-~..-,in'S Finch~s.

are an excellent exanipte of

5, v-- bfOOd paras1usm b • ,
(o) adaptive radiation ( ) connecting links
(c) f .i!~ t . . (d) seasonal .
species 1n a give
1 tion O wueren
migration
,. £fOgraupbical areas is known as n area 5larting from ·.
dO d' . a point and
~-. adaptive ra iauon (b i . spreading to other
(a) . . n ) natural sele t' . .
(c) rn1grauo (d) diver c ion
....._ theory of spontaneous generation stat d th gent evolution.
5 , ..e 1· . fi e at
· life arose from 1vmg orms only.
(a) • fi b h t· · [NCERT Exetn"lar]
(b) life can a~se rom ot _1~mg and non-living. r
(c) life can anse from non-hvmg things only.
(d) life arises spontaneously, neither from Ii •
. vmg nor from no r .
falaentological evidences for evolution refer t th n- ivmg.
6. f b o e, ..
(a) development o em ryo (b) h · ,. [NCERT ,..,..~la
omologous organs __,,,,p r]
(c) foss ils , (d) I •,
~ 1· b ana ogous organs .
. . · . .· _
7_ The bones of 1.ore 1m s of whale, bat, cheetah .
and
man are similar ID structure, because
(a) one organism has given rise to anothe~ (b) th h [NCERT Exemplar]
. ey s are a common ancestor .
(c) they perform the same function , . ( \ J, (d) they h b' h . . . ..
ave 10c em1cal s1mdant1es
8. Which of the following organs are homologous? .
(a) Forelimbs of man and wings of bat (b) Wings of Bat and bird
(c) Wmgs of Bat and Petrodactyl (d) None of these
9. Homologous organs show
{a) natural selection (b) divergent evolution
(c) parallel evolution (d) convergent evolution
10. Analogous organs arise due to
(a) divergent evolution (b) artificial ~~le.ction ·
(c) genetic drift ' (d) conv~;gent evolution ·,
ll. Evolution of life shows that life forms h~d a trend of moving from [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) land to water ' (b) drylarid to wet land
(c) fresh water to sea water (d) water to land
l2. Viviparity is considered to be more evolved because
[NCERT Exemplar]
{a)_the young ones are left on their own. , '
· {b) the young ones are protected by a thick shell. · ' · · · b
(c) the young ones are protected inside the mo th er s , b 0 dy and are looked after they are om

leading to more chances of survival. , · ·

(d) the embryo takes a long time to develop. · [NCERT &emplar]
13, Fo ils
ss are generally found in k
{a) sedim ks (b) igneous roe s
entary roe k
l (c) metamorphic rocks . (d) any ty~e of roe I •

4. Ace(
0 rding
to Hugo de Vries, speciation is due t_o ecific breeding
a) accumulation of small variations (b) mtra~p
15 (c) inter specific breeding . (d) saltat10nd N alleles are o. 7 and O.S, respectively~
. ~the MN-blood group system, the frequenci;s;!!a:'rganisms is likely to[~CERT Exemplar]
· e e~~ted frequ~ncy of ~N-blood group , e. · . . . ,_
(a) 42% (b) 49% .i',

(c) 9% (d) 58%

Evolution 299
 (a) Stabilising (b) Directional
(c) Disruptive (d) Artificial , ..
17. The most acce pted line of desc ent in hum an evolu tion is • ,: , . .
(a) AustralopiJhecus ➔ Ramapithecus ➔ Homo sapiens
➔ Homo habilis
(b) Homo erectus ➔ Homo habilis ➔ Ho.mo sapiens
(c) Ramapithecus ➔ Homo habilis ➔ Homo erectus ➔ Homo sapie
~ .. ,
(d) Australopithecus ➔ Ramapithecus ➔ Homo erectus
18. Which of the follo wing is an exam ple for link spec
.➔ Homo habilis·~ R .
ies? i omo rh
(a) Lobe fish (b) Dod o bird (c) Sea weed (d) C.:1.4,1
19• Matc h the scien tists liste d unde r colu mn 'I' with idea s listed column ,n•,q 1t)an.J: .aq
.
Column I Colu mn II ·· '
A. Darwin (i) Abio gene sis
'I
B. Oparin (ii ) Use and disuse of organ's';•
C. Lamarck (iii) Continental drift theory
• J
D. Wagner (iv) Evolution by natural selection
:' . ' .. (N~
(a) A-(i); B-(iv ); C-(ii) ; D-(iii) (b) A-(iv); B-(i); C-(ii); D-(iii) .· ·
(c) A-(ii) ; B-(iv); C-(iii); D-(i) (d) A-(iv ); B-(iii); C-(ii); D-(i) ·: .
20. Stabilising selec tion favours
(a) only one extre me form of a trait (b) both the extre me fo~ trait of~
(c) inter med iate form of a trait (d) none of these ,. ' r•·
21. Disruptive selec tion favours_., . , .....
(a) only one extre me form of a trait
(c) inter med iate form of a trait
(b) both the extren{e forms of trait
, I
a •

(d) none ?f these , • . .._ ilr- •

22. The phen ome non of "Industrial mela nism " dem
onst rates
(a) natu ral selection (b) indu ced muta tion .. ~
(c) genetic drift (d) geog raph ical isolation ., •· ·
23. In 1953, S. L. Mill er crea ted prim itive earth cond ition
s in the laboratory andgavt
evid ence for origi n of first form of life from pre- exist
ing non-living organic-.llliltimll"'I
primitive earth cond ition s created inclu de · . 1 •, • • ,. • (NCJIJ
(a) low temp eratu re, volcanic storm s, atmo sphe
re rich in oxygen. , · ·
(b) low temp eratu re, volcanic storm s, redu cing
atmo sphe re. .
(c) high temp eratu re, volcanic storm s, non- redu
cing atmo sphe re. · . :·· .~ , tJ&L.:i
(d) high temp eratu re, volcanic sto~ms, redu cing
atmo sphe re containing~~., ~;J'
24. Whi c: is corre~t formula of Hardy~Wein~erg's law?
, , , , ..
(a) p2 + pq + q2 = ~ . . (b) p2 + pq + l-=- .I
(c) P + pq + q = mfimty (d) p2 + 2Pq + q2 = I
Answers
. 1_. (c), (d) 2 (d) 3. (c) , ,r •
4.(a) 5. (c)
11. (d) 12. (c) 6. (c) 7.(b)
13. (a) 14. (d)
21. (b) 22. (a) 15. (a) · 16. (b) 17. (c)
23. (d) 24. (d)

300 Xam idea Biology-XII

 l 6. Which typ f .
e o selection expl . .
ams industrial melan.
(a) Stabilisin . ism observed in moth B'
g , . ' iston bit
(c) Disruptive (b) Directional .. · [lVC~Jf:';;:,?
17. The most accepted l1'ne f d (d) Artificial , • ., ;· . : . )'4•1
, 0 escent · h '
,a) Australopithecus ➔ R . •n_ uman evolution is · · .
h amapithecus ➔ Hom .
( ) Homo erectus ➔ Homo hab F , o sapiens ➔ Homo habilis
. tis
(c) R amapr-thecus ➔ Hom hab ·1 · ➔ Homo sapiens
. .
0
tis ➔ Homo ere t · · ·
(d) Australopithecus ➔ Rama,1, .th c us ➔ H~mo sapiens , , ': ,
rt ecus ➔ Homo erectus H 1

18. Which of the following is an I . ➔ omo habilis ➔ Homo safriens .

(a) Lobe fish examp e for hnk species? , ·
1
(b) Dodo bird , (c) S d [lVCERT&-. ..
19. Match the scientists listed under column 'I' 'th~a wee . . ,, , (d) Chimpanzee . -·"JIIQ,1
Column I WI ideas listed column 'II'; : ,· .
. ' · Column II ' ., , , , ,, , 1 , •
A• DarwJ.n
(i) Abiogenesis
B. Oparin
(ii) Use and disuse ~f ~rgan:s 11
C. Lamarck
(iii) Continental drift the~ry , •
D. Wagner 1
1
(iv) Evolution by natural selection
r• • , ''. [NCERT&emp,a,I
(a) A-(i); B-(iv); C-(ii); D-(iii) 1
(b) A-(iv); B-(i); C-(ii); D-(iii) ,; : ,
I'
(c) A-(ii); B-(iv); C-(iii); D-(i) (d) A-(iv); B-(iii); C-(ii); D-(i) ·, , ,
20. Stabilising selection favours
' '
' •
(a) only one extreme form of a· trait (b) both the extreme fonns ~f ~ trait ·
(c) intermediate form of a trait (d) none of these ·i ••
1
• • ,. · · i
~
21. Disruptive selection favours ' ' " '. • 1
• · • ·
.- f

(a) only one extreme form ~fa trait (b) both the extre~~-,forms o/~ frai~···
(c) intermediate form of a trait _, (d) none ?fthese ... ,o . n~, ._ 1
,

22. The phenomenon of "Industrial melanism" demonstrates , · , .. .1

(a) natural selection (b) induced mutation , . , . .,.
(c) genetic drift · , (d) geographical isolation .; , · .
23. In 1953, S. L. Miller created primitive earth conditions in the laboratory and gave experimental
evidence for origin of first form of life from pre-existing non-living organic molecules.~
primitive earth conditions created include · ,, · · · [NCER_T F,semplat
,I I

(a) low temperature, volcanic storms, atmosphere rich in oxygen. , "

1
(h) low temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere. ' · • ' •I
L""' l: ' ~ l ''

(c) high temperature, volcanic storms, non-reducing atmosphere. _ ..

(d) high temperature, vol~anic sto;ms, reducing atmosphere con~aining_,CH4, NH~, ~t~-

%4. Which is correct formula of Hardy-Weinberg's law? .,-:~ •.

(a) p2 + pq + q2 = 0 (h) p2 + pq + q2 = 1 ..
(c) p2 + pq + q2 = infi~ity (d) p2 + 2Pq + q2 = 1 ·· ·' · ·
I 'I

nswers ;] 1 10,(~
7. (b) 8.(a) 9. (b)
1. {c), {d) 2._{d) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (c) 20.(c)
17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (b)
11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (d) 15. (a) · 16. (b)
21. {b) 22. (a) 23. (d) 24. (d) J
' "

po xam Idea Biology-XII

 Multiple Choice Questions
I

oose and write the correct option in the following questions. ' '

1. Select the option that gives the correct description of the process of ~atural Selection ,
respect to the length of the neck of giraffe. [CB~E, 202J (57/In

Cl)

.
iC>
0
'-

'zCD
.a
E
~

Neck length in giraffe _ ___,,. I I

(a) Sta~ilising selection as giraffes with longer neck length s are selected further. . • ·
(b) Disruptive selection as giraffes with ~~aller ~nd longer neck ,lengths are selected.
(c) Directional selection as giraffes with longer neck length s are selected.
(d) Stabilising selection as giraffes with mediu m neck length s are selected.
2. Thom ~f ~ougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita are examples of
(a) vesugial organs . (b) retrogressive evolution
(c) analogous organs (d) homologous organs.