Naga College Foundation Inc.

T Villanueva Avenue, Naga City

S/Y 2022-2023

CASE STUDY
on
Acute Gastritis

Group 15
Monique D. Francisco
Kaye Hasminne P. Froa
Bianca lee F. Gilbas
Arjel R. Laureta
Jona H. Llamas
Mark Jefferson C. Luna
Jessakin A. Naron
Sharmaine Mirandilla
Aimee B. Orlina
Justine Ray SJ. Osabel
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First, we would like to thank those who helped and supported the completion
of the case study. Second, we would like to express our sincere gratitude
towards Ms. Eden C. Ocampo for providing invaluable guidance, comments,
and suggestions that helped in the completion of our study. It was an honor to
work under her guidance. Third, we would like to thank our parents for their
mental and emotional support. Last but not the least, a big thanks to Almighty
God for giving us strength and knowledge. This would not be possible without
Almighty God

Abstract

It's time to recognize the health problems that gastritis can bring about
and to treat it seriously. Although prevention is usually preferable, there are
occasions when natural intervention without the risk of addiction is more
crucial. Information from a case study about how gastritis in children is
steadily rising day by day due to changing lifestyle and dietary intake was
synthesized in order to improve our knowledge of chronic gastritis, its etiology,
and best-evidence treatment. Functional gastritis instances can occasionally
be incorrectly identified as inflammation of the protective lining due to an
infection with the same bacterium that causes stomach pain.
The best evidence-based treatment for chronic gastritis should be used
and should be managed in accordance with its etiology. When you are
diagnosed with chronic gastritis, you can reduce your symptoms by making
some lifestyle changes, such as practicing relaxation techniques, giving up
smoking, abstaining from alcohol. We should start by helping the living. The
parents are a fantastic place to start. Although we can't give them life in return,
we can at least give them quality and joy by paying them a little homage here
and there. If you accidentally ate the greetings meant for your loved ones,
throw them up right away to prevent experiencing regret chronic gastritis.
 Introduction

A condition called "gastritis" refers to a variety of ailments that all share

the same characteristic of stomach lining inflammation. The same bacterium
that most frequently results in stomach ulcers can infect a person, and this
can also happen if they regularly take certain painkillers, which can also
cause gastritis. Alcoholism can aggravate gastritis when it is consumed in
excess. Acute gastritis is a quick onset of the condition, while chronic gastritis
develops gradually over time. Possible symptoms and indicators of gastritis
include a gnawing or burning sensation in your upper belly (indigestion),
which may get better or worse with food, as well as nausea and vomiting.
We decided on this subject because it is current and frequently affects young
people, and because we believe that many intestinal diseases can be avoided
or reduced by leading a healthy lifestyle, following excellent bowel habits, and
getting examined for cancer. We chose to provide this case study because we
contend that prevention is more beneficial to treatment.
The purpose of this study is to raise public awareness of the fact that
some illnesses can be treated at home and that gastritis can be prevented.
We determined that the child's unhealthy habits and lifestyle are the main
causes of his moderate dehydration and nausea. These habits and lifestyles
should be corrected as soon as possible to allow the youngster to lead a
normal existence.
Cytoprotective drugs are intended to assist in safeguarding the tissues
that border the stomach and small intestine, thus the youngster should take
them. Gastritis that is mild to moderate is frequently treated with antacids. Eat
a low-inflammatory diet, take garlic extract, and consider taking probiotics to
help with digestion. There are a number of potential advantages to drinking
green tea with manuka honey to treat gastritis. The last is leading a healthy
lifestyle, especially when it comes to being conscious of your lifestyle choices.
When someone has been missing for too long, dejection can become so
intense that it can really be heard inside. The discomfort can be heard
scraping at the inside within your abdomen. There's a reason to assume
anyone can experience something similar.
 Significance of the study

Nursing Education: This study will assist student nurses in determining the
patient needs, as well as developing a plan to improve it as they become
prepared for future nurses.

Nursing Practice: The results of the study will assist student leaders in
developing and implementing events and/or services focused on the various
acute gastritis.

Nursing research: The results will be used by future researchers to develop

interventions that target particular aspects of acute gastritis: well-being to
improve it. Furthermore the results of this study will serve as a benchmark for
determining whether the patient acute gastritis has being improved.

Objectives of the Study

General
This study aims to identify the overall health problem and provide
effective nursing care to a client with acute gastritis. This also promotes health
and a medical understanding of the condition.

Specific
After 15 minutes of case presentation the Group 15 of BSN 2D will be
able to:
● To present a comprehensive assessment through nursing health
history and present illness.
● To demonstrate a thorough physical assessment and review of the
system for the comparison of the patient's condition with normal
anatomy and physiology.
● To formulate a nursing care plan to promote the patient's recovery.
 PATIENT’S PROFILE

Nursing Health History: Patient was previously hospitalized in BMC 2 weeks

ago and treated as a case of acid related acute gastritis disorder with
moderate dehydration and was given take home medication of Zinc Sulfate
Syrup 5 ml OD hence discharged. In the interim, the patient is well until 2
days PTA, patient was noted with difficulty of bowel with no other associated
symptoms. No medicine given. No consultation done.

Physical Assessment:
GENERAL SURVEY: Awake and alert
VITAL SIGNS: BP:130/70 CR: 91 RR 20 Temp: 36.6
HEENT: Dry lips, sunken eye balls
CHEST/LUNGS: Clear breath sound, no retractions, no crackles, symmetric
expansion
CSV: Adynamic precordium, normal rate, regular rhythm, no murmurs
ABDOMEN: Globular, soft, non-tender abdomen, no palpable mass or visible
deformities
GU (IE): No gross deformities, no mass, no discharge, no erythema
SKIN/EXTREMITIES: No discolorations, no lesions, no swelling, no edema,
full equal pulses crt <2 seconds
NEURO EXAM: No neurological deficit

Developmental Data
The assessment of the patient's identity shows conformity with the
theory that the patient is male. According to Muttaqin & Sari (2013) Gastritis
can occur in men, women, and children of all ages, but men are at risk of
developing gastritis than women. Interviews with the patient's mother found
that the complaints that children often experience are pain in the upper left
abdomen and feeling nauseous. This is in accordance with the theory that the
most common complaint in gastritis patients is pain, especially in the gut,
people who usually suffer from this disease usually have symptoms of nausea,
vomiting, feeling full, and discomfort (Misnadiarly, 2009).
 The patient's resting pattern has difficulty sleeping at night, the patient
often. wakes up and cannot even sleep due to pain, and rarely takes a nap.
According to Muttaqin & Sari (2013) daily activity patterns and sleep rest
patterns in gastritis patients experiencing sleep disturbances. There is no gap
between the case review and the theoretical review because inflammation of
the gastric mucosa can cause so much pain that sleep rest is disturbed.
Examination of the client's nose found normal breathing and no nostril
breathing. Muttaqin & Sari (2013) said that on examination of the nose of a
client with gastritis, there will be rapid breathing and exhalation of the nostrils
due to the patient's compensation mechanism in holding pain. There is a gap
between the case review and the theoretical review because when the client
is in the hospital the nasal cannula type oxygen is attached so that breathing
is normal and there is no nasal lobe breathing.

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

The GI system’s major functions include ingestion and digestion of food and
elimination of waste products. When these processes are interrupted, the
patient can experience problems ranging from loss of appetite to acid-base
imbalances.

The GI system consists of two major divisions: the GI tract and the
accessory organs.
GI TRACT

The GI tract is a hollow tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus.
About (7.5 m) long, it consists of smooth muscle alternating with blood
vessels and nerve tissue. Specialized circular and longitudinal fibers contract,
causing peristalsis, which helps propel food through the GI tract. The GI tract
includes the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

Mouth

Digestive processes begin in the mouth with chewing, salivating, and

swallowing. The tongue provides the sense of taste. Saliva is produced by
three pairs of glands: the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual.

Pharynx

The pharynx, or throat, allows the passage of food from the mouth to the
esophagus. The pharynx assists in the swallowing process and secretes
mucus that aids in digestion. The epiglottis — a thin, leaf-shaped structure
made of fibrocartilage — lies directly behind the root of the tongue. When food
is swallowed, the epiglottis closes over the larynx, and the soft palate lifts to
block the nasal cavity. These actions keep food and fluid from being aspirated
into the airway.
Esophagus

The esophagus is a muscular, hollow tube about (25.5 cm) long that moves
food from the pharynx to the stomach. When food is swallowed, the upper
esophageal sphincter relaxes, and the food moves into the esophagus.
Peristalsis then propels the food toward the stomach. The gastroesophageal
sphincter at the lower end of the esophagus normally remains closed to
prevent reflux of gastric contents. The sphincter opens during swallowing,
belching, and vomiting.

Stomach

The stomach, a reservoir for food, is a dilated, saclike structure that lies
obliquely in the left upper quadrant below the esophagus and diaphragm, to
the right of the spleen, and partly under the liver. The stomach contains two
important sphincters:

The cardiac sphincter, which protects the entrance to the stomach, and the
pyloric sphincter, which guards the exit.

The stomach has three major functions. It:

• stores food
• mixes food with gastric juices (hydrochloric acid, pepsin, gastrin, and
intrinsic factor)
• passes chyme — a watery mixture of partly digested food and digestive
juices — into the small intestine for further digestion and absorption.

An average meal can remain in the stomach for 3 to 4 hours. Accordion-like

folds in the stomach lining called rugae allow the stomach to expand when
large amounts of food and fluid are ingested.

Small intestine

The small intestine is about (6 m) long and is named for its diameter, not its
length. It has three sections: the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. As
food passes into the small intestine, the end products of digestion are
absorbed through its thin mucous membrane lining into the bloodstream.
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are broken down in the small intestine.
Enzymes from the pancreas, bile from the liver, and hormones from glands of
the small intestine all aid digestion. These secretions mix with the food as it
moves through the intestines by peristalsis.

Large intestine

The large intestine, or colon, is about (1.5 m) long and is responsible for:

• absorbing excess water and electrolytes

• storing food residue
• eliminating waste products in the form of feces.

The large intestine includes the cecum; the ascending, transverse,

descending, and sigmoid colons; the rectum; and the anus — in that order.
The appendix, a fingerlike projection, is attached to the cecum. Bacteria in the
colon produce gas or flatus.
ACCESSORY ORGANS

Accessory GI organs include the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and bile ducts.
The abdominal aorta and the gastric and splenic veins also aid the GI system.

Liver

The liver is located in the right upper quadrant under the diaphragm. It has
two major lobes, divided by the falciform ligament. The liver is the heaviest
organ in the body, weighing about 3 lbs. (1.5 kg) in an adult.

The liver’s functions include:

• metabolizing carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

• detoxifying blood
• converting ammonia to urea for excretion
• synthesizing plasma proteins, nonessential amino acids, vitamin A, and
essential nutrients, such as iron and vitamins D, K, and B12.

The liver also secretes bile, a greenish fluid that helps digest fats and absorb
fatty acids, cholesterol, and other lipids. Bile also gives stool its color.

Gallbladder

The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ about (10 cm) long that lies
halfway under the right lobe of the liver. Its main function is to store bile from
the liver until the bile is emptied into the duodenum. This process occurs
when the small intestine initiates chemical impulses that cause the gallbladder
to contract.

Pancreas

The pancreas, which measures (15 to 20 cm) in length, lies horizontally in the
abdomen behind the stomach. It consists of a head, tail, and body. The body
of the pancreas lies in the right upper quadrant, and the tail is in the left upper
quadrant, attached to the duodenum. The tail of the pancreas touches the
spleen. The pancreas releases insulin and glycogen into the bloodstream and
releases pancreatic enzymes into the duodenum for digestion.

Bile ducts
The bile ducts provide a passageway for bile to travel from the liver to the
intestines. Two hepatic ducts drain the liver, and the cystic duct drains the
gallbladder. These ducts converge into the common bile duct, which then
empties into the duodenum.

Vasculature

The abdominal aorta supplies blood to the GI tract. It enters the abdomen and
then splits into many branches that supply blood to the length of the GI tract.
The gastric and splenic veins drain absorbed nutrients into the portal vein of
the liver. After entering the liver, the venous blood circulates and then exits
the liver through the hepatic vein, emptying into the inferior vena cava.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
 Gastritis is characterized by a disruption of the mucosal barrier that
normally protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices (e.g., hydrochloric
acid (HCI) and pepsin). The impaired mucosal barrier allows corrosive HCL,
pepsin, and other irritating agents (e.g., NSAIDs and H. pylori) to come in
contact with the gastric mucosa, resulting in inflammation. In acute gastritis,
this inflammation is usually transient and self-limiting in nature. Inflammation
causes the gastric mucosa to become edematous and hyperemic (congested
with fluid and blood) and to undergo superficial erosion (see Fig. 46-1).
Superficial ulceration may occur as a result of erosive disease and may lead
to hemorrhage. In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to
chronic inflammatory changes, and eventually atrophy (or thinning) of the
gastric tissue (Grossman & Porth, 2014).

DIAGNOSTIC TEST

(Physical Assessment and Diagnostic test evaluation for Acute Gastritis)

To diagnose Acute Gastritis doctor will ask about medical History, symptoms,
and many medicines you take. Your Doctor will also perform a physical exam,
laboratory exam, and may order upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy with
Biopsies or other tests.
Here are the tests and their rationale that should be done to
diagnosed Acute Gastritis:

Upper GI endoscopy

Upper GI endoscopy is a procedure in which a doctor uses an endoscope—a

flexible tube with a camera—to see the lining of your upper GI tract, including
your esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. During upper GI endoscopy, a
doctor obtains biopsies by passing an instrument through the endoscope to
take small pieces of tissue from your stomach lining. A pathologist will
examine the tissue with a microscope. Doctors may use upper GI endoscopy
to diagnose gastritis or gastropathy, determine the cause, and manage
complications.
Blood tests

Doctors may use blood tests to check for other causes of gastritis or signs of
complications. For a blood test, a health care professional will take a blood
sample from you and send the sample to a lab.

Stool tests

Doctors may use stool tests to check for H. pylori infection and for blood in
your stool, a sign of bleeding in your stomach.

Urea breath test

Doctors may use a urea breath test to check for H. pylori infection. For the
test, you will swallow a capsule, liquid, or pudding that contains urea that is
“labeled” with a special carbon atom. If H. pylori is present, the bacteria will
convert the urea into carbon dioxide. After a few minutes, you will breathe into
a container, exhaling carbon dioxide. A health care professional will test your
exhaled breath. If the test detects the labeled carbon atoms, the health care
professional will confirm an H. pylori infection in your digestive tract.

Upper GI series

Doctors may use an upper GI series to check for signs of gastritis or

gastropathy. An upper GI series is a procedure in which a doctor uses x-
rays and a chalky liquid called barium to view your upper GI tract.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST RESULT OF BARAMEDA

HEMATOLOGY
TEST RESULT UNIT REFERENCE
RANGE
COMPLETE
BLOOD COUNT
WHITE BLOOD 10.40 10e3/uL 3.70/11.3
CELLS
RED BLOOD 5.22 10e6/uL 4.10-5.85
 CELL
HEMOGLOBIN 148.00 g/L 115-160
HEMATOCRIT 0.459 L/L 0.280-0.500
MCV 87.9 fL 77.0-94.9
MCH 28.3 pg 27.0-33.2
MCHC 32.2 G/dL 31.0-34.8
PLATELET 338 10e3/uL 140-450
COUNT

DIFFERENTIAL
COUNT
NEUTROPHILLS 75.8 H % 35.0-65.0
LYMPHOCYTES 15.2 L % 20.0-55.0
MONOCYTES 8.1 % 2.00-10.00
EOSINOPHILS 0.5 % 0.00-4.00
BASOPHILS 0.3 % 0.00-1.50
ESR 10 mm/hr 0-15

CHEMISTRY
TEST NAME RESUL FLA S.I UNITS RESULT CONVENTIONAL
T G UNITS
RANGE UNIT RANG UNIT
E
Calcium 1.87 L 2.10-2.55 mmol/ 7.48 8.4- mg/dL
L 10.2
137.49 136-145 mmol/ 137.49 136- mmol/L
L 145
3.79 35-5.1 mmol/ 3.79 35-5.1 mmol/L
L
1.30 1.10-1.40 mmol/
L
Amylase 125.40 H 25-125 U/L 125.40 25-125 U/L
lipase 17.40 8-78 U/L 17.40 8-78 U/L

DIAGNOSTIC TEST RESULT OF BARRAMEDA

Physical examination
General Survey: irritable, not in respiratory distress
Vital sign: BP: 130/70 CR: 91 RR: 24 Temperature: 36.6
HEENT: dry lips , sunken eye balls
Chest/lungs: Symmetrical Chest Expansion, Clear Breath Sounds, No
Retraction and no cracles
CSV: Adynamic precordium, normal rate, regular rhythm, no murmurs
Abdomen: Globular,soft, nontendr abdomen, nopalpable Mass or visible
deformity
GU (IE); DRE: no gross deformities, no mass, nodischarge, no Erythema
skin's extremities: no discoloration, no lesions, no swelling, n edema, full
equal pulses CRT <2secs.
Neurological Exam: no neurological deficit

Laboratory and major diagnostic result

WBC 10.40
HGB 148
HMT: 0.459PT: 338
RADIOLOGY: normal chest findings
CHEMISTRY: Amylase high-125.40
ESR: normal
SARS-COV2: Negative.

The table shows every diagnostic test that Barrameda underwent. Blood test
result show a high range of neutrophils, which indicates neutropenia, it is a
condition where your body produces too many neutrophils which may
develop leukocytosis or a high total white blood cell count. Neutrophilia may
be associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, which is one of
the most common causes of gastritis. The result also shows low lymphocytes,
indicates lymphocytopenia, a condition when there are too few white blood
cells called lymphocytes in which means the patient has not enough white
blood cells to fight infection specifically the H.pylori
In chemistry, the patient has high amounts of amylase in the blood, which is
often a symptoms of acute or chronic pancreatitis. High levels of serum
amylase have also been linked to gastritis; it is thought that the inflammation
generated by gastritis might lead to increased permeability of the stomach
lining, allowing amylase to escape into circulation. Chemistry also discovers
that low calcium levels indicate hypocalcemia, and Dehydration, this is
because it can lead to electrolyte imbalances, which can affect the levels of
calcium in your blood. Low calcium levels in the blood can also be caused by
a problem with the parathyroid glands, as well as from diet and certain drugs.
The doctor also considers the physical examination, where the results are dry
lips and sunken eyeballs, another sign of dehydration. The general survey
also stated that the infant is irritable but not in respiratory distress. His vital
signs are normal, except for his blood pressure, which is higher than usual,
another symptom of gastritis because the majority of these cases have high
blood pressure. All of the results point to the diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis
with moderate dehydration.

MEDICAL AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

The gastric mucosa is capable of repairing itself after an episode of
acute gastritis. As a rule, the patient recovers in about 1 day, although the
patient's appetite may be diminished for an additional 2 or 3 days. Acute
gastritis is also managed by instructing the patient to refrain from alcohol and
food until symptoms subside. When the patient can take nourishment by
mouth, a non-irritating diet is recommended. If the symptoms persist,
intravenous (IV) fluids may need to be given. If bleeding is present,
management is similar to the procedures used to control upper GI tract
hemorrhage discussed later in this chapter. Therapy is supportive and may
include nasogastric (NG) intubation, antacids, histamine-2 receptor
antagonists (Hy blockers) (e.g., famotidine [Pepcid], ranitidine, pro- ton pump
inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole [Prilosec], lansoprazole [Prevacid]), and IV fluids .
Fiberoptic endoscopy may be necessary. In extreme cases, emergency
surgery may be required to remove gangrenous or perforated tissue. A gastric
resection or a gastrojejunostomy (anastomosis of jejunum to stomach to
detour around the pylorus) may be necessary to treat gastric outlet
obstruction, also called pyloric obstruction, a narrowing of the pyloric orifice,
which cannot be relieved by medical management. Chronic gastritis is
managed by modifying the patient's diet, promoting rest, reducing stress,
recommending avoidance of alcohol and NSAIDs, and initiating medications
that may include antacids, H, blockers, or proton pump inhibitors H. pylori may
be treated with selected drug combinations which typically include a proton
pump inhibitor, antibiotics, and sometimes bismuth salts

NURSING MANAGEMENT
NURSING CARE PLAN
 EVALUATION, RESULTS & DISCUSSION

In conclusion, our case study is about Acute Gastritis which refers to a

sudden onset inflammation of the stomach lining that results from a disruption
to the gastric mucosa that allows for further damage and inflammation from
stomach acids. My assessment for three successive days showed that the
patient’s status has slightly been stable and had improved the patient’s view
towards promoting health. I had established rapport and harmonious
communication during the whole course of the study and reviewed patient’s
chart. Moreover, I had understood the Anatomy, Physiology and
Pathophysiology of the disease condition of the patient which is Acute Gatritis.
I had identified Patient’s Clinical Manifestations as basis for the Actual and
Ideal Nursing Care Plans and had intervened identified problems through
patient-based nursing care. As a nursing student, the knowledge that I had
gained during the three days assessing and caring of the patient had
enhanced my understanding about the patient’s condition.
This exposure had helped me improved and developed my interpersonal
relationship to people whom I worked with.

Discharge Plan
Medication
 Discuss all take home medications to the patient and to his parents.
 Instruct the patient regarding the vital information of the medications,
including drugs indication and side effects.
 Encourage the patient to take Omeprazole, Paracetamol and Multi
Vitamins as recommended by the Physician.
Economy/Exercise
 Encouraged the patient to engage in light exercises or exercise that he
can tolerate like brisk walking, jogging, or slow running. However,
patient is instructed to observe rest periods and consume oral fluids to
replace water lost through perspiration.
Treatment/Therapy
 Explain the treatment and medication purposes to the patient.
 Patient is instructed to maintain adequate rest period.
 Instructed to increase fluid intake to 3 liters per day.
 Avoiding hot and spicy foods.
Health Teaching/Hygiene
 Described to the client and mother the signs and symptoms to be
reported
immediately.
 Advised family to immediately consult to her physician if signs and
symptoms
of the disease recur.

Consultation
• Instruct the patient and his mother to seek consultation.
• And discussed the need for refferal if it is necessary.
Diet
 Instructed the patient to eat small frequent feedings.
 Patient is also encouraged to eat high fiber foods, such as whole grains,
fruits, vegetables, and beans.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Acute gastritis: refers to a sudden onset of inflammation of the stomach
lining, also known as the gastric mucosa. In contrast, chronic gastritis refers to
long-lasting inflammation of the gastric mucosa.

Aspirin: A drug that reduces pain, fever, inflammation, and blood clotting.
Aspirin belongs to the family of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
agents. It is also being studied in cancer prevention.

Bacterium: A type of very small organism that lives in air, earth, water, plants,
and animals, often one that causes disease.
Bile reflux: A backflow of bile into the stomach from the bile tract

Cytoprotective Drugs: Its predominant feature is a protection of the mucosa

from endogenous and exogenous noxious agents. These cytoprotective
properties result from a locally formed layer covering ulcers and erosions
which inhibits the diffusion of H-ions and pepsin to the damaged mucosa.

Chronic gastritis: refers to a persistent, but low grade, inflammation and

damage to the stomach lining. The gastric mucosa becomes thinner as the
normal cells are destroyed. The inflammatory cells include lymphocytes,
which indicate an immune response.

Epigastric pain: is pain in the upper abdomen. It can be a sign of disease.

Common causes include: Acid reflux (stomach acid flowing up into the
esophagus) Gastritis (irritation of the stomach lining) Most often this is from
aspirin or NSAID medicines such as ibuprofen, bacteria called H.

Functional dyspepsia: is a kind of chronic indigestion — a stomach ache, a

feeling of fullness or bloating during and after meals.

Gnawing: a sensation of dull, constant pain or suffering.

Gas or gastric problem: is one of the most common problems which usually
occurs after the age of 40. There can be various reasons contributing to
gastric problems like indigestion or an empty stomach. Gastric problem or
gastritis is an inflammation, irritation, or erosion of the lining of the stomach. It
starts from being acute and can turn gradually into a chronic condition.

Gastrointestinal system: The organs that take in food and liquids and break
them down into substances that the body can use for energy, growth, and
tissue repair. Waste products the body cannot use leave the body through
bowel movements.
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori): It is a bacteria that lives in the mucous lining
of the stomach. If not treated on time, this infection can lead to ulcers, and in
some people, stomach cancer.

Hypocalcemia: is a treatable condition that happens when the levels of

calcium in your blood are too low. Many different health conditions can cause
hypocalcemia, and it's often caused by abnormal levels of parathyroid
hormone (PTH) or vitamin D in your body.

Neutrophilia: is defined as a higher neutrophil count in the blood than the

normal reference range of absolute neutrophil count. Neutrophilia can be seen
in infections, inflammation, and/or neoplastic processes

Omeprazole: sold under the brand names Prilosec and Losec, among others,
is a medication used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease,
peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. It is also used to
prevent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people who are at high risk.

Paracetamol: is a medication used to treat fever and mild to moderate pain.

Common brand names include Tylenol and Panadol. At a standard dose,
paracetamol only slightly decreases body temperature; it is inferior to
ibuprofen in that respect, and the benefits of its use for fever are unclear.

Zinc sulfate: is a drug used to replenish low levels of zinc or prevent zinc
deficiency, or to test for zinc deficiency.

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