PRACTICAL- 10

Aim: To design an automatic water level controller for over head tank.
Date:
Relavent CO: CO1,CO2
Objectives:
1) To design a circuit for over head tank filling system.
2) To develop a control aspect for over head tank considering low and high level points.
THEORY: The drinking water crisis in India is reaching alarming proportions. It might very
soon attain the nature of global crisis. Hence, it is of utmost importance to preserve water. In
many houses there is unnecessary wastage of water due to overflow in Overhead Tanks.
Automatic Water Level Controller can provide a solution to this problem. The operation of
water level controller works upon the fact that water conducts electricity. So water can be
used to open or close a circuit. As the water level rises or falls, different circuits in the
controller send different signals. These signals are used to switch ON or switch OFF the
motor pump as per our requirements.
Circuit Diagram of Automatic Tank Level Controller:

Figure 10.1 Circuit Diagram fo Water level Controller

The heart of this pump controller circuit is a NE 555 IC; here we have manipulated the flip
flop inside the 555 timer IC. Our circuit consists of two water level sensors, one fixed at the
top and other at the bottom. Working of this circuit is almost similar to a bi stable
multivibrator.
Components Pin out:

Figure 10.2 555 Timer and Transistor

Working of Automatic water tank level controller:

➢ We know the property of 555 timer IC, i.e. its output goes HIGH when voltage at the
second pin (trigger pin) is less than 1/3 Vcc.

➢ Also, we can reset back the IC by applying a LOW voltage at the 4th pin (Reset pin).

➢ In this project 3 wires are dipped in water tank. Let us define two water levels- Bottom
(Low) level and Top (Up) level. One of the wire or probe is from Vcc.

➢ The probe from bottom level is connected to the trigger (2nd) pin of 555 IC. So the voltage
at 2nd pin is Vcc when it is covered by water.

➢ When water level goes down, the 2nd pin gets disconnected (untouched) from water i.e.
voltage at the trigger pin becomes less than Vcc. Then the output of 555 becomes high.

➢ The output of 555 is fed to a transistor, it energizes the relay coil and the water pump set
is turned ON.

➢ While the water level rises, the top level probe is covered by water and the transistor
becomes ON. Its collector voltage goes to Vce(sat) =0.2.

➢ The low voltage at the 4th pin resets the IC. So the output of 555 becomes 0V. Hence the
motor will turn OFF automatically.

➢ For simple demonstration of this project you can use a DC motor directly at the output of
555 instead of relay.

➢ For practical implementation, you must use a relay. Rating of relay is chosen according to
the load (Motor). 32 Ampere relay is best suited for domestic applications.
Observations:

Lower Level (e.g in Ft) Voltage Level (mv /V) Output Status LED/Relay
ON/OFF

Upper Level (e.g in Ft) Voltage Level (mv /V) Output Status LED/Relay
ON/OFF

Conclusion: We have understood water level controller as a part of Building Automation

requirement and have designed a circuit for water level controller.

Assignment / Task:
Task:
1) Design a water level controller using any digital device e.g microcontroller
/development board

1.a ) Draw a functional block diagram for digital water level controller
1.b) Draw / prepare a schematic diagram for digital water level controller
1.c) Prepare a program for water level controller and operate the device
1.d) Note 3 to 4 observations for different set points of level.
Suggested Reference: https://www.electronicsforu.com/
References used by the students:
Rubric wise marks obtained:

Rubrics 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Marks 2 2 2 2 2 10
Marks
obtained

Rubrics:

1. Group work while performing experiment on computer or in designing assigned task.

2. Understand the concept while preparing write up or observations.
3. Individual work done in exploring references.
4. Analysis and comparision with hardware and software used.
5. Assignment/ Quiz answers and submission in time.
****************************************************************
PRACTICAL NO. 10
1) Design a water level controller using any digital device e.g microcontroller
/development board
Sure, here’s a basic outline for a water level controller using an Arduino:
1. Components Needed:
- Arduino board
- Water level sensors (ultrasonic or float sensors)
- Relay module
- Water pump
- Connecting wires
2. Connection Setup:
- Connect water level sensors to digital input pins on the Arduino.
- Connect the relay module to a digital output pin on the Arduino.
- Connect the water pump to the relay module.
3. Safety Considerations:
- Implement safety features like overflow protection and pump timeout.
- Ensure proper insulation and waterproofing for the electronic components.
Remember to customize the code and connections based on your specific components and
requirements
1.a) Draw a functional block diagram for digital water level controller
1.b) Draw / prepare a schematic diagram for digital water level controller

1.c) Prepare a program for water level controller and operate the device
Const int trigPin = 9;
Const int echoPin = 10;
Const int relayPin = 8;
 Const int waterThreshold = 20;
Void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
pinMode(relayPin, OUTPUT);
}
Void loop() {
Long duration, distance;
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
Duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
Distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;
Serial.print(“Distance: “);
Serial.println(distance);
If (distance < waterThreshold) {
digitalWrite(relayPin, HIGH);
Serial.println(“Pump Activated”);
}
else {
digitalWrite(relayPin, LOW);
Serial.println(“Pump Deactivated”);
}
Delay(1000);
}