ANTHROPLOGICAL SELF

D
E
F
I ANTHROPOLOGY
N  The study of human beings and their
I ancestors through time in terms of
T physical character, environment, social
relations and culture.
I
 It can also be known as the
O scientific and humanistic
N study of human species and
their various diversities
 THE SELF EMBEDDED IN CULTURE
Culture refers to Geertz (1973) described
customary behavior culture as "a system of
inherited conceptions
and beliefs that are
expressed in symbolic
passed on through forms by means of
enculturation (Kottak, which men
2008), wherein communicate,
enculturation is the perpetuate, and
social process which develop their
culture is learned and knowledge about and
attitudes toward life"
transmitted.
 CULTURE
defined culture as the defined culture as, stated that, “Culture is
‘cumulative creation of “complex whole which the complex whole that
man’. He also includes knowledge, consists of all the ways
regarded culture as the belief, art, morals, law, we think and do and
handiwork of man custom, and any everything we have as
and the medium through other capabilities and members of society.”
which he achieves habits acquired by
his ends. man as a member of
society.”

BRONISLAW MALINOWSKI EDWARD B. TAYLOR ROBERT BIERSTEDT

 CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
Kalsekar (2015)
1 2 3 4

Culture is socially Culture is

transmissive; it could
learned; it is not
be transmitted
Biologically Culture is based on Culture is shared; from one generation
inherited. There is Symbols. Symbols are in the sociological to the next. Parents
no cultural signs, emblems, and
sense, it is not pass culture traits to
other things that
instinct that it is an something that an their children, who in
represent something
inborn tendency. It else in a meaningful individual can turn, pass it to their
is often called possess. own children. Culture
way.
‘learned ways of is transmitted, not
through genes, but
behavior’.
through language.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
Kalsekar (2015)
5 6 7

Culture is continuous and Culture is dynamic

Culture is
cumulative; it exists as a and adaptive; it is
continuous process. It tends to consistent and
integrated; it tends relatively stable. It
become cumulative in its
historical growth. to be consistent. At is subject to slow
It is a ‘growing whole’ which the same time, and
includes the achievements of different constant changes.
the past and the present and parts of culture are Change, growth,
makes provision for the future interconnected. and
achievements of mankind. latent in culture
01 Culture is the treasury of knowledge
02 Culture defines situation

Culture defines attitudes, values

03 and goals
Culture decides our career
04
Culture provides behavior pattern
05
06 Culture molds personality
ETHNOCENTRISM is the belief in
the inherent superiority of one’s own
ethnic group or culture.

CULTURAL RELATIVISM is the belief

that activities should be understood
based on a person’s own culture.

The self is not an entity, but a process that orchestrates

an individual’s experience. As a result, he or she
becomes self-aware and self-reflective about his or her
place in the surrounding world. (Morris 1994)
Eastern and Western people
do not only live in different
lifestyles, but also think
distinctively in different ways.
Understanding these
characteristics would
positively benefit in
recognizing and gaining from
each other’s culture.
 Eastern -
COLLECTIVIST
 Motivated by the good of
the group
 Relying on others
 Placing priority on the
group rather than the self
 Pay attention to the
importance of family
 Languages in which the
word “I” is avoided.
 “We” consciousness
Western -
INDIVIDUALIST
 Show initiative or work
well independently
 Individual uniqueness and
self-determination is
valued
 Individuals are only
responsible of themselves
 Does not seek to make
everyone responsible for
one another
 Languages in which the
word “I” is indispensable
 “I” consciousness
EASTERN WESTERN

• I am special.
• I am unique.
• I am me.
• I am an individual.
• I am who I am.
• I am a rational agent.
• I am responsible
for my own actions.
The difference between Eastern
culture and Western culture, is that
Eastern perspective is
interdependent and collectivist, in
which their focus assert the group
as their primary concern, while on
the other hand Western culture are
self-dominated, they have a
mindset of independence and
individualism.