ST. JAMES SCHOOL OF SUBIC, INC.

Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales

SY 2022 - 2023

BETTER COMPREHENSION WITH CONTEXT CLUES:

A CASE STUDY OF ENHANCING COMPREHENSION
AMONG GRADE 9 STUDENTS

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements in
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
Quarter 4

Submitted to:
MS. CELINE R. DELA CRUZ, MBA
MS. NICOLE DENISE R. PANUGA, LPT
MS. MARJULINE A. DE GUZMAN
Subject Teachers

Submitted by:
Joseline G. Sison
Myndee Amylee D. Abat
Ceanne Mary Louise Q. Salamate
Grade 11 - STEM A

Date Submitted:
June 15, 2023
 ST. JAMES SCHOOL OF SUBIC, INC.
Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, the researchers would like to deliver their thanks and

gratefulness to God, who, throughout the whole research process, guided them and

provided them with healthy bodies, people who accompanied them, and time to finish

this research. They want to praise God for his blessings to them, which helped them

continue and be motivated to complete this study.

In finishing this research entitled “Better Comprehension With Context Clues: A

Case Study of Enhancing Comprehension Among Grade 9 Students”, there were so many

obstacles faced by the researchers. They had to learn from scratch, but also with the help

of the lectures, corrections, and expert advice of their research teachers Ms. Celine Dela

Cruz, MBA, and Ms. Nicole Denise R. Panuga, LPT, who were patient and guided and

helped the researchers accomplish their research paper.

Special thanks also to the beloved families of the researchers who gave support,

courage, and financial support for them to finish this study. They also want to express

their gratitude to their classmates who showed support, love, and care and prayed for

everybody’s success.

Last and most especially, they want to extend their special thanks and

appreciation to the participants from Grade 9. They played a huge role in accomplishing

this study as they willingly shared their time and experiences. Most importantly, the

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

admission of the great and kind school principal of St. James School of Subic, Inc., Sr.

Gracia O. Abejo, and the teachers who supported and allowed the researchers, such as Ms.

Marjuline A. De Guzman and Mrs. Mary Ahnne Montemayor Manlapat, to borrow their

time to interview the participants that helped attain the success of this study. The

contributions of these people made the research complete and shaped.

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................................ ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................ iv

ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................. vii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................ 1

Background of the Study............................................................................................................ 1

Significance of the Study............................................................................................................. 3

Problem Statements..................................................................................................................... 4

Scope and Delimitation............................................................................................................... 4

Benefits and Beneficiaries........................................................................................................... 4

CHAPTER 2 FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY..................................................................... 6

Review of Related Literature...................................................................................................... 6

1. Definition of Context Clues............................................................................................... 6

2. Perception of Students on Context Clues.......................................................................... 7

3. Strategies on How to Use Context Clues........................................................................... 9

Theoretical Framework.............................................................................................................. 10

Definition of Terms......................................................................................................................12

Hypothesis.................................................................................................................................... 13

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY...............................................................................................14

Research Design...........................................................................................................................14

Research Locale........................................................................................................................... 14

Instrument....................................................................................................................................15

Data Gathering Procedure..........................................................................................................15

Data Analysis Procedure.............................................................................................................15

CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION......................................................................... 16

Findings........................................................................................................................................ 16

1. Age of Participants............................................................................................................ 16

2. Definition of Context Clues...............................................................................................16

3. Perception of Students on Context Clues.......................................................................... 17

4. Strategies on How to Use Context Clues...........................................................................17

Discussion..................................................................................................................................... 18

1. Definition of Context Clues...............................................................................................18

2. Perception of Students on Context Clues.......................................................................... 18

3. Strategies on How to Use Context Clues...........................................................................19

CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................................ 20

Major Findings of the Study.......................................................................................................20

1. Definition of Context Clues...............................................................................................20

2. Perception of Students on Context Clues.......................................................................... 20

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

3. Strategies on How to Use Context Clues...........................................................................21

Conclusion.................................................................................................................................... 21

Recommendations........................................................................................................................22

APPENDICES..............................................................................................................................23

Appendix A...................................................................................................................................23

Appendix B...................................................................................................................................24

Appendix C...................................................................................................................................28

Appendix D...................................................................................................................................31

Appendix E...................................................................................................................................35

REFERENCES............................................................................................................................ 36

CURRICULUM VITAE............................................................................................................. 42

LIST OF FIGURES

1. Vicinity Map.............................................................................................................................14

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

ABSTRACT

Reading is one of five macro skills that students must have and need to learn, and

for the two years of the pandemic, students' reading skills did not prosper, which affected

their comprehension skills and limited their vocabulary skills. St. James School of Subic

Inc. students, especially Grade 9 students, are having a conflict when comprehending

texts. With that, the purpose of this study is to find out the effectiveness of Context Clues

and to prove that it is the key to helping students develop and enhance their

comprehension skills and broaden their vocabulary skills. Using the Purposive Random

Sampling Method, participants were selected to be involved in this case study, and the

instrument in collecting data was collected by using an interview questionnaire consisting

of 15 questions and an observation guide. The findings revealed a lack of awareness of

students to Context Clues, and the students only understand the basic concept of it and

acknowledge that this device helps students enhance their comprehension skills and

strengthen vocabulary skills. Thus, students are unable to employ any comprehension

strategies, and students' ability to grasp is only average due to teachers not engaging them

in any practice activities involving comprehension, this study also concludes that Context

Clues highly contribute to the effectiveness of improving a student's comprehension and

to achieve desired vocabulary skills. For that reason, students learning and understanding

the concept of Context Clues is advised for their comprehension skills to be stronger, and

develop and extend their vocabulary skills.

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Comprehension is known as one of the skills that a person, not only a student, should

have. It is a skill that a person must acquire in order for them to be able to understand and

analyze well different things, especially in reading. These skills enable people to

understand, analyze and digest what they have read well. Comprehension means

understanding and interpretation of what has been read by a person. Reading is one of the

macro skills that a student should have acquired in order for them to be able to

communicate well with others. Reading comprehension is essential for successful

functioning in our society. (Kendou & Spanoudis 2015). In every aspect that we can find,

reading has a goal of identifying the meaning or the message of the text. That is where

the part of the Comprehension skills comes in. With comprehension, we can decode

every word, connect every word, and analyze everything that we have read, which will

permit us to be able to understand the text. It is not just about reading the text but also

comprehending what you have studied or read.

Reading comprehension is a very important skill for a student, especially in learning.

For the past two years, during the pandemic, the students were stuck with a disorganized

educational system. It impaired the students' learning skills, especially their reading

comprehension skills, and now in the new normal, a lot of students cannot read properly,

and some cannot comprehend what they have read, which resulted in the student's

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

difficulties in learning. It is one of the biggest problems that schools are facing in the

currency, especially in the Philippines. It is one of the issues in the education sector that

they are focusing on and trying to solve with the help of different programs that the

schools implement.

In this study, it targets the reading comprehension skills of the Grade 9 students from

St. James School of Subic, Inc. This group of students is having difficulties

comprehending academic texts they are reading for their learning, especially in their

literature subjects, Filipino and English. These difficulties have also affected their

understanding of both Filipino and English language, which resulted in their low

language competence. There seem to be various factors that affect the students and hinder

their ability to comprehend. As said, schools had already started implementing different

programs to help students enhance their reading comprehension skills, and one of its

goals is to expand the student's vocabulary. Having a sufficient vocabulary, or knowing

the meaning of essential words, is the number one component of comprehension. Several

students have limited vocabulary in words that make them struggle in understanding the

text that they have read since few words that are not familiar to them are in the text. To

expand the students' vocabulary we can make use of Context Clues. To overcome this,

teachers have tried to look for optimal ways to develop students’ vocabulary abilities, and

the Context Clue strategy is one of the most highly recommended (Fudhla et al., 2019).

These are hints in sentences that help the reader to find the meaning of a word by looking

at the other words in the sentence in a text. This study also focuses on how the use of

Context Clues will help the students expand their vocabulary, which will help them

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

enhance the student's capacity for comprehension. A reading intervention focused on

using Context Clues can have a valuable effect on how students who experience

difficulties with comprehension increase their proficiency in learning from context and

build their vocabularies (Ilter, 2019) Context Clues are significant because their effective

usage leads to academic success. They can strengthen the learner’s vocabulary, and

reading comprehension and make learners a better writer (Al Jumaily, 2021). With this

study, the student's skills and capacities will be tested, and it will help determine the

various factors that affect the students and hinder their ability to comprehend. Context

Clues have a powerful effect on students’ comprehension of words and sentences (Mak et

al., 2021). This illustrates the significant contribution of Context Clues in reading

comprehension as reflected by several studies which reveal a positive effect on improving

reading comprehension of the students through contextual method (Mauliza et al., 2019;

Putri & Fitrawati, 2019; Yurko & Protsenko, 2020), and increasing a student’s

vocabulary that leads to the increase of student’s reading comprehension (Nassaji &

Fotos, 2004; Tavera & Casinillo, 2020).

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is significant to identify factors and difficulties of the grade 9 students

in comprehension, the use of Context Clues and find new approaches that will help them.

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

PROBLEM STATEMENTS

The researcher framed the research questions which are provided below:

1. How may the profile of the participants be described?

2. What factors hinder a student's ability to comprehend using Context Clues?

3. What role do Context Clues play in the Grade 9 students' understanding of a text?

4. What approach will the Grade 9 students do that will be beneficial in order to achieve

desired vocabulary skills?

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The general intent of this study is to discuss the use of Context Clues and

comprehension of Grade 9 students in St. James School of Subic In. For academic year

2023-2024.

The study is delimited only for the Grade 9 students in St. James School of Subic,

Inc. and this study covers every aspect of the student’s personal data that has an effect on

their understanding. Reviewing and evaluating other techniques for enhancing

comprehension lies outside the purview of this study and has been disregarded.

BENEFITS AND BENEFICIARIES

This study will be significant and beneficial to the following groups:

St. James School of Subic, Inc. This study will help the school to be aware of how

students can improve their comprehension. With this information, they will then use this

knowledge to improve their comprehension-related learning materials.

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

Teachers. Teachers may use the data from this study in their lesson planning in the future

and help their students improve their comprehension.

Students. The research is advantageous to the students because students can utilize this

information to improve their comprehension skills.

Parents. Parents and Guardians could encourage and transmit this information to their

children and teach for them to improve their comprehension.

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

CHAPTER 2

FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter discusses literature related to the research. Those that were included

in this chapter helps familiarizing information that are significant and similar to the

present study. Therefore, the literature was reviewed under various major headings which

included: Definition of Context Clues, Perception of Students on Context Clue, and

Strategies on How to Use Context Clues.

Definition of Context Clues

Most students get blocked when they come across a new word and spontaneously

think that a dictionary is the only way out. They found no other way (Jamrewav, 2022).

The Context Clues instruction ensures that reading the dictionary every time we

encounter new words is a waste of time. Context clues are linguistic clues such as terms,

phrases, sentences, and non-linguistic knowledge available around an unfamiliar word

that a reader may use to understand the meaning of words. When students understand the

Context Clues method and its application in reading available texts or journals (Salim,

Suryadi, Erlangga, 2021), they’ll understand how a word fits within a phrase and links it

to the concepts under discussion. Students use contextual clues to infer the meaning of a

word by looking closely at the surrounding text. A linguistic review states that

vocabulary is more critical than structure since the thought is delivered primarily through

words (Suryadi et al., 2020).

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

Contextual clues have lots of advantages for students. It has a powerful effect on

students’ comprehension of words and sentences (Mak et al., 2021). The context clue has

developed the students’ central coherence, which perceives and connects noticeable

information in a context (Engel & Ehri, 2021; Happe, 1997; Moon et al., 2021).

Additionally, Context Clues are hugely significant because their comprehension and

effective usage lead to academic success. Context clues were highly related to overall

reading effectiveness (Putri & Fitrawati, 2019). They can strengthen the learner’s

vocabulary and reading comprehension and make them better writers (Al Jumaily, 2021).

Thus, Contextual Clues are defined as a great tool for enhancing the reading

comprehension of students.

Perception of Students to Context Clues

Students have difficulties understanding and reading texts because of their low

capacity to comprehend words. For instance, when a complicated term is used in a

sentence, they'll be unable to understand its meaning or what the sentence is conveying.

Moreover, some students whose lexicon is limited or have poor vocabulary skills may

have difficulty and spend too much inferring the meaning by using Context Clues

(Fudhla et al., 2019; Innaci & Sam, 2017). Students should be exposed to another

teaching technique or intervention, as vocabulary mastery serves an important role in

successful foreign language learning (Widyaningrum, 2018).

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

Teachers must be aware of problems, especially for students who find it hard to

comprehend unknown words and can solve students' complications in their vocabulary

activities (Jamrewav, 2022). Teachers must be innovative when teaching vocabulary to

keep students involved and interested in learning new words so that their vocabulary

mastery increases (Nurman, 2018). Teachers tried to explore optimal ways to develop the

vocabulary abilities of students, and the Context Clue strategy is one of the most highly

recommended (Fudhla et al., 2019). Teachers tried to understand knowledge acquisition

and looked for the best techniques and strategies for the students to learn effectively,

particularly in reading comprehension (Tavera & Casinillo, 2020). One of the techniques

discovered and implemented is the use of Context Clues. Contextual clues give students

an idea or hint about the possible meaning of an unknown word. Contextual clues play a

very powerful role in reading comprehension, and they are crucial factors in

comprehending a text widely and learning new words specifically (Tuyen & Huyen,

2019). Contextual clues can be the best approach that schools can use to widen their

students' capability to comprehend and to be able to achieve desired vocabulary skills.

Per a study by Wongwiwattana and Watanapokakul (2021), students would like their

teachers to teach the Context Clue strategy in the classroom by starting with a brief

lecture on the types of Context Clues, followed by drills and practices. Additionally, the

students preferred including some authentic and familiar materials such as new activities

like games or presentations, and time constraints and learners' preferred learning

approaches should be considered.

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

Strategies on How to Use Context Clues

There are different strategies that a student can learn about identifying the Context

Clues in texts. One of the strategies that students can apply is reading and analyzing

useful phrases or sentences in the text. If the sentence is confusing, the student could re-

read the text and look for a supporting word or sentence that will help them to

comprehend the text. Identifying Context Clues enables students to understand and

interpret texts correctly. It also helps them make logical guesses of the meaning of

unfamiliar or unknown words. Context Clues are sometimes hard to identify, especially

when a student doesn’t know how to understand Context Clues. In some case, students

may first try to figure out the meaning of the expressions by reading the surrounding

words (local context) carefully (Ishiwatari, Hayashi, Yoshinaga, Neubig, Sato, Toyoda, &

Kitsuregawa, 2019). Students must act similarly to a detective and put together clues

from sentences surrounding an unknown word to make an intelligent “guess” as to what

the definition of the word is (Ilahude, Fatsah, Luwiti, & Otoluwa, 2021). If students are

still struggling to identify and understand Context Clues, English teachers should be more

active and innovative in selecting their teaching techniques (Tarigan & Pangaribuan,

2021). In this way, students may find learning, identifying, and understanding Context

Clues motivating and attractive.

Students can also use their prior knowledge to identify and understand the

Context Clues. Prior knowledge about the text will help the students understand and

comprehend the text they are reading. Readers can integrate the words they have read

into their existing framework of knowledge or schema, resulting in constructing

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

meanings of some unknown words in the text (Stevani, Prayuda, Sari, Marianus, &

Tarigan, 2022). Students' background knowledge will help them to easily guess or predict

the meaning of unknown or unfamiliar words in a text. A wide range of vocabulary will

help students to become familiar with different words they might encounter when reading

an academic text. Another strategy for using Context Clues to improve vocabulary is

contextual inference or contextual guessing. It is defined as an important strategy in the

absence of a dictionary or human assistance. It “entrails guessing the meaning of the

target word based on interpretation of the immediate context with or without reference to

knowledge of the word” (Hasstrup, 1989; Turkish Online Journal of Educational

Technology, 136,2019). In addition to the use of Context Clues, the teacher has to assist

students in constructing meanings of difficult words so that their thinking becomes

increasingly pure and clear (Kuter & Ozer, 2020), this strategy is trying to predict the

meaning of the word by guessing, with the use of surrounding words or phrases.

Therefore, learning how to effectively use Context Clues will help the students attain

desired vocabulary skills.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

To fully understand Context Clues, this study included several papers, theories,

and analyses that pertain to the topic. Various studies have different and own definitions

of what Context Clues are. According to Tuyen & Huyen (2019), Contextual Clues are

hints that are pedagogically or naturally put into texts to support students in

comprehending the meaning of novel words. On the other hand, as per Heckman (2023),

Context Clues are essential tools for reading and writing because it is an element that

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

suggests meaning, which gives the reader the ability to make sense of a word they do not

know the meaning. Based on Ilter, Mauliza, Putri & Fitrawati (2019), Context Clues can

be the number one key to developing and enhancing reading comprehension because it

will help them figure out the meaning of unknown words. It will strengthen their

vocabulary skills. They will manage to understand various definitions and perceptions

thanks to Context Clues. Therefore, it will not only widen their vocabulary but also

strengthen it.

Every idea in these studies only leads to one saying that Context Clues are the

words or phrases that surround a word and help explain the words meaning. This study

demonstrates how Context Clues might help students grasp words and even sentences in

a specific literary text by drawing on a range of ideas from earlier studies. It will

strengthen their ability to know the meaning of unfamiliar words they do not know about,

leading to a wide range of vocabulary and better reading comprehension. Each theory

from different case studies states its definitions of Context Clues and their different

perspective on how Contextual Clues support comprehension, a word or sentence in a

text with unfamiliar or unknown words, and the definition of words. Every theory gives

relevance to the study, especially how these different theories state how Context Clues

help enhance and improve one's comprehension and vocabulary.

Although each theory stated what needs to be said to prove how Context Clues are

indeed a key to the improvement of the language competence of the students, one out of

the three stood out and stated the relevant idea that this study is trying to conclude. It is

the theory based on Ilter, Mauliza, Putri & Fitrawati (2019), wherein it states that Context

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

Clues are the number one key and component that a student will need for them to be able

to enhance and develop their reading comprehension skills, which this study wants to

conclude, that Context Clues does indeed helps a student to improve their reading

comprehension skills with the use of Context Clues. The third theory is more relevant to

the study since it didn't only state how Context Clues work and how it helps students to

improve their reading comprehension but also strengthens their vocabulary skills, which

is what this study wants to prove. The third theory stated the study's purpose, and the

relevance of Context Clues, while the first and second theories only revealed the

definition of Context Clues and their roles in a text, which doesn't contribute much to this

study.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

For the purpose of clarification, the important terms used in this study have been defined.

Contextual/Context Clues: Context Clues in this matter is a strategy to

improve one's comprehension. It is the locating of

hints in a text and managing to understand the

unfamiliar words utilizing the clues.

Comprehend/Comprehension: In this study, comprehension is the ability of a

student to understand or comprehend a word

phrases, sentences, or paragraphs.

Text: A book or other written or printed work.

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

Vocabulary skills: Vocabulary skills is the collection of words or

phrases a student can comprehend in the language

English.

Profile: Refers to the respondent’s sex, age, section.

Students: Refers to the learners who are enrolled in ninth

grade in St. James School of Subic Inc.

Hinder: As used in this study, it is the difficulties that the

students have to face which stop them from

comprehending using Context Clues.

Ability: The means or skill of a Grade 9 student to

comprehend.

Beneficial: Favorable and advantageous approaches for

students to achieve their desired vocabulary skills.

HYPOTHESIS

The researchers prepared the hypothesis which will enable them to meet the

research objective.

The researchers hypothesized that using Context Clues would result in Grade 9

students' enhanced reading comprehension and improved language competence.

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

The researchers administered a case study with the interview questionnaire and/or

observation guide with 15 questions or statements. Using the purposive sampling process, the

researchers selected 3 participants and used the interview answers or observation answers for

gathering data responses.

RESEARCH LOCALE

The study took place in the St. James School of Subic Inc., Asinan Poblacion, Subic,

Zambales.

Figure 1. St. James School of Subic, Inc. Map

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SY 2022 - 2023

INSTRUMENT

The interview questionnaire and/or observation guide consisting of a total of 15

questions or statements which the participants will answer with their opinions, experiences

and perception. Part I of the instrument are the demographic details such as gender, age,

group and occupation of the selected participants. Part II of the questionnaire ask the

participants of their opinions, experiences, and perception about enhancing comprehension

using Context Clues.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The data gathering is carried out with the help of the interview questionnaire and/or

observation guide which are conducted by the researchers. The interview questionnaire

and/or observation guide developed by the researchers is helping them in gathering the

appropriate information on the enhancing of comprehension using Context Clues.

DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

The data analysis process is seen to be executed by the help of analyzing the

qualitative data. The interview questionnaire and/or observation guide framed are helping the

researchers in representing the data appropriately. The Thematic Analysis is used for

analyzing the data gathered by the researchers from the interview and/or observation process

and enabled the researchers to gather the appropriate information.

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

CHAPTER 4

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

Introduction

This chapter contains detailed presentation and discussion of data analysis and the

results of this study. The findings are presented under the following major headings:

demographic characteristics; definition of Context Clues; perception of students; and

strategies on how to use Context Clues.

Findings

Age of Participants

All three participants were of age 14. The participants are students of St. James

School of Subic, Inc.

Definition of Context Clues

In the study, it is revealed that all three participants define Context Clues as the

keywords and hints you will come across in a text. They are the various details in a text

that will assist you in understanding uncommon and unfamiliar words. One of the

participants also claimed it as the important words in a context wherein it's focused on the

topic of the text. They also define it as something significant in a text that if you skip it,

will hinder your ability to comprehend the text. They claim it as a great strategy to use

that would undoubtedly improve students' comprehension skills.

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SY 2022 - 2023

Perception of Students on Context Clues

Each participant was asked five questions regarding their encounters with Context

Clues, with their learning and way of comprehending texts on different literary pieces

they read. Correspondingly to what they have answered to every question, they have

encountered Context Clues already from others but mostly in school, in subjects like

English, Filipino, and Science. Participants have also come across it in textbooks at

school. They have ideas about how Context Clues are keywords and hints, how it works

with comprehension, and how they can help improve and enhance one's comprehension

and vocabulary skills. Although three participants make use of Context Clues, they are

unaware that this device that they use is Context Clues.

Strategies on How to Use Context Clues

The observations and interviews revealed that participants had trouble identifying

Context Clues when studying language subjects, mainly in English. Their inability to

understand Context Clues resulted in poor comprehension and language skills. They

typically encounter such difficulties and hindrances when reading and interpreting a text.

Furthermore, deep and unusual phrases hinder the participants' comprehension of the

context, and when they encounter such words, they struggle to understand the texts

they're reading. For that reason, participants rely on Context Clues to easily interpret and

understand the meaning of unfamiliar terms when writing tasks and reading texts.

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SY 2022 - 2023

Discussion

Definition of Context Clues

According to all three participants, Context Clues are the keywords you will come

across in a text that will help in improved comprehension of the text. All participants

claim them as the various details you can find in a text that will assist you in

understanding the uncommon and unfamiliar words. They define it as something helpful

in the everyday life because it helps them picture the unknown words in the statement.

Also, according to one participant, Context Clues are important words in the context of

the text's subject matter. This illustrates the significance of Context Clues in reading

comprehension as reflected by several studies which reveals a positive effect towards

improving reading comprehension of the students, through contextual method (Mauliza et

al., 2019; Putri & Fitrawati, 2019; Yurko & Protsenko, 2020).

Perception of students on Context Clues

Regarding the result of the data analysis, the result found that the students' ability

in using Context Clues, in general, is average, they make use of Context Clues without

knowing the proper guidelines and ways how to use them since they still lack the

knowledge on how to properly use it for the reason that the participants have not been

taught about Context Clues and its strategies at school. According to the participants,

they have encountered it but have not learned it yet, even so, they do understand the idea

of Context Clues. Understanding that Context Clues can significantly increase reading

comprehension (Bailey, 2019) made the participants knowledgeable about devices such

as Context Clues that will help them have enhanced comprehension and vocabulary skills.

They make readers catch the meaning of words and easily comprehend the reading text

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

(Ramadhani & Harputra, 2018). As per one of the participants responses, learning to use

Context Clues helps them, students, comprehend and have better reading skills that can

bring personal success in life's endeavors, education, and finding a stable job.

Strategies on How to Use Context Clues

The findings revealed that deep and unusual phrases hinder the participants’

comprehension of the context. Due to that, students make use of Context Clues to grasp

texts better. The use of Context Clues is effective in improving the student’s reading

comprehension skills (Oclarit & Casinillo, 2021). Context clues have a powerful effect on

students’ comprehension of words and sentences (Mak et al., 2021). However, since the

students are still experiencing difficulties recognizing and comprehending Context Clues,

they do not use them correctly.

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Major Findings of the Study

Definition of Context Clues

The findings revealed that all participants know the basic concept of Context

Clues. Participants claim it as a helpful and excellent strategy that would improve

students' comprehension skills. The participants' input on Context Clues, which

demonstrate a positive impact on enhancing students' reading comprehension through

contextual technique, is an example of the importance of Context Clues in reading

comprehension.

Perception of Students on Context Clues

General findings of the study report that students unknowingly use Context Clues

with their lacking knowledge of the context of Context Clues since they haven't been able

to learn it yet gives them the ability to use these devices to help them comprehend more.

Although, based on the participants' experience, they use Context Clues without

accurately knowing the strategies to use them appropriately, which makes their capability

to use Context Clues average. Despite that, in the company of their perceptions, it has

revealed that they acknowledge that Context Clues are keywords, essential keys, and

hints in a piece that will help them comprehend better and make the whole picture of the

text they are reading, and also recognizing how Context Clues can help a person to

deepen their comprehension and broaden their vocabulary skills.

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

Strategies on How to Use Context Clues

Despite being unable to properly use and recognize Context Clues while reading

and understanding language subjects, the findings found that participants can describe

and share their thoughts on Context Clues. Students struggle to understand texts that

contain words that are not typical in their vocabulary. Some participants continue to have

weak comprehension and vocabulary skills because they are still unable to apply and

interpret Context Clues, particularly when it comes to their comprehension.

Conclusion

From the above summary, the following can be concluded from this study:

 The final analysis reveals that the student's capacity to comprehend is only average,

as students are unaware of any strategy to use when understanding texts. Since the

intervention made by teachers to elevate the reading comprehension level of students

is not working well or not enough, the student's way of learning is moderate, and

students struggle in their literature subjects, particularly in English. However, they

know Context Clues and use it, but they are unaware that this is a strategy to use

when comprehending texts and its proper use. They lack knowledge about this

strategy as it's not taught in school. But even with little understanding of Context

Clues, they recognize the strategy's significant effect on their reading comprehension.

 Thus, Context Clues highly contributes to the effectiveness of reading

comprehension as perceived by students since the findings reveal that this strategy

indeed helps students enhance their apprehension, achieve their desired vocabulary

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

skills, and strengthen their cognition, and also proves that there is a significant

correlation between Context Clues and comprehension.

Recommendations

The following are recommendations for future planning and implementation:

 In order to make the student’s comprehension skills stronger, it is suggested that they

learn and understand the Context Clues strategy. Teachers must introduce the idea of

Context Clues to students and the appropriate use of this device. Teachers must

include Context Clues in facilitating reading sessions as integrated with the school

reading program and explain how to use them so students can acquire sufficient

vocabulary skills. Students should be open to learning methods and strategies to learn

texts with extensive words like Context Clues to train and extend their vocabulary

skills.

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

APPENDIX A

APPROVAL LETTER

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

APPENDIX B

INSTRUMENT

Better Comprehension With Context Clues: A Case Study of Enhancing

Comprehension Among Grade 9 Students

Instructions:

Read the questions carefully to the participants and note the answers on the space

provided.

Part I. Demographic Profile

Name (Optional): ____________________________

Age: ____________________________

Occupation: _____________________________

Part II: Interview Questions/Observation Guide

Definition of Context Clues

Questions Answers

1. What comes in mind when you hear

Context Clues?

2. How do you determine Context Clues

in a text?

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

3. What type of literature do you usually

read, can you easily identify Context

Clues in these texts?

4. How well do you understand texts,

without identifying Context Clues?

5. What do you think is the importance

of being able to identify Context Clues?

Perception of Students

Questions Answers

1. If you’ve encountered Context Clues

already, where did you learn it from?

From school or others?

2. If you’ve encountered it from school,

what subject/s have you encountered it?

3. What do you think of when you hear

the words Context Clues and

comprehension? How do you think are

they connected?

4. In your opinion, can Context Clues

help you improve your comprehension

with texts and enhance your vocabulary

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

skills?

5. In what way/s does Context Clues

helps you improve your comprehension

with texts and enhance your vocabulary

skills?

Strategies on How to Use Context Clues

Questions Answers

1. What areas are you having a hard

time to comprehend?

2. When having a hard time on

comprehending, do you make use of

Context Clues? If yes, how do you use

Context Clues?

3. What factors does affect your way of

comprehending texts?

4. In what kind of situation in

comprehending do you make use of

Context Clues?

5. Do you have any suggestions to other

students, how they can use Context Clues

for better comprehension?

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

Researchers:

Ceanne Mary Louise Q. Salamate

Joseline G. Sison

Myndee Amylee D. Abat

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

APPENDIX C

PARENT CONSENT

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

APPENDIX D

SAMPLE INSTRUMENT WITH ANSWERS

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

APPENDIX E

DOCUMENTATION

Picture 1. The researcher interviewing one of the participant using the interview

questionnaire

Picture 2. The researcher interviewing one of the participant using the interview

questionnaire

(Note: The third participant refused to consent to be photographed for documentation.)

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

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SY 2022 - 2023

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SY 2022 - 2023

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SY 2022 - 2023

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

CURRICULUM VITAE

JOSELINE G. SISON

Address: #0387 Sison St. Ilwas, Subic, Zambales

Contact Number: 09609053196

Email Address: joselinesison0@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthday: December 17, 2006

Birthplace: Subic, Zambales

Age: 16 years old

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Civil Status: Single

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School: St. James School of Subic Inc.

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

(STEM)

2022 - Present

Junior High School: St. James School of Subic Inc.

2018 - 2022

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

Elementary: JFK Sped Center School of Subic

2012 - 2018

SPECIAL HONOR AND AWARDS

Senior High School: Volleyball District Meet Participant (2023)

Academic Excellence Awardee (2022 - Present)

Junior High School: Academic Excellence Awardee (2018 - 2022)

Volleyball Cluster Meet Champion (2020)

Volleyball District Meet Participant (2020)

Elementary: Volleyball Girls District Meet Participant (2016)

Division Schools Press Conference Broadcasting 1st Runner

Up (2017)

Division Schools Press Conference Broadcasting Best

News Presenter (2017)

Ms. Escoda 2nd Runner Up (2017)

Academic Excellence Awardee (2016 - 2018)

Battle of the Bands 1st Runner Up (2018)

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 ST. JAMES SCHOOL OF SUBIC, INC.
Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

RESEARCH TITLE

Title: BETTER COMPREHENSION WITH CONTEXT CLUES: A

CASE STUDY OF ENHANCING COMPREHENSION AMONG

GRADE 9 STUDENTS

Inclusive Year: 2023

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 ST. JAMES SCHOOL OF SUBIC, INC.
Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

CURRICULUM VITAE

CEANNE MARY LOUISE Q. SALAMATE

Address: #0346 Mercurio Street Purok 3B, Calapacuan,

Subic, Zambales

Contact Number: 09605614364

Email Address: salamateceannemarylouise@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthday: July 27, 2006

Birthplace: Olongapo, City

Age: 16 years old

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Civil Status: Single

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School: St. James School of Subic, Inc.

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

(STEM)

2022 - Present

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 ST. JAMES SCHOOL OF SUBIC, INC.
Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

Junior High School: St. James School of Subic, Inc.

Valedictorian

2018 - 2022

Elementary: St. James School of Subic, Inc.

Valedictorian

2010 - 2018

SPECIAL HONOR AND AWARDS

Senior High School: Academic Excellence Awardee (With High Honors) 2022 -

Present

Perfect Attendance Awardee

Story Telling Academic Week Participant

Junior High School: Valedictorian (With Highest Honors) 2021 -2022

Poem Writing Mental Health Week 2021 - 2022

Academic Excellence Awardee (With High Honors) 2018 -

2021

Serviceable Award (2019 - 2020)

Best in Christian Living (2018 - 2020)

Intramural Dart Game 1st Runner Up (2019 - 2020)

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 ST. JAMES SCHOOL OF SUBIC, INC.
Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

ALOHA Mental Arithmetic - 1st Regional Competition

Participant

Perfect Attendance Awardee

MTAP Participant

ENGLISH DAYS Declamation Gr. 7 Representative

Participant

TLE DAYS Best Seller Award

Intramural Dart Game Champion (2018 - 2019)

Elementary: Valedictorian (With Honors) 2017 - 2018

Catechetical Week Quiz Bee 4th Placer

Serviceable Award (2017 - 2018)

Best in Christian Living (2017 - 2018)

Intramural Dart Game Champion 2017 - 2018

Loyalty Award

Perfect Attendace Awardee (2016 - 2017)

Academic Excellence Awardee (With Honors) 2015 - 2017

Intramural Dart Game 1st Runner Up 2016 - 2017

Science Fair Poster Making Contest Participant

Mr. And Ms. United Nations 2015 - 2016 (Title Holder)

Mr. And Ms. United Nations Best Costume Award 2015 -

2016

Intramural Dart Game 2nd Runner Up 2015 - 2016

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

Lakan at Lakambini 2013 - 2014 1st Runner Up

United Nations 2012 - 2013 Best Dressed for Grade 1

Students

Top 10 Honor Awardee (2011 - 2014)

Friendly Award (2010 - 2011)

RESEARCH TITLE

Title: BETTER COMPREHENSION WITH CONTEXT CLUES: A

CASE STUDY OF ENHANCING COMPREHENSION AMONG

GRADE 9 STUDENTS

Inclusive Year: 2023

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 ST. JAMES SCHOOL OF SUBIC, INC.
Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

CURRICULUM VITAE

MYNDEE AMYLEE D. ABAT

Address: #0400 Kalye Putol, Mangghan Subic, Zambales

Contact Number: 09480331732

Email Address: myndeeamylee2006@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Birthday: March 15, 2006

Birthplace: Olongapo City

Age: 17 years old

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Civil Status: Single

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School: St. James School of Subic, Inc.

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

(STEM)

2022 - Present

Junior High School: St. James School of Suic, Inc.

2018 - 2022

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Asinan Poblacion, Subic, Zambales
SY 2022 - 2023

Elementary: Calapacuan Elementary school

2012 - 2013, 2016 - 2018

Baguio Central School

2013 - 2016

SPECIAL HONOR AND AWARDS

Senior High School: Academic Excellence Awardee (2022 - Present)

Junior High School: Academic Excellence Awardee (2018 - 2020)

Elementary: Academic Excellence Awardee (2013 - 2014)

Track and Field 100 Meters Run 2nd place (2017)

Volleyball Girls District Meet 3rd place (2017)

RESEARCH TITLE

Title: BETTER COMPREHENSION WITH CONTEXT CLUES: A

CASE STUDY OF ENHANCING COMPREHENSION AMONG

GRADE 9 STUDENTS

Inclusive Year: 2023

50