New moon

A new Moon is essentially the opposite of a full Moon. During a full Moon, we
see the side of the Moon that is being illuminated by the Sun, giving the Moon its
bright, glowing appearance. During a new Moon, however, we see the side of the
Moon that is not being illuminated by the Sun, which makes the Moon blend in
with the dark night sky.

When the Moon is “new,” it’s located between the Earth and the Sun. In other
words, the Moon is in line with the Sun, and the Sun and Earth are on opposite
sides of the Moon. (Note that when the Moon is perfectly aligned in front of the
Sun, it blocks out the Sun, giving us a solar eclipse.)
Full moon

full moon, in which the entire round illuminated face of the Moon is
visible from Earth. The full moon is typically considered the most striking
of the lunar phases because during this phase the most sunlight reflects
off the Moon toward Earth. During and around the night of the full moon,
other celestial objects such as stars and planets are more difficult to
observe because of the Moon’s glare. It is also difficult to observe the
surface of the Moon itself when it is full, as the light tends to wash out
topographic features.

First quarter
The First Quarter Moon is a primary Moon
phase when half of the Moon's face is lit up. Whether
it is the left or right half depends on where you are
on Earth.
Third quater phrase

The Third Quarter Moon is when the opposite half of

the Moon is illuminated compared to the First
Quarter. Which half you see lit up depends on where
you are on Earth.