCD  ABCD  ABCD

0101 0111 1001
It is a 4 variable Boolean function which can be minimized by using K – map
f  C   D
47. Consider the following circuit
Which of the following correctly represent the output Vout corresponding to the input Vin ?
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. Let’s redraw the circuit.
10 1 10 1
Vf  Vf  V f  Vin  Vsat
1 4 1 4
V f  Vin  Vsat
V f  VUT  2 Volt V f  2 Volt
Vf  2 V VLT  2 V
Upper threshold Lower threshold
O/P of this (+) ve feedback circuit is a square wave [Schmitt Trigger]
Note: (1) when input wave crosses VUT ,V0 makes transition from VSAT to  VSAT
(2) When input wave drops below VLT ,V0 makes transition from VSAT to  VSAT

Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
z sin z
Consider a function f ( z )  of a complex variable z
( z   )2
48. Which of the following statements is true for the function f ( z ) ?
(a) f ( z ) is analytic everywhere in the complex plane
(b) f ( z ) has a zero at z  
(c) f ( z ) has a pole of order 2 at z  
(d) f ( z ) has a simple pole at z  
z sin z
Soln. f ( z )  (Putting z    t )
( z   )2
(t   )sin(t   ) (t   )[ sint]
 2

t t2
sin t sin t 1  t 3 t 3  1  t3 t3 
 f ( z)     2  t    ......  2 t    ......
t t t  3! 5!  t  3! 5! 
Highest negative power in the Laurent series expansion is 1/t
So, f ( z ) has a simple pole at z  
49. Consider a counter clockwise circular contour z  1 about the origin. The integral  f ( z) dz over this
contour is
(a) i (b) 0 (c) i (d) 2i
Soln. Since, z   lies outside the circle.
z sin z
Therefore, 
C ( z   )2
dz  0

The tight binding energy dispersion (E-k) relation for electrons in a one-dimensional array of atoms
having lattice constant a and total length L is
E  E0    2 cos(ka)
where E0 ,  and  constants and k is the wave vector
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
50. The density of states of electrons (including spin degeneracy) in the band is given by
L L L L
(a) (b) (c) (d)
 a sin(ka) 2 a sin(ka) 2 a cos( ka)  a cos(ka)
L L L*
Soln. Density of states   
 dE  d  2 a sin ka
      E0    2 cos(ka)
 dk   dk 
51. The effective mass of electrons in the band is given by

2 2 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
 a 2 cos(ka) 2 a 2 cos(ka)  a 2 sin(ka) 2 a 2 sin(ka)
2 2 2
Soln. Effective mass (m*)   
 d 2E   d  d
 2   E0    2 cos(ka)   2 a sin(ka)
 dk   dk  dk
2
 m* 
2 a 2 sin(ka)
Linked Answer Questions

Statement for Linked Answer Question 52 and 53:
In a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator, 0 , 1 and  2 are respectively the ground, first and the second
excited states. These three states are normalized and are orthogonal to one another.  1 and  2 are two
states defined by
 1  0  21  32
 2  0  1  2
where  is a constant?
52. The value of  for which  2 is orthogonal to  1 is

(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) -2
Soln.  2 will be orthogonal to  1 if
1  2  0   0  2 1  3 1   0  1   2   0  1  2  3  0    1
53. For the value of  determined in Q.52, the expectation value of energy of the oscillator in the state  2 is
(a)  (b) 3  2 (c) 3  (d) 9  2
1 1 1
Soln. Normalized form of  2 :  2  0  1  2
3 3 3
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1 1  1 3  1 5  3
Therefore, E  P0 E0  P1 E1  P2 E2                 
3 2  3 2  3 2  2
54. The electric field E ( x, y, z, t ) corresponding to the above wave is given by

 k  (iˆ  ˆj )  k  (iˆ  ˆj )
(a) cB0 sin ( x  y )  t  (b) cB0 sin ( x  y )  t 
 2  2  2  2
 k   k 
(c) cB0 sin ( x  y )  t  iˆ (d) cB0 sin ( x  y )  t  ˆj
 2   2 

Soln. B  B0 sin ( x  y )

k
2

 t  k , wave vector k 

k
2
i j  
We know the solution,
1 1
E  K  B    c2  K  B 
      
0 0

 cB0 sin ( x  y )

k
2

 
 t   i  j

k 
k
2 

 cB0 sin ( x  y)

k
2

 
 t  i  j

k
2
  
 cB0 i  j sin ( x  y )

k
2

 t 

55. The average pointing vector is given by

cB02 (iˆ  ˆj ) cB 2 (iˆ  ˆj ) cB02 (iˆ  ˆj ) cB02 (iˆ  ˆj )
(a) (b)  0 (c) (d) 
2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2
 E  H * 
cB02
T
2  k  
 i j
T 0 0
Soln. S  sin  ( x  y )   t  dt
 2  2
 1T 2 

cB02
T 0
 
i j 
 T 0
 sin ( x  y )
k
2
  t  dt 

1
2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974

1. Identify the correct statement for the following vectors a  3iˆ  2 ˆj and b  iˆ  2 ˆj
(a) The vectors a and b are linearly independent

(b) The vectors a and b are linearly dependent
(c) The vectors a and b are orthogonal
(d) The vectors a and b are normalized
Soln. Given vectors are a  3i  2 J , b  i  2J

If a and b are linearly dependent then we must have
a  mb  0,  0, m  0
  3i  2 J   m i  2 J   0
 3  m  0 and 2  2m  0
These equations do not have non – zero solution i.e.,  0, m  0
Therefore, a and b are linearly independent.
Further, a.b  0, not orthogonal
a  1, b  1 not normalized.
2. Two uniform thin rods of equal length, L , and masses M 1 and M 2 are joined together along the length.
The moment of inertia of the combined rod of length 2L about an axis passing through the mid-point and
perpendicular to the length of the rod is
L2 L2 L2 L2
(a)  M 1  M 2  (b)  M 1  M 2  (c)  M 1  M 2  (d)  M 1  M 2 
12 6 3 2
Soln. Moment of inertia of a thin rod about an axis passing through its one end and perpendicular to its length
mL2
is , where m = mass, L = length of rod
3
Therefore, for given system
M L2 M L2 L2
Moment of inertia  1  2   M1  M 2 
3 3 3
3. The space time dependence of the electric field of a linearly polarized light in free space is given by
xE0 cos(t  kz ) where E0 ,  and k are the amplitude, the angular frequency and the wave-vector,
respectively. The time averaged energy density associated with the electric field is
1 1
(a)  0 E02 (b)  0 E02 (c)  E02 (d) 2 0 E02
4 2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1 1
Soln. E  E0 cos (t  kz )  uE  0 E 2  uE  0 E02 cos2 (t  kz )
2 2
1 1  1
uE  0 E02 cos 2 (t  kz )  0 E02  cos 2 (t  kz )  
2 4  2
4. If the peak output voltage of a full wave rectifier is 10 V, its d.c. voltage is
(a) 10.0V (b) 7.07 V (c) 6.36 V (d) 3.18 V
Soln. VDC for full wave rectifier


1 2 Vm

VDC  V .sin t.dt 
0
m

2 Vm
VDC  , Putting the value of Vm , we get

2 10
VDC   6.36 Volt

DC value is also referred as average value.
5. A particle of mass is confined in a two dimensional square well potential of dimension a. This
potential V(x, y) is given by
V ( x, y ) = 0 for a  x  a and a  y  a
=  elsewhere
The energy of the first excited state for this particle is given by
2 2 2 2 2 5 2 2 4 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
ma 2 ma 2 2ma 2 ma 2
Soln. Energy eigenvalues of the particle confined in a two dimensional square well potential of width 2a is
2 2
2 2
Enx ny 
2m(2a) 2 n
2
x n 2
y   8ma  n
2
2
x  ny2 
2 2
5 2 2
2 
Energy of the first excited state of the particle is E21 (or E12 )  12  22  
8ma 8ma 2
Note: The question in the original paper is wrong.
6. The isothermal compressibility,  of an ideal gas at temperature T0 and volume V0 is given by

1 V 1 V P P
(a)  (b) (c) V0 (d) V0
V0 P T0 V0 P T0 V T0 V T0
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1  V 
Soln. The isothermal compressibility is defined as T    
V0  P T0
It actually explains how does the volume of a substance change when pressure on it changes at constant
temperature and hence explains how easily a material can be compressed.
7. The ground state of sodium atom (11Na) is a 2S1/2 state. The difference in energy level arising in the
presence of a weak external magnetic field B, given in terms of Bohr magneton, B is
(a)  B B (b) 2B B (c) 4B B (d) 6B B
 1 1
Soln. For 2 S1/2 state :  0,  2 s  1  2  s   , J 
 2 2
For weak field, this state will split into two (2 J  1  2) energy levels.
 
The energy of splitted levels is given by E   g B J .B   g B BJ cos   g B Bm j
1 3 1 3 3 3
   01      
J ( J  1)  (  1)  s( s  1)  2 2
 1 
2 2 4 4
For 2 S1/2 state : g  1   1  11  2
2 J ( J  1)  1 3 6
 2    
 2 2 4
 1  1 
Therefore, the energy of upper level,  mJ     (2)(  B )   B     B B
 2  2 
 1  1 
The energy of lower level,  mJ     (2)(  B )   B     B B
 2  2 
Therefore, the difference in energy levels  B B  B B  2B B
Hence, correct option is (b).
8. For an ideal Fermi gas in three dimensions the electron velocity v F at the Fermi surface is related to
electron concentration n as
(a) v F  n 2/3 (b) v F  n (c) v F  n1/2 (d) v F  n1/3
Soln. The Fermi energy of a Fermi gas can be given as

2
 3 n 
2/3
EF  2
 EF  n 2/3 …. (i)
2m
1
Now, this Fermi energy is related to velocity vF at the Fermi surface as EF  mvF2
2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
2
1 2
 3 2 n   vF2  n 2/3  vF2  n1/3
2/3
 mvF 
2 2m
Hence, correct option is (d).
9. Which one of the following sets corresponds to fundamental particles?

(a) proton, electron and neutron
(b) proton, electron and photon
(c) electron, photon and neutrino
(d) quark, electron and meson
Soln. Electron, photon and neutrino do not have substructures and hence are the fundamental particles.
10. In case of a Geiger-Muller (GM) counter, which one of the following statements is correct?
(a) multiplication factor of the detector is of the order of 1010
(b) type of the particles detected can be identified
(c) energy of the particles detected can be distinguished
(d) operating voltage of the detector is few tens of volts
Soln. Correct option is (a).
11. A plane electromagnetic wave traveling in free space is incident normally on a glass plate of refractive
index 3 2. If there is no absorption by the glass, its reflectivity is
(a) 4% (b) 16% (c) 20% (d) 50%
 3
 n1  n2   1  2  1 1
Soln. Reflectivity is given as R    3  100  4%
 n1  n2   1   25 25
 2
12. A Ge semiconductor is doped with acceptor impurity concentration of 1015 atoms cm3. For the given
hole mobility of 1800 cm2 V-s, the resistivity of this material is
(a) 0.288  cm (b) 0.694  cm (c) 3.472  cm (d) 6.944  cm
1 1
Soln.   ne  15  3.472  cm
ne 10 1.6 1019 1800
13. A classical gas of molecules, each of mass , is in thermal equilibrium at the absolute temperature, T.
The velocity components of the molecules along the Cartesian axes are vx , v y and vz . The mean value of
(vx  v y ) 2 is
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
k BT 3 kBT 1 kBT 2kBT

(a) (b) (c) (d)
m 2 m 2 m m
v  vy   vx2  vy2  2vx .vy

2
Soln. x
v  vy 
2
 x  vx2  vy2  2 vx .vy
From equipartition theorem,
1 1 kT
m vx2  kBT  vx2  B
2 2 m
k T
Similarly, vy2  B
m
vx v y  vx v y  0 as vx  0 and v y  0
v  vy 
kBT kBT 2k T
2
 x   0  B
m m m
14. In a central force field, the trajectory of a particle of mass m and angular momentum L in plane polar
coordinates is given by
1 m
 (1   cos  )
r L2
where,  is the eccentricity of the particle’s motion? Which one of the following choices for  gives rise
to a parabolic trajectory?
(a)   0 (b)   1 (c) 0    1 (d)   1
Soln. From the mathematical concepts of conic section it is known that for parabola   1
15. Identify the correct energy band diagram for silicon doped with Arsenic. Here CB, VB, ED and EF are
conduction band valence band impurity level and Fermi level respectively.
Soln. Arsenic is penta – valent.

Note: In N – type semi conductor as doping increase Fermi level moves towards the conduction band.
Hence, it is lies nearly donar energy level.
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
16. The first Stokes line of a rotational Raman spectrum is observed at 12.96cm1 . Considering the rigid rotor
approximation the rotational constant is given by
(a) 6.48cm1 (b) 3.24cm1 (c) 2.16cm1 (d) 1.62cm1
Soln. The position of first stokes line of a rotational Raman spectrum 6  12.96cm1    2.16cm1 Hence,
the rotational constant   2.16cm1
Hence, correct option is (c).
N 5/3
17. The total energy, E of an ideal non-relativistic Fermi gas in three dimensions is given by E  Where
V 2/3
N is the number of particles and V is the volume of the gas. Identify the correct equation of state (P being
the pressure),
1 2 5
(a) PV  E (b) PV  E (c) PV  E (d) PV  E
3 3 3
5 5 5
 E  2 N
3
kN 3
2 k N 3 2 E
Soln. E   P     k  P . . 2  .
 V  S , N 3  V 
2
V
3
3 V V 3 3 V
2
 PV  E
3
18. Consider the wave function    (r1 , r2 )  s for a fermionic system consisting of two spin-half particles.
The spatial part of the wave function is given by,
1
 (r1 , r2 )  1 (r1 )2 (r2 )  2 (r1 )1 (r2 )
2
Where 1 and 2 are single particle states. The spin part  s of the wave function with spin states
and should be
1 1
(a) (   ) (b) (   )
2 2
(c)  (d) 
Soln. For a system of identical Fermions, total wave function should be anti – symmetric in nature. The given
spatial part of the wave function is symmetric under particle exchange, therefore the spin part of the
wave function should be anti – symmetric under particle exchange.
19. The electric and the magnetic fields E ( z, t ) and B( z, t ) , respectively corresponding to the scalar potential
ˆ are
 ( z , t )  0 and vector potential A( z, t )  itz
ˆ and B   jt
(a) E  iz ˆ and B  jt
(b) E  iz ˆ and B   jt
(c) E  iz ˆ and B  jt
(d) E  iz
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
A
Soln. E     E  iz
t
i j k i j k
     
B   A     j (0  t )  jt
x y z x y z
Ax Ay Az tz 0 0
20. Consider the following OP-AMP circuit
Which one of the following correctly represents the output Vout corresponding to the input Vin?
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln.
When Vin is greater than Va, output V0  VSAT

21. Deuteron has only bound state with spin parity 1+, isospin 0 and electric quadruple moment 0.286 efm2.
These data suggest that nuclear forces are having
(a) only spin and isospin dependence.
(b) no spin dependence and no tensor components.
(b) no spin dependence but no tensor components.
(d) spin dependence along with tensor components.
Soln. The nuclear forces are same formentron neutron proton and proton – proton inside nucleus. Therefore, it
suggests that these forces are not isospin dependent. The spin and quadrupole moment is no – zero,
therefore, they have spin dependence along with tensor components.
22. A particle of unit mass moves along the x-axis under the influence of a potential, V ( x)  x( x  2)2 . The
particle is found to be in stable equilibrium at the point x  2 . The time period of oscillation of the
particle is
 3
(a) (b)  (c) (d) 2
2 2
Soln. Given: V ( x)  x( x  2)2 , m  1

m
Time period  2 k 0
k
d 2V d 2V d 
k  2   x  2   2 x  x  2  x2
2
dx 2 dx dx 
at stable point x 2
 2  x  2   2  x  2   2 x  x 2  4
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
m I
 Time period  2  2 
k 4
23. Which one of the following cannot be explained by considering a harmonic approximation for the lattice
vibrations in solids?
(a) Debye’s T3 law (b) Dulong Petit’s law
(c) Optical branches in lattices (d) Thermal expansion
Soln. Expression for potential energy of thermal expansion is given by U ( x)  (cx2  gx3  fx4 ) . This is a non
– harmonic approximation in the lattice vibration in solids. Here x is the displacement of their
equilibrium position.
24. A particle is constrained to move in a truncated harmonic potential well ( x  0) as shown in the figure.
Which one of the following statements is correct?
(a) The parity of the first excited state is even

(b) The parity of the ground state is even
1
(c) The ground state energy is 
2
7
(d) The first excited state energy id 
2
Soln. Since the potential under which the particle is moving i.e. truncated harmonic oscillator potential, is not
symmetric about x = 0, therefore the wave function for the different states of the particle should not have
a definite parity.
Energy eigenvalues of a particle moving under a truncated harmonic oscillator potential are
 3
En   2n   
 2
3 7
Therefore, ground state energy and first excited state energy will be  and  respectively.
2 2
25. The number of independent components of the symmetric tensor Aij with indices i, j  1, 2,3 is
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 9
Soln. For symmetric tensor, Aij  Aij

Therefore, if 3 of the off – diagonal elements are known then the other 3 off – diagonal elements are also
know. Hence, number of independent components = 3 diagonal +3 off – diagonal = 6
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1 0
26. Consider a system in the unperturbed state described by the Hamiltonian, H 0    . The system is
0 1
  
subjected to a perturbation of the form H '    , where   1 . The energy eigen values of the
  
perturbed system using the first order perturbation approximation are
(a) 1 and (1 + 2) (b) (1 + ) and (1 – )
(c) (1 + 2) and (1 –2) (d) (1 + ) and (1 –2)
1 0
Soln. Energy eigenvalues corresponding to unperturbed Hamiltonian H 0    is E0  1,1 .
0 1 
1 0   
Since the unperturbed Hamiltonian H 0    and perturbing Hamiltonian H '    will give the
0 1    
first order correction to energy.
Eigenvalue equation of H’: –
  
H '  I  0   0    2 , 0
  
Energy eigenvalues of the perturbed system using the first order perturbation approximation, will be
1  2 and 1 respectively.
27. Inverse susceptibility 1/χ  as a function of temperature T for a material undergoing paramagnetic to
ferromagnetic transition is given in the figure. Where O is the origin. The values of the Curie constant C
and the Weiss molecular field constant  in CGS units are
(a) C  5 105 ,   3 102 (b) C  3 102 ,   5 105

(c) C  3 102 ,   2 104 (d) C  2 104 ,   3 102
Soln. The magnetic susceptibility of a ferromagnetic material is given by

C
 …. (i)
(T  C )
C C 1
At T  0 K ;  r 0 K   
(0  C ) (C ) 
   2  104     2  104
1
 
 r 0 K
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
TC 600
And also TC  C  C    300 104  3102
 2 104
2
 C  3 10
28. A plane polarized electromagnetic wave in free space at time t  0 is given by

E( x, z)  10 j exp i(6 x  8z) . The magnetic field B( x, z, t ) is given by
1
(a) B( x, z, t )  (6 x  8iˆ) exp i(6 x  8z 10ct )
c
1
(b) B( x, z, t )  (6 x  8iˆ) exp i(6 x  8z  10ct )
c
1
(c) B( x, z, t )  (6 x  8iˆ) exp i(6 x  8z  ct )
c
1
(d) B( x, z, t )  (6 x  8iˆ) exp i(6 x  8z  10ct )
c
Soln. E  10 j exp i(6 x  8 z )  E ( x, z, t )  10 j exp i(6 x  8 z  10ct )     ck  10c 

k  6 x  8z  k  10

1 1
 
B  k  E(x, z, t)   6k  8i exp i(6 x  8z  10ct )
c  c
0 1 0
 
29. The eigen values of the matrix  1 0 1  are
0 1 0
 
1 1
(a) 0, 1, 1 (b) 0,  2, 2 (c) , ,0 (d)
2 2
Soln. Trace of the matrix  1  2  3  0
Only option (b) satisfies this.
30. Match the typical spectroscopic regions specified in Group I with the corresponding type of transitions
in Group II.
Group I Group II
(P) Infra-red region (i) electronic transitions involving valence electrons
(Q) Ultraviolet-visible region (ii) nuclear transitions
(R) X-ray region (iii) vibrational transitions of molecules
(S) -ray region (iv) transitions involving inner shell electrons
(a) (P, i), (Q, iii), (R, ii), (S, iv) (b) (P,ii), (Q,iv), (R,i), (S,iii)
(c) (P, iii), (Q, i), (R, iv), (S, ii) (d) (P, iv), (Q, i), (R, ii), (S, iii)
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. P. Infrared region 3. Vibrational transitions of molecules

Q. Ultraviolet visible region 1. Electronic transition involving valence electrons
R. X – ray region 4. Transitions involving inner shell electrons
S.  – ray region 2. Nuclear transitions
31. In the following circuit, for the output voltage to be V0  (V1  V2 / 2) , the ratio R1 / R2 is
(a) 1/2 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

Soln.
(Since, Va  Vb due to virtual short)

V V R
Given V0  V1  2 ; Va  Vb  2 2
2 V2  R2
Applying KCL at node – (a)
Va  Vb Va V0
 0
R R
2Va  V1  V0 ; Put Va value
2V2  R2
 V1  V0
R1  R2
Compare this equation with given V0 value
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1 2 R2 1 R2 R1  R2
     4
2 R1  R2 4 R1  R2 R2
R R1
 4  1 1  3
R2 R2
32. The terms  j1 , j2 J arising from 2 s1 3d 1 electronic configuration in j-j coupling scheme are
1 3  1 5  1 1  1 3 
(a)  ,  and  ,  (b)  ,  and  , 
 2 2 2,1  2 2 3,2  2 2 1,0  2 2 2,1
1 1  1 5  3 1 1 5 
(c)  ,  and  ,  (d)  ,  and  , 
 2 2 1,0  2 2 3,2  2 2 2,1  2 2 3,2
Soln. The given electronic configuration  2 s1 3d 1
1
For 2s1 electron:  0, S 
2
1
For 3d 1 electron:  2, S 
2
Thus, the total angular momentum (J1) for 2s1 electron
 1  1 1
J1   S to  S   0   to  0   
 2  2 2
The total angular momentum (J2) for 3d 1 electron
 1  1 5 3
J1   S to  S   2   to  2    ,
 2  2 2 2
Thus, total angular momentum J in j – j, coupling is given by
1 3 1 3 1 3
For J1  and J 2  : J1  J1  J 2 to J1  J 2     to   2,1.
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 3 1 5 1 5
For J1  and J 2  : J   to   2,3.
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 3  1 5 
Thus, we can write it as  ,  and  , 
 2 2 2,1  2 2 3,2
Hence, correct option is (a).
33. In the following circuit, the voltage drop across the ideal diode in forward bias conditions is 0.7 V
The current passing through the diode is

(a) 0.5 mA (b) 1.0 mA (c) 1.5 mA (d) 2.0 mA
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. Given V (u )  0.7 Volt
Solve this circuit i2  1mA

Applying KVL rule,
Loop – (1): 24 = 12 ii  6(i1  i2 ) ….(i)
Loop – (2): 0.7 = 3.3 ii  6(i2  i1 ) ….(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get i2  1mA
34. Choose the correct statement from the following

(a) Neutron interacts through electromagnetic interaction
(b) Electron does not interact through weak interaction
(c) Neutrino interacts through weak and electromagnetic interaction
(d) Quark interacts through strong interaction but not through weak interaction
Soln. Charged particles interact through electromagnetic interactions. In weak all particles interact and
neutrinos interact through weak.
35. A rod of proper length l0 oriented parallel to the x-axis moves with speed 2c / 3 along the x-axis in the S-
frame, where c is the speed of the light in free space. The observer is also moving along the x-axis with
speed c/2 with respect to the S-frame. The length of the rod as measured by the observer is
(a) 0.35l0 (b) 0.48l0 (c) 0.87l0 (d) 0.97l0
Soln.
Velocity of rod with respect to observer

2c c

v v c
vro  r 0  3 2 
vr .v0 2c c 4
1 2 
c 1 3 2
c2
Length of rod in observer’s frame is
2 2
 vr 0  c/4 15
 0 1    0 1   
0
 0.47 0
 c   c  4
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
36. A simple cubic crystal with lattice parameter ac undergoes transition into a tetragonal structure with
lattice parameters at  bt  2ac and ct  2ac , below a certain temperature. The ratio of the interplanar
spacing of (1 0 1) planes for the cubic and the tetragonal structures is
1 1 3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 6 8 8
Soln. Relation between lattice parameters: a, b and c; and interplaner spacing’s of (hkl) plane is given by
1
d hkl  ….. (i)
 h2 k 2 l 2 
 2 2 2
a b c 
For simple cubic crystal, a  b  c  ac , d (101)  ?
1 1 a
 d hkl  (d101 )    c ….. (ii)
12 02 12 2 2
  2
ac2 ac2 ac2 ac
For tetragonal crystal, at  bt  2a ; ct  2ac
1
 d hkl  (d101 ) 
2
1 02 12
 
     
2 2 2
2ac 2ac 2ac
1 1 2a
   c ….. (iii)
1 1 3 3
2
 2 2
2ac 4ac 4ac
ac
(d101 )c 3ac 3
  2   .
(d101 )t 2ac 2 2ac 8
3
37. Consider the following circuit in which the current gain  dc lof the transistor is 100
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Which one of the following correctly represent the load line (collector current IC with respect to collector
emitter voltage VCE) and Q-point of this circuit?
Soln. t / c  100
For drawing DC load line   High

Applying KVL at emitter collector loop.
15  900 IC  VCE  100 IC ; Load line equation
Put VCE  0  IC  15 mA
Put IC  0  ICE  15 V
Now KVL at Base – Emitter loop

15  100  I B  0.7  0.1 I E
I E   I B ; I E  (  1) I B ; TE  101 I B
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
I B  0.13 mA
IC   .I B  100  0.13
I C  13 mA
15  0.9  IC  VCE  0.1 I E
Put value of I C and I E
VCE  2V
38. Consider a system whose three energy levels are given by 0,  and 2 . The energy level  is two-fold
1
degenerate and the other two are non-degenerate. The partition function of the system with   is
k BT
given by
(a) 1  2e  c (b) 2e    e 2  c (c) (1  e  )2 (d) 1  e    e 2 
Soln. The partition function is

Z   g ( i )e   . i  1e   .0  2e   .  1e   .2
i
 1  2e   e2   (1  2e  )2

39. Two infinitely extended homogeneous isotropic dielectric media (medium-1 and medium-2 with
 
dielectric constants 1  2 and 2  5 , respectively) meet at the z = 0 plane as shown in the figure. A
0 0
uniform electric field exists everywhere. For z  0 , the electric field is given by E1  2iˆ  3 j  5k . The
interface separating the two media is charge free. The electric displacement vector in the medium-2 is
given by
(a) D2   0 10iˆ  15 j  10k  (b) D2   0 10iˆ  15 j  10k 

(c) D2   0  4iˆ  6 j  10k  (d) D2   0  4iˆ  6 j  10k 
Soln. Since surface is charge free

 D 2 . n  D1 . n
 5 0 E2n  2 0 5
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
E2n  2k
And E2t  E1r ; E2t  (2i  3 j )
 E 2  (2i  3 j  2k)
   
D 2   0 5 E 2   0 10i  15 j  10k 
3/2
1 1  r / a0
40. The ground state wave function for the hydrogen atom is given by 100    e , where a0 is
4  a0 
the Bohr radius. The plot of the radial probability density, P ( r ) for the hydrogen atom in the ground state
is
Soln. Radial probability density for the ground state of Hydrogen atom is
1 2 2 r / a3
P(r )   100 r 2 
2
r e
4 a03
For small’s ‘r’, the term ‘r2’ will dominate and for large ‘r’, the term ' e2 r / a0 ' will dominate.
41. Total binding energies of O15, O16 and O17 are 111.96 MeV, 127.62 MeV and 131.76 MeV respectively.
The energy gap between 1 p1/ 2 and 1d 5/2 neutron shells for the nuclei whose mass number is close to 16 is
(a) 4.1 MeV (b) 11.5MeV (c) 15.7MeV (d) 19.8 MeV
Soln. For  1
p1/2  , 15  0 n1 16
Therefore, binding energy of n in  1
p1/2 
 B.E.  16   B.E.  15  (as n has zero B.E.)
= 127.62 – 111.96 = 15.66 MeV
For  1d5/2  , 16  0 n1 17
Therefore, binding energy of n is  1
p1/2 
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
 B.E.  17   B.E.  16 

= 131.76 – 127.62 = 4.14 MeV
Therefore, energy difference = 15.66 – 4.14 = 11.52 MeV
42. A particle of mass m is attached to a fixed point O by a weightless inextensible string of length a. It is
rotating under the gravity as shown in the figure
The Lagrangian of the particle is
1
L( ,  )  ma 2 ( 2  sin 2  2 )  mga cos 
2
Where  and  are the polar angles. The Hamiltonian of the particle is
1  2 p2 
(a) H   
p    mga cos 
2ma 2  sin 2 
1  2 p 
2
(b) H  2 
p  2   mga cos 
2ma  sin  
2  
p 2  p2   mga cos 
1
(c) H 
2ma
(d) H 
1
2ma 2
 p2  p2   mga cos
1   

Soln. L( ,  )  ma 2   2  sin 2   2   mga cos 
2  
L   p
p   ma 2      2
 ma
L   p
p   ma 2 sin 2     


ma sin 2 
2
Hamiltonian is defined as
H   pi qi  L
  1   

H  p   p   ma 2   2  sin 2   2   mga cos 
2  
  1  2 p2 
Put  and  to get H   p  2   mga cos 
2ma 2  sin  
43. Given F  r  B , where B  B0 (iˆ  ˆj  kˆ) is a constant vector and r is the position vector. The value of
 F  dr , where C is a circle of unit radius centered at origin is

C
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
(a) 0 (b) 2 B0 (c) 2 B0 (d) 1

Soln. F  rB
 F.d r    F ; d S     r  B . d S

C S
       
  B. r  r. B  r .B  B .r .d S
S
   B  0  0  3B .d S   2 B.d S   2 B   2 B

0 0
44. The value of the integral  e1/ z dz , using the contour C of circle with unit radius | z | 1 is
C
(a) 0 (b) 1  2 i (c) 1  2 i (d) 2 i
 1 1 1 
Soln. f ( z )  e1/z  1    .......
 z 2! z 
2
f ( z ) has an essential singular point at z = 0.
e dz  2 i [Residue of f ( z ) at z = 0]
1/ z
 2 i [Coefficients of 1/z]  2 i
45. A paramagnetic system consisting of N spin-half particles is placed in an external magnetic field. It is
found that N/2 spins are aligned parallel and the remaining N/2 spins are aligned antiparallel to the
magnetic field. The statistical entropy of the system is
N 3N
(a) 2 NkB ln 2 (b) kB ln 2 (c) kB ln 2 (d) NkB ln 2
2 2
Soln. The number of microstates when N particles are distributed into N1 and N2 particles are :b
N!
 , where N1  N2  N
N1 ! N 2 !
N N!
Given : N1  N 2  ,   
2 N1 ! N 2 !
22
 N
The entropy is S  k B n  k B  n( N )! 2 n  !
 2
Using stirling approximation, nN !  N nN  N (for large N)
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
  N N N 
 S  kB ( N nN  N )  2  n  
 2 2 2 
 N
 k B  N n N  N n   Nk B n 2
 2
46. The equilibrium vibration frequency for an oscillator is observed at 2990cm1 . The ratio of the
frequencies corresponding to the first and the fundamental spectral lines is 1.96. Considering the
oscillator to be anharmonic, the anharmoncity constant is
(a) 0.005 (b) 0.02 (c) 0.05 (d) 0.1
Soln. The vibrational terms (energies in wave number unit m-1 or cm-1) of diatomic molecules are given by
2
  1 
G v  e  v    e xe  v  
 2 
1
2
Where, v is called vibrational quantum number
e is the wave – number spacing of energy levels that would occur if the potential were a parabola.
e xe is called an harmonicity constant that arise of potential curve is not a perfect parabola.
Thus,
1 x
G(0)  e  e e ….. (1)
2 4
3 9
G(1)  e  e xe ….. (2)
2 4
5 25
G(2)  e  e xe ….. (3)
2 4
Fundamental band corresponds to the transition, v( 0)  v(1), therefore, wave number
v0  G(1)  G(0)  e  2e xe
First spectral lines (or first overtone band) corresponds to
v(0)  v(2), thus v1  G(2)  G(0)  2e  6e xe
Ratio of frequencies,
v1 2(e  3e xe )
  1.96 [Given]
v0 e  2e xe
 e  0.01923  e  0.02
47. At a certain temperature T, the average speed of nitrogen molecules in air is found to be 400 m/s. The
most probable and the root mean square speeds of the molecules are, respectively
(a) 355 m s, 434 m s (b) 820 m s, 917 m s (c) 152 m s, 301 m s (d) 422 m s, 600 m s
8 kBT
Soln. The average speed, vav.  ….. (i)
 m
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
2kBT
The most probable speed, v  ….. (ii)
m
3kBT
and the r.m.s. speed, vr .m.s  ….. (iii)
m
v 2 
from equation (i) and (ii),  
vav 8/ 2
 
 v  vav. 
 400  354.49 m / s  355 m / s
2 2
Now from equations (i) and (iii),
vr .m.s 3 3 3
   vr .m.s vav.   400  354.16 m / s  434 m / s
vav. 8/ 8 8
48. The energy of the particle is

5 2k 2 3 2k 2 k22 2
k2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2m 4m 2m m
 2 ikx
2 2 2 2
k 2 2
k
Soln. H   
2 
e  2e  ikx

   
 (ik )(ik ) e ikx
 ( ik )( ik )2e  ikx

  
 e ikx
 2e  ikx

  .
2m x 2m 2m 2m
2 2
k
Energy of the particle is E 
2m
49. The probability current density for the real part of the wave function is
k k
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 0
m 2m
Soln. Real part of the wave function Re( )  cos kx  2 cos kx

Probability current density of the real part of the wave function is
i   *  
J   *  0 (Since    * for real wavefunction)
2m  x x 
50. The group velocity at the boundary of the first Brillion zone is
Aa 2 1 Aa 2
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d)
2 2 2
ka
Soln.   A sin ……. (i)
2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974

At the boundary of first Brillouin zone, i.e. at K   , equation (i) gives
a
  a  
  A sin   .   A sin     A ……. (ii)
a 2  a  
d d  ka  Aa ka
It can also be solved as: Group velocity vg    A sin   2 cos 2 ….. (iii)
dK dK  2 

At the boundary of first Brillouin zone i.e. for K   , equation (ii) gives
a
Aa  
 vg  cos    vg  0 .
2 2
Standing waves produced at Brillouin zone boundary.
51. The force constant between the nearest neighbor of the lattice is (M is the mass of the atom
MA2 MA2
(a) (b) (c) MA2 (d) 2MA2
4 2
Soln. The dispersion relation (ω versus K) for one – dimensional monatomic lattice is given by
4C 4C
 sin
M M
Comparing equation (iv) and equation (i), we get (where, C is force constant)
4C 4C MA2
A  A2   C
M M 4
52. In the equilibrium condition, the separation between the positive and the negative charge centre is
(a) 8.66 1016 m (b) 2.60 1015 m (c) 2.60 1016 m (d) 8.66  1015 m
1 p
Soln. Since, E  .
4 0 a3
p qd
 a3  
4 0 E 4 0 E
4 0 a3 E 4  3.14  8.854  (0.5 1013 )  30 105 1012
 d  19
 260.63 1018 m
q 1.6 10
16
 d  2.60 10 m.
53. The polarizability of the hydrogen atom in unit of (C2m N) is

(a) 2.0  10 40 (b) 1.4 1041 (c) 1.4 1040 (d) 2.0  10 39
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. Since, dipole moment ( p )  q  d   E

qd 1.6 1019  2.6 1016
    0.139 1040
E 30 10 5
   1.4 10 41

54. The Lagrangian for this particle is given by
1 1
(a) L  mx2  mgax2 (b) L  m(1  4a 2 x2 ) x2  mgax2
2 2
1 2 1
(c) L  mx  mgax2 (d) L  m(1  4a 2 x 2 ) x 2  mgax2
2 2
Soln. Given y  ax2  y  2ax x
L  T V
2 2
2 2
55. The Lagrange’s equation of motion of the particle is

(a) x  2 gax (b) m(1  4a 2 x2 ) x  2mgax  4ma 2 xx 2
(c) m(1  4a 2 x 2 ) x  2mgax  4ma 2 xx 2 (d) x  2 gax
Soln. Equation of motion is

d  L  L
   0
dt  x  x
m 1  4a 2 x2  x   4ma 2 x2 x  2mgax  0
d

dt  
 m 1  4a 2 x 2  x  4ma 2 x 2  2mgax  0
Or 1  4a 2 x 2  x  4a 2 xx 2  2 gax  0
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974

1. is a symmetric periodic function of i.e. . Then in general, the Fourier series of the
function will be of the form
(a) f ( x)  n 1 (an (nkx)  bn sin(nkx)) (b) f ( x)  a0  n 1 (an cos(nkx))

(c) f ( x)  n 1 (bn sin(nkx)) (d) f ( x)  a0  n 1 (bn sin(nkx))
Soln. For a symmetric periodic function i.e., f ( x )  f ( x), Fourier coefficient bn  0

The Fourier series contains constant term and cosine terms.

f ( x)  a0   an cos(n k x)
n 1
2. In the most general case, which one of the following quantities is not second order tensor?
(a) stress (b) strain (c) moment of inertia (d) pressure
Soln. Stress = Force/Area, there are two directions involved with it, i.e., one is direction of force and the other
one is direction of area.
Strain = change in length/original length, there are two directions involved with it, i.e., one is the
direction of length and the direction along which length is changing.
Angular momentum
Moment of inertia  i.e., two directions involved one of angular momentum and
Angular Velocity
other of angular velocity.
Pressure = Force/Area; But here direction of force and direction of are same. Therefore, it is a first order
tensor.
3. An electron is moving with a velocity of 0.85 in the same direction as that of moving photon. The
relative velocity of the electron with respect to photon is
(a) (b) - (c) 0.15 (d) -0.15
Soln.   0.85c c

electron photon
velocity of electron w.e.r. photon is given as
v v 0.85c  c c(0.85  1)
vep  e p    c
ve .v p 1  0.85 1  0.85
c2
 vep  c
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
4. If Planck’s constant with zero, then the total energy contained in a box filled with radiation of all
frequencies at temperature would be ( is the Boltzmann constant and is non zero)
3
(a) zero (b) infinite (c) kT (d) kT
2
Soln. Energy in case of blackbody radiation is given by

E   / kBT
e 1
0
It  0, we have form.
0
So using L. Hospital’s rule, we have
  kT
E  lim  / kBT  lim  B  k BT
h 0 e 1 h  0  1
e  / k BT .
k BT
5. Across a first order phase transition, the free energy is

(a) proportional to the temperature
(b) a discontinuous function of the temperature
(c) a continuous function of the temperature but its first derivative is discontinuous
(d) such that the first derivative with respect to temperature is continuous
Soln. The free energy is continuous but its derivative is discontinuous in first order phase transition.
6. Two gases separated by an impermeable but movable partition are allowed to freely exchange energy. At
equilibrium, the two sides will have the same
(a) pressure and temperature (b) volume and temperature
(c) pressure and volume (d) volume and energy
Soln. Once the gases are allowed to freely exchange of energy, both sides will attain thermal equilibrium by
maintaining the same temperature. Besides this, due to unbalanced pressure, both sides will attain
mechanical equilibrium by balancing the pressure on both sides of the movable wall.
7. The entropy function of a system is given by S ( E )  aE ( E0  E ) where a and E0 are positive constants.
The temperature of the system is
(a) negative for some energies (b) increases monotonically with energy
(c) decreases monotonically with energy (d) zero
Soln. Given : S ( E )  aE ( E0  E )
The entropy is defined as
dE
dS 
T
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1 dS
   aE0  2aE
T dE
1
 T
a( E0  2aE )
For E0  2 E , T is negative.
8. Consider a linear collection of independent spin ½ particles, each at a fixed location. The entropy of
this system is ( is the Boltzmann constant)
1
(a) zero (b) Nk (c) Nk (d) Nk ln(2)
2
Soln. The number of microstates for N independent spin s particle are

  (2 s  1) N  2 N  s  1/ 2
The entropy is
S  k ln   Nk ln 2
9. The decay process n  p   e  ve violates

(a) baryon number (b) lepton number (c) isospin (d) strangeness
Soln. n 
 p  e  ve
B :1 1 0 0 B  0
L:0 0 1 1 L  0
I3 : 1/ 2 1/ 2 0 0 I  1  0
S:0 0 0 0 S  0
10. The isospin ( ) and baryon number ( ) of the up quark is

(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Soln. Baryon number of up quark is 1/3

Isospin number of up quark is ½.
11. Consider the scattering of neutrons by protons at very low energy due to a nuclear potential of range r0 .
Given that,

cot(kr0   )  
k
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Where  is the phase shift, the wave number and (  ) the logarithmic derivative of the deuteron
ground sate wave function the phase shift is
k   
(a)     kr0 (b)     kr0 (c)    kr0 (d)     kr0
 k 2 2
Soln. Consider the scattering of neutrons by protons at very low energy due to a nuclear potential of range r0 .

Given that cot(kr0   )   here.   Phase shift
k
k k
tan(kr0   )    kr0    
 
k
  kr0

12. In the β decay process, the transition 2  3 , is

(a) allowed both by Fermi and Gamow-Teller selection rule
(b) allowed by Fermi and but by Gamow-Teller selection rule
(c) not allowed by Fermi by allowed by Gamow-Teller selection rule
(d) not allowed by Fermi but allowed by Gamow-Teller selection rule
Soln. According to Fermi – selection rules I  0

Gamow Teller rules I  1, 0  except 0  0 
Therefore, the transition 2  3 , I  1, parity does not change. The given transition is not allowed by
Fermi but allowed by Gamow Teller selection rule.
13. At a surface current, which one of the magnetostatic boundary condition is not correct?
(a) normal component of the magnetic field is continuous
(b) normal component of the magnetic vector potential is continuous
(c) Tangential component of the magnetic vector potential is continuous
(d) Tangential component of the magnetic vector potential is not continuous
Soln. At a surface current (using boundary condition), normal component of magnetic field is continuous and
tangential component of magnetic field is discontinuous.
For vector potential: Both the normal component and tangential component are continuous
14. Interference fringes are seen at an observation plane z  0 , by the superposition of two plane waves
A1 exp i(k1  r  t ) and A2 exp i(k2  r  t ) , where A1 and A2 are real amplitudes. The condition for
interference maximum is
(a) (k1  k2 )  r  (2m  1) (b) (k1  k2 )  r  2m
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
(c) (k1  k2 )  r  (2m  1) (d) (k1  k2 )  r  2m
Soln. Equation for plane waves are given as

 1 (r , t )  A1ei ( k1r t ) ;  2 (r , t )  A2ei ( k2r t )
 
Phase difference    k1  k 2  path difference
Condition for interference maxima  k1  k 2 .r  2m  

15. For a scalar  satisfying the Laplace equation,  has

(a) zero curl and non-zero divergence (b) non-zero curl and zero divergence
(c) zero curl and zero divergence (d) non-zero curl and non zero divergence
2
Soln. Consider a scalar function ϕ which is satisfying the Laplace equation,    0
  2
.    0
Also,    0 
Hence,  has both zero divergence and zero curl.
16. A circularly polarized monochromatic plane wave is incident on a dielectric interface at Brewster angle.
Which one of the following statements is correct?
(a) The reflected light is plane polarized in the plane of incidence and the transmitted light is circularly
polarized
(b) The reflected light is plane polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence and the transmitted
light is plane polarized in the plane of incidence
(c) The reflected light is plane polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence and the transmitted
light is elliptically polarized
(d) there will be no reflected light and the transmitted light is circularly polarized
Soln. Circularly polarized light can be decomposed into two perpendicular components. One in the plane of
incidence and the other perpendicular to the plane. At Brewster angle the reflected light contains only
perpendicular component and refracted light has larger component in the plane of incidence that its
component perpendicular to the plane. As a result the reflected light will be plane polarized light where
as refracted light will be elliptically polarized light.
17. Which one of the following commutation relations is not correct? Here symbols have their usual
meanings.
(a)  L2 , Lz   0 (b)  Lx , Ly   i Lz (c)  Lz , L   L (d)  Lz , L   L
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. We know that,  L2 , Lz   0,  Lx , Ly   i Lz

 Lz , L    Lz , Lx  iLy    Lz , Lx   i  Lz , Ly   i Ly  i(i Lx )
 Lz , L    Lz , Lx  iLy   i L
18. The Lagrangian of a system with one degree of freedom q is given by L   q 2   q 2 , where  and  are
non-zero constants. If pq denotes the canonical momentum conjugate to q then which one of the
(a) pq  2 q and it is a conserved quantity
(b) pq  2 q and it is not a conserved quantity
(c) pq  2 q and it is a conserved quantity
(d) pq  2 q and it is a constant quantity
2
Soln.
L
Canonical momentum I given as pq   2 q
q
Since q is not cyclic, pq is not conserved
Correct answer is (d).
19. What should be the clock frequency of a 6-bit A D converter so that its maximum conversion time is
32  s ?
(a) 1MHz (b) 2 MHz (c) 0.5 MHz (d) 4 MHz
Soln. Given 6 – bit A/D converter analog to digital convertor.

Maximum conversion time  32  sec
Note: Not mention which type of A to D convertor is given.
Flash ADC > Successive approximation ADC > Counter type ADC > Dual slope or integrating type
Cr  1 Cr  nTc Cr  2n 1TC Cr  2n TC
Assuming Dual slope or integrating type ADC: Cr  2n TC
 32 106  26  TC  TC  0.5 106  fC  2 MHz
Note: Option (a) or (b) is correct depending on the type of ADC.
20. A phosphorous doped silicon semiconductor (doping density: 1017 3
) is heated from 100oC to 200oC.
which one of the following statements is correct?
(a) position of fermi level moves towards conduction band
(b) position of dopent level moves towards conduction band
(c) position of fermi level moves towards middle of energy gap
(d) position of dopant level moves towards middle of energy gap
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. With the increase in temperature, the concentration of minority carries starts increasing. Eventually, a
temperature is reached called the critical temperature (85°C in case of germanium and 200°C in case of
silicon) when the number of covalent bonds that are broken is very large and the number of holes is
approximately equal to the number of electrons. The extrinsic semiconductor now behaves essentially
like an intrinsic semiconductor. Therefore, at 200°C, silicon will have the Fermi – level in the middle of
energy gap.
21. Considering the BCS theory of superconductors, which one of the following statements is not correct?
( is the Planck’s constant and e is the electronic charge)
(a) presence of energy gap at temperatures below the critical temperature
(b) different critical temperatures for isotopes
h
(c) quantization of magnetic flux in superconducting ring in the unit of  
e
(d) presence of Meissner effect
Soln. Considering the BCS theory of superconductors the statement “(c) Quantization of magnetic flux in
superconducting ring in the unit of (hle)” is not correct. It correctly predicts the Meisser effect, isotope
 h 
effect and band gap in the superconductor. It is quantized in units of  
 2e 
22. Group I contains elementary excitations in solids. Group II gives the associated fields with these
excitations. Match the excitations with their associated field and select your answer as per codes given
below.
Group I Group II
(P) phonon (i) photon + lattice vibration
(Q) plasmon (ii) electron + elastic deformation
(R) polaron (iii) collective electron oscillations
(S) polariton (iv) elastic wave
Codes
(a) (P-iv), (Q-iii), (R-i), (S-ii) (b) (P-iv), (Q-iii), (R-ii), (S-i)
(c) (P-i), (Q-iii), (R-ii), (S-iv) (d) (P-iii), (Q-iv), (R-ii), (S-i)
Soln.
Group – I Group – II
P. Phonon iv. Elastic wave
Q. Plasmon iii. Collective electron oscillators
R. Polaron ii. Electron + elastic deformation
S. Polariton i. Photon + lattice vibration

23. The number of distinct ways of placing four indistinguishable balls into five distinguishable boxes is
__________.
Soln. The number of distinct ways of placing four indistinguishable balls five distinguishable boxes is
Ni  gi 1
C Ni , N i  4, gi  5 (degeneracy)
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
451 8! 8  7  6  5  4!
C4  8C4    70
4! 4! 24  4!
Correct answer is (70)
24. A voltage regulator has ripple rejection of -50dB. If input ripple is 1mV, what is the output ripple voltage
in V ? The answer should be up to two decimal places. ____________.
Soln. Ripple Rejection of voltage regulator = –50 dB

Input ripple is 1 mV
Output ripple voltage in  V
output ripple voltage
Ripple Rejection =
input ripple voltage
50 dB  20 log10 (Ripple Rejection)
Ripple rejection  3.162  103
O/ P ripple voltage
3.162 103 
1103
O/P ripple voltage  3.162 106 voltage  3.16  V
Correct answer is (3.16).
25. The number of spectral lines allowed in the spectrum for the 3 2D 3 2P transition in sodium is ______.
Soln.
Selection rules for sodium (alkali spectra) are L  1, S  0, J  0, 1(but J  0  J  0). So, only
three spectral lines are allowed.
Correct answer is (3).
26. Which of the followings pairs of the given function f(t) and its Laplace transforms f(s) is not correct?
(a) f (t )   (t ), f ( s )  1 (Singularity at +0)
1
(b) f (t )  1, f (s)  , ( s  0)
s
s
(c) f (t )  sin kt , f (s)  2 ,(s  0)
s  k2
1
(d) f (t )  tekt , f ( s)  , ( s  k , s  0)
(s  k )2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974

Soln. L  (t )     (t )e  st dt  1
0
 
 e st  1
L 1   1. e dt  
 st
 
0  s  0 s

k
L sin kt    sin kt e  st dt  2
0
s  k2

1
L t    t . e st dt 
0
s2
1 1
L tekt   L t s s k  
s2 s  s k ( s  k )2
27. If A and B are constants vectors then ( A  B  r ) is

(a) A  B (b) A  B (c) r (d) zero
  
Soln.   A. B  r     r. A  B     r. A  B .r 
       
If A and B are constant vectors, then A  B is also constant vector.  
For constant vector a,  a  r  a  

Therefore,   A  B .r   A  B
    
 1
28.   n   is equal to [Given (n  1)  n(n) and (1/ 2)   ]
 2
n! 2n ! 2n ! n!
(a) n  (b) n
 (c)  (d) 
2 n !2 n !22 n 22 n
1
Soln. For n  0,     
2
3 1 1 1
For n  1,         
2 2 2 2
5 3 3 3 1
For n  2,         . 
2 2 2 2 2
All these satisfies the form given in option (c)
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
29. The relativistic form of Newton’s second law of motion is

mc dv m c 2  v 2 dv mc 2 dv c 2  v 2 dv
(a) F  (b) F  (c) F  (d) F  m
c 2  v 2 dt c dt c 2  v 2 dt c 2 dt
Soln. For one dimensional motion, Newton’s equation of motion is written as

dv
F   3m0
dt
m0 dv
F
(1  v / c ) dt
2 2 3/2
m dv m0
F . , m
1  v / c dt
2 2
1  v2 / c2
30. Consider a gas of atoms obeying Maxwell Boltzmann statistics. The average value of ei   p over all the
momenta p of each of the particles (where a is a constant vector and a is its magnitude, m is the mass of
each atom, T is temperature and k is Boltzmann’s constant) is
1 3
 a2 mkT  a2 mkT
(a) one (b) zero (c) e 2 (d) e 2
i ( ax px u y py  az pz )
Soln. eia. p  e
Where, a  ax2  ay2  az2 & p  px2  py2  pz2

 eia. p  eiax px
ia y p y
e eiaz pz
3/2  mv2  mv2  mv2
 m 
y
 x   z
  e e dv   e e dv y   emia z z e 2 kT dvz
mia xv x 2 kT mia y v y 2 kT
v
 2 kT    
Here, we have used Maxwell Boltzmann distribution function f (vx , v y , vz ) and it is equal to
 
3/2
 m 
m 2 2 2
 vx  v y  vz
f (vx , v y , vz )    e 2 kT
 2 kT 
 m 2 2 2 
2 kT  m2 ax2 kT
mvx2 m
  ax k T ( vx ia x kT )2
Now,  e dvx  e  e 2kT dvx 
mia xv x 2 kT 2 kT
e e
 
m
 2 kT   
3/2 3/2
 m 
m 2 2 2 m
 ax  a y  az kT  a 2 kT
 e 
ia . p
   e 2
e 2
 2 kT   m 
31. The electromagnetic form factor F (q 2 ) of a nucleus is given by

 q2 
F (q 2 )  exp   2 
 2Q 
Where is a constant given that
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
4 
F (q 2 ) 
q 
0
r dr  (r )sin qr
 d r  (r )  1
3
Where  ( r ) is the charge density, the root mean square radius of the nucleus is given by
1 2 3 6
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Q Q Q Q
 q2 
Soln. The electromagnetic form factor F  q 2   exp  2 
 2Q 
And we know that, F (q)   eiq.r (r ) dr
q2 2
F (q)  1  r  ..........(q.r  1)
6
F  q2   1 
r 2  6 2  6  exp   2     2 
q q 0  2Q   2Q  q 0
3 3
 2
 r2 
Q Q
32. A uniform circular disk of radius and mass is rotating with angular speed  about an axis, passing
through its center and inclined at an angle 60 degrees with respect to its symmetry axis. The magnitude
of the angular momentum of the disk is
3 3 7 7
(a)  MR 2 (b)  MR 2 (c)  MR 2 (d)  MR 2
4 8 8 4
Soln. Angular momentum of disc is

L  ( I xxx )2  ( I yyy )2  ( I zzz )2
MR 2
Here, I xx   I yy
4
MR 2
I zz 
2
3
 x   sin 60  
2
 y  0,  z   cos 60   / 2
2
 MR 2 3
2
 MR 2  
 L      0   . 
 4 2   2 2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
MR2 3 7MR2
 1 
4 4 8
33. Consider two small blocks, each of mass , attached to two identical springs. One of the springs is
attached to the wall, as shown in the figure. The spring constant of each spring is . The masses slide
along the surface and the friction is negligible. The frequency of one of the normal modes of the system
is
3 2 k 3 3 k 3 5 k 3 6 k
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 M 2 M 2 M 2 M
Soln.
Let x1 and x2 be displacement of masses from their respective equilibrium positions. Therefore,
1 1
Kinetic energy T  M x12  M x22
2 2
1 1
Potential energy V  k ( x1  0)2  k ( x2  x1 )2
2 2
1
 k (2 x12  x22  2 x1 x2 )
2
Corresponding matrices are
1 0   2  1
T M  ,V  k  
 0 1  1 1 
For frequency ( ) of normal modes
det  2 T  V  0
2k  M  2 k
0
k 2k  M  2
Or  2k  M   k  M    k
2 2 2
0
2k 2  3Mk 2  M 2 4  k 2  0
M 2 4  3Mk 2  k 2  0
3Mk  9M 2 k 2  4M 2 k 2
 2 
2M 2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
2 
k
2M

3 5   
k
2M

3 5  
34. A charge distribution has the charge density given by   Q  ( x  x0 )   ( x  x0 ) . For this charge
distribution the electric field at (2 x0 ,0,0)
2Qxˆ Qxˆ Qxˆ Qxˆ
(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 0 x0
2
4 0 x02 4 0 x02 16 x02
Soln. We have one dimension charge density

  Q  ( x  x0 )   ( x  x0 )
Therefore, the total charge
Q    dx  Q   ( x  x0 ) dx  Q   ( x  x0 ) dx
 Q(at x  x0 )  ( Q)(at x  x0 )
Therefore, the field at (2 x0 ,0,0) point is
1 Q Q 
E  2 
4 0  x0 (3 x0 ) 2 
1  9  1 2Q
  2  x
4 0  9 x0  9 0 x02
35. A monochromatic plane wave at oblique incidence undergoes reflection at a dielectric interface. If kî , kˆr
and n̂ are the unit vectors in the directions of incident wave, reflected wave and the normal to the surface
respectively, which one of the following expressions is correct?
(a) (kî  kˆr )  nˆ  0 (b) (kî  kˆr )  nˆ  0 (c) (kî  nˆ )  kˆr  0 (d) (kî  nˆ )  kˆr  0
Soln. We know that k i , k r , n all are in the same plane.
 
The vector k i ,  n has its direction perpendicular
to the plane containing the vectors k i , n, k r

  k ,  n  .k
i r  
 0 Because k i  n  k r
36. In a normal Zeeman effect experiment spectral splitting of the line at the wavelength 643.8
corresponding to the transition 5 1 D2  5 1 P1 of cadmium atoms is to be observed. The spectrometer has a
resolution of 0.01 . The minimum magnetic field needed to observe this is
(me  9.110 kg , e  1.6 1019 C , c  3 108 m / s )
31
(a) 0.26 T (b) 0.52 T (c) 2.6 T (d) 5.2 T
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln.
Given: wavelength,   643.8 nm

Wavelength is related to wave – number by
1 
v   v   2 … (1)
 
    v2
In normal Zeeman effect experiment. Wave number separation between consecutive Zeeman level are
equal and is given by
eB
v 
4 me c
Where, B is the applied magnetic field.
Putting, e  1.6 1019 C , me  9.11031 kg, c  3 108 m/ s, we get
v  46.7 Bm1 Where, B is in Tesla …… (2)
As the spectrometer has resolution to observe a minimum spread in wavelength min  0.01 nm,
therefore from equation (1) and equation (2).
  0.01 nm  (643.8 nm)2 v  (643.8 nm)2  46.7 B m1
Thus, minimum magnetic field,
0.01 nm 0.01109
Bmin    5.166 1010 109  0.52 T
(643.8 nm)  46.7 (643.8)  46.7
2 2
37. The spacing between vibrational energy levels in CO molecule is found to be 8.44  10 2 eV . Given that
the reduced mass of CO is 1.14 1026 kg , Planck’s constant is 6.626 1034 Js and 1eV  1.6 1019 J .
The force constant of the bond in CO molecule is
(a) 1.87 N m (b) 18.7 N m (c) 187 N m (d) 1870 N m
Soln. Energy level of harmonic oscillator

 1
Ev  hvosci  v   Where, v = vibrational quantum number
 2
vosci is classical frequency given by
1 k
vosc  ; k  Force constant,   reduced mass
2 
Selection rule, v  1, gives
EV  hvosci  Equispaced energy level
Given: EV  8.44 102 eV  8.44 102 1.6 1019 J  13.504 1021 J
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1 k 4 (Ev ) 2
Also, Ev  h k 
2  2
4  (3.14)2 1.14 1026 kg  (13.504 1021 )2

k  186.74 N / m
(6.626 1034 )2
38. A lattice has the following primitive vectors (in ): a  2( Jˆ  kˆ), b  2(kˆ  iˆ), c  2(iˆ  ˆj ) . The
reciprocal lattice corresponding to the above lattice is
 
(a) BCC lattice with cube edge of   A1 (b) BCC lattice with cube edge of (2 )A1
2
 
(c) FCC lattice with cube edge of   A1 (d) FCC lattice with cube edge of (2 )A1
2
   
Soln. Primitive vectors, a  2 j  k , b  2 k  i , c  2 i  j  ……. (i)  
0 2 2
 
3
Volume of unit cell, V  a b  c  2 0 2  0 [0  4]  2 [0  4]  2 [4  0]  8  8  16 
2 2 0
Now, translation vector of reciprocal lattice

2 b  c  2  2  k  i   2  k  i    2
8 
a*     k  i  k  j  i  i  i  j   1
a.  b  c  16  3 16  
 
 j  i  k  1  i  j  k  1
2   2 

Similarly b*  i  j  k  1
 2 

and c*  i  j  k  1
2  
Therefore, volume of the reciprocal lattice,
  

V *  a * b * c * 2
  
i  j  k .  i  j  k  i  j  k 
2 2
  


1 1 1
  3 3 3
3
    1 1 1    1(1  1)  1(1  1)  1(1  1)   4 

2 8 8 2
1 1 1
Which is the volume of primitive unit cell of bcc with cube edge  3 / 2  .
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
 e2 B
39. The total energy of an ionic solid is given by an expression E    9 where  Madelung
4 0 r r
constant, r is the distance between the nearest neighbours in the crystal and is a constant. If r0 is the
equilibrium then the value of is
 e2 r08  e2 r08 2 e 2 r010  e 2 r010
(a) (b) (c) (d)
36 0 4 0 9 0 36 0
 e2 B
Soln. Total energy, E    9
4 0 r r
dE
For equilibrium,  0, (r  r0 (equilibrium separation))
dr r  r0
 e2  1   9 B   e2 9B
   0   10
4 0  r02   r010  4 0 r0 r0
2
(9 B)(4 0 )  e2 r08
 r02   B
 e2 36 0
40. A proton is confined to a cubic box, whose sides have length 1012 . What is the minimum kinetic
energy of the proton? The mass of proton is 1.67 1027 kg and Planck’s constant is 6.63  10 34 Js
(a) 1.1 10 17 J (b) 3.3  1017 J (c) 9.9 1017 J (d) 6.6 1017 J
Soln. Side of box = 10-12 m

Charge of proton  1.6  1019 coulomb
Mass of proton ( m p )  1.67 10 27 kg
Planck’s constant h  6.63 1034 J  s
 2 2 2 2
 2 x z 
.3
Minimum K.E. ( Ek )   n  n 2
y  n 2
 (nx  n y  nz  1 for minimum energy)
 2m  L 8mL2
(6.63 1034 )2  3 17
  3  3.29 10  9.9 1017 J.
8 1.67 1027  (1012 )2
16 z
41. For the function f ( z )  , the residue at the pole z  1is (your answer should be an integer)
( z  3)( z  1)2
_____________.
16 z
Soln. f ( z )  has a pole of order 2 at z  1
( z  3)( z  1)2
Residue of f ( z ) at z  1
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1 d  16 z  ( z  3).16  16 z.1 48
  ( z  1) 2 2
  3
(2  1)! dz  ( z  3)( z  1)  z 1 ( z  3) 2
z 1
( z  3) 2 z 1
42. The degenerate eigen value of the matrix

 4 1 1
 1 4 1 is (your answer should be an integer)______________.
 
 1 1 4 
Soln. Trace of the matrix  1  2  3  12

Determinant of the matrix  123  50
The combination  1  5, 2  5, 3  2 satisfies the above tow relations.
43. Consider the decay of a pion into a muon and an anti-neutrino  1   1  v in the pion rest frame.
m  139.6 MeV / c 2 , m  105.7 MeV / c 2 , mv  0
The energy (in MeV) of the emitted neutrino to the nearest integer is __________.
Soln. According to energy conservation,

E p  E  m c2
According to momentum conservation,
0  Pp  P  P   Pp
EP  PP2c 2  mr2c 4  Pr c ( mr  0)
Using (i) and (ii)
 Er c 2  P2c 2  m2 c 4  Pr c
 (m c  Pr c)  P c  m c  Pr c
2 2 2 2 2 4

m
2

 m2 c 2
2m

m 2

 m2 c 2  (139.6)2  (105.7)2  2
  c  29.7 MeV  30 MeV

Using (ii) and (iii), Ev
2m  2 139.6 
44. In a constant magnetic field of 0.6 Tesla along the z direction find the value of the path integral  A  dl
in the units of (Tesla 2) on a square loop of side length (1/ 2) meters. The normal to the loop makes
an angle of 60o to the z-axis as shown in the figure. The answer should be up to two decimal places.
_________.
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln.  A.d   1 1 1
   A .d S   B.d S  BA cos   0.6   cos 60  0.6    0.15
2 2 2
C S
45. A spin-half particle is in a linear superposition 0.8   0.6  of its spin-up and spin down states. If 
and  are the eigenstates of  z then what is the expectation value, up to one decimal place, of the
operator 10 z  5 x ? Here symbols have their usual meanings. __________
1   0   0.8 
Soln.   0.8   0.6   0.8    0.6     
0 1   0.6 
1 0   0 1 10 5 
10 z  5 x  10    5  
 0  1  1 0   5  10 
10 5  0.8  11 
 10 z  5 x   (0.8 0.6)     (0.8 0.6)    (8.8  12)  7.6
 5  10  0.6   2 
Correct answer is (7.6)
46. Consider the wave function Aeikr (r0 / r ) , where A is the normalization constant. For r  2r0 , the
magnitude of probability current density up to two decimal places, in units of ( A2 k / m) , is _______
 *  *   ,  Aeikr  0 
i r
Soln. J 
2m r
i  ikr  r0    ikr  r0    ikr  r0     ikr  r0   
*
  Ae    Ae      Ae     Ae    
2m   r  r   r    r   r   r   
i 2  r  r  r   r 
 A eikr  0  (ik )eikr  0   eikr  0  (ik )eikr  0  
2m  r r r  r 
2   r0   k
2 2 2 2
i  r0  2  r0  k A
 A (ik )    (ik )     A 2    0.25 
2m  r  r   2m r m
47. An n-channel junction field effect transistor has 5mA source to draing current at shorted gate (IDSS) and
5V pinch off voltage (VP). Calculate the drain current in mA for a gate-source voltage (VGS) of 2.5V .
The answer should be up to two decimal places. __________.
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. I DSS  5 mA  VP  5V VGS  2.5 V

2
 V 
2 2
 2.5  1 5
Drain current, id  I DSS 1  GS   5 1    5      1.25
 VP   5  2 4
48. Two identical fermions

(a) e2  E  e4  E  e 6  E  e 8  E (b) e3 E  e 4  E  2e 5  E  e 6  E  e 7  E
(c) (e  E  e2  E  e3 E  e4  E )2 (d) e 2  E  e 4  E  e 6  E  e 8  E
Soln. The fermions are distributed as
So the partition function is

Z   e   E ,  e   ( E  2 E )  e   (E 3 E )  e   (E  4 E )  e   (2E 3 E )  e   (2E  4 E )  e   (3E 4 E )
i
3  E
e  e4  E  2 e5 E  e6  E  e7  E
49. Two distinguishable particles

(a) e2  E  e4  E  e 6  E  e 8  E (b) e3 E  e 4  E  2e 5  E  e 6  E  e 7  E
(c) (e  E  e2  E  e3 E  e4  E )2 (d) e 2  E  e 4  E  e 6  E  e 8  E
Soln. The partition function of one distinguishable particle is

Z1  e  E  e2  E  e3 E  e4  E
Since distinguishable particle are non – interacting, the partition function to two such particles is
Z   Z1    e  E  e2  E  e3 E  e4  E 
2 2
50. The ground state eigen vector of the unperturbed Hamiltonian is

(a) (1/ 2, 1/ 2, 0) (b) (1/ 2,  1/ 2, 0)
(c) (0, 0, 1) (d) (1, 0, 0)
5 2 0
Soln. Unperturbed Hamiltonian, H 0   2 5 0 
0 0 2 
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
5 2 0
Eigenvalues of H 0  H 0   I  0  2 5 0  0
0 0 2
  5     5    2     2  2  2      0
  2     5   
 4  0   2    25   2  10  4   0
2

  2      10  21  0    2,3, 7
2
Eigenvector for   2
3 2 0   x1  0 
 2 3 0   x  0
  2 
0 0 0   x3  0 
2  (3x1  2 x2  0 x3 )  0 ……. (1)
3  (2 x1  3x2  0 x3 )  0 ……. (2)
(2)  (1)  5 x2  0, x2  0, x1  0, x3  arbitrary
So, eigenvector  (0, 0,1)
51. A pair of eigen value of the perturbed Hamiltonian using first order perturbation theory is
(a) 3  2 , 7  2 (b) 3  2 , 2   (c) 3, 7  2 (d) 3, 2  
1 1 1

Soln. Perturbed Hamiltonian, H '   1 1  1
1  1 1
Eigenvector corresponding to eigenvalue, of the unperturbed Hamiltonian, E  2,3, 7 will be
0 1  1 
  1   1  
1   0  , 2   1 , 3  2  1 
1  2 0  0
     
First order correction to energy will be
0 
E1  1 H ' 1  (0 0 1)[ H '] 0   0  
'
1 
1 
1 1  
E  2 H ' 2 
'
 (1  1 0)[ H '] 1  0
2 
2
2
0 
E3'  3 H ' 3  2
E1  2   , E2  3  0 , E3  7  2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Pair  3, 7  2
52. For the case J  l  1/ 2 , where J is the total angular momentum, the expectation value of S  J in the
nuclear ground state is equal to
( J  1) ( J  1) J J
(a) (b) (c) (d) 
2 2 2 2
Soln. J   S   J  S
Taking self dot product both sides

.  J S . J S  
2 2  1
 J  S  2 S .J  Given :  J  
 2
2 2
J S  1 1 3  1  1   ( J  1)
 S .J    J ( J  1)  .   J   J    
2 2 2 2  2  2  2
53. For the O17 nucleus (A = 17, Z = 8), the effective magnetic moment is given by
e
eff  gJ
2Mc ,
where g is equal to , ( g s  5.59 for proton and 3.83 for neutron)
(a) 1.12 (b) 0.77 (c) 1.28 (d) 1.28
Soln.  
eh
2Mc

gC l  g S S  gJ N 
       
2 4 2 1
For 8 O17 , N  9, 1S1/2 , 1P3/2 , 1P1/2 , 1d5/2
5
 J : Magnetic moment  1.91  N
2
5 2 1.91 3.82
 g  N    1.91 N  g    0.77
2 5 5
54. For this circuit the frequency above which the gain will decreases by 20 dB per decade is
(a) 15.9 kHz (b) 1.2 kHz (c) 5.6 kHz (d) 22.5 kHz
1
Vi ( s ) 
Vx ( s )  CS
1
R
CS
Vi (s)
 Vx (s)  …… (i)
1  RCS
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
 2 
 Vx ( s )  V0 ( s )   …… (ii)
 2 1 
Using (i) and (ii)
V (s) 1.5 A0
 0  
Vi ( s ) 1  RCS 1  RCS
A0
S  J ; T ( J  ) 
1  J 2 fRC
A0  Gain of this circuit
20 dB/decade frequency means cut off frequency.
A0
T ( s )  T ( jf ) 
1  jf / f H
From equation (a) and (b)
1
fH  , Putting the values of R and C
2 RC
1
fH 
2 10 10 1000 1012
3
f H  15.91 KHz
This is cut off frequency for L.P.F.
Circuit Analysis:
Case – (1) at low frequency f  0    0  X C  
Capacitor is open circuit
Case – (2) at high frequency f        X C  0

Capacitor is short circuit
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
55. At 1.2 kHz the closed loop gain is

(a) 1 (b) 1.5 (c) 3 (d) 0.5
1.5
Soln. T (jf) 
1  j RC
1.5
T (jf)  (Given f  1.2 103 Hz )
1  j 2 RC
Closed loop gain
1.5
T (jf) 
1  (2 fRC ) 2
From circuit R  10  103 
C  1000 1012 F
f  1.2 103 Hz
Closed loop gain (T (if )) 1.5
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974

1. The unit vector perpendicular to the surface x2  y 2  z 2  3 at the point (1, 1, 1) is
xˆ  yˆ  zˆ xˆ  yˆ  zˆ xˆ  yˆ  zˆ xˆ  yˆ  zˆ
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3
Soln. Unit vector perpendicular to the surface

 2 xi  2 x j  2 zk i jk
n  
 2 x2  y 2  z 2 (1,1,1)
3
(1,1,1)
2. Which one of the following quantities is invariant under Lorentz transformation?

(a) Charge density (b) Charge (c) Current (d) Electric field
Soln. Charge is conserved for isolated system so it is relativistically invariant.

3. The number of normal Zeeman splitting components of 1 P  1D transition is

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 9
Soln. 1D and 1P is singlet state, because multiplicity 2s  1  1  s  0

Therefore, total angular momentum J  L  S is equal to the total angular momentum L.
Each energy level spilts into 2L +1 levels as show in figure below.
Selection rule: mt  0  1

Energy of each level is equal E  me B B . Because of the uniform splitting of the levels. There are only
three different transition energies
e B e B
E0  , E0 , E0  , Corresponding to m,  1, 0  1 respectively
2me 2me
The energy separation between tow neighboring levels in P and D states are equal.
Thus, these will be only 3 normal Zeeman splitting components of 1P  1D transition.
Hence, correct option is (a).
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
4. If the half-life of an elementary particle moving with speed 0.9c in the laboratory frame is 5  10 8 s , then
the proper half-life is __________ 10 8 s . ( c  3  108 m s)
 proper
Soln. We know that  lab 
1  v2 / c2
  proper   lab 1  v 2 / c 2  5 108 1  (0.9) 2  2.18 108
Hence correct answer is (2.18)
5. An unpolarized light wave is incident from air on a glass surface at the Brewster angle. The angle
between the reflected and the refracted wave is
o o o o
(a) 0 (b) 45 (c) 90 (d) 120
Soln. When light are incident at Brewster angle, then the reflected light and the refracted light make 90° angle
with each other.
6. Two masses m and 3m are attached to the two ends of a massless spring with force constant K. If
m  100 g and K  0.3Nlm , then the natural angular frequency of oscillation is ______Hz.
K m1.m2 m.3m 3m
Soln.   ,   
 m1  m2 m  3m 4
K 4K 4  0.3
    2 rad/ s
(3m / 4) 3m 3  0.1
 2 1
 v    0.32 Hz
2 2 
Hence correct answer is (0.32).
7. The electric field of a uniform plane wave propagating in a dielectric, non-conducting medium is given
by
E  xˆ10cos 16 107 t  0.4 z V / m
The phase velocity of the wave is ____________ 108 m / s .
V
Soln. We have, E  x10cos (6 107 t  0.4 z)
m
V
Compared with electric field E  xE0 cos ( t  kz)
m
We get,   6 107 , k  0.4
 6
Phase velocity, VP   107  1.5 108 m / sec
k 0.4
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
8. The matrix
1  1 1 i
A  
3 1  i 1  is
(a) orthogonal (b) symmetric (c) anti-symmetric (d) unitary
1 I I  i 1 I I  i  1 3 0 1 0
Soln. AA†  I  i  I     I
3  3 I  i  I  3 0 3 0 1
So, A is an unitary matrix
9. The recoil momentum of an atom is pA when it emits an infrared photon of wavelength 1500 nm, and it
p
is pB when it emits a photon of visible wavelength 500 nm. The ratio A is
pB
(a) 1:1 (b) 1: 3 (c) 1:3 (d) 3:2
h
Soln. PAO O 1  PA  Pphoton 
1
h
PB O O 2 PB  Pphoton 
2
PA 2 500 1
     1: 3
PB 1 1500 3
Hence correct answer is (c).
10. For a gas under isothermal conditions, its pressure P varies with volume V as P  V 5/3 . The bulk
modulus B is proportional to
(a) V 1/ 2 (b) V 2/3 (c) V 3/5 (d) V 5/3
Soln. Given : P  V 5/3  P  CV 5/3

Where C is a constant of proportionality.
Bulk modulus is defined as
 P  5 8/3 5 5/3
B  V    CV V  CV
 V T 3 3
 B  V 5/3
11. Which one of the following high energy processes is allowed by conservation laws?
(a) p  p  o  o (b)    p   o  n
(c) n  p  e  ve (d)    e  
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. p  p 
 0  0
Q : 1 1 0 0 Q  0
B :1 1 1 1 B  2  0
L:0 0 0 0 L  0
Therefore, it is not allowed reaction because Baryon number is not conserved.

  p   0  n
Q : 1 1 0 0 Q  0
B:0 1 0 1 B  0
L:0 0 0 0 L  0
1 1
I3 : 1 0  I3  0
2 2
Therefore, it is an allowed reaction.
n  p  e  ve
Q:0 1 1 0 Q  0
Le : 0 0 1 1 Le  0
Therefore, it is not allowed reaction because electronic lepton number is not conserved
   e  
Le : 0 1 0 Le  0
L  : 1 0 0 L  0
It is not allowed reaction because electronic and mounic lepton number are not conserved.
12. The length element ds of an arc is given by, (ds)2  2(dx1 )2  (dx 2 )2  3 dx1dx 2 . The metric tensor g ij is
 3
 2 3  2 
2
(a)   (b) 
 3 1   
 
3
1 
 2 
 3
 2 1   1 
(c)  3  2
3 (d) 
   3 
 2 2  2 
 2 
Soln. (ds) 2  2(dx1 ) 2  (dx 2 )2  3(dx1 )(dx 2 )

General form of metric tensor gij in 2 – D will be (ds) 2  g11 (dx) 2  g 22 (dx 2 ) 2  2 g12 (dx1 )(dx 2 )
(here g12 = g21)
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
 3
2 
So, metric tensor g ij   2 
 3 
 1
 2 
13. The ground state and the first excited state wave functions of a one dimensional infinite potential well are
 1 and  2 , respectively. When two spin-up electrons are placed in this potential, which one of the
following with x1 and x2 denoting the position of the two electrons, correctly represents the space part of
the ground state wave function of the system?
1 1
(a)  1 ( x1 ) 2 ( x1 )  2 ( x2 ) 2 ( x2 ) (b)  1 ( x1 ) 2 ( x2 )  1 ( x2 ) 2 ( x1 )
2 2
1 1
(c)  1 ( x1 ) 2 ( x1 )  1 ( x2 ) 2 ( x2 ) (d)  1 ( x1 ) 2 ( x2 )  1 ( x2 ) 2 ( x1 )
2 2
Soln. Two spin up fermion cannot occupy the same quantum state and the spin wave function is symmetric. So,
the space part wave function must be anti – symmetric, since the total wave function of a fermion is anti
– symmetric.
1
   1 ( x1 ) 2 ( x2 )  1 ( x2 ) 2 ( x1 )
2
14. If the vector potential

A   xxˆ  2 yyˆ  3zzˆ
satisfies the Coulomb gauge, the value of the constant  is ____________________.
Soln. The coulomb gauge condition is

, A  0
  
 ( x)  (2 y)  (3z)  0
x y z
   23  0
  1
15. At a given temperature T the average energy per particle of a non-interacting gas of two dimensional
classical harmonic oscillator is _____________ k BT ( k B is the Boltzmann constant)
Soln. The Hamiltonian of a classical harmonic oscillator is given by

px2 1 p y2 1
H  m x 2 2
 m 2 y 2
2m 2 2m 2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Since we have four quadratic terms in the Hamiltonian and according to the law of equipartition of
1
energy each would contribute kBT to the average energy.
2
So average energy per particle
1
 4  kBT  2kBT
2
16. Which one of the following is a fermions?

(a) α particle (b) 4 Be7 nucleus (c) Hydrogen atom (d) Deuteron
Soln. Fermions have half integral spin proton, electron, neutron are fermions and have ½ - spin.
4
α particle  He nucleus  (2 p  2n)  integer spin (BOSON)
2
Nucleus  (4 p  3n)  half – integer spin (FERMION)
H atom  H atom  (1 p  1e)  integer spin (BOSON)
Deuteron  nucleus  (1 p  1n)  integer spin (BOSON)

17. Which one of the following three-quark states (qqq) denoted by X, cannot be a possible baryon? The
corresponding electric charge is indicated in the superscript.
   
(a) X (b) X (c) X (d) X
Soln. Baryons have charges +2, +1, =1 but do not have = 2 charge state
Therefore, X  does not represent a Baryon.
18. The Hamilton’s canonical equations of motion in terms of Poisson Brackets are
(a) q  q, H  ; p   p, H  (b) q   H , q ; p   H , p
(c) q   H , p ; p  H , q (d) q   p, H  ; p  q, H 
Soln. According to Poisson’s equation

dA dA
  A, H  
dt dt
A
If A  q, 0
t
dq
  q, H   q  q, H 
dt
A
If A  p, 0
t
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
dp
  p, H   p  p, H 
dt
Hence correct option is (a).
19. The Miller indices of a plane passing through the three points having coordinates (0,0,1), (1,0,0), 1 1 1
 , , 
2 2 4
are
(a) (212) (b) (111) (c) (121) (d) (211)
x y z
Soln. Let the plane is    1, where OA, OB and OC are intercepts on, x,y and z – axis
OA OB OC
respectively.
a a a
Now, for (hkl ) plane, OA  , OB  , OC 
h k l
xh yk zl
Thus above equation implies that   1
a a a
 xh  yk  zl  a
For (1, 0, 0), ah  a  h  1
For (0, 0,1), al  a  l  1
1 1 1 a a a a a 1
For  , ,  , .h  .k  4.l  a   .l .k  .l  a  k 
2 2 4 2 2 2 2 4 2
 1 
Thus, (hkl )  1 1  (212)
 2 
20. The plot of specific heat versus temperature across the superconducting transition temperature (TC ) is
most appropriately represented by
Soln. The specific heat C  Cet  Cinfinite

  
Since, (Cet )superconductor  a exp   , where a is a constant and  is energy gap.
 k BT 
i.e., the specific heat of a superconductor is discontinuous at transition temperature.
Therefore, the electronic specific of a metal in the superconducting state varies with temperature in an
exponential manner.
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974

21. If L is the orbital angular momentum and S is the spin angular momentum then L  S does not commute
with
(a) S z (b) L2 (c) S 2 (d) ( L  S )2
Soln. L.S  Lx Sx  Ly S y  Lz S z
2
So, S z , L2 , S 2 will commute with L, S but ( L  S )2  J will not commute with L.S
22. The energy,  k for band electrons as a function of the wave vector, k in the first Brillouin zone
  
   k   of a one dimensional monatomic lattice is shown as (a is lattice constant)
 a a
The variation of the group velocity vk is most appropriately represented by
Soln. The velocity v can be given by

k p
v  ….. (i)
m m
This shows that, for a free electron, v is proportional to k, however, in the band theory, Ek is generally not
proportional to k.
k p
Here, v   ….. (ii)
m m
This graph shows that the slope dE/dk of the E(K) curve is not constant but changes with k. using this
curve and employing equation (ii), one can obtain v versus k as shown in figure (below).
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974

This curve indicates that the velocity of the electron is zero for k = 0 and  , where the slope dE/dk is
a
zero.
i.e. at the top and bottom of the energy band (first Brillion zone). For k = k0 , where k0 corresponds to the
inflection point of E(k) curve, the absolute value of the velocity attains a maximum value equal to free
electron velocity. Beyond this point, the velocity decreases with increase in energy.
23. For a free electron gas in two dimensions, the variation of the density of states, ( ) as a function of
energy , is best represented by
Soln. Since the density of states, N(E) is independent of energy (E) for a free electron gas in two dimensions.
Therefore, N(E) versus E graph can be represented as

mA
Where N ( E )  2  constant

24. The input given to an ideal OP-AMP integrator circuit is
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
The correct output of the integrator circuit is
Soln.
1
RC 
 V (t ) dt Considering – Non integrator
Op amp as integrator
Most appropriate option is (a).
So, correct option is (a).
25. The minimum number of flip-flops required to construct a mod-75 counter is _____.
Soln. Given Modulus = 75

M  2n n is number of flip – flops
75  2 n
for n = 6 Hence (n = 6 not possible)
n=7
Correct option is (7).
26. A bead of mass m can slide without friction along a massless rod kept at 45o with the vertical as shown
in the figure. The rod is rotating about the vertical axis with a constant angular speed ω . At any instant, r
is the distance of the bead from the origin. The momentum conjugate to r is
1 1
(a) mr (b) mr (c) mr (d) 2mr
2 2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. In spherical polar coordinate the Lagrangian of system is

1
L m 2
 r 2 sin 2 
2
 mgr cos 
Here θ = 45°,
Momentum conjugate to r is
L 
pr    m r
r
27. An electron in the ground state of the hydrogen atom has the wave function
1
e  0
 r a
 (r ) 
 a0
3
Where a0 is constant. The expectation value of the operator Q̂  z 2  r 2 , where z  r cos is

 (n) (n  1)!
(Hint:  e r r n dr  n1  n1 )
0  
2
a 3a02
(a)  0
(b)  a02 (c)  (d) 2a02
2 2
1
Soln.  (r )  e ( r / a0 )
a 3
0
 2r
1 
Q   z  r      r cos   r  3 e a0 2 r 2 drd sin 
2 2 2 2 2
0 0
 a0
 
2
2r

3 
 r 4e a0 dr  sin 3 d
 a0 0 0

2 4! 1
 3 5
  (3sin   sin 3)d
a0 (2 / a0 ) 2 0
2 4  3  2 5 1 16
 3
  a0   2a02
a0 32 4 3
28. For Nickel, the number density is 8  10 23 and electronic configuration is

2 2 6 2 6 6 2
1s 2s 2 p 3s 3 p 3d 4s . The value of the saturation magnetization of Nickel in its ferromagnetic state
is __________  109 .
(Given the value of Bohr magneton  B  9.211021 Am2 )
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. For nickel, number density, n  8  10 23 atoms/cm3

And its electronic configuration  1s 2 2s 2 2 p6 3s 2 3s 2 3 p 6 3s 2 3 p 6 3d 8 4s 2
B  9.211021 Am2
n  8  10 29 / m3
Magnetic moment of Ni = 0.6 μB (can be calculated using concept of atomic physics)
Saturation magnetization  N   8 1029  0.6  9.2 1021
 44.16 108  4.4 109 Am1
29. A particle of mass m is in a potential given by

a ar 2
V (r )   03 ,
r 3r
Where a and r0 are positive constants. When disturbed slightly from its stable equilibrium position, it
undergoes a simple harmonic oscillation. The time period of oscillation is
mr03 mr03 2mr03 mr03
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 4
2a a a a
a ar 2
Soln. V (r )    03
r 3r
Time period of oscillator is given as
m d 2V
T  2 Where k  2 at stable position
k dr
At equilibrium position (r  r ')
dV a ar02
0   0
dr r r ' r '2 r '4
Putting r '  r0
d 2V 2a 4ar02 2a 4ar02 2a
 0     5  3 k
dr 2 r r '
r'3
r'5
r03
r0 r0
m m mr03
 T  2  2  2
k 2a / r03 2a
30. The donor concentration in a sample of n-type silicon is increased by a factor 100. The shift in the
position of the Fermi level at 300K, assuming the sample to be non degenerate is _______meV.
( kBT  25meV at 300 K)
Soln. At T  300 K , kBT  25 meV

Let initial donor concentration  N D and final donor concentration  100 N D
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
N 
 Initial Fermi energy ( EF )initial  EC  k BT ln  C 
 ND 
 NC 
And final Fermi energy ( EF ) final  EC  k BT ln   
 100 N D 
 NC  N 
 ( EF ) final  ( EF )initial  EC  k BT ln   
 EC  k BT ln  C 
 100 N D   ND 
 N 100 N D 
 k BT ln  C    k BT ln100  2  (k BT )  ln10
 ND NC 
 2  2.303  25 meV  115 meV
Correct answer is 115 meV.
31. A particle of mass m is subjected to a potential

1
V ( x, y)  m 2 ( x 2  y 2 ),   x  ,    y  
2
The state with energy 4  is g-fold degenerate. The value of g is _____________.
Soln. The energy of the two dimensional harmonic oscillator,

E   (nx  ny  1)
Given: E  4 
 nx  ny  1  4
nx  ny  3
nx ny 

1 2  3

2 2  3 4  fold degeneracy, therefore g  4
0 3  3

3 0  3 
32. A hydrogen atom is in the state

8 3 4
  200   310   321
21 7 21 ,
Where n, l , m in  nlm denote the principal, orbital and magnetic quantum numbers, respectively. If L is
the angular momentum operator, the average value of L2 is ________ 2
.
8 3 4
Soln.    200   310   321
21 7 21
L2 , m  2 (  1) , m
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
8 9 4
L2   (0. 2 )   (2 2 )   (6 2 )  2 2
21 21 21
k
33. A planet of mass m moves in a circular orbit of radius r0 in the gravitational potential V (r )   , where k
r
is a positive constant. The orbital angular momentum of the planet is
(a) 2r0 km (b) 2r0 km (c) r0 km (d) r0 km
k
Soln. V (r )  
r
2 2
k
Effective potential Veff  V (r )   Veff  
2mr 2 r 2mr 2
2
dVeff k
For circular orbit  0  2  3  0,   mkr0
dr r  r0
r0 mr0
34. The moment of inertia of a rigid diatomic molecule A is 6 times that of another rigid diatomic molecules
B. If the rotational energies of the two molecules are equal then the corresponding values of the
rotational quantum numbers J A and J B are
(a) J A  2, J B  1 (b) J A  3, J B  1 (c) J A  5, J B  0 (d) J A  6, J B  1
Soln. Rotational energy of the rigid diatomic molecules is given by

h2
E  2 J ( J  1)
8 I
In terms of wave number unit,
E h2
v  2 J ( J  1)  B(J(J  1)) cm 1
hc 8 Ic
Where, J is rotational quantum number.
I A And I n is moment of inertial of rigid rotator A and B respectively.
h2 h2
Also, EA  2 J A ( J A  1) and EB  2  J B ( J B  1)
8 I A 8 I B
EA  EB and I A  6 I B
J A ( J A  1) J B ( J B  1)
   J A ( J A  1)  6 J B ( J B  1)
6I B IB
This equation is satisfied for
J A  3 and J B  1
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
35. The value of the integral

z2
C e z  1 dz
Where C is the circle |z| = 4 is
(a) 2 i (b) 2 2i (c) 4 3i (d) 4 2i
z2
Soln. f ( z )  z
e 1
Condition of singularity e z  1  0
 e z  1  e (2n1) t
 z  i (2n  1)  i , i3 , i5 ..........
Only z   i lies within the circular and it is a simple pole.
I  2 i [Residue of f ( z ) at z   i  Residue of f ( z ) at z   i ]
 z2   z2 
 2 i  z   2 i  z   4 3i
 e  z  i  e  z  i
36. A ray of light inside Region 1 in the -plane is incident at the semicircular boundary that carries no free
charges. The electric field at the point P(r0 ,  / 4) in plane polar coordinates is E1  7eˆr  3eˆ , where eˆr
and ê are the unit vectors. The emerging ray in Region 2 has the electric field E2 parallel to x -axis. If 1
2
and  2 are the dielectric constants of Region 1 and Region 2 respectively, then is ____________
1
Soln. Given: Electric field in region 1 is

E1  7er  3e0
According to boundary condition,
E1r  E2 r

  3  E2 r   E2 sin
4
E2
 3  
2
 E2  3 2
And D1  D2  (As boundary is charge free)
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974

 1 7   2 E2    2 E2 cos
4
2 7 2 7
    2.33
1 E2 3
37. The solution of the differential equation

d2y
y0
dt 2
Subject to the boundary conditions y (0)  1 and y ( )  0
(a) cos t  sin t (b) cosh t  sinh t (c) cos t  sin t (d) cosh t  sinh t
d2y
Soln. y0
dt 2
Assume, the trial solution to be y  c.emt
 m 2 1  0  m  1
So, y  Aet  Bet
Putting y (t  0)  1, we get A  B  1
Putting y (t  )  0, we get A  0, B  1
Therefore, y(t )  et  cosh t  sinh t
38. Given that the linear transformation of generalized coordinate q and the corresponding momentum p,
Q  q  4ap
P  q  2p
Is canonical, the value of the constant is ________.
Soln. For canonical transformation

Poisson Bracket Q, Pq.p  1
Q P Q P
 .  . 1
q p p q
 1.2  4a1  1
 2  4a  1
1
 4a  1  a   0.25
4
39. The value of the magnetic field required to maintain non-relativistic protons of energy 1MeV in a
circular orbit of radius 100nm is _____________Tesla
(Given: m p  1.67 10 27 kg , e  1.6 10 19 C )
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. Kinetic energy = 1 MeV

1 2
mv  1106 1.6 1019 J
2
3.2 1013 3.2 1013
 v   1.91677 1014  1.384474 107 m/ sec
m 1.67 1027
mv 2
Now, for circular orbit, qvB 
r
27
mv 1.67 10 1.384474 107
B 
qr 1.6 1019 101
1.67 1.384474
  1.4450 Tesla
1.6
40. For a system of two bosons, each of which can occupy any of the two energy level 0 and  , the mean
1
energy of the system at a temperature T with   is given by
k BT
 e   2 e2  1   e   2 e    e2   e   2 e2 
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1  2e    e 2  2e    e 2  2  e   e2  2  e   e2 
Soln. Two bosons particles can be distributed as
So the partition function is

Z  e   0  e 2  c  e  (0 )   1  e    e 2  c
The mean energy is
 
ln 1  e  e
  e    2 e 2    e    2 e 2 
E 

ln Z  

  2 
   1  e   e2   1  e   e2 
None of the option are correct.
41. In an interference pattern formed by two coherent sources, the maximum and the minimum of the
intensities are 9I 0 and I 0 respectively. The intensities of the individual waves are
(a) 3I 0 and I 0 (b) 4I 0 and I 0 (c) 5I 0 and 4I 0 (d) 9I 0 and I 0
 a  b  9I0 ab
2
I 3
Soln. max      
I min  a  b  I0 a b 1
Taking positive value, we get
a  b  3a  3b
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
a 2
 2a  4b 
b 1
2
I1  a  4 4I
     0
I2  b  1 I0
42.  1 and  2 are two orthogonal states of a spin ½ system. It is given that
1 1  2 0
1     
3 0 3 1  ,
1  0
where   and   represent the spin-up and spin down states, respectively. When the system is in the
0 1 
state  2 its probability to be in the spin-up state is ______.
1 1  2  0
Soln.  1     
3 0 3 1 
1   0
Let  2  C1    C2  
0 1 
According to normalization condition,
C1  C2  1
2 2
Given  1 and  2 are orthogonal i.e.  2  1  0

C1 2
  C2  0  C1   2C2
3 3
2 1  1  0 
 2      
3 0 3 1 
2
So, the probability of finding the spin up in  2 is  C12   0.66
3
43. Neutrons moving with speed 103 m s are used for the determination of crystal structure. If the Bragg
angle for the first order diffraction is 30o , the inter-planar spacing of the crystal is _________ .
h h 6.626 1034
Soln. Wavelength of neutrons can be given by     27
m  3.96 1010
p mv 1.675 10 10 3
   3.96 
Here, n  1,   30 ,   3.96 , d  ?
From Bragg’s law: 2d sin   n
 2  d  sin 30  1 3.96 1010
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1
 2  d   3.96 1010  d  3.96 1010 m  d  3.96 
2
Hence, correct answer is (3.96).
p2  q2
44. The Hamiltonian of a particle of mass m is given by H   . Which one of the following figures
2m 2
describes the motion of the particle in phase space?
Soln. For positive p arrow should point toward positive q and for negative p arrow should point towards
negative q therefore correct answer is (d).
45. The intensity of a laser in free space is 150 mW m2. The corresponding amplitude of the electric field of
the laser is ________V m. (  0  8.854 1012 C 2 / N .m2 )
1
Soln. We know that, I  u c   0 E02c
2
2I 2 150 103
E0    10.62 V / m
c 0 3 108  8.85 1012
46. The emission wavelength for the transition 1 D 2  1F3 is 3122 . The ratio of populations of the final to
the initial states at a temperature 5000 K is ( h  6.626 1034 J .s , c  3  108 m s, kB  1.380 1023 J k)
(a) 2.03 105 (b) 4.02 105 (c) 7.02 105 (d) 9.83 105
Soln. [Note: According to the option given in the question, the ratio of population of the initial to the final state
has to be calculated].
The ratio of the molecule population of the initial states to final states is given by
Ej
( Ei  E f ) E
N (J i ) (2 J i  1) e kBT (2 J i  1)  (2 J i  1)  kBT
  Ej  e k BT
 e
N (J f ) (2 J f  1) k T (2 J f  1) (2 J f  1)
eB
Here, difference in the energy states
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
hc
E  E ( J  2)  E ( J  3) 

Where, λ is the wavelength for the transition from state J = 2 to J = 3.
Given :   3122 
N ( J i )  2 J i  1    k BT
hc
   e
N ( J f )  2 J f  1 
6.6261034 3108 
N  Ji  2 5   10 
5
  e 312210 1.3810 5000  e 9.227  7.02 105
23
N  J f  3 7 7
47. Consider a system of 3 fermions which can occupy any of the 4 available energy with equal probability.
The energy of the system is
(a) kB ln 2 (b) 2kB ln 2 (c) 2kB ln 4 (d) 3k B ln 4
Soln. The distribution of fermions is
So total number of microstates are 4, i.e.,   4 .

The entropy is S  kB ln   2kB ln 2
48. A particle is confined to a one dimensional potential box with the potential
V ( x)  0, 0  x  a
 , otherwise
If the particle is subjected to a perturbation, within the box, W   x , where  is small constant, the first
order correction to the ground state energy is
 
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d) 
4 2
Soln. For one dimensional potential box, the wave function is given by
2  n x 
n  sin  
a  a 
2 x 
Ground state (n  1) : 1  sin  
a  a 
Perturbation, W   x
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
First order correction to the ground state energy is

2 x
a
E1   1 W  1      x sin 2 
(1)
 dx
a0  a 
 a
 2 x    a
2 x 
  x 1  cos
a0  a 
 dx    x  x cos
a 0 a 
 dx
a
  x2 2 x  a   2 x  
2
xa
   sin   cos  
a  2 2 a  2   a   0
  a2  a
2
 a 
  0  [1  1]
a  2  2   2
Correct option is (c)
Correct option is (a)
49. Consider the process            . The minimum kinetic energy of the muons (  ) in the centre of
mass frame required to produce the pion ( ) pairs at rest is ________MeV
(Given: m  105MeV / c 2 , mx  140 MeV / c 2 )
Soln. According to the law of conservation of energy,

(K.E. + rest mass energy) of reactants = (K.E. + rest mass energy) of products
 k  m0 c2   2   0  m0 c2   2 ….. (i)
From equation (1),
k   m0  m0  c 2  140  105  35 MeV
50. A one dimensional harmonic oscillator is in the superposition of number state, n , given by
1 3
  2  3
2 2
The average energy of the oscillator in the given state is ________ 
1 3
Soln.   2  3
2 2
1 5 3 7 26
E   PEi i  P2 E2  P3 E3          3.25 
4 2 4 2 8
51. A nucleus X undergoes a first forbidden  -decay to a nucleus Y. If the angular momentum (I) and parity

7
(P) denoted by I as P
for X, which of the following is a possible IP value for Y?
2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
   
1 1 3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2
  decay
Soln. X  Y
7
So, if angular momentum (I) and parity (P) of ‘X’ is denoted by then,
2
For a first forbidden   decay: I  0,1, 2,   1 (Parity change)
7 7 7 5 7 3
Possible values of I for Y   0  or  1  or  2 
2 2 2 2 2 2
  
7 5 3
Parity changes, so possible I’ values for Y  , ,
2 2 2
52. The current gain of the transistor in the following circuit is dc  100 . The value of collector current IC is
___________mA
Soln. dc  100

IC  ?
VBE  0.7 V
Apply DC analysis, it means capacitor is open circuit
KVL at input
12  ( IC  I B )3  150  I B  0,7  3I F
I C  100 I B
I E  101 I B
12  101 I B  3  150  I B  0.7  3 101 I B
I B  0.015 mA
IC   .I B  100  0.015 mA
IC  1.5 mA
53. In order to measure a maximum of W with a resolution of 1mV using a n bit A/D converter working
under the principle of ladder network, the minimum value of n is ___________.
Soln. Given : Resolution = 1 mV

To measure 1V
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
VPP
Resolution 
2n
Number of distinct values to measure 1V using least count of 1 mV
1V
2n   1000
1103 Volt
 Number of bits required to code 1000 different amplitudes
2n  1000  n  10
54. If L and L are angular momentum ladder operators, then the expectation value of ( L L  L L ) in the
state l  1, m  1 of an atom is _______ 2
.
Soln. 11 L L  L L 11  2 11 L2x  L2y 11  2 11 L2  L2z 11

 2 L2  2 L2z  2  2 2
  2   2
2 2
55. A low pass filter is formed by a resistance R and a capacitance C. At the cut off angular frequency
1
c  , the voltage gain and the phase of the output voltage relative to the input voltage respectively
RC
are
(a) 0.71 and 450 (b) 0.71 and -45o (c) 0.5 and -90o (d) 0.5 and 90os
Soln. LPF
V0 ( s ) 1
  T ( s)
Vi ( s ) 1  RCS
1
T ( j ) 
1  j RC
 1  1 1
T j   0.71, Magnitude at  
 RC  2 RC
 1  1
   tan  RC put  
1
T  j
 RC  RC
 1  1
T  j    tan 1  45
 RC 
1
Phase at  
RC
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974

1. A satellite is moving in a circular orbit around the Earth. If T, V and E are its average kinetic average
potential and total energies respectively, then which one of the following options is correct?
(a) V  2T ; E  T (b) V  T ; E  0

(c) V  T / 2; E  T / 2 (d) V  3T / 2; E  T / 2
Soln. According to Virial theorem,

n
T  V When, V (r )  r n
2
The potential energy of the satellite V (r )  r 1
1 1
 T   V T   V
2 2
V  2T
Total average energy, E  T  V
 E  T  2T  T
2. The lattice parameters a, b, c of an orthorhombic crystal are related by a  2b  3c . In units of a , the

interplannar separation between the (110) planes is _________ (upto three decimal places)
a a
Soln. Lattice parameters a, b, c have relation a  2b  3c  a  a, b  , c 
2 3
and the miller indices of the plane (hkl )  (110) i.e., h  1, k  1, l  0
there ore, interplaner separation
1 1 1 1 a
d      0.447 a
2 2 2 2 2 2
h k l I I 0 1 4 0 5 5
     
a 2 b2 c 2 a 2  a 2  a 2 a2 a2 a2 a2
   
2 3
Hence, correct answer is 0.477 a.
3. Consider w  f ( z )  u ( x, y )  iv( x, y ) to be an analytic function in a domain D. Which one of the

following options is not correct?
(a) u ( x, y ) satisfies Laplace equation in D
(b) v ( x, y ) satisfies Laplace equation in D
z2
(c)  f ( z )dz is dependent on the choice of the contour between

z1
z1 and z 2 in D
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
(d) f ( z ) can be Taylor expanded in D
Soln. f ( z )  u ( x, y )  iv( x, y )
The real part u ( xy ) and imaginary part v( x, y) of a complex analytic function f (z) are harmonic
functions i.e. they will satisfy Laplace’s equation.
z2
Since, f (z) is analytic in the domairi D, then f (z) can be Taylor expanded and the value of z1
f (z) dz
will be independent of the choice of the contour.
4. Let L and p be the angular and linear momentum operators; respectively for a particle. The commentator
 Lx , p y  gives
(a) i pz (b) 0 (c) i px (d) i pz
Soln. We know that,  Li , p j   ih ijk pk

  Lx , p y   i  pz
5. The dispersion relation for phonons in a one dimensional monatomic Bravias lattice with lattice spacing
2C
a and consisting of ions of masses M is given by,  (k )  1  cos(ka) , where  is the frequency of
M
oscillation, k is the wave vector and C is the spring constant. For the long wavelength modes (  a ) ,
the ratio of the phase velocity to the group velocity is _____________
Soln. The   k relation for monatomic lattice is given by

2C
 (k )  1  cos (ka) …. (i)
M
2C   2  ka  
  (k )  1  1  2sin    …. (ii)
M    2  
2C   ka  
  (k )  1  1  2sin 2   
M   2 
4C ka
  (k )  . sin …. (iii)
M 2
ka
Here, we have taken modulus of sin because  (k ) cannot be negative.
2
 2   ka  ka
For long wavelength modes (  a), i.e., k     0  sin   
    2  2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
4C  ka 
 equation (iii)   (k )  ….(iv)
M  2 
 4C  a 
 Phase velocity, (v p )   .  ….(v)
k M 2
d 4C  a 
and group velocity, (v g )   .  …(vi)
dk M 2
4C  a 
. 
vp M 2
 Ratio of phase velocity to the group velocity   1
vg 4C  a 
. 
M 2
Hence, correct answer is (1).
6. For a black body radiation in a cavity, photons are created and annihilated freely as a result of emission
and absorption by the walls of the cavity. This is because
(a) the chemical potential of the photons is zero
(b) photons obey Pauli exclusion principle
(c) photons are spin-1 particles
(d) the entropy of the photons is very large
Soln. Since photon has zero chemical potential the number of the photons cannot be conserved. Thus, photons
can be created and annihilated.
7. Four forces are given below in Cartesian and spherical polar coordinates.
(i) F1  K exp(r 2 / R 2 )rˆ
(ii) F2  K ( x 3 yˆ  y 3 zˆ )
(iii) F3  K ( x 3 xˆ  y 3 yˆ )
(iv) F  K (ˆ / r )
4
Where K is a constant. Identify the correct option

(a) (iii) and (iv) are conservative but (i) and (ii) are not
(b) (i) and (ii) are conservative but (iii) and (iv) are not
(c) (ii) and (iii) are conservative but (i) and (iv) are not
(d) (i) and (iii) are conservative but (ii) and (iv) are not
r r i r sin 
1   
Soln. . F1  2 0
r sin  r  
k .exp(r 2 / R 2 ) 0 0
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
i j k
  
. F2   3kx 2 k
x y z
0 kx3  kz 3
i j k r r r sin 
   1    1  k k
.  F3   0;   F4  2 0 2 r   2    3 
x y z r sin  r   r sin   r  r sin 
kx3 ky 3 0 k
0 0
r
3
8. The value of  t 2 (3t  6)dt is __________________ (upto one decimal place)

0
3 3
1 2  1 
Soln.  t   3t  6  dt   t   t  2  dt  Using  c(t  t0 )    (t  t0 ) 
2
0
30  c 
1
  4  1.67
3
9. The mean kinetic energy of a nuclear in a nucleus of atomic weight A varies as An , where n is
________(upto two decimal places)
Soln. Total kinetic energy (K.E.) of N – neutrons and Z – protons is given by

4  3  h 2 4  3
5/3 5/3

2
h
K .E.    ( Z 5/3  N 5/3 )    ( Z 5/3  N 5/3 )
5m  8  V 2/3
5m  8  (CA)
2/3
[Volume of nucleus V  Atomic weight of nucleus A. Hence, V = CA, where, C is a constant of

proportionality]
 K .E.  A2/3
2
 n    0.67
3
Correct answer is (-0.67).
10. In Bose-Einstein condensates, the particles

(a) have strong interparticle attraction
(b) condense in real space
(c) have overlapping wave functions
(d) have large and positive chemical potential
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. Since the antiparticle distance between the bosons is comparable to their de – Broglie wavelengths, their
wave functions overlap.
11. A beam of X-ray of intensity I0 is incident normally on a metal sheet of thickness 2nm. The intensity of
the transmitted beam is 0.025I 0 . The linear absorption coefficient of the metal sheet (in m-1) is ______
(upto one decimal place)
Soln. If  is the linear absorption coefficient of the metal sheet then transmitted intensity is given by
I  I 0 exp( L)
 0.025 I 0  I 0 exp(2 )
 exp(2 )  0.025
 2  3.688    1.8444 mm1
12. In a Hall effect experiment, the Hall voltage for an intrinsic semiconductor is negative. This is
because(symbols carry usual meaning)
(a) n  p (b) n  p (c) e  h (d) me*  mh*
Soln. The hall coefficient of intrinsic semiconductor is given by

1 nh h2  ne e2
RH 
q (nh h  ne e )2
1 IB
The hall voltage is given by VH  
RH t
Given hall voltage is negative,
 RH  0  nh h2  ne e2  0
1 1
 h  e (in ideal intrinsic semiconductor, ne  nh )  *
 *  me*  mh*
mh me
13. The Pauli matrices for three spin-½ particles are 1 ,  2 and  3 , respectively. The dimension of Hilbert
space required to define an operator Ô   1   2   3 is
Soln. The required number of dimensions

 (2s  1)n , Where s is the spin of the particle and n is the number of particle.
3
1 
   2  1  23  8.
2 
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
14. The decay    e   is forbidden, because it violates

(a) momentum and lepton number conservation
(b) baryon and lepton number conservation
(c) angular momentum conservation
(d) lepton number conservation
Soln.    e   
B: 0  0  0 B  0, Conserved
L  :  1  0  0  L   0, Not conserved
Le : 0  1  0  Le  0, Not conserved
Electronic and muonic lepton number should be conserved separately. Here both are not conserved.
15. The space between two plates of a capacitor carrying charges +Q and –Q is filled with two different
dielectric materials, as shown in the figure. Across the interface of the two dielectric materials, which one
of the following statement is correct?
(a) E and D are continuous (b) E is continuous and D is discontinuous

(c) D is continuous and E is discontinuous (d) E and D are discontinuous
Soln. Suppose the line AB is the interface between two dielectrics.

We can use the boundary condition for E and D
Across interface, parallel component of E is continuous while perpendicular component suffers a

discontinuity of where  is the permittivity of medium.

 E1  E2
Or 1 E1   2 E 2  D1  D2
 1 E1   2 E2  
 D1  D2   (if there is no charge Q  Q  0 )
 D1  D2  0   0
D is continuous in both cases parallel and perpendicular. While E is continuous only for parallel, not for
perpendicular.
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
R
16. Given that the magnetic flux through the closed loop PQRSP is  . If  A  dl   along PQR the value of
P
1
 A  dl along PSR is
P
(a)   1 (b) 1   (c) 1 (d) 1
Soln. Magnetic flux through the loop i.e.   B.dS      A ds   , 

S S PORSP
A.d  
 
PQR
A.d  
RSP
A.d  
 1   A.d     A.d    1    A.d  1   

RSP PSR PSR
17. A point charge is placed between two semi-infinite conducting plates which are inclined at an angle of
30o with respect to each other. The number of image charges is __________
Soln. The number of image charges

 360 
n  1 Where, θ is the angle between two conductor plates
  
 360 
  1  11
 30 
1
18. Consider a complex function f ( z )  . Which one of the following statements is correct?
 1
z  z   cos( z )
 2
(a) f ( z ) has simple poles at z  0 and z  1/ 2
(b) f ( z ) has a second order pole at z  1/ 2
(c) f ( z ) has infinite number of second order poles
(d) f ( z ) has all simple poles
1 1
Soln. f ( z)  , putting z   t
 1 2
z  z   cos(z  )
 2
1 1
 
 1   1   1 
 t   t cos   t     t  2  t sin  t
 2   2   
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1 1 1 1 1
 . .  2 (1  2t ) 1.
1
 (1  2t ) t   t
3 3
 t   t2 3

2  t  3!  ........ 1  3!  ........
   
1 1    2t 2    2t 2 
2

 2. . . 1  2t  4t  ....... 1  
2
 ......     ......   ........
t t   3!   3!  
1
Highest negative power term in the above Laurent series expansion is 2
t
1
Therefore, f (z) has a pole of order 2 at z  
2
19. The energy dependence of the density of states for a two dimensional non-relativistic electron gas is
given by g ( E )  CE n , where C is constant. The value of is __________.
Soln. The density of states in 2 – D is given by

2 Ap
g ( p) dp  dp
h2
Where, p 2  2mE  pdp  mdE
2 A
 g ( E )dE  2 mdE
h
2 A
 g (E)  2 m
h
Since electron spin degeneracy is 2 so we should multiply density of states by a factor of 2.
4 A
Therefore, g ( E )  2 m
h
On comparing with g ( E )  CE n , we know n  0
20. In an inertial frame S, two events A and B take place at (ct A  0, rA  0) and (ctB  0, rB  2 yˆ ) ,
respectively. The times at which these events take place in a frame S’ moving with a velocity 0.6 cyˆ with
respect to S are given by
(a) ct A'  0; ctB'  3 / 2 (b) ct A'  0; ctB'  0
(c) ct A'  0; ctB'  3 / 2 (d) ct A'  0; ct B'  1/ 2
Soln. According to Lorentz transform
t  vxA / c 2
t A'  A  00  0
1  v2 / c 2
0.6  2
0
t  vy / c 2
c   1.2   3  ct '   3
t B'  B B
 B
1  v2 / c 2 0.64 0.8c 2c 2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
21. In the given circuit, the voltage across the source resistor is 1V. The drain voltage (in V) is ________
Soln. Given; Source voltage

Vs  1V
To find Drain voltage VD
Applying KVL at input
VGD  1  0
VGS  1 Volt
KVL at output
25  5  I D  VD
VD  25  5  I D Put I D  2mA
VD  10 Volt
If f ( x)  e  x and g ( x)  | x | e  x , then
2 2
22.
(a) f and g are differentiable everywhere
(b) f is differentiable everywhere but g is not
(c) g is differentiable everywhere but f is not
(d) g is discontinuous at x  0
Soln. This question can be solved easily by plotting f ( x) and g ( x )

f ( x)  e  x
2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
 xe  x , x0
2
g ( x)  
 x2
 xe , x0
From graph, it is clear, g(x) is not differentiable at y = 0 (due to presence of sharp dip at x = 0).
23. Consider a system of N non-interacting spin-½ particles, each having a magnetic moment  , is in a
magnetic field B  Bzˆ . If E is the total energy of the system, the number of accessible microstates  is
given by
 E 
 N   B !
(b)    
N!
(a)  
1 E  1 E   E 
2 
N ! N
 B  2   B 
!  N   B !
 
1 E  1 E  N!
(c)    N  !  N  (d)  
 B 
!
2 B  2   E 
 N   B !
 
1
Soln. Let N+ = Number of particles with spin  (or up)
2
1
and N- = Number of particles with spin  (or down).
2
So, we have
N  N  N ….. (i)
Also, the total energy is
E
E   B  N  N   N  N   ….. (ii)
B
Solving (i) and (ii), we have
1 E  1 E 
N   N   And N    N 
2 B  2  B 
Total number of microstates ( ) when N particles are distributed in two states N+ and N- is
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
N! N!
 
N ! N ! 1  E  1 E 
 N  ! N 
 B 
!
2 B  2 
24. Which one of the following does not represent an exclusive or operation for inputs A and B?
(a) ( A  B) AB (b) AB  BA (c) ( A  B)( A  B) (d) ( A  B ) AB
Soln. (a) (   ) 
 (A  ) (   ) (By apply De – Morgan’s law)
    XOR – logic – gate
(b)    XOR – logic – gate
(c) (A  ) (   )
      .

0
   XOR – logic – gate

Note: xx  0
(d) ( A  B ) AB
 AAB  ABB  AB  AB  AB
AND logic gate
Note: A + A = A
B
25. An operator for a spin-½ particle is given by Aˆ   .B , where B  ( xˆ  yˆ ),  denotes Pauli matrices
2
and  is a constant. The eigenvalues of Â are
(a)  B / 2 (b)  B (c) 0,  B (d) 0,  B
B  v  B  0 1   0 i   B  B  0 1  i 
Soln.    . B   x  B      
2 2 2 1 0  i 0  2 2 1  i 0 
Eigenvalue equation:
 A  I  0

 (1  i)
2  2 2
  0  2  (2)  0   2   22    
 2
(1  i) 
2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
26. Match the phrases in group I and group II and identify the correct option
Group I Group II
(P) Electron spin resonance (ESR) (i) radio frequency
(Q) Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (ii) visible range frequency
(R) Transition between vibrational states of a molecule (iii) microwave frequency
(S) Electronic transition (iv) far-infrared range
(a) (P-i), (Q-ii), (R-iii), (S-iv) (b) (P-ii), (Q-i), (R-iv), (S-iii)
(c) (P-iii), (Q-iv), (R-i), (S-ii) (d) (P-iii), (Q-i), (R-iv), (S-ii)
Soln. P – (iii): ESR (electron spin resonance) lies in GHz [8 – 10 GHz] frequency range. Thus, it lies in
microwave range.
Q – (i) : NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) lies in [100 – 1000] MHz frequency range. Thus, it is in
radio frequency range.
R – (iv) : Transition between vibrational states of a molecule lies in frequency range (1012 to 1014 Hz).
Thus, it lies in far – infrared range.
S – (ii) : Electronic transition lies in frequency range 1010 to 1015 Hz thus, it lies in visible range.
 aVE 3/2 
27. The entropy of a gas containing N particles enclosed in a volume V is given by S  Nk B ln  5/2 
,
 N 
where E is the total energy, a is a constant and k B is the Boltzmann constant. The chemical potential  of
the system at a temperature T is given by
  aVE 3/2  5    aVE 3/2  3 
(a)   k BT ln  5/2 
  (b)    k B  ln 
T 5/2 
 
  N  2    N  2
  aVE 3/2  5    aVE 3/2  3 
(c)   k BT ln  3/2 
  (d)    k B  ln 
T 3/2 
 
  N  2    N  2
 aVE 3/2 
Soln. Given: S  Nk B ln  5/2 
 N 
From first law of thermodynamics,
TdS  dE  PdV   dN
At constant E and V,
 S    aVE 3/2   N 5/2  5 aVE 3/2  
  T      T  k ln  5/2 
 Nk B  3/2 
 7/2  
 N  E .V   N   aVE  2 N 
  aVE 3/2  5 
 k BT ln  7/2 
 
  N  2
28. The atomic masses of 152 152 1
63 Eu , 62 Sm, 1 H and neutron are 151.921749, 151.919756, 1.007825 and 1.008665
in atomic mass units (amu) respectively. Using the above information the Q-value of the reaction
63 Eu  n  62 Sm  p is ______ 10 amu (upto three decimal places)
152 152 3
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. Q   M En  M n    M sm  M p 
 (151.921749  1.008665)  (151.919756  1.007825)  2.833103 a.m.u.
3
29. A particle with rest mass is at rest and decays into two particles of equal rest masses M which
10
move along the z axis. Their velocities are given by
(a) v1  v2  (0.8c) zˆ (b) v1  v2  (0.8c) zˆ
(c) v1  v2  (0.6c) zˆ (d) v1  (0.6c) zˆ ; v2  (0.8c) zˆ
Soln. According to energy conservation

3Mc 2 3Mc 2
Mc 2  
10 1  v12 / c 2 10 1  v22 / c 2
Since, initial velocity was zero and two parts have same mass.
So, v1  v2 (for momentum to be conserved)
23 9
  I  1  v12 / c 2 
10 1  v12 / c 2 25
16 4
 v1  c  c  0.8c
25 5
v1  v 2  0.8c z
30. The band gap of an intrinsic semiconductor is Eg  0.72eV and mh*  6me* . At 300K, the Fermi level with
respect to the edge of the valence band (in eV) is at _______ (upto three decimal places)
kB  1.38 1023 JK 1
Soln. Eg  0.72 eV and mh*  6me*

 E  EV   NC 
  k BT
T  300 K , EF   C   ln  
 2   2   NV 
 E  EV   k BT   N C  0.72 eV  1.38 10  300  3  me 
23
EF  EV   C 
   
ln        ln  
 2   2   NV  2  2  2  mn 
 3 
  0.36  1.38 1023 150   ln 6  eV  0.395 eV
 2 
31. A charge q is distributed uniformly over a sphere, with a positive charge q at its center in (i) also in (ii),
a charge –q is distributed uniformly over an ellipsoid with a positive charge q at its center. With respect
to the origin of the coordinate system, which one of the following statements is correct?
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
(a) The dipole moment is zero in both (i) and (ii)

(b) The dipole moment is non-zero in (i) but zero in (ii)
(c) The dipole moment is zero in (i) but non-zero in (ii)
(d) The dipole moment is non-zero in both (i) and (ii)
Soln. Total charge in the given figures (i) and (ii) are zero. Therefore, value of dipole moment p is independent
of origin. The charge distribution in (i) and (ii) are both symmetric about origin. Dipole moment p due to
symmetric charge distribution is zero. Therefore, dipole moment is zero in both (i) and (ii).
32. The number of permitted transitions from 2

P3/2  2S1/2 in the presence of a weak magnetic field is
__________.
Soln. For 2 P3/2  2 S1/2

 1 1
In presence of an external weak field, the state 2 S1/2 will split into two states  m j  ,   and 2 P3/2
 2 2
 3 1 1 3
state will split into four states  m j  , ,  ,  
 2 2 2 2
Selection rule, m j  0, 1, 0  0

Thus, there will be total six transition permitted in 2 P3/2  2 S1/2
33. A particle is confined in box of length L as shown below
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
If the potential V0 is treated as a perturbation, including the first order correction, the ground state energy
is

2 2
 V0
2 2

2 2
V0 
2 2
V
(a) E  2
 V0 (b) E  2
 (c) E  2
 (d) E  2
 0
2mL 2mL 2 2mL 4 2mL 2
2 x
Soln.   sin
L L
First order energy correction
1/2
2V x V 
1/2
2 x  V0 L V0
E0(1)   0 sin 2 dx  0  1  cos dx   
0
L L L 0 L  L 2 2
h 2 n 2 V0
The ground state energy is E  
2mL2 2
34. In the given circuit, if the open loop gain A  105 , the feedback configuration and the closed loop gain Af
are
(a) series-shunt, A f  9 (b) series-series, Af  10

(c) series-shunt, Af  10 (d) shunt-shunt, Af  10
Soln. AOL  105

Open loop gain
AOL
ACL 
1  AOL 
Closed loop gain
V 1 Vf 1
Vf  0  Feedback ratio   
1 9 V0 10
105 AOL
ACL   10 using
10  1
5
1  AOL .
1
10
Non inverting amplifier is an example of voltage series topology voltage series OR series – shunt
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
35. A plane wave ( xˆ  iyˆ ) E0 exp i (kz  t )  after passing through an optical element emerges as
( xˆ  iyˆ ) E0 exp i (kz  t )  , where k and  are the wave vector and the angular frequency, respectively.
The optical element is a
(a) quarter wave plate (b) half wave plate
(c) polarizer (d) Faraday rotator
 
i  kz t  
i ( kz t ) i ( kz t )
Soln. Einitial  ( x  i y )e  xe  ye  2
 3 
i  kz t  
i ( kz t ) i ( kz t )
E final  ( x  i y )e  xe  ye  2 
So, phase introduce by the optical system = π

36. A particle of mass 0.01 kg falls freely in the earth’s gravitational field with an initial velocity v (0)  10
ms1. If the air exerts a frictional force of the form, f  kv , then for k  0.05 Nm 1s , the velocity (in
ms1) at time t  0.2s is ________________(upto two decimal places)
(use g  10 ms 2 and e  2.72 )
dv dv
Soln. Equation of motion, m   mg  kv   dt
dt  k 
 g  v
 m 
m  k 
  ln  g  v   t  c
k  m 
1
At t  0, v  10 ms
m  k 
c   ln  g  10 
k  m 
m  k  m  k 
  ln  g  v   t  ln  g  10 
k  m  k  m 
 k  k
g v g v
m  m m  e m  g  k v   g  10k  e  m
kt kt
 ln    t   
k  g  10k  g
10k m  m 
 m  m
m  10k   m  0.01 
kt 0.05
0.2 
 v  g   g   e    10  (10  50) e 0.01
  4.9
k   m   0.05  
37. The Lagrangian for a particle of mass m at a position r moving with a velocity v is given by
m
L  v 2  C r  v  V (r ) , where V ( r ) is a potential and C is a constant. If pc is the canonical momentum,
2
then its Hamiltonian is given by
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1 1
(a) ( pc  Cr )2  V (r ) (b) ( pc  Cr )2  V (r )
2m 2m
p2 1 2
(c) c  V (r ) (d) pc  C 2 r 2  V (r )
2m 2m
m 2 L
Soln. L  v C r.v  V (r ); p c   mv  Cr
2 v
1 2
H  pC .v  L  (mv  Cr ).v  mv  Cr.v  V (r )
2
1 2
 mv  Cr.v  Cr.v  V (r )
2
1
 
2
 pC  Cr  V (r )
2m
38. A long solenoid is embedded in a conducting medium and is insulated from the medium. If the current
through the solenoid is increased at a constant rate, the induced current in the medium as a function of
the radial distance r from the axis of the solenoid is proportional to
1 1
(a) r 2 inside the solenoid and outside (b) r inside the solenoid and 2 outside
r r
1 1
(c) r 2 inside the solenoid and 2 outside (d) r inside the solenoid and outside
r r
Soln. Consider a long solenoid which is embedded into a conducting medium and is insulated from the
medium. Suppose n is the number of turns per unit length of solenoid. So, total number of turns N = nL
where L is the length of solenoid.
 Nl
Magnetic field inside the solenoid  B  0 nl  0
2 r
Where, r is the radius of solenoid.
Flux passing through the surface,
d d  Ir 2 
   0 nI  2 r 
2
 0 n2
dt dt
dI N dI
 20 nr 2  20 r 2
dt 2 r dt
Induced current will be proportional to the rate of change of flux.
d
So, Iinduced   r (Inside)
dt
Outside the solenoid
   B.d S  B 2 r 2
Magnetic field at point due to this circular ring comes out to be
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1
B (Well known)
r3
1
So, outside  3  r 2
r
d 1
Iinduced   (Outside)
dt r
1
39. In the nuclear shell model, the potential is modeled as V (r )  m 2 r 2   L  S ,   0 . The correct spin
2
13
parity and isospin assignments for the ground state of C is
   
1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1
(a) ; (b) ; (c) ; (d) ;
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
13
Soln. We have nucleus, C6
Z = 6 (even)
N = 7 (odd)  1s1/2
2 4
1 p3/2 1
1 p1/2
1
J  ,  1(for p), parity  (1)1  1
2
1
Spin parity of ground state is
2
M 1 2 1 1
Isospin, I    (M is the multiplicity 13C , 12C )
2 2 2
1 1
Therefore, Isospin I3 of C is ( I3   is assigned to proton)
13
2 2
40. Which one of the following represents the electron occupancy for a superconductor in its normal and
superconducting states?
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. The superconductor behaves like a normal conductor above transition temperature (TC) and below TC, it
exhibits superconductivity.
In normal state the electrons will have ½ - integral spin and will follow Fermi – Dirac distribution
function
1
f ( E )  ( E  E )/ k T
e t B
 1
Therefore, f ( E ) versus E graph (T > 0 K) will be
In superconducting state, electrons form cooper pairs with spin = 0.
Hence these electrons in superconducting state will follow Bose – Einstein distribution function.
1
f ( E )  ( E  E )/ k T
 e t B  1
Therefore, f ( E ) versus E graph (T > 0 K) will be
41. In a rigid rotator of mass M, if the energy of the first excited state is 1meV, then the fourth excited state
energy (in meV) is _________
Soln. Energy of a rigid rotator is

2
E J ( J  1)
2I
Where J = 0, 1, 2 ,…..
Energy of first excited state
2 2
( E1 )  (1)(1  1)  1 meV   1 meV
2I I
Energy of fourth excited state
2 2
( E1 ) (1)(1  1)  1 meV   1 meV
2I I
42. The binding energy per molecule of NaCl (lattice parameter is 0.563 nm) is 7.95 eV. The repulsive term
K
of the potential is of the form 9 , where K is a constant. The value of the Madelung constant is
r
______(upto three decimal places)
Soln. The cohesive energy of NaCl can be given by

e 2  1 
U r r   1 … (i) (For NaCl, a = 2r0)
0
4 0 r0  n 
 1
  (1.6 1019 ) 2 1  
 7.95 1.6 1019    n
a
4  3.14  8.854 10 12   
2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
 1
  (1.6 1019 )2  1  
 7.95    9 (Here n = 9)
 0.563 
12 9
4  3.14  8.854 10    10
 2 
9  7.95  4  3.14  8.854  0.563 1021
  
8  2 1.6 10 19
Correct answer is (-1.750).
43. The Hamiltonian for a system of two particles of masses m1 and m2 at r1 and r2 having velocities v1 and v2
1 1 C
is given by H  m1v12  m2 v22  zˆ  (r1  r2 ) , where C is a constant. Which one of the following
2 2 ( r1  r2 ) 2
statements is correct?
(a) the total energy and total momentum are conserved
(b) only the total energy is conserved
(c) the total energy and the z-component of the total angular momentum are conserved
(d) the total energy and total angular momentum are conserved
Soln. Since, the given Hamiltonian does not depends on time explicitly. So, total energy of the system will be
conserved.
44. Given that the Fermi energy of gold is 5.54 eV, the number density of electrons is _________ 10 28
(upto one decimal place)
(Mass of electron = 9.111031 kg; h  6.626 1034 J  s;1eV  1.6 1019 J )
2/3
h 2  3N 
Soln. The Fermi energy (EF) is given by EF   
2m  8 V 
2/3
h2  3   N 
 EF   n let V  n  electron density 
2m  8 
2/3 3/2
 3n  2mEF  3n   2mE 
      2 F 
 8   8   h 
2
h
3/2
8  8  3.14   2  9.1110  5.54 1.6 10 
31 19
3/2
 2mE 
  2 F    
3  h   3   (6  626 1034 ) 2 
3/2
 3  6785 1050 
 8.373   68   8.373  7.055 1027
 10 
 n  59.071515 10 per m3
27
 n  5.9 1028 per m3

Hence, correct answer is (5.9).
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
45. Suppose a linear harmonic oscillator of frequency  and mass m is in the state

1  i 
  
 0  e 2
 1  at t  0 where  0 and  1 are the ground and the first excited states,
2 
respectively. The value of  | x |  in the units of at t  0 is _____________

m
1
Soln. We have,     0  e2  1 
2
We know that,
x
h
2m 
aa
†

  x
 
i i
h    †  
   0  e 1  a  a   0  e 1 
2 2
2m    
i i i
h     h  i2 i
 h
 
 0  e 2
1   1  e  2  e  0  
2 2
 e  e 2
 0
2m    2m   2m
46. Consider the motion of the Sun with respect to the rotation of the Earth about its axis. If Fc and Fco
denote the centrifugal and the Coriolis forces, respectively, acting on the Sun, then
(a) Fc is radially outward and FCo  Fc
(b) Fc is radially inward and FCo  2 Fc
(c) Fc is radially outward and FCo  2 Fc
(d) Fc is radially outward and FCo  2 Fc
Soln. FC  m 2 r is radially outward
FCO  2mv  2m 2 r  2 FC
1 m2
47. A function y ( z ) satisfies the ordinary differential equation y " y ' 2 y  0 , where m  0,1, 2,3......
2 z
consider the four statements P, Q, R, S as given below.
P: Zm and Z-m are linearly independent solutions for all values of m
Q: Zm and Z-m are linearly independent solutions for all values of m  0
R: ln z and 1 are linearly independent solutions for m  0
S: zm and ln z are linearly independent solutions for all values of m
The correct option for the combination of valid statement is
(a) P, R and S only (b) P and R only
(c) Q and R only (d) R and S only
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1 m2
Soln. y " y ' 2 y  0 ….. (i)
z z
2
2 d y dy
 z 2
 z  m2 y  0  Cauchy Euler equation. …..(ii)
dz dz
dy dy d 2 y d 2 y dy
Putting z  e x and replacing z by and z 2 2 by 2  in equation (ii)
dz dx dz dx dx
d 2 y dy dy
We get, 2
 2   m2 y  0 …..(iii)
dx dx dx
Trial solution y  C.ekx , putting in equation (iii)
 k 2
 m2   0  k   m
So, y  C1emx  C2e mx  C1 z m  C1 z  m
Therefore, z m and z  m are linearly independent solution for m > 0.
For m  0, k  0  y  (C1  C2 x)e0. x  (C1  C2 nz)
Therefore, 1 and /nz are linearly independent solution for m = 0.
48. The average energy U of a one dimensional quantum oscillator of frequency  and in contact with a heat
bath at temperature T is given by
1 1  1 1 
(a) U   coth     (b) U   sinh    
2 2  2 2 
1 1  1 1 
(c) U   tanh     (d) U   cosh    
2 2  2 2 
Soln. The energy of a one – dimensional quantum oscillator with frequency  is

 1
En   n    , n  0,1, 2,.....
 2
The partition function is
 1  
   n   
z  e   En
 e  2
e 2
e   En
n n n
Now e
n
 
 1 e  
e 2  
 .......
Letting e  
 x. Then,
1 1
e
n
 n 
 1  x  x 2  ......  
1  x 1  e  
 

e 2 1 1
 Z  
1  e    

 
 
e 2
e 2 2sinh  
 2 
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
e x  e x
Where we have used  sinh x
2
The average energy U is
 
12 cosh  
        2  .   1  coth    
U  ln Z   ln  2sinh     
    2    2 2  2 
2sinh  
 2 
49. Consider a system of eight non-interacting, identical quantum particles of spin-3/2 in a one dimensional
2 2
box of length L. The minimum excitation energy of the system, in units of is __________
2mL2
3
Soln. The number of degeneration including spin is  2s  1  2   1  4
2
2 2
Therefore, the minimum excitation energy of the system   4 1  3  4  1 9  (4 1  4  4)
2mL2
2 2
5 2 2
  25  20 
2mL2 2mL2
50. In the simple current source shown in the figure, Q1 and Q2 are identical transistors with current gain
  100 and VBE  0.7V
The current I0 (in mA) is ________ (upto two decimal places)
Soln. Given figure is a current mirror circuit. In this circuit output current is forced to be equal to input current.
Output current is mirror image of input current
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
It is basically voltage to current converter
Given:
  100
VBE  0.7
Here, Q1 and Q2 are identical transistor
S0, 1   2    100, VBE1  VBE2  0.7 ( Q1 and Q2 are in active region)
VCC  VBE 30  0.7 29.3
I ref     5.86 mA
Rref 5K 5K
I ref  I C1  I B1  I B2 (By applying KCL)….(I)
1  2 So, I B  I B and IC  I C  I 0
1 2 1 2
We know that, IC   I B
I
So, I B  C

Put the value of I C1 , I B1 , I B2 in equation (1)
2IC 2I0
I ref  I 0  2 I B  I 0   I0 
 
I ref
 I0 
1 2 / 
Put the value of I ref and 
5.86
I0   5.74 mA
2
1
100
1 for t  0
51. The Heaviside function is defined as H (t )   and its Fourier transform is given by 2i /  .
1 for t  0
1
The Fourier transform of  H (t  1/ 2)  H (t  1/ 2) is
2
   
sin   cos  
2 2  
(a) (b) (c) sin   (d) 0
  2
2 2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. Shifting property:
If F  f (t)   f ( ), then F  f (t  a)   eit f ( )

2i  1  1  1  1 
F  H (t )   ; F  H  t    H  t  
  2  2  2  2 

sin
1  2i  1  2i  i i  
 ei /2     ei /2     ei /2  ei /2    2i sin    2
2   2     2 ( / 2)
52. Consider the circuit shown in the figure, where RC = 1. For an input signal Vi shown below, choose the
correct V0 from the options:
Soln. It is a differentiator circuit
As ideal op – amp has infinite input resistance. So, there will be no current passing through op – amp.
So, by applying KCL at node A.
dV dV
IC  I ; I C  C i and VR  RIC ; V0  VR ; V0   RC i
dt dt
So, output signal can be obtained by differentiating the input signal.
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Note: The circuit given is an inverting differentiator. (Just differentiate the given input signal)
53. Let the Hamiltonian for two spin ½ particles of equal masses m, momenta p1 and p2 and positions r1 and
1 2 1 2 1
r2 be H  p1  p2  m 2 (r12  r22 )  k1   2 , where  1 and  2 denote the corresponding Pauli
2m 2m 2
matrices,   0.1eV and k  0.2eV . If the ground state has net spin zero, then the energy (in eV) is
________
m 2  r12  r22   k 1 . 2 

1 2 1 2 1
Soln. H  p1  p2 
2m 2m 2m
p2  m 2 r22  k 1 . 2 
1 2 1 1 2 1
 p1  m 2 r12 
2m 2m 2m 2
 
 H1  H 2  k 2 s1.s 2  H1  H 2  2  s 2  s12  s22 
4 2k
Energy eigenvalues are

 3  3
E   n1      n2     2k  s ( s  1)  s1 ( s1  1)  s2 ( s2  1) 
 2  2
For ground state, (n1  0, n2  0, s  0)
3 3  3
EG.S .      2k     3   3k  0.3 eV
2 2  2
Correct answer is (-0.2)
54. The excitation wave length of laser in a Raman effect experiment is 546 nm. If the Stokes’ line is
observed at 552 nm, then the wave number of the anti-Stokes’ line (in cm-1) is________
Soln. The wave number of anti – stokes line is given by

VantiStokes  VRaman  VRaman  VStokes
 VantiStokes  2VRaman  VStokes
1 1 1
Given: VRaman   
VRaman 546 10 m 546 107 cm
9
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1 1
VStokes  
VStokes 552 107 cm
Substituting values in equation (1)
1 1
Vanti Stokes  2  
(552 10 ) (552 107 )
7
 0.003663  107  0.0012116  107

 36630  18116 per cm  18514 per cm
55. A monochromatic plane wave (wavelength = 600 nm) E0 exp i (kz  t )  is incident normally on a
diffraction grating giving rise to a plane wave E1 exp i(k1  r  t )  in the first order of diffraction. Here
1 3 
E1  E0 and k1  k1  xˆ  zˆ  . The period (in m ) of the diffraction grating is _________(upto one
2 2 
decimal place)
Soln. The condition for nth order maxima is d sin   n

For first order diffraction n = 1
  
d  
 sin  
1 3 
We have, k  k  x  z 
 2 2 
1/ 2 1
tan   
3/2 3
 1   600 109
  tan 1    30 ; d    1.2  m
 3 sin  0.5
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Q.1 Consider the linear differential equation . If at , then the value of at is

given by
(a) e 2 (b) 2e 2 (c) e 2 (d) 2e 2
Soln: if at
at
= from B.C.
, ;
or
or, or
Correct option (d)
Q.2 Which of the following magnetic vector potentials gives rise to a uniform magnetic field ?
(a) B0 zkˆ (b)  B0 xjˆ (c)

B0
2

 yiˆ  xjˆ  (d)
2

B0 ˆ ˆ
yj  xj 
Soln: Vector potential 
Correct option (c)
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
17
Q.3 The molecule O2 is
(a) Raman active but not NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) active
(b) Infrared active and Raman active but not NMR active
(c) Raman active and NMR active
(d) only NMR active
Soln: 17 O2 - molecules do not permanent dipole moment so it is Raman active but it has also odd number of
nuclei so it is NMR active also
Correct option (c)
Q.4 There are four electrons in the 3d shell of an isolated atom. The total magnetic moment of the atom in
units of Bohr magneton is _______
Soln:
12  11  1 0  11
2  1  1  2
Magnetic moment of the atom is
= Bohr magneton
Bohr unit
Q.5 Which of the following transitions is NOT allowed in the case of an atom, according to the electric
dipole radiation selection rule?
(a) 2s  1s (b) 2 p  1s (c) 2 p  2 s (d) 3d  2 p
Soln: According to question, it is not clear given atom is one electron or multi-electron system, but here we
consider one electron system
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Selection Rule is not allowed
Note: According to dipole transition rule parity must be changed so
is not possible, in above both case Correct option (a)
Q.6 In the SU(3) quark model, the triplet of mesons has
(a) Isospin = 0, Strangeness = 0
(b) Isospin = 1, Strangeness = 0
(c) Isospin = ½, Strangeness = +1
(d) Isospin = ½, Strangeness = -1
Soln: According to Su(3) quark model triplet of meson has
Iso-Spin = 1, Strangeness = 0 Correct option (b)
Q.7 The magnitude of the magnetic dipole moment associated with a square shaped loop carrying a steady
current I is m. If this loop is changed to a circular shape with the same current I passing through it, the
pm
magnetic dipole moment becomes . The value of p is ______

Soln: According to question
we know that
magnetic moment =
 
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
for circle
 
 
Q.8 The total power emitted by a spherical black body of radius R at a temperature T is P1. Let P2 be the
total power emitted by another spherical black body of radius R/2 kept at temperature 2T. The ratio,
P1/P2 is ______. (Give your answer upto two decimal places)
Soln:
Total power density emitted by black body
4
Power  T1 
Intensity  
Area  T2 
4 4 2
P1  T1  A T   R 
    1   1   1 
P2  T2  A2  T2   R2 
4 2
P1  F   R  2  1 1
    4   0.25
P2  2F   R  16 4
Q.9 The entropy S of a system of N spins, which may align either in the upward or in the downward
direction, is given by . Here is the Boltzmann constant. The
probability of alignment in the upward direction is p. The value of p, at which the entropy is
maximum, is _____. (Give your answer upto one decimal place)
Soln: Answer 0.5
Q.10 For a system at constant temperature and volume, which of the following statements is correct at
equilibrium?
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
(a) The Helmholtz free energy attains a local minimum
(b) The Helmholtz free energy attains a local maximum
(c) The Gibbs free energy attains a local minimum
(d) The Gibbs free energy attains a local maximum
Soln: For a system at constant temperature and volume, Helmholtz free energy attains minimum. According
to Landau Theory of first order phase transition, Helmholtz free energy attains local minima not
absolute minimum, as clear from given expression and graph
………..
Q.11 N atoms of an ideal gas are enclosed in a container of volume V. The volume of the container is
changed to 4V, while keeping the total energy constant. The change in the entropy of the gas, in units
of NkB ln 2, is ________, where kB is the Boltzmann constant.
Soln: At constant total energy, change in entropy is

4V
dV
  N K  ln V V
4V
S  N K B
V
V
4
S  NK B ln  2 NK B ln 2
V
Q.12 Which of the following is an analytic function of z everywhere in the complex plane?
 
2 2
(a) z 2 (b) z* (c) z (d) z
Soln: Since z 2 is polynomial which is analytic everywhere in complex plane.
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Q.13. In a Young’s double slit experiment using light; the apparatus has two slits of unequal widths. When
only slit-1 is open, the maximum observed intensity on the screen is 4I0. When only slit-2 is open, the
maximum observed intensity is I0. When both the slits are open, an interference pattern appears on the
screen. The ratio of the intensity of the principal maximum to that of the nearest minimum is _____
Soln: According to question
I1  9 I 0 , I 2  I0
   
2 2
 I max  I1  I 2 I0  I0  9I0
   2 
2 2
I min  I1  I 2 I0  I0  I0
I max
 9 :1
I min
Q.14 Consider a metal which obeys the Sommerfeld model exactly. If E F is the Fermi energy of the metal
at and is the Hall coefficient which of the following statements is correct?
Soln: RH  EF3/2
Q.15 A one dimensional linear chain of atoms contains two types of atoms of masses m1 and m2 (where
m2  m1 ), arranged alternately. The distance between successive atoms is the same. Assume that the
harmonic approximation is valid. At the first Brillouin zone boundary, which of the following
statement is correct?
(a) The atoms of mass m2 are at rest in the optical mode, while they vibrate in the acoustical mode
(b) The atoms of mass m1 are at rest in the optical mode, while they vibrate in the acoustical mode
(c) Both types of atoms vibrate with equal amplitudes in the optical as well as in the acoustical modes
(d) Both types of atoms vibrate, but with unequal non-zero amplitudes in the optical as well as in the
acoustical modes.
Soln: In 1-dimensional linear chain of atom the atoms of mass m2 is at rest in optical mode while they
vibrate in the acoustical mode (option-a)
Q.16 Which of the following operators is Hermitian?
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
d d2 d2 d3
(a) (b) (c) i (d)
dx dx 2 dx 2 dx 3
Soln: Condition of Hermitian operator Â is
  A de    A d
* *
*
d d d2 d2
 ,  again equal
dx dx dx 2 dx 2
Q.17 The kinetic energy of a particle of rest mass m0 is equal to its rest mass energy. Its momentum in units
of m0c, where c is the speed of light in vacuum, is ______. (Given your answer upto two decimal
places)
Soln: K.E.   m0c 2  m0c 2
 m0c 2  m0c 2  m0c 2
1
 m0c 2  2m0c 2
v2
1 2
c2
v2 1 v2 1
 1  or 1 
c2 2 c2 4
v2 1 3 3
2
 1   v c
c 4 4 2
or, momentum (P)   m0 c
3
 2 cm0
2
 3m0 c  1.73m0c
Q.18 The number density of electron in the conduction band of a semiconductor at a given temperature is
2  1019 m 3 . Upon lightly doping this semiconductor with donor impurities, the number density of
conduction electrons at the same temperature becomes 4  1020 m 3 . The ratio of majority to minority
charge carrier concentration is _________.
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln: ne  2 1019 m3 and nn  2 1019 m3
ne '  4 1020 m3
Ni2  ne  nn  4 1038 m3
N i2
ni2  ne ' nn '  nn ' 
ne '
4 1038
nn '   1018
4 1020
ne ' 4 1020
Ratio    400 :1
nn ' 1018
Q.19 Two blocks are connected by a spring of spring constant k. One block has mass m and the other block
has mass 2m. If the ratio k / m  4 s 2 , the angular frequency of vibration  of the two block spring
system in S 1 is ____. (Give your answer upto two decimal places)
Soln:
m  2m 2m
 
3m 3
K 3K
Angular frequency    K  
 2m
3
  4  6  2.44
2
Q.20 A particle moving under the influence of a central force F  r   kr (where r is the position
vector of the particle and k is a positive constant) has non-zero angular momentum. Which of the
following curves is a possible orbit for this particle?
Soln: F (r )   K r
As we know that when central force F (r ) is in the form of
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
F (r )  Kr n and n  1, 2, 3
then particle moves in stable and in closed orbit, here n  1 so particle moving in elliptical with
centre at origin
Q.21 Consider the reaction 54

25 Mn  e  54
24Cr  X . The particle X is
(a)  (b) ve (c) n (d)  0
Soln: 24Cr  e
Mn  e  54
54
25
Q.22 The scattering of particles by a potential can be analyzed by Born approximation. In particular, if
the scattered wave is replaced by an appropriate plane wave, the corresponding Born
approximation is known as the first Born approximation. Such an approximation is valid for
Soln: First order born approximation is valid for large incident energies and weak scattering potentials.
Q.23 Consider an elastic scattering of particles in l  0 states. If the corresponding phase shift δ 0 is 90o
and the magnitude of the incident wave vector is equal to 2 fm-1 then the total scattering cross
section in units of fm2 is ______.
Soln: Given  0 ,   90o
The total cross-section is
π 

K2
2
0
 1 sin 2 
4π
 1 sin 2 90o  2
2π
Q.24 A hydrogen atom is in its ground state. In the presence of a uniform electric field E  E0 zˆ , the
leading order change in its energy is proportional to ( E0 ) n . The value of the exponent n is _____.
Soln: As we know that linear Star Effect is not exist in ground state of H-atom only quadratic term
E  E02 Thus n  2
Q.25 A solid material is found to have a temperature independent magnetic susceptibility,   C ,

which of the following statements is correct?
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
(a) If C is positive, the material is a diamagnet
(b) If C is positive, the material is a ferromagnet
(c) If C is negative, the material could be a type I superconductor
(d) If C is positive, the material could be a type I superconductor
Soln: For type-I superconductor
Susceptibility   ve
Q.26-Q.55 carry two marks each
Q.26 An infinite, conducting slab kept in a horizontal plane carries a uniform charge density  . Another
infinite slab of thickness t, made of a linear dielectric material of dielectric constant k, is kept
above the conducting slab. The bound charge density on the upper surface of the dielectric slab is
    k  2   k  1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2k k 2k k
Soln: Surface bound charge density  P  nˆ
  K 1 
 b   0 e E   0 e  
  K 
e  K  1 &  0  K
Q.27 The number of spectroscopic terms resulting from the L.S coupling of a 3p electron and a 3d
electron is ______.
Soln: Spectroscopic terms of 3P3d
1 1
S1  and S2 
2 2
1 1 and 2 2
 The possible value of S & L are
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
S  0,1 ; L  1, 2,3
Now L-S coupling gives the value of
J  L  S to L  S
J1  1  L  1, S  0  1 P1
J2  2  L  2, S  0  1 D2
J3  3  L  3, S  0  1 f3
J 4  0,1, 2 L  1, S  1  3P0 ,3P1 ,3P
J 5  1, 2,3 L  2, S  1  3P1 ,3P2 ,3P3
J 6  2,3, 4 L  3, S  1  3P2 ,3P3 ,3P1
Total 12 terms exist in L-S coupling between 3P-3d
Q.28 Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
(a) A deuteron can be disintegrated by irradiating it with gamma rays of energy 4 MeV
(b) A deuteron has no excited states
(c) A deuteron has no electric quadrupole moment
(d) The 1 S0 state of deuteron cannot be formed.
Soln: Quadrupole moment of deuteron
Q  0.00285  30 1028 cm2 (option-c)
Q.29 If s1 and s2 are the spin operators of the two electrons of a He atom, the value of s1. s2 for the
ground state is
1 1
Soln: S1  and S2  , S  0,1
2 2
S  S1  S2  S  S   S1  S 2    S1  S 2 
S 2  S12  S22  2S1  S2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
S 2  S12  S22
 S1  S2 
2
 S1  S2 
1 2
2

S  S12  S22 
S1  S2 
1
2

S  S  1 2
 S1  S1  1 2

 S2  S2  1
1  1 3 1 3
S1  S2   2
0      for S = 0
2  2 2 2 2
 3  3
2
1
S1  S2   2
  
2  2 4
3 2
S1  S2 
4
for ground state both electrons have opposite spin
Q.30 A two-dimensional square rigid box of side L contains six non-interacting electrons at T  0K .
The mass of the electron is m. The ground state energy of the system of electrons, in units of
2 2
is ______.
2mL2
Soln: Distribution of electron in 2-D square rigid box will be
Energy  (nx , ny )  degeneracy (gn)
2 2 2
  (1,1)  1
2mL2
5 2 2
  (1, 2) (2,1)  2 Energy diagram
2mL2
8 2 2
  (2, 2)  1
2mL2
10 2 2
  (3,1) (1,3)  2
2mL2
but according to question there are only 6 electrons
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
2 2 2 5 2 2 5 2 24 2 2
E  2  2   2   Ans: 24
2mL2 2mL2 2m 2mL2
Q.31 An alpha particle is accelerated in a cyclotron. It leaves the cyclotron with a kinetic energy of 16
MeV. The potential difference between the D electrodes is 50 kilovolts. The number of
revolutions the alpha particle makes in its spiral path before it leaves the cyclotron is ______
Soln: K.E.max  NqV
 N  2N  total number revolution in disc
q = charge of -particle = 2e
V = P.d  50 103 Volts
K.E.max  16 106 eV  16 106 1.6 1019 J
 K.E.  2  n  q  V
K.E 16 106 1.6 1019

 n   n  80
2  q  V 2 1.6 1019  50 103
Q.32 Let Vi be the ith component of a vector field V , which has zero divergence. If  j   / x j , the
expression for ijk lmk  j  lVm is equal to
(a)  j  kVi (b)  j  kVi (c)  2jVi (d)  2jVi
Soln: Answer (d)
1 2 1
Q.33 The direction of f for a scalar field f  x, y, z   x  xy  z 2 at the point P(1,1, 2) is
2 2
(a)
  ˆj  2kˆ 
(b)
  ˆj  2kˆ 
(c)
 ˆj  2kˆ 
(d)
 ˆj  2kˆ 
5 5 5 5
1 2 1
Soln: f ( x, y, z)  x  xy  z 2
2 2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
f ˆ f ˆ f ˆ
f  i j k
x y z
f  ( x  y )iˆ  ( x) ˆj  zkˆ
f  iˆ  0  ˆj  2kˆ  2kˆ  ˆj
2kˆ  ˆj
Direction  (option-b)
5
Q.34  x ,  y and  z are the Pauli matrices. The expression 2 x y   y x is equal to
(a) 3i z (b) i z (c) i z (d) 3i z
Soln: 2 x y   y x
 0 1  0 i   0 i  0 1 
2    
 1 0  i 0   i 0  1 0 
 i 0   i 0   2i 0   i 0   i 0  1 0 
or 2   or    or   or i   i z
 0 i   0 i   0 2i   0 i   0 i   0 1
(option-c)
Q.35 A particle of mass m  0.1kg is initially at rest at origin. It starts moving with a uniform
acceleration a  10iˆ ms 2 at t  0 . The action S of the particle, in units of J-s, at t  2s is
_____. (Give your answer upto two decimal places)
Soln: Answer 26.65
Q.36 A periodic function f  x  of period 2 is defined in the interval (  x   ) as:
1,   x  0
f  x  
 1, 0  x 
The appropriate Fourier series expansion for f  x  is
(a) f  x    4 /   sin x   sin 3x  / 3   sin 5 x  / 5  ......

(b) f  x    4 /   sin x   sin 3x  / 3   sin 5 x  / 5  ......
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
(c) f  x    4 /   cos x   sin 3x  / 3   cos5 x  / 5  ......

(d) f  x    4 /   cos x   cos3x  / 3   cos5 x  / 5  ......
1,   x  0
Soln: F ( x)  
 1, 0 x 
F ( x)  a0   (an cos n x  bn sin n x)

n
2 2
Where   1
T 2
F ( x)  a0   (an cos nx  bn sin nx)

n
 2
1  
Where a0   dx   1dx   0
2  0  
Similarly
 2
1  
an    cos nx dx   cos nx dx   0
  0  
For all odd function
Now
 2
1  
bn    sin nx dx   sin nx dx 
  0  
1
bn  (1  cos n )  (1  cos n )
n
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
bn 
2
n

1  (1)n 
4
Now, bn  for n  1,3,5.....
n
4 sin 3 x sin 5 x 
F ( x)  sin x    ....... (option-a)
 3 5 
Q.37 Atoms, which can be assumed to be hard spheres of radius R, are arranged in an fcc lattice with
lattice constant a, such that each atom touches its nearest neighbours. Take the center of one of the
atoms as the origin. Another atom of radius r (assumed to be hard sphere) is to be accommodated
at a position (0, a / 2, 0) without distorting the lattice. The maximum value of r / R is _____. (Give
your answer upto two decimal places)
Soln: 2R  2r  a
Rr  a/ 2 ………(1)
a 2  2R  2R  4R ………(2)
a 2 a 2 a
R , r  from (1)
4 4 2
a a 2
r  
2 4
 42 2 
a 
r  2  1 2
Ratio  r  a   
R 2 2 4 
a
4
r  4  2 2  2 2 8 2 8 8

 2 1
  
R  2 2  2 2 8 8
r
 1.41  100  0.41
R
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Q.38 In an inertial frame of reference S, an observer finds two events occurring at the same time at
coordinates x1  0 and x2  d . A different inertial frame S ' moves with velocity v with respect to
S along the positive x-axis. An observer in S ' also notices these two events and finds them to
occur at times and and at positions and , respectively. If ,
1
and   , which of the following statements is true?
1  v2 / c 2
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Soln:
1
If  t '  t '2  t '1 ,  x '  x '2  x '1 , 
1  v2 c 2
We know that from Lorentz transformation equation
vx1 vx2
t1  t2 
t '1  c2 t '2  c2
1  v2 c2 1  v2 c2
t2  t1 (v c 2 )  x2  x1 
t '1  t '1  
1  v2 c 2 1  v2 c 2
Now, t2  t , so t2  t1  0 in S-frame
v / c 2 (d  0) vd
t '2  t '1      and
1 v c 2 2 c2
x '1   ( x1  vt ) and x '2   ( x2  vt )
x '1  x '2    x1  x2    d (option-c)
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Q.39 The energy vs. wave vector ( E  k ) relationship near the bottom of a band for a solid can be
approximated as E  A(ka)2  B(ka)4 , where the lattice constant a  2.1A . The values of A and
B are 6.3 1019 J and 3.2 1020 J , respectively. At the bottom of the conduction band, the ratio
of the effective mass of the electron to the mass of free electron is _______. (Give your answer
upto two decimal places)
(Take  1.05 1034 J-s, mass of free electron  9.11031 kg )
Soln: E  A( Ka)2  B( Ka)4  Aa 2 K 2  Ba 4 K 4
dE
 Aa 2  2K  Ba 4  4K 3
dK
d 2E
2
 2 Aa 2  12 Ba 4 K 2  2  6.3 1019  2.1 2.11020
dK
= 0.20 after solving at K  0
Q.40 The electric field component of a plane electromagnetic wave travelling in vacuum is given by
E ( z , t )  E0 cos(kz  t )iˆ . The pointing vector for the wave is
(a) (c 0 / 2) E02 cos 2 (kz  t ) ˆj (b) (c 0 / 2) E02 cos 2 (kz  t )kˆ
(c) c 0 E02 cos 2 (kz  t ) ˆj (d) c 0 E02 cos 2 (kz  t )kˆ
Soln: E( z, t )  E0 cos  Kz  t  iˆ
KE Kˆ  E0 cos  Kz  t  iˆ
 B 
 
E0 cos  Kz  t  ˆj
B   cK
cK
Pointing vector (P) 

1
0
 E  B
P

1 E0 cos  Kz  t  K
2 2 ˆ   c2 
1
0 cK  0 0
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
P
1
 0
E
2
0 
cos 2  Kz  t  Kˆ
P
c 0 E02 cos2  Kz  t  Kˆ
0 0 cK K
Q.41 Consider a system having three energy levels with energies 0, and , with respective
degeneracies of 2, 2 and 3. Four bosons of spin zero have to be accommodated in these levels such
that the total energy of the system is . The number of ways in which it can be done is _____
Soln:
E 0 E  2 E  3
n0 n2 n2
E0 E  2 E  3
nx  0 nx   nx  6 way of
getting 10 
ny  0 ny  ? ny 
nz 
E  2 E  3
nx  nx 
6-way
ny  ? n y 
nz  ?
E  2 E  3
nx  nx 
3-way
ny  n y 
nz  ?
E  2 E  3
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
nx  nx 
ny  ny  ?
3-way
n2  ?
Q.42 The Lagrangian of a system is given by
1
L  ml 2  2  sin 2  2   mgl cos , where m, l and g are constants.
2
Which of the following is conserved?
 
(a)  sin 2  (b)  sin  (c) (d)
sin  sin 2 
Soln:
1
L m
2
2
 2

 sin 2  2  mg cos
L 1
P   m
 2
2
sin 2
  2  m 2 sin 2 
Q.43 Protons and -particles of equal initial momenta are scattered off a gold foil in a Rutherford
scattering experiment. The scattering cross sections for proton on gold and -particle on gold are
and respectively. The ratio is _____.
2
   Z1   2 
2
n
   4
 P  Z 2    
Sol :
Scattering cross-section is proportional to the square of charge on the particle
Q.44 For the digital circuit given below, the output X is
(a) A  B  C (b) A   B  C  (c) A   B  C  (d) A   B  C 

n
Sol :
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974

A B  C   A  B  C  A  B C 
Q.45 The Fermi energies of two metals X and Y are 5eV and 7eV and their Debye temperatures are 170
K and 340K, respectively. The molar specific heats of theses metals at constant volume at low temperature
can be written as (CV ) x   xT  AxT 3 and (CV )    T  A T 3 , where  and A are constants. Assuming
that the thermal effective mass of the electrons in the two metals are same which of the following is correct?
 x 7 Ax  x 7 Ax 1
(a)  , 8 (b)  , 
 y 5 Ay  y5 Ay 8
 x 5 Ax 1  x 5 Ax
(c)  ,  (d)  , 8
 y 7 Ay 8  y7 Ay
Soln: Answer (a)
Q.46 A two level system has energies zero and E. The level with zero energy is non-degenerate, while
the level with energy E is triply degenerate. The mean energy of a classical particle in this system
at a temperature T is
Ee E / kBT Ee E / kBT 3Ee E / kBT 3Ee E / kBT

(a) (b) (c) (d)
1  3e E / kBT 1  e  E / k BT 1  e  E / k BT 1  3e E / kBT
Soln:
Total energy E '  gi e  E , g i  degeneracy
n
Average energy   Ei Pi ,
i
Pi  Probability of finding the particle in ith state
Ei  Energy of ith state
3e E / K BT
P( E ) 
1  3e E / K BT
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
3Ee E / K BT
Average energy  E1  P1  E2 P2  0 
1  3e E / K BT
Q.47 A particle of rest mass M is moving along the positive x-direction. It decays into two photons  1
and  2 as shown in the figure. The energy of  1 is 1GeV and the energy of  2 is 0.82GeV. The
value of M (in units of GeV/c2) is ……… (Give your answer upto two decimal places)
Soln:
 from energy conservation
 
2
E  E1  E2 P 2c 2  Mc 2  1.82GeV
   1.82
2 2
P 2c 2  Mc 2  3.3124 …….(1)
Now, from momentum conservation
P  p1 cos 1  P2 cos 2 P  E / c for photon
E1 E
P cos 1  2 cos 2
c c
1  1 0.82  1
P     0.70  0.41
c 2 2  c
Putting the value of ‘P’ in (1) we get
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
GeV
M  1.44
c2
Q.48 If x and p are the x components of the position and the momentum operators of a particle
respectively, the commutator  x 2 , p 2  is
(a) i  xp  px  (b) 2i  xp  px  (c) i  xp  px  (d) 2i  xp  px 
Soln:  x 2 , P 2    x  x, P 2   x  x, P 2    x, P 2 
 x  2i P  2i Px
 2i  xP  Px  (option-d)
Q.49 The x  y plane is the boundary between free space and a magnetic material with relative
permeability  . The magnetic field in the free space is B iˆ  B kˆ . The magnetic field in the
r x z
magnetic material is
(a) Bx iˆ  Bz kˆ (b) Bx iˆ   r Bz kˆ
1
(c) Bxiˆ  Bz kˆ (d)  r Bx iˆ  Bz kˆ
r
Soln: Boundary condition
  Babove Bbelow
Babove  Bbelow  0 and 
1 2
Thus magnetic field in matter   r Bx iˆ  B2 kˆ
Q.50 Let l , m be the simultaneous eigenstates of L2 and Lz . Here L is the angular momentum operator
with Cartesian components  Lx , Ly , Lz  , l is the angular momentum quantum number and m is the
azimuthal quantum number. The value of 1, 0 | ( Lx  iLy ) |1, 1 is
(a) 0 (b) (c) 2 (d) 3
Soln: 1, 0 | Lx  iLy |1,  1
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1, 0 | Lx |1, 1  i 1, 0 | Ly |1, 1
or L  Lx  iLy
1, 0 | L |1,  1  2 1  1  1 1 0
1,0 | 2 |1,0  2
Q.51 For the parity operators P, which of the following statements is NOT true?
(a) P†  P (b) P 2   P (c) P 2  1 (d) P†  P 1
Soln: For parity operator Pˆ 2  Pˆ
Q52. For the transistor shown in the figure, assume VBE  0.7V and dc  100 . If Vin  5V ,Vout (in Volts)
is _______. (Give your answer upto one decimal place)
Soln:
Given that
VBE  0.7V , dc  100, Vin  5V , Vcc  10V
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Ic

IB
Vin  I B  200 103  0.7  I E 103  0 or 5  0.7  I B  200 103  0
4.3  I B  200  1103  I c 103  0
After solving this equation by using (1) we get V0 = 5.5
Q.53 The state of a system is given by
  1  2 2  3 3
Where 1 , 2 and 3 form an orthonormal set. The probability of finding the system in the state
2 is _____. (Give your answer upto two decimal places)
Soln:   1  2 2  3 3
2
2 |  4
P2  
| 14
P2  0.28
15
Q.54 According to the nuclear shell model, the respective ground state spin-parity values of 8 O and
17
8 O nuclei are
       
1 1 1 5 3 5 3 1
(a) , (b) , (c) , (d) ,
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Soln: 15
8 O  P  8&n  7
   
2 4 1
For neutron  1
S1/2 1
P3/2 1
P1/2

1
Nuclear spin  and parity   1  1
2
Similarly
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
17
8 OP 8 & n9
S      d 
2 4 2 1
1 1 1 1
1/2 P3/2 P1/2 5/2
5
I  , spin = +1
2

5
Spin-parity =   option-(b)
2
Q.55 A particle of mass m and energy E, moving in the positive x direction, is incident on a step
potential at x  0 , as indicated in the figure. The height of the potential is V0 , where V0  E . A t x  x0
, where x0  0, the probability of finding the electron is 1/e times the probability of finding it at. x  0 .
2m V0  E 
If   2
, the value of x0 is
2 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
  2 4
1
Soln: Px0  Px  0
e
1
2 K x
P  x   Ae 2 = P  0   Axe0  A
1
P  x0   Ae2 Kx0  Ae2 Kx0   A
e
From question K '  
1
e2 x0  , 2 x0  1
e
1
x0  option-(c)
2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974

1. In the nuclear reaction 13
C6  ve  13 N 7  X , the particle X is
(a) an electron (b) an anti-electron (c) a muon (d) a pion
Soln. C6  ve  13 N 7  X
13
X should be electron 1e  0
 13C6  ve  13 N 7  1 e0
Therefore, charge Q will be conserved also electronic lepton number will be conserved.
2. Two identical masses of 10 gm each are connected by a mass less spring of spring constant 1N m. The
non-zero angular eigen frequency of the system is ________rad s (up to two decimal places).
Soln.
k m.m m
 ,   Reduced mass  
 mm 2
k 2k 2 1
     200  10 2 rad/ s  10 1.414  14.14 rad/ sec.
m/2 m 10 103
3. Consider a triatomic molecule of the shape shown in the figure below in three dimensions. The heat
capacity of this molecule at high temperature (temperature much higher than the vibrational and
rotational energy scales of the molecule but lower than its bond dissociation energies) is:
3 9
(a) kB (b) 3kB (c) kB (d) 6kB
2 2
Soln. The degree of freedom is

f  3N  C
Where N is the number of toms in molecule and C is the number of constraints.
Here, N = 3 and C = 3, So, f = 6.
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Out of these six degree of freedom three are due to translational and rest three are due to rotational
motion, at high temperature, all constraints get zero. So total degree of freedom becomes f = 3N at high
temperature and hence, nine for the given molecule.
Another three degree of freedom are due to vibrational motion
According to law of equipartition of energy, each translation and rotational degree of freedom contributes
1
kBT to the energy and each vibrational degree of freedom contributes k BT to the energy.
2
1
Average energy, U  6  kBT  3  kBT  6kBT
2
dU
Heat capacity, C   6kB
dT
4. For the Hamiltonian H  a0 I  b   where a0  R, b is a real vector, I is the 2  2 identity matrix, and 
are the Pauli matrices, the ground state energy is
(a) b (b) 2a0  b (c) a0  b (d) a0
1 0 1 0 0 i  1 0   a0  bz bx  iby 
Soln. H  a0 I  b.  a0    bx 
  by    bz   
0 1 0 1 i 0  0  1   bx  iby a0  bz 
If  is the eigenvalue of Hamiltonian, then H  I   0
a0  bz   bx  iby
 0   a0   2    bz    bx    by   0    a0  bx2  by2  bz2
2 2 2 2
bx  iby a0  bz  
   a0  b
So, lowest energy  a0  b
5. The Poisson bracket  x, xp y  ypx  is equal to

(a)  x (b) y (c) 2 px (d) p y
Soln.  x, xp y  ypx    x, xp y    x, ypx 

 p y  x, x   x  x, p y   px  x, y   y  x, px 
 p y  0  x  0  px  0  y  1  y
Hence correct answer is (b)
6. The wave function of which orbital is spherically symmetric:

(a) px (b) p y (c) s (d) d xy
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. For s – orbitals,

 0, m  0, Wave functions are only function of r. No angular dependence is there, hence s – orbitals
are spherically symmetric
7. A monochromatic plane wave in free space with electric field amplitude of 1V m is normally incident on
a fully reflecting mirror. The pressure exerted on the mirror is ______ 1012 Pa. (up to two decimal
places) (  0  8.854 1012 F m).
Soln. The pressure exerted on the mirror

1
P  2 u  2   0 E02   0 E02  8.85 1012 Pa
2
8. The electronic ground state energy of the hydrogen atom is 13.6eV. The highest possible electronic
energy eigenstate has an energy equal to
(a) 0 (b) 1 eV (c) +13.6 eV (d) 
Soln. The energy of the nth state of hydrogen atom

1
En  2
n
The highest possible energy state is n  
 Ehighest  0
 2 x 
9. Consider a one-dimensional lattice with a weak periodic potential U ( x)  U 0 cos   . The gap at the
 a 
 
edge of the Brillouin zone  k   is:
 a
U U
(a) U 0 (b) 0 (c) 2U 0 (d) 0
2 4
 2 x 
Soln. U ( x)  U 0 cos   ( 1 – dimensional lattice)
 a 
 
Magnitude of energy gap at the edge of Brillion zone  k  
 a
a
Eg   dxU ( x)   ()   () 
2 2
 
0
2 x 2 x
Where  ()  cos and  ()  sin are the normalized wavefunctions.
a a a a
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
 2 x   2  x 2  x 
a
2
Eg 
a0 dxU 0 cos   cos
 a   a
sin
a 
 4 x 
1  cos a  U 0
a
2  2 x    4 x  a 
a a
2U 0 2U 0
a 0 a 0 
 dx cos   dx    x   sin a   4   U 0
 a  2  a    0
 
10. Identical charges are placed at five vertices of a regular hexagon of side . The magnitude of the
electric field and the electrostatic potential at the centre of the hexagon are respectively
q q q 5q 5q 5q
(a) 0, 0 (b) , (c) , (d) ,
4 0 a 4 0 a
2
4 0 a 4 0 a
2
4 0 a 4 0 a
2
Soln.
At centre: field due to charge at 1 will be cancelled by field of charge 4. Field due to 2 and 5 are also
cancelled.
The resultant electric field will be for only one charge particle which is present at point 3.
1 q
So, E 
4 0 a 2
5 q
And potential V  V1  V2  V3  V4  V5 
4 0 a
11. A reversible Carnot engine is operated between temperatures T1 and T2 (T2  T1 ) with a photon gas as the
working substance. The efficiency of the engine is
3/4 4/3
3T T T  T 
(a) 1  1 (b) 1  1 (c) 1   1  (d) 1   1 
4T2 T2  T2   T2 
Soln. The efficiency of a reversible Carnot engine is independent of any working substance and depends only
T
on the temperature of the source (T2 ) and of the sink (T1 ) . It is given by   1 1
T2
12. The best resolution that a 7 bit A D convertor with 5V full scale can achieve is ______mV. (up to two
decimal places).
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. Given 7 bit A to D convertor

Full scale voltage of 5 volt
Full scale Voltage 5
Voltage resolution =  7
2 1
n
2 1
Resolution = 39.27 mV
2
1  dq  1  dq 
13. If the Lagrangian L0  m    m 2 q 2 is modified to L  L0   q   , which one of the following
2  dt  2  dt 
is true?
(a) both the canonical momentum and equation of motion do not change
(b) canonical momentum changes, equation of motion does not change
(c) canonical momentum does not change, equation of motion changes
(d) both the canonical momentum and equation of motion change
1 1
Soln. L0  mq 2  m 2 q 2
2 2
qdq d 1 
L  L0    L0    q 2 
dt dt  2 
The given transformation satisfies gauge transition of Langrangian; therefore equation of motion will not
change. Since the term added contains q therefore generalized momentum will change, as seen below
L L0 
Pinitial    ( qq); Pfinal  mq   q
q q q
Pfinal  Pinitial
14. A parallel plate capacitor with square plates of side 1 m separated by 1 micro meter is filled with a
medium of dielectric constant of 10. If the charges on the two plates are 1C and -1C, the voltage across
the capacitor is _______kV. (up to two decimal places). (   8.854 1012 F m)
Q Q Qd
Soln. We know, C  V  
V C A 0 k
We have, Q  1 C , d  106 m, A  1m2 ,  0  8.854 1012
106
 V 12
 0.1129 105  11.29 kV
8.854 10 10
dz
15. The contour integral  1 z 2
evaluated along a contour going from  to  along the real axis and
closed in the lower half-plane by a half circle is equal to ______. (up to two decimal places).
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
dz dz
Soln.  1 z 2
  ( z  i)( z  i)
Therefore, poles are at z  i, i. Only z  i will lie inside the given contour
Therefore, residue at z  i
 1  1
lim ( z  i)   
z 1
 ( z  i)( z  i)  2i
dz
   2 i  (Residual at z  i )
1 z2
1
 2 i     3.14
2i
16. In the figure given below, the input to the primary of the transformer is a voltage varying sinusoidally
with time. The resistor R is connected to the centre tap of the secondary. Which one of the following
plots represents the voltage across the resistor R as a function of time?
Soln.
This circuit is a full wave rectifier So, output wave from
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Output wave from for
17. Light is incident from a medium of refractive index n  1.5 onto vacuum. The smallest angle of incidence
for which the light is not transmitted into vacuum is _______degrees. (up to two decimal places).
Soln. We know Snell’s law, n1 sin 1  n2 sin 2

At critical angle, n sin c  I
1
 sin c 
1.5
 c  41.81
18. Electromagnetic interactions are:

(a) C conserving (b) C non-conserving but CP conserving
(c) CP non-conserving but CPT conserving (d) CPT non-conserving
Soln. In electromagnetic interactions, all three C, CP and CPT should be conserved.

Therefore,
19. The Compton wavelength of a proton is _______fm. (up to two decimal places).
( m p  1.67  1027 kg , h  6.626  1034 Js, e  1.602  1019 C , c  3  108 ms 1 )
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
h 6.626 1034
Soln. Compton wavelength, c   27
 1.322 1015 m  1.322 fm
mP c 1.67 10  3 108
20. Which one of the following conservation laws is violated in the decay         
(a) angular momentum (b) total Lepton number
(c) electric charge (d) tau number
Soln.            ; Lc : 1  0  0  0
 Lc  0 i.e. Tau number is not conserved
Charge is conserved, total lepton number and angular momentum is also conserved.
21. The coefficient of e ikx in the Fourier expansion of u( x)  A sin 2 ( x) for k  2 is
(a) A 4 (b) –A 4 (c) A 2 (d) –A 2
Soln. Fourier series in complex from

 
f ( x)  C0   Ck eikx   C k e  ikx
k 1 k 1
 ei x  e  i x 
   e  e  2
A 2i x 2i x
U( x)  A sin ( x)  A 
2
 2i  4
A
Hence coefficient of e ikx when k  2a is 
4
22. The phase space trajectory of an otherwise free particle bouncing between two hard walls elastically in
one dimensions is a
(a) straight line (b) parabola (c) rectangle (d) circle
Soln. The phase – space trajectory of a particle under any potential is the momentum – space diagram. If the
free particle has fixed amount of energy E, then
p2
E
2m
Where m is the mass of the particle
 p  (2mE )1/2
So we have two fixed value of p.
Moreover, the ball is bouncing between tow hards walls so position of it is also restricted, let’s say
between, x  a and x   a . So the phase space is
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
23. The atomic mass and mass density of sodium are 23 and 0.968 g cm-3, respectively. The number density
of valence electrons is ______ 10 22 cm-3. (up to two decimal places.)
(Avogadro number, N A  6.022 1023 ).
 N  atomic 
Soln. The number of density of valence electrons   
 M 
6.022 1023
  0.9968 cm3  2.53 1022 cm3
23
24. The degeneracy of the third energy level of a 3-dimensinal isotropic quantum harmonic oscillator is
(a) 6 (b) 12 (c) 8 (d) 10
Soln. The number of degeneracy of nth energy level of 3 – dimension isotropic harmonic oscillator is given by
1 1
 (n  1)(n  2)  (4)  (5) (for third energy level n = 3)
2 2
= 10
p2 1 2
25. A one dimensional simple harmonic oscillator with Hamiltonian H 0   kx is subjected to a small
2m 2
perturbation, H1   x   x3   x 4 . The first order correction to the ground state energy is dependent on
(a) only  (b)  and  (c)  and  (d) only 
Soln. The first order correction of the ground state energy

E0(1)  0 H ' 0   0 x 0   0 x3 0   0 x4 0  0  0   0 x4 0  
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
26. Three charges (2C, -1C, -1C) are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side 1m as shown in
the figure. The component of the electric dipole moment about the marked origin along the ŷ direction is
_______Cm.
Soln. Total charge of the system is 2 – 1 – 1 = 0

So, the dipole moment does not depend on the origin
So, the dipole moment w.r.t. the point A is
 1  3
P   qi r i   1   2  i   2 j  3 j  1.73 j
i  2  2
27. An object travels along the x-direction with velocity c 2 in a frame O. An observer in a frame O’ sees the
same object travelling with velocity c 4. The relative velocity of O’ with respect to O in units of c is
____________ (up to two decimal places)
Soln. v  velocity of O ' w .r .t O

v x
vx'  x
v x
1 x 2
C
c
  vx 
2
c
vx' 
4
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
c
v
c 2 c v c 7v c 2v
    v   v  0.28c
4 1 c 4 8 2 8 4 7
2c
28. The energy density and pressure of a photon gas are given by u  aT 4 and P  u / 3 , where T is the
temperature and a is the radiation constant. The entropy per unit volume is given by  aT 3 . The value of
 is _______. (up to two decimal places).
 T 4 or U  T 4 V  dU  a T 4VdT  T 4 dV 
U
Soln. Given : (1) u 
V
u U
(2) P  
3 3V
(3)   aT 4 or S   aT 3  dS   .a  3T 2VdT  T 3dV 
S
V
Using combined I and II law,
TdS  dU  PdV , we have
 
 aT  3T 2VdT  T 3dV   a  4T 3VdT  T 4 dV 
U
dV 
 3V 
4
 3 aT 3VdT   aT 4 dV  4T 3VdT  T 3dV
3
Comparing, we have
4
   1.33
3
29. A person weighs wp at Earth’s north pole and we at the equator. Treating the Earth as a perfet sphere of
radius 6400 km, the value 100  ( wp  we ) / wp is ______. (up to two deciaml places). (Take g  10 ms-2)
Soln. We know due to rotation of earth, weight of person at latitude  is given by
mg '  mg  m 2 R cos2 
 wp  mg (At North Pole)
And we  mg  mw2 R
 we  wp   mw2 R
wp  we w2 R w 2 R
  
wp g g
wp  we  2  6400 10
2 3
 100     100  0.003337 100  0.337
wp  24  3600  10
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
30. The minimum number of NAND gates required to construct an OR gate is

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 3
Soln. Minimum number of NAND gate required for OR – gate
Applying bubble short concept
Note: 3 number of NAND are needed.

0.5 1
31. The total energy of an inert-gas crystal is given by E ( R) 
 (in eV), where R is the inter-atomic
R12 R6
spacing in Angstroms. The equilibrium separation between the atoms is _______Angstroms. (up to two
decimal places).
0.5 1 dE 0.5(12) 6
Soln. E ( R)  12
 6   7
R R dR R13 R
dE
At the equilibrium 0
dR R  R0
6 6
Therefore,  13
 7  0  R0  1
R0 R0
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
32. The imaginary part of an analytic complex function is v(x, y) = 2xy +3y. The real part of the function is
zero at the origin. The value of the real part of the function at 1  i is _______. (up to two decimal places)
Soln. v( x, y )  2 xy  3 y
According to Cauchy Reamann equation
u v u v
  2 x  3  u  x 2  3x  f ( y );    2 y  u   y 2  g ( x)
x y x y
So, u( x, y)  x2  3x  y 2
u ( z  1  i )  u ( x  1, y  1)  3
33. Consider N non-interacting, distinguishable particle in a two-level system at temperature T. The energies
of the levels are 0 and  , where   0 . In the high temperature limit ( kBT   ), what is the population of
particle in the level with energy  ?
N N 3N
(a) (b) N (c) (d)
2 4 4
Soln. The population of particle in the level with energy ε is

N e   / k BT N e   / k BT N
N  0/ kBT   / k BT
   / k BT
  / k BT
e e 1 e e 1
In the high temperature limit,

 k BT     1
k BT
N N
 e / kBT  1  N  
11 2
34. For the transistor amplifier circuit shown below with R1  10k , R2  10k , R3  1k  and   99 .
Neglecting the emitter diode resistance, the input impedance of the amplifier looking into the base for
small ac signal is _______ kΩ . (up to two decimal places)
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln.
It’s a CC – configuration
Given : emitter diode resistance is zero; r  0
Vin  r  I h  (1  h fe ) I b  R3 r  0
 1  h fe  R3  (1  99)1  100 k 
Vin
Ri 
Ib
35. Which one of the following gases of diatomic molecules is Raman, infrared, and NMR active?
(a) 1H-1H (b) 12C-16O (c) 1H-35Cl (d) 16O-16O
Soln. For the Raman active, diatomic molecules must have changing polarisability. For IR active molecules
must have change in dipole moment. While for NMR, presence of non – zero nuclear spin is compulsory.
Considering given option:
(a) 1   1  : There is no change in dipole moment due to symmetry; therefore, it is not IR active.
(b) 12 C 16  : Net nuclear spin zero, therefore not NMR active.
(c) 1   35 Cl : It has all the condition available for IR, NMR and Raman active
(d) 16   16  : There is no change in dipole moment, therefore it is not IR active
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
36. Let X be a column vector of dimension n  1 with at least one non-zero entry. The number of non-zero
eigen values of the matrix M  XX T is
(a) 0 (b) (c) 1 (d) n  1
37. A free electron of energy 1eV is incident upon a one dimensional finite potential step of height 0.75 eV.
The probability of its reflection from the barrier is _____ (up to two decimal places).
Soln. The reflection coefficient,

2
 E  E  V0   1  0.25   1  0.5 2  0.5 2 1
2
R            0.11
 E  E V 
 0   1  0.25   1  0.5   1.5  9
38. An infinite solenoid carries a time varying current I (t )  At 2 , with A  0 . The axis of the solenoid is
along the ẑ direction. r̂ and ˆ are the usual radial and polar directions in cylindrical polar coordinates
B  B rˆ  B ˆ  B zˆ is the magnetic field at a point outside the solenoid. Which one of the following
r  z
statements is true?
(a) Br  0, B  0, Bz  0 (b) Br  0, B  0, Bz  0
(c) Br  0, B  0, Bz  0 (d) Br  0, B  0, Bz  0
Soln. The magnetic field inside the solenoid will be along z axis So, B  0, Br  B  0
39. Consider two particles and two non-degnerate quantum levels 1 and 2. Level 1 always contain a particle.
Hence, what is the probability that level 2 also contain a particle for each of the two cases:
(i) when the two particles are distinguishable and (ii) when the two particles are bosons?
(a) (i) 1 2 and (ii) 1 3 (b) (i) 1 2 and (ii) 1 2
(c) (i) 2 3 and (ii) 1 2 (d) (i) 1 and (ii) 0
Soln. 1. When particles A and B are distinguishable.

Since particles are distinguishable, there is no limit on the filling of the particles in energy levels.
Furthermore since level 1 already contains a particle; we have in total three ways to filled the levels.
2
Therefore, P (level 2 also contains a particle) 
3
2. When particles A and B are bonons.
Since bonons are distinguishable particles and there is no restriction on the filling of them in different
energy levels, we have in total two ways to fill them.
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1
Therefore, P(level 2 also contains a particle) 
2
a
40. The real space primitive lattice vectors are a1  axˆ and a2  ( xˆ  3 yˆ ) . The reciprocal space unit b1 and
2
b2 for this lattice are, respectively
2 yˆ 4 2 yˆ 4
(a) ( xˆ  ) and yˆ (b) ( xˆ  ) and yˆ
a 3 a 3 a 3 a 3
2 4 xˆ 2 4 xˆ
(c) xˆ and (  yˆ ) (d) xˆ and (  yˆ )
a 3 a 3 a 3 a 3
Soln. a1  ax; a2 
a
2
x 3 y 
Let a3  z
The reciprocal space vector of this lattice is
a 2  a3 2  3 a  2  1 
 b1  a1  2   ax  y    x y
(a 2  a 3 ) 3 2 2 2  a  3 
a
2
a 3  a1 2 a y 4 y
 b2  a2  2  
a1.(a 2  a 3 ) 3 2 3a
a
2
41. The geometric cross-section of two colliding protons at large energies is very well estimated by the
product of the effetive sizes of each particle. This is closest to
(a) 10b (b) 10 mb (c) 10 b (d) 10 pb
Soln. Consider two colliding protons at very large energies. The effective size of colliding protons is
approximately 105 times smaller (in radius) than an atom.
Size of an atom is generally considered in Angstroms ( )
1  = 10-10m
Effective size of proton will be 10-15m
Geometric cross – section  r 2  1030 m  102 barm  1 barm  1028 m2 
 102 b  10mb
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
42. A uniform volume charge density is placed inside a conductor (with resistivity 102 m ). The charge
density becomes 1 (2.718) of its original value after time ______ femto seconds. (up to two decimal
places) (  0  8.854 1012 F m)


0
t 0 0 
Soln. We know,   0 e   
 t 1
e  t
0
0
e

 t  0  8.85 1012 102  8.85 1014  88.50 1015 sec  8.8.50 Femto seconds

Correct option is (88.50)
43. Water freezes at 0o C atmospheric pressure (1.01105 Pa) . The densities of water and ice at this
temperature and pressure are 1000 kg m3 and 934 kg m3 respectively. The latent heat of fusion is
3.34  105 J kg. The pressure required for depressing the melting temperature of ice by 10 o C is
_____GPa. (up to two decimal places)
Soln. The charge in the temperature of the melting point of a solid dT due to a change of pressure dP is given
by Chaperon’s equation
dp L

dT T (v2  v1 )
Where L is the heat of fusion of the solid and (v2  v1 ) the change in volume, T is melting point
1
Specific volume of ice vice 
ice
1
Specific volume of water vwater 
 water
1 1
 v2  vice  , v1  vwater 
ice  water
dT = 10°C = 10 K, L = 3.34×105 J/kg, T = 273 K
LdT 3.34 105 10 3.34  934 109
dp   
 1 1  273  1  1  273(1000  934)
273     
 ice  water   934 1000 
 0.173 109 Pa  0.173 GPa

 x e dx is equal to _______. (up to two decimal places)

2 x 2
44. The integral
0

x e
2  x2
Soln. dx, [let x 2  t  2 xdx  dt ]
0
 
dt
  x.xe x dx   t1/2t t
2
0 0
2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974

1 32 1  t 1 1 1 1 1 
 
20
t e dt 
2
3/ 2  
2 2
1/ 2  
2 2
 
4
 0.44
45. JP for the ground state of the 13 C6 nucleus is

  
 3 3 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2
13
Soln. C6
Proton number P = 6 and Neutron number N = 7
P  6 : 2S1/2
2 2
1S3/2
N  7 :1S1/2
2 2
1P3/2 1
1S1/2
The total angular moment is due to momentum of last unpaired neutron.
1
J  , the parity   1   1  1
t 1

2
11
 JP 
2
46. A uniform solid cylinder is released on a horizontal surface with speed 5 m s without any rotation
(slipping without rolling). The cylinder eventually starts rolling without slipping. If the mass and radius
of the cylinder are 10 gm and 1cm respectively, the final linear velocity of the cylinder is ______m s.
(up to two decimal places)
Soln.
Angular momentum about point of contact is conserved

mu R  mvR  IC
2 v
mu R  mvR  mR2 .
5 R
7
u v
5
5 5  5 25
v u   3.57 m / s
7 7 7
47. Consider a one-dimensional potential well of width 3nm. Using the uncertainty principle (x  p  / 2)
an estimate of the minimum depth of the well such that it has at least one bound state for an electron is (
me  9.311031 kg , h  6.626 1034 Js, e  1.602 1019 C )
(a) 1 eV (b) 1meV (c) 1eV (d) 1MeV
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln.  x max  3 nm
h 109
 px min  
2  3 109 6
 6.626 1025 
 px  2  10 / 6  
2  36 

9 2
Emin      9.83 104  10 104 eV  1 meV

2m 2  9.311031 2  9.311031
So, the minimum depth of the well should be 1 meV
48. Consider an ideal operational amplifer as shown in the figure below with R1  5k , R2  1k , RL  100k 
. For an applied input voltage V  10mV , the current passing through R2 is __________  A . (up to two
decimal places)
Soln. Given R1  5 k 
R2  1 k 
RL  100 k 
V  10 mV
Current through R2  A (micro ampere)
An ideal op – amp has infinite input resistance. So, there will be no current pass through op – amp.
So, V  V (Virtual ground concept)
= 10 mV
10 mV 10 103
I R2  
R2 1103
I R2  1 10 6 Ampere
I R2  1  A
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
49. The   decays at rest to   and v . Assuming the neutrino to be mass less, the momentum of the
neutrino is ______MeV c. (up to two decimal places)
( m  139 MeV c2, m  105 MeV c2 ).
Soln.   
    v
Rest
By conservation of momentum, P  Py .....(1)

By conservation of energy
E  E  Ex
If m , m  and 0 are rest masses of   v and v respectively. Then equation (2) becomes
m c  P  m c  Pr c
2 2 2 4
 Pc 
m c   m c 

2 2

2 2
r
2m c 2
139   105
2 2
29.84
 Pc   29.84 MeV  Pr  MeV
2  I 39
r
c
Correct option is (29.84)
50. Consider the differential equation dy / dx  y tan ( x)  cos( x) . If y (0)  0, y ( / 3) is _______. (up to two
decimal places).
Soln. Given differential equation is

dy
 y tan x  cos x (1st order linear differential equation)
dx
I.F. =  tan xdx  elog sec x  sec x
e
Therefore, solution will be

 y  sec x   cos x.sec x dx  c
y sec x  x  c
 0  0c  c  0
x
So, y sec x  x  y   x cos x
sec x
   1 
 y( / 3)  cos     0.5233
3 3 3 2 6
51. Consider a metal with free electron density of 6  1022 cm-3. The lowest frequency electromagnetic
radiation to which this metal is transparent is 1.38  1016 Hz. If this metal had a free electron density of
1.8 1023 cm-3 instead, the lowest frequency electromagnetic radiation to which it would be transparent is
_______  1016 Hz. (up to two decimal places).
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. We know that the lowest frequency of electromagnetic wave that can propagate through the metal is
proportion to square root of density of free electrons.
f  n
f1 n1
 
f2 n2
n2 1.8 1023
 f 2  f1  0.38 1016 Hx  1.38 1016 3  2.39 1016 Hz
n1 6 1022
52. Using Hund’s rule the total angular momentum quantum number J for the electronic ground state of the
nitrogen atom is
(a) 1 2 (b) 3 2 (c) 0 (d) 1
Soln. Electronic configuration of the nitrogen 7 N  1s 2 2s 2 2 p 3

i.e., it has three electrons outside close shells
Chart of nitrogen state
3 3
i.e., total spin S  , multiplicity  2   1  4
2 2
Total L = 0, i.e. s – orbital
3
Total angular momentum J  L  S ....to L  S 
2
Therefore, ground state term is 4 S 3/ 2
53. Consider a 2-dimensional electron gas with a density of 1019 m-2. The Fermi energy of the system is
_______eV (up to two decimal places).
( me  9.311031 kg.h  6.626 1034 Js, e  1.602 1019 C )
Soln. Correct option is ().
54. Which one of the following operators is Hermitian?

( px x 2  x 2 p x ) ( px x 2  x 2 p x ) ip x a  ip x a
(a) i (b) i (c) e (d) e
2 2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
 i  px x 2  x 2 px   i  x 2 px  px x 2  i  px x 2  x 2 px 
†
Soln.    
 2  2 2
 
55. Positronium is an atom made of an electron and a positron. Given the Bohr radius for the ground state of
the hydrogen atom to be 0.53 Angstroms, the Bohr radius for the ground state of positronium is
___________Angstroms. (up to two decimal places).
4 0 2 n2 1 mm
Soln. Radius of the Bohr orbit is rn  , i.e., rn  , where   1 2 ; reduced mass of the
Ze 2
 m1  m2
hydrogen like system.
For hydrogen atom: m  1836 me
me .m p 1836 me
 H    me
me  m p 1837 me
For positronium atom: me  me
me .me me
 p  
me  me 2
RP H  1
  rn 
 
Ratio of ground state orbit
RH P 
  me
 RP   H  RH  0.53   2  0.53   1.060   1.06 
 P  me / 2
Correct option is (1.06).
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974

1. Which one of the following is an allowed electric dipole transition?
(a) 1S0 → 3S1 (b) 1S3/2 → 2D5/2 (c) 2D5/2 → 2P1/2 (d) 3P0 → 5D0
Soln. We know the selection rule for electric dipole transition are
  1, m  0, 1, j  1
Only option (b) satisfy the required condition for selection rule.
2. In spherical polar coordinates (r, θ, ϕ), the vector at is

1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2
Soln. In spherical polar coordinate,  is given by
  cos  cos  i  cos  sin  j  sin  k
 
Put, r  10,   , 
4 2
    
   cos cos  i  cos sin j  sin k
4 2 4 2 2
1 1
  j k
2 2
   
3. Among electric field ( E) , magnetic field ( B) , angular momentum ( L) , and vector potential ( A) , which
is/are odd under parity (space inversion) operation ?
      
(a) E Only (b) E & A only (c) E & B only (d) B & L only
Soln. Electric field E is true vector. It is odd under parity

B    and L  r  p
Both B and L are pseudo vectors and are even under parity
Both  and  are odd under parity
4. The scale factor corresponding to the covariant metric tensor giJ in spherical polar coordinates are
(a) 1, r2, r2 sin2 θ (b) 1, r2, sin2 θ (c) 1, 1, 1 (d) 1, r, r sin θ
Soln. The elementary length in spherical polar coordinate is written as

d  drr  rd  r sin  d
The coefficient of dr , d and d (1, r , r sin  ) are called the scale factors corresponding to the covariant
metric tensor in spherical polar coordinate.
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
5. In the context of small oscillations, which one of the following does NOT apply to the normal
coordinates ?
(a) Each normal coordinate has an Eigen-frequency associated with it
(b) The normal coordinates are orthogonal to one another
(c) The normal coordinates are all independent
(d) The potential energy of the system is a sum of squares of the normal coordinates with constant
coefficients
Soln. Each normal coordinate contains only a single frequency and they are independent of each other but they
are not orthogonal to each other.
6. A light beam of intensity I0 is falling normally on a surface. The surface absorbs 20% of the intensity and
the rest is reflected. The radiation pressure in the surface is given by X I0/c, where X is (up to
one decimal place). Here c is the speed of light.
Soln. Radiation pressure on the surface is given by
I I
P  0  (100  20)%of 0
C C
I0 I0 I0 I0
Or, P   0.8  1.8 
C C C C
 X  1.8
7. For the given unit cells of a two dimensional square lattice, which option lists all the primitive cells ?
Soln. A primitive cell is a unit cell that contains exactly one lattice point, and unit cells should fulfill the
following requirements
1. An arrangement of them can build up the whole crystal without overlaps and gaps.
2. There is no further partition of the unit cell that could itself be used as a unit cell.
(1), (2), (3) and (4) will satisfy the above conditions.
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
8. The high temperature magnetic susceptibility of solids having ions with magnetic moments can be
1
described by   with T as absolute temperature and θ as constant. The three behaviors i.e.
T 
paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic are described, respectively, by
(a) θ < 0, θ > 0, θ = 0 (b) θ > 0, θ < 0, θ = 0

(c) θ = 0, θ < 0, θ > 0 (d) θ = 0, θ > 0, θ < 0
Soln. Susceptibility for paramagnetic material varies inversely with temperature

1
 para  (  0)
T
1
 faro , where   0
T 
And for anti – ferromagnetic material   0
9. The Eigenvalues of a Hermitian matrix are all
(a) Real (b) imaginary (c) of modulus one (d) real and positive
Soln. Since the eigenvalues of Harmitian matrix represent the physical quantity. So, they must be real/
10. At low temperatures (T), the specific heat of common metals is described by (with α and β as constants)
(a) α T + β T3 (b) β T3 (c) exp (-α/T) (d) α T + β T5
Soln. At low temperature,

Specific heat due to electron (C) goes as T
Specific heat due to photon (Cpara) goes as T.
 C  Cet  C ph  T   T
11. The number of independent components of a general electromagnetic field tensor is .
Soln. A general electromagnetic field tensor F v ions anti – symmetric rank – 2 sensor

Number of independent components of Fv  (n  1)
2
Here, n  4,
4
Therefore, number of independent components of Fv  (4  1)  6
2
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
12. Match the physical effects and order of magnitude of their energy scales given below, where
e2
 is fine structure constant; me and mp are electron and proton mass, respectively.
4 0 c
Group I Group II
P: Lamb shift 1: O (  2 me c 2 )
Q: fine structure 2: O (  4 me c 2 )
R: Bohr energy 3: O (  4 me2 c 2 / m p )
S: Hyperfine structure 4: O (  5 me c 2 )
(a) P-3,Q-1, R-2, S-4 (b) P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4
(c) P-4,Q-2, R-1, S-3 (d) P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-3
Soln. The Bohr energy,

2
m e4 z 2  2 z 4 mc e4 z 2 1 me  e2  z2 2 z
2

 c2 2       c 2
   2
m c  2
8 0 32  0 n 2  4 0 c 
3 2 2 2 2 2 c
n n  2n 
The energy corresponding line structure
2
mc e4 z 2  2 z 4  1 3   e2   2 mc c 2  1 3 
 2 2 3 
   mc     
8 0 n   (1/ 2) 4n   4 0 c  2n   (1/ 2) 4n 
3
z4  1 3 
 me 2c 2 3   
2n   (1/ 2) 4n 
  2 mc c 2 
The energy corresponding to hyperfine structure the order of  
 m
 p 
The energy corresponding to Lamb shift is given by
 5 mc c 2
13. Which one of the following represents the 3p radial wave function of hydrogen atom ? (a0 is the Bohr
radius)
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. The radial wave function Rn (r ) of hydrogen atom

1. Varies as r for small r.
2. Decreases exponentially at large r.
3. Has (n   1) radial nodes (not including r = 0)
For 3p state (n  3, l  1)
1. Rn will vary as r for small r,
2. Decrease exponentially for large r.
3. It has 1 node.
Only option (b) satisfies all these conditions.
14. For an operational amplifier (ideal) circuit shown below,
If V1 = 1 and V2 = 2 V, the value of V0 is V (up to one decimal place).
Soln. Given OP – AMP ideal,
Applying nodal analysis at

0  1 0  2 0  V0
  0
2 5 4
V0 1 2
     V0  3.6 V
4 2 5
Correct answer is (-3.6)
15. The logic expression can be simplified to
(a) AXORC (b) A AND (c) 0 (d) 1
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Soln. f   C  C C  C

f   C     C    ,
f   C.1  C.1; f   C  C    C
f  AXOR C
Note: x  x  1 Axioms/property
16. An infinitely long straight wire is carrying a steady current I. the ratio of magnetic energy density at
distance r1 to that at r2 ( = 2 r1) from the wire is.
1 2
Soln. Magnetic energy density, u  B
2 0
For an infinitely long straight wire, magnetic field at a distance r from the wire,
I 1  0 I 
2
1 2 1
B  0 ; u (r )  B     u (r )  2
2 r 2 0 20  2 r  r
u (r1 ) r22 (2r1 ) 2
   2 4
u (r2 ) r12 r1
17. The expression for the second overtone frequency in the vibrational absorption spectra of a diatomic
molecule in the terms of the harmonic frequency ωe and anharmonicity constant xe is
(a) 2ωe (1 – xe) (b) 2ωe (1 – 3xe) (c) 3ωe (1 – 2xe) (d) 3ωe (1 – 4xe)
Soln. The vibrational terms of diatomic molecules are given by
2
 1  1
G (v)  e  v    e xe  v  
 2  2
 1
 G(0)  e  e xe
2 4
7 49
G(3)  e  e xe
2 4
Therefore, the second overtone frequency is
7 49  1
v  G(3)  G(0)  e  e xe  e  e xe  3e  12e xe
2 4 2 4
 3e (1  4 xe )
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
18. The elementary particle  0 is placed in the baryon decuplet, shown below, at
(a) P (b) Q (c) R (d) S

Soln. Comparity with the given figure particle  is placed at R.
0
19. For nucleus 164Er, a Jπ = 2+ state is at 90 KeV. Assuming 164Er to be rigid rotor, the energy of its 4+ state
is KeV (up to one decimal place).
Soln. Rotational energy is given by

2
EJ  J ( J  1)
2I
2 2
E2 90
E2   23   
KeV
2I 2I 6 6
2
90
 E4   4  5   20  300 KeV
2I 6
20. The intrinsic/permanent electric dipole moment in the ground state of Hydrogen atom is (a0 is the Bohr
radius)
(a) – 3ea0 (b) Zero (c) ea0 (d) 3ea0
Soln. Since the ground state of hydrogen atom has spherical shape and electron is uniform distributed over the
surface. So, net electric dipole moment will be zero.
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
21. A spaceship is travelling with a velocity of 0.7c away from a space station. The spaceship ejects a probe
with a velocity 0.59c apposite to its own velocity. A person in the space station would see the probe
moving at a moving at a speed Xc, where the value of X is (up to three decimal places).
Soln.
Velocity of probe in S frame (observer on spaceship)

v'  v
vx  x
vv
1  x2
c
Here, v 'x  0.59c, v  0.7c
0.59c  0.7c 0.11c
vx    0.187c  Xc
1  (0.59  0.7) 1  0.413
 X  0.187
22. In a 2-to-1 multiplexer as shown below, the output X = A0 if C = 0, and X = A1 if C = 1.
Which one of the following is the correct implementation of this multiplexer ?
Soln.
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Output of 2 × 1 MUX given by

X  C . A0  CA1
Consider option (a)
Hence, option (a) is correct is satisfy output of 2 × 1 MUX.

Note: Multiplexes is also referred as data selector.
23. If X is the dimensionality of a free electron gas, the energy (E) dependence of density of states is given
1
X Y
2
by E , where Y is .
Soln. X = dimensionally of free electron gas

1
x y
D( E )  E 2
We know that the density of state of electron gas in 3 – D is D( E )  E1/2
3 1
 Y   Y 1
2 2
24. In the decay, μ+ → e+ + ve + X, what is X ?
(a)  (b) v e (c) v (d) v 

Soln.
 
 e  ve  X
Q :1 1 0 Q
Le : 0 1 1 Q Q0
Le :1 1 1 Le Le  0
L  : 1 0 0 L L  1
Therefore, the particle is v  .
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
25. Given the following table,
Group I Group II
P: Stren-Gerlach experiment 1: wave nature of particles
Q: Zeeman effect 2: Quantization of energy of electrons in the atoms
R: Frank-Hertz experiment 3: Existence of electron spin
S: Davisson-Germer experiment 4: Space quantization of angular momentum
Which one of the following correctly matches the experiments from Group I to their inferences in Group
II ?
(a) P-2,Q-3, R-4, S-1 (b) P-1, Q-3, R-2, S-4
(c) P-3,Q-4, R-2, S-1 (d) P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3
Soln. (P) Stern – Gerlach experiment → existence of electron spin

(Q) Zeeman effect → space quantization of angular momentum
(R) Frank – Hertz experiment → Quantization of energy of electrons in the atoms
(S) Davisson – Germer experiment → wave nature of particles
26. A p-doped semiconductor slab carries a current I = 100 mA in a magnetic field B = 0.2 T as shown. One
measured Vy = 0.25 mV and Vx = 3 mV. The mobility of holes in the semiconductor is m2V-1S-1
(up to two decimal places).
Soln. Hall coefficient,

V 1 0.25 103 103
RH  h   Ru   12.5105
IB ne 100 103  0.2
V 2mV 2
Electron field along x – axis, E  x   Vm 1
d 10 mm 10
i 100 mA 104
Current density, J   3 3
 Amp m2
A 10 10  4 10 4
j 104 10 105

j E     AV 1 m1
E 4 2 8
 105
  nc       RH  12.5 105  1.562 m2 1s 1
nc 8
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
27. Three particle are to be distributed in four non-degenerate energy levels. The possible number of ways of
distribution: (i) for distinguishable particles, and (ii) for identical Bosons, respectively, is
(a) (i) 24, (ii) 4 (b) (i) 24, (ii) 20 (c) (i) 64, (ii) 20 (d) (i) 64, (ii) 16
Soln. (i) For distinguishable particles, the possible number of ways re ( g )  (4)3  64
(ii) For bosons, the possible number of ways are
(n  g  1)! (3  4  1)!
  20
n!( g  1)! 3!(4  1)!
28. An atom in its singlet state is subjected to a magnetic field. The Zeeman splitting of its 650 nm spectral
line is 0.03 nm. The magnitude of the field is Tesla (up to two decimal places).
(e = 0.60 × 10-19 C, me = 9.11 × 10-31 kg, c = 3.0 × 108 ms-1)
Soln. The wave number separation between components of a normal Zeeman transition
eB
v  .....(1)
4 n e
 0.03 109 1 0.03 109 1
 v   m  m
 2 60  650 1018 650  650
From equation (1), we can write
v  4 me 0.03 109 4  3.14  9.11031  3 108
B   T  1.52 telsa
e 650  650 1.6 1019
29. The partition function of an ensemble at a temperature T is

N
  
Z   2 cosh  ,
 k BT 

Where kB is the Boltzmann constant. The heat capacity of this ensemble at T = is X NkB, where the
kB
value of X is (up to two decimal places).
N
  
Soln. Given :  2 cos   (2 cosh  )
 k BT 
The average total is
 
E  ln z  N ln(2cosh  )   N  tanh 
 
Therefore, the heat capacity is
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
     
CV   E   kB  2  E   Nk B  2 2 1  (tanh  ) 2 
 T    V
N 2   e / k B T e   / k B T  
 1    / kBT 
k BT 2  e  e   / k BT  

At T  , we have
kB
N 2   e  e 1 2 
CV  1      Nk B (0.42) (into two place decimal)
k B ( / k B ) 2   e  e 1  
 
30. A quarter wave plat introduces a path difference of λ/4 between the two components of polarization
  
parallel and perpendicular to the optic axis. And electromagnetic wave with E  ( x  y) E0 ei ( kz t ) is
incident normally on a quarter wave plate which has its optic axis making an angle 135° with the x-axis
as shown.
The emergent electromagnetic wave would be

(a) Elliptically polarized
(b) Circularly polarized
(c) Linearly polarized with polarization as that of incident wave
(d) Linearly polarized but with polarization at 90° to that of the incident wave
Soln. Given: Electromagnetic wave E  ( x  y) E0ei ( kz t ) is superposition of two mutually perpendicular plane
polarized wave.
Ex ( z, t )  E0ei ( kz t )
And E y ( z , t )  E0 ei ( kz t )
Superposition of these pair of waves given linearly polarized wave as phase difference   0.
Resultant electric field vector makes an angle θ with the x – axis, which is given by
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
E y ( z, t )
tan    1    45
Ex ( z , t )
Thus, electric field of incident wave falls on quarter wave plate (QWP) at ϕ = 90°. We know that when a
linearly polarized (LP) light is incident of QWP with oscillation perpendicular to optical axis, it emerges
out with same polarization.
31. Two solid spheres A and B have same emissivity. The radius of A is four times the radius of B, and
temperature of A is twice the temperature of B. the ratio of the rate of heat radiated from A to that from B
is .
Soln. The rate of heat radiated from the sphere is

P  4 e r 2T 4
Where e is the emissivity of the sphere with radius r and temperature T and σ is the Stefan – Boltzmann
constant.
Given: rA  4rB ; TA  2TB ; eA  eB
2 4
PA  rA   TA 
       256
PB  rB   TB 
32. The absolute value of the integral

5 z3  3 z 2
 z 2  4 dz,
over the circle z  1.5  1 in complex plane, is (up to two decimal places).
5 z 3  3z 2
Soln. I   2 dz, Here, c : z  1.5  1
C
z 4
Condition of singularly: z 2  4  0  z  2, 2
Only z = 2 lies inside the given contour
 5 z 3  3z 2 
Residue of f ( z ) at ( z  2)  lim  ( z  2)   13
z 2
 ( z  2)( z  2) 
 I  2 i [Residue at (z = 2)]  2 i 13  81.64i
33. A long straight wire, having radius a and resistance per unit length r, carries a current I. the magnitude
and direction of the poynting vector in the surface of the wire is
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
(a) I2r/2πa , perpendicular to axis of the wire and pointing inwards

(b) I2r/2πa , perpendicular to axis of the wire and pointing outwards
(c) I2r/πa , perpendicular to axis of the wire and pointing inwards
(d) I2r/πa , perpendicular to axis of the wire and pointing outwards
Soln. Using, R  
A
R 
Or, 
A
 R 
Or,   eA   a 2 r  Given :  r 
 
1
   J E
 a 2r
2 
 a 2r  z
J I
Or, E 
 a
Or, E  Ir z …….(i)
I
B 0  ……(ii)
2 a
I 
Pointing vector, S 
1
0
 
1 
E  B   Ir z  0  
0  2 a 
(Using (i) and (ii))
I 2r I 2r
 (  )   
2 a 2 a
I 2r
Therefore, the pointing vector on the surface of the wire is , perpendicular to axis of the wire and
2 a
pointing inwards.
34. An interstellar object has speed v at the point of its shortest distance R from a star of much larger mass
M. Given v 2 = 2 GM/R, the trajectory of the object is
(a) Circle (b) ellipse (c) parabola (d) hyperbola

2Gm
Soln. Given : v 
R
GMm
Force on the object, F 
r2
1 2 1  2GM  GMm
Kinetic energy  mv  K .E  m  
2 2  R  R
 GMm  GMm
Potential energy    Fdr      2 dr  
 r  r
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
GMm
Potential energy at r  Ri P.E.  
R
GMm GMm
Total energy, E  K .E.  P.E.   0
R R
Since, E = 0 therefore, trajectory of the object will be parabolic.
35. The ground state energy of a particle of mass m in an infinite potential well is E0. It changes to E0 (1+ α
-3 2 2
× 10 ), when there is a small potential bump of height V0 = and width a = L/100, as shown in
50 mL2
the figure. The value of α is (up to two decimal places).
Soln. The ground state wave function of particle of infinite potential well of width I given by
2 x  2 2
 sin   and ground state energy, E 
L  L  2mL2
The perpendicular potential
 2 2 L a L a
 for   x  
VP ( x)  V0   50mL 2
2 2 2 2
0
 otherwise
Therefore, the first order energy correction,
L a

x   2 L
2 2
2 2V0
  VP ( x)   V0  
LL a
sin 2   dx 
 L  L
sin 2     a(since a  L)
L 2

2 2
2 L 2 2  2 2
   2
 2
 0.8 103  E0  0.8 103
L 100 50mL 2mL
Therefore, the ground state energy with first order correction, will be
E  ( E0  E0  0.8 103 )  E0 ( I  0.8 103 )

So,   0.8
36. Consider an infinitely long solenoid with N turns per unit length, radius R and carrying a current I (t) = α
cos ωt, where α is a constant and ω is the angular frequency. The magnitude of electric field at the
surface of the solenoid is
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1 1
(a) μ0 NRωα sin ωt (b) μ0 NRωα cos ωt
2 2
(c) μ0 NRωα sin ωt (d) μ0 NRωα cos ωt
Soln. Using the integral from of Maxwell – Faraday equation,

B
C E.d  S dt .d A
At the surface of solenoid,
B
E (2 R)   R2 ....(i)
t
B  0 NI (t )  0 N cos t ....(ii)
Using equation (ii) in (i),
R 1
E  0 N ( sin t )  0 NR sin t
2 2
37. Inside a large nucleus, a nucleon with mass 939 Me Vc-2 has Fermi momentum 1.40 fm-1 at absolute zero
temperature. Its velocity is Xc, where the value of X is (up to two decimal places).
( c = 197 MeV-fm)
Soln. Correct answer is ().
38. An α particle is emitted by a 23090 Th nucleus. Assuming the potential to be purely columbic beyond the
point of separation, the height of the coulomb barriers is MeV (up to two decimal places).
2
e
( = 1.44 MeV-fm, r0 = 1.30 fm)
4 0
1 (88e)(2e)
Soln. Height of Coulomb barrier V 
4 0 R
Where 88e in charge of daughter nuclei after alpha decay, 2e is charge of α – particles and R is distance
between centres of daughter nuclei and α - particles just before separation.
 R  Rdaughter model  R particle  R  R0 A1/3 
 R  R0 (226)1/3  R0 (4)1/3  R0 (226)1/3  (4)1/3 
 1.30  6.091199  1.5874  9.98218 fm
Here, 226 is mass number of daughter nuclei and 4 is mass number of α – particles.
1 (88e)(2e) e2
Now, V   1.44 MeV fm
4 0 9.98218 fm 4 0
88  2
 V  1.44 MeV  fm   25.38 MeV
9.9818 fm
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
39. A particle moves in one dimension under a potential V (x) =  x with some non-zero total energy.
Which one of the following best describes the particle trajectory in the phase space ?
Soln. For the given potential, V ( x )   x two options are possible however we need to check the slopes where
Px  0 to find the correct option.
P2
E  x
2m
Or, p  2 m( E   x )
dp 1  x  d x x
   0  2m    
dx 2 2m( E   x )  x  dx x
 x 2m
dp x
Or, 
dx 2 2m( E   x )
For left hand limit, x  0 ( x  0)
dp  (1) 2m  x 
lim    xlim
 1
x  0 dx 2 2mE 2 2mE  0 x 
For right hand limit x  0 ( x  0)
dp  (1)2 m  2m  x 
lim    lim  1
x  0 dx 2 2mE 2 2mE  x 0 x 
The slopes are different. Since the derivative of p with respect to x is discontinuous at x  0, there should
be a ‘kink’ at x  0.
40. If H is the Hamiltonian for a free particle with mass m, the commutator [x, [x,H]] is
(a) 2
/m (b)  2
/m (c)  2
/ (2m) (d) 2
/ (2m)
Soln. The Hamiltonian for free particle is

p2
H
2m
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
  p2   1
Now,  x,  x, H    x,  x,    x,  x, p 2  
  
  2m   2m
1 1
  x, 2 p  x, p    x, 2 p(i )
2m 2m
     
2
2i
 x, p    A, f B   f ' B  A, B 
   
2m m
          
41. Given V1  l  J and V2   2 l  3 J  k , which one of the following V3 makes (V1 ,V2 ,V3 ) a complete set
for a three dimensional real linear vector space ?
       
(a) V3  l  J  4 k (b) V3  2 l  J  2 k
       
(c) V3  l  2 J  6 k (d) V3  2 l  J  4 k
Soln. V 1  i  j , V 2  2i  3 j , 3k

If vector, V 1 ,V 2 and V 3 makes complete set of 3 – D real linear vector space then V 1 ,V 2 and V 3 should be
linearly independent i.e. V 1 V 2 V 3  0  
Only option (d) satisfies this condition.
42. An electromagnetic plane wave is propagating with an intensity l = 1.0 × 10 5 Wm-2 in a medium with ε =
3ε0 and μ = μ0. The amplitude of the electric field inside the medium is × 103 Vm-1 (up to
one decimal place).
(ε0 = 8.85 × 10-12 C2N-1m-2, μ0 = 4π × 10-7NA-2, c = 3 × 108 ms-1)
Soln. Intensity of an electromagnetic plane waves in a medium is given by

1
I   E02
2
Where,  is permittivity of medium is velocity in medium, E0 as amplitude of electric field
I 1 1 1 c
v   
 0  3 0 3 0 0 3
1  c  2 2I
I  (3 0 )   E0  E0 
2  3 3 0 c
Putting the values of I  1.0 105 Wm2
0  8.85 1012 c 2 N 1m2 , c  3 108 ms 1 , we get
2 1105
E0 
38.85 1012  35108
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
2 109
  0.659  104  6.6 103 Vm 1
3  8.85  3
43. An n-channel FET having gate-source switch –off voltage VGS(OFF) = - 2 V is used to invert a 0 – 5 V
square-wave signal as shown. The maximum allowed value of R would be kΩ (up to two
decimal places).
Soln. If VGS > -2V output will be 0

If VGS > -2V output will be +V
The maximum allowed value of R is given by

5  (12)
1  12  2
( R  1)
17
  10  1  R  1.7 k  R  0.7 k
1 R
44. For the transformation
Q  2q e1 2 cos p, P  2q e  1 sin p
(where α is a constant) to be canonical, the value of α is .
Soln. Given : Q  2q e 1 2 a cos p, P  2q e  1 sin p

For the transformation to be canonical, Poisson bracket, Q, Pq. p  1
Q P Q P
  1
q p p q
 2 1 2   2  1 
  e
 
cos p  2 qe 1 cos p    
2qe1 2 a ( sin p) 
2 q
e sin p   1

2 q   
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
 e2 cos2 p  e2 sin 2 p  1

 e2  1  e2  e0    2
45. Amongst electrical resistivity (ρ), thermal conductivity (k), specific heat (c), young’s modulus (Y), and
magnetic susceptibility (χ), which quantities show a sharp change at the superconducting transition
temperature ?
(a) ρ, k, C, Y (b) ρ, C, χ (c) ρ, k, C, χ (d) k, Y, χ

Soln.
46. Given
d 2 f ( x) d f ( x)
2
2  f ( x)  0
dx dx 2
and boundary conditions f (0) = 1 and f (1) = 0, the value of f (0.5) is (up to two decimal
places).
d 2 f ( x) df ( x)
Soln. 2
2  f ( x)  0
dx dx
Assume, the trial solution, f ( x)  C.enix
So, the auxiliary equation will be m2  2m  1  0  m  1,1
So, solution will be f ( x)  (C1  C2 x)e x
Applying f (0)  1, we get, 1  C1
Applying f (0)  0, we get, 0  (1  C2 )e  C2  1
So, f ( x)  (1  x)e x
Therefore, f (0.5)  (1  0.5)e0.5  0.824
47. A two –state quantum system has energy eigenvalues  ε corresponding to the normalized states    .
1
At the t = 0, the system is in quantum state [        ] . The probability that the system will be in
2
the same state at t = h/(σε) is (up to two decimal places).
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
1
Soln. Given the energy of two states are  ,  and   (t  0)        
2
1  ict ict

   (t )   e   e 
h h
2 
 h 
Therefore, the probability of finding the particle in the same state at t    is
 6 
2
 h 
   (0)    l  
 6 
2
 ic 2 h  ic 2 h
 
          e
1  
h 6
   e h 6 
4  
2
1 i i
1  2   2   1
 e 3  e 3   2  2 cos     cos     0.25
4 4  3  3 4
48. The energy dispersion for electrons in one dimensional lattice with lattice parameter a is given by E (k) =
1
E0  W cos ka, where W and E0 are constants. The effective mass of the electron near the bottom of the
2
band is
2 2
2 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
W a2 W a2 2W a 2 4W a 2
1
Soln. E (k )  E0   cos ka
2
1
 d 2E  d 2E 1
m*   2  & 2  a 2 cos ka
2
 dk  dk 2
At the bottom of band, k  0
d 2E  2

dk 2 k 0 2
2
2
 m* 
 2
49. The term symbol for the electronic ground state of oxygen atom is
(a) 1S0 (b) 1D2 (c) 3P0 (d) 3P2
Soln. 8 16 :1s 2 2s 2 2 p 4
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
  m 1
1 1
s  1
2 2
j   s to  s  0,1, 2
Since, 2p shell greater than half filled so the J value corresponding to ground state will be J  J max  2
J   S  11  2
Therefore, the term symbol of ground state of oxygen is
2 s 1
TJ  3 P2
50. An air-conditioner maintains the room temperature at 27°C while the outside temperature is 47°C. the
heat conducted through the walls of the room from outside to inside due to temperature difference is
7000 W. the minimum work done by the compressor of the air-conditioner per unit time is W.
Soln. For minimum work, the air – conditions should follow the carnot cycle.
Q1 T1

Q2 T2
7000  320
 Q1   7466.67
300
 Wmin  Q1  Q2  7466.67  7000.00  466.67W
51. A uniform circular disc of mass m and radius R is rotating with angular speed ω about and axis passing
through its center and making and angle θ = 30° with the axis of the disc. If the kinetic energy of the disc
is αmω2R2, the value of α is (up to two decimal places).
Soln. Component of  perpendicular to disc plane    cos  and component of  parallel to disc plane
   sin 
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Moment of inertia of disc about an axis passing through is centre and perpendicular to its plane is
1
I1  mR 2
2
1
Moment of inertia of disc about an axis passing through its diameter is I 2  mR 2
4
Therefore, total kinetic energy
1 1 11  11 
 I12  I 2 2   mR 2   2 cos 2    mR 2   2 sin 2 
2 2 22  24 
 cos 30 sin 30 
2 2
3 1
 mR 2 2     mR 2 2   
 4 8  16 32 
7
 mR2 2   m 2 R2
32
7
    0.21875  0.22
32
52. 4 Me V γ-rays emitted by the de-excitation of 19F are attributed, assuming spherical symmetry, to the
transition of protons from 1d3/2 state to 1d5/2 state. If the contribution of spin-orbit term to the total energy
 
is written as C   l . S , the magnitude of C is MeV (up to one decimal place).
Soln. 1.6MeV E  4MeV

E  c .S
.S   J ( J  1)  (  1)  s( s  1) / 2
1 1 1
Where; J   and  and s 
2 2 2
Putting values of J and s, we get
(2  1)
E  c  , now for 1d,  2 and E  4MeV
2
E  2 4 2 8
 c    1.6MeV
2 1 2  2 1 5
53. The quantum effects in an ideal gas become important below a certain temperature TQ when de Broglie
wavelength corresponding to the root mean square thermal speed becomes equal to the inter-atomic
separation. For such a gas atoms of mass 2 × 10-26 kg and number density 6.4 × 1025 m-3, TQ =
× 10-3K (up to one decimal place).
Soln. The de – Broglie wavelength is
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
h 3k BT
 where, v rms 
mvrms m
h
 
3mk BT
Given:   a0 where, a0 is the metronomic separation
h h2
  a0  T 
3mk BT 3mk B a02
(6.6 1034 )2  (6.4 1025 ) 2/3
 T
3  2 1026 1.38 1023
6.6  6.6 16 106816 26 23
  84.28 103  84.3 103 (upto one place decimal)
3  2 1.38
54. A micro canonical ensemble consists of 12 atoms with each taking either energy 0 state, or energy ε state.
Both states are non-degenerate. If the total energy of this ensemble is 4 ε, its entropy will be
KB is the Boltzmann constant.
Soln. Let N1 and N2 be the number of atoms with energy 0 and ε, respectively. Then,
N1  N2  12 ......(1)
And N1 (0)  N2 ( )  4
Solving equations (1) and (2), we have
N1  8 and N 2  4
Therefore, the possible number of micro – states are
12! 12 1110  9
  12CN1  12CN2    495
4!8! 8  4  3  2 1
Therefore, the entropy is
S  kB ln   kB ln 495  6.2 k B (up to one place decimal)
 
55. A constant and uniform magnetic field B = B0 k pervades all space. Which one of the following is the
correct choice for the vector potential in coulomb gauge ?
   1  
(a)  B0 ( x  y ) l (b) B0 ( x  y) J (c) B0 x J (d)  B0 ( x l  y J )
2
Soln. Firstly, lets check which of the option satisfies Coulomb gauge:
A Ay Az
.  0  x   0
x y z
Option (A): 1   B0 ( x  y)i, .1   B0  0
Option (B): 1   B0 ( x  y) j, .2  B0  0
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974
Option (C): 3  B0 x j, .3  0

B B B
Option (D): 4  0 ( xi  y j ), .4   0  0  0
2 2 2
Therefore, 3 and  4 satisfy the Coulomb gauge.
Now, using B    for 3 and  4 , we get
i j k i j k
     
  3   B0 k ;    4  0
x y z x y z
0 B0 x 0 B x B0 y
 0 0
2 2
Therefore, B0 x j is the required vector potential
Correct option is (c)
Tel: 011-26521410, Mob: 09654680505, 07503646974

Gate Paper Solution - 2007 - 2018

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Gate Paper Solution - 2007 - 2018

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

UGC POINT ACADEMY SOLUTION Page.

TOPIC PAGE: NO.

GATE SOLVED PAPER – GATE – 2007 2 – 35

GATE SOLVED PAPER – GATE – 2008 36 – 73

GATE SOLVED PAPER – GATE – 2009 74 – 101

GATE SOLVED PAPER – GATE – 2010 102 – 123

GATE SOLVED PAPER – GATE – 2011 124 – 143

GATE SOLVED PAPER – GATE – 2012 144 – 167

GATE SOLVED PAPER – GATE – 2013 168 – 190

GATE SOLVED PAPER – GATE – 2014 191 – 213

GATE SOLVED PAPER – GATE – 2015 214 – 240

GATE SOLVED PAPER – GATE – 2016 241 – 266

GATE SOLVED PAPER – GATE – 2017 267 – 288

GATE SOLVED PAPER – GATE – 2018 289 – 313

[GATE PAPER SOLUTION – 2007]

Soln. P0  150W ; Pi  1.5W

4. Four point charges are placed in a plane at the following positions:

Soln. Since, total charge is zero. So, monopole moment is zero.

6. Match the following

7. The wave function of a particle, moving in a one-dimensional time-independent potential , is given

Correct option is (a).

9. In a He-He laser, the laser transition takes place in

(a) The particle will always be in a bound state

13. It is necessary to apply quantum statistics to a system of particle if

Soln. Electron configuration of oxygen, O8 :1s 2 2s 2 2 p 4

15. Fission fragments are generally radioactive as

17. The allowed states for He configuration are

18. The energy levels of a particle of mass in a potential of the form

are given, in terms of quantum number by

Soln. For the given potential,

20. The strangeness quantum number is conserved in

Soln. Strangeness is conserved in strong and electromagnetic both interactions.

Correct option is (a).

23. If r  xiˆ  yjˆ , then

 x '  cos 60 0  sin 60  

Correct option is (b).

Soln. The solution of Legendre differential equation will be

29. Match the following

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Soln. (P) rest mass → (2) Lorentz invariant

(S) Electromagnetic field → (3) tensor of rank 2

30. The moment of inertia of a uniform sphere of radius about an axis

 R 5 5 R5 7 R5 3 R 5

31. The Lagrangian of a particle of mass m is

L            ( x  y 2 )  W sin t , where V, W and  are constants. The

Soln. L explicitly depends on t so energy is not conserved

m  dx1   dx2   dx3   k

m  dx1   dx2   dx3   k

Soln. Kinetic energy

Soln. We have, I  150 Wm2

Soln. . A    3zy  i  3xy j  3xyk  0 does not follow coulomb gauge

Soln. Schrodinger equation,

38. If  x, p   i the value of  x3 , p  is

40. An atomic state of hydrogen is represented by the following wave function

Soln. Given : T1  0 C  273K , Q1  ? and T2  22 C  295K , Q2  450 KJs 1

Soln. Given : Every excited state is 3 – fold degenerate

So number of possible are three.

Soln. For Helium : 4 3 P1

Soln. For 3 D3 state, L  2, J  3, 2S  1  3  S  1

48. The hyperfine structure of Na (3 2 P3/2 ) with nuclear spin I  3 / 2 has

Soln. For Na  3 2 P3/2  with nuclear spin 1  , we have, J  , 2S 1  2  S  and L = 1

Correct option is (d).

Soln. The allowed rotational energy

From equations (iii) and (iv), we get