Topic 5: The lexicon

COLLOCATIONS

These are some examples of common verb collocations:

have do make
have a bath do business make a difference
have a drink do nothing make a mess
have a good time do someone a favour make a mistake
have a haircut do the cooking make a noise
have a holiday do the housework make an effort
have a problem do the shopping make furniture
have a relationship do the washing up make money
have a rest do your best make progress
have lunch do your hair make room
have sympathy do your homework make trouble
take break catch
take a break break a habit catch a ball
take a chance break a leg catch a bus
take a look break a promise catch a chill
take a rest break a record catch a cold
take a seat break a window catch a thief
take a taxi break someone's heart catch fire
take an exam break the ice catch sight of
take notes break the law catch someone's attention
take someone's place break the news to someone catch someone's eye
take someone's temperature break the rules catch the flu
pay save keep
pay a fine save electricity keep a diary
pay attention save energy keep a promise
pay by credit card save money keep a secret
pay cash save one's strength keep an appointment
pay interest save someone a seat keep calm
pay someone a compliment save someone's life keep control
pay someone a visit save something to a disk keep in touch
pay the bill save space keep quiet
pay the price save time keep someone's place
pay your respects save yourself the trouble keep the change
come go get
come close go abroad get a job
come complete with go astray get a shock
come direct go bad get angry
come early go bald get divorced
come first go bankrupt get drunk
come into view go blind get frightened
come last go crazy get home
come late go dark get lost
come on time go deaf get married
come prepared go fishing get nowhere
come right back go mad get permission
come second go missing get pregnant
come to a compromise go on foot get ready
come to a decision go online get started
come to an agreement go out of business get the impression
come to an end go overseas get the message
come to a standstill go quiet get the sack
come to terms with go sailing get upset
come to a total of go to war get wet
come under attack go yellow get worried

Miscellaneous

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Time Business English Classifiers
bang on time annual turnover a ball of string
dead on time bear in mind a bar of chocolate
early 12th century break off negotiations a bottle of water
free time cease trading a bunch of carrots
from dawn till dusk chair a meeting a cube of sugar
great deal of time close a deal a pack of cards
late 20th century close a meeting a pad of paper
make time for come to the point
next few days dismiss an offer
past few weeks draw a conclusion
right on time draw your attention to
run out of time launch a new product
save time lay off staff
spare time go bankrupt
spend some time go into partnership
take your time make a loss
tell someone the time make a profit
time goes by market forces
time passes sales figures
waste time take on staff

Some adjective collocations

a big decision a heavy smoker high quality
a big mistake heavy rain high speed
great fun heavy snow a strong feeling
a large amount heavy traffic a strong smell
a deep feeling low cost a strong taste
deep sleep low esteem
in deep trouble a high level

Here are some of the most common types of collocations:

STRUCTURE EXAMPLE
bitterly disappointed
Adverb + Adjective utterly stupid
fully aware
a handsome man
Adjective + Noun a regular exercise
a warm welcome
a slice of ham
Noun + Noun a piece of cake
a lump of sugar
hens are clucking
Noun + Verb lions are roaring
wolves are howling
to commit suicide
Verb + Noun to do the homework
to make noise
to burst into tears
to run out of money
Verb + Expression with preposition
to fill with pride
to regret bitterly
Verb + Adverb to place gently
to whisper softly

EXERCISES

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1. Complete the collocations in the table:

a problem / the shopping / a good time / notes / noise / a taxi / a call / no choice / nothing / a rest / the
housework / a break / a headache / a mistake / a choice / breakfast / a chance / business / the
washing up / a cake

MAKE DO HAVE TAKE

2. Choose the correct verb or adjective to complete the collocations:

a (big, large, high) mistake (strong, heavy, huge) rain

to (go, get, come) married to (make, do, save) time
to (feel, do, go) free to (make, do, have) a look
a (strong, big, heavy)smoker to (come, get, go) for a walk
to (break, catch, save) the rules (low, small, short) esteem
to (catch, feel, pay) cash a (high, tall, huge)level
to (pay, do, feel) attention (strong, tall, high) quality
to (do, make, catch) a call a (high, strong, well) taste
to (make, get, catch) a cold to (take, do, feel) a break
to (give, break, take) the law to (do, save, break) money
to (get, catch, come) a bus to (do, make, give) a favour

3. Fill in do or make into the sentences

Will you ………. me a favour, please?

It’s your turn to ………….. the dishes today.
I will ……………. a list of all the things we need.
We will …………….. an exception for you.
A good student always ……………… his homework.
The doctor asked me to ……………… exercise.
I have to ……………… a phone call.
You know people …………… mistakes.
It was difficult for us to ……………….. a choice.
The soldiers were obliged to ……………….. their beds every morning.

4. Fill in the correct verb to complete the collocation:

to ……….. the shopping to ……….. a favour

to …….. a break to ………. progress
to ………. for a walk to ……… drunk
to ……….. the law to ………… a headache
to ………… notes to ………. cash
to …………. a baby to ………. late
to ……… attention to ………. married
to ……….. a leg to ……… energy
to ………. time to ……….. a good time
to ……….. a cake to ……….. crazy
to ………. breakfast to ………. the housework
to ………….. someone’s heart to ……… noise
to …………. a bus to ……….. happy

5. Chose the right possibility to create correct collocations:

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heavy, great, strong, well, start, hard, vitally, told, wasted, wide, terribly, missed

I really ……….. my boyfriend when I stayed in France last year.

When I came into the children's room, Jane and Annie were already asleep, but Phillip was ……….
awake, reading the Little Prince story.
I …………. my time on that stupid course; it was terrible and unprofessional.
I'm sure my mother is ………… aware of the problem but she doesn’t want to solve it.
It's ………….. important that we finish this project by the end of this month.
We are ……………. sorry for being late, but we missed the train and had to wait an hour for another
one.
We carried the furniture up to the fifth floor and it was a very ……….. work.
She ……….. everyone the same funny story but nobody laughed.
I think Joan and Ben wanted to get married and ……….. a family.
My friend doesn't drink ……….. coffee in the evening because it keeps her awake.
All my guests said that my birthday party was a …………… success.
If this ………….. rain doesn’t stop, I don't think we'll make the trip today.

6. Fill the gaps with the correct form of do or make to form collocations:

What does Mark .............for living?

What are you ………..? I am ……….. a cake.
Have you .............your homework already?
What are you …………. such a fuss about?
My room-mate usually ...........the grocery shopping.
Children are ………….. a lot of noise, can you calm them down?
Angela ............badly in her English exam.
The children ..............a mess in the kitchen.
Hurricanes can ………. a lot of damage.
Where is Elena? She is ………… the beds right now.
I only ............one mistake in my mathematics test.
May I ask you to ............me a favour.
Have you and your husband ...........a decision yet?
A glass of wine will …………. you good.
Please excuse me, I need to ……....a phone call.

7. Match the pairs to form appropriate collocations:

a) a drop of 1. salt f) a puff of 6. bread k) a pack of 11. cattle

b) a piece of 2. smoke g) a slice of 7. paper l) a shoal of 12. bees
c) a lump of 3. ham h) a herd of 8. ants m) a swarm of 13 sheep
d) a hunk of 4. sugar i) a flock of 9. fish
e) a pinch of 5. oil j) an army of 10. wolves

8. List these expressions under the correct verbs to make collocations:

a good time / the washing / married / amendments / lost / a fortune / a baby / home / no time / a good
memory / the homework / profit / nothing / no choice / or break / wet / the ironing / no objection / some
work / a problem / something up / ready / progress / an effort / the shopping / drunk / an opportunity /
angry / the cooking / mistake / frightened / a difference / holiday / business / someone a favour /
permission

Make Have Get Do