WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER USING IC 555

MAJOR PROJECT

TITLE - Water level controller by using IC 555 .

ABSTRACT
• People generally worry about the wastage of water, when they switch ON the motor
and forget to OFF them.
• Our idea may help them in saving water for future.

INTRODUCTION
• Our project mainly consists of 555timer,a 6v relay,230v a.c motor and wires which
acts as sensors.
• The wires are placed at the different levels of the tank.
• All these mentioned components take an active role in switching ON and OFF of the
motor.

COMPENTS REQUIRED

1.555 Timer IC (Ino)

2. BC547 NPN Transistor (2no)
3. 1k 0.25-watt Resistors (2no)
4. 22k 0.25-watt Resistors (3no)
5. 180k 0.25-watt Resistor (Ino)
6.1M 0.25-watt Resistors (2no)
7. LED 1.5V 5-mm (1no)
8. 1N4007 Diode (D1) (1no)
9.100nF (104) Capacitor (C1) (Ino) 10. 12V SPDT Relay (Contact Rating 30A) (Ino)
11. Connectors & IC base (4 pin)
12. Slide switch (1P2T) (Ino)
13. PCB Board

TOOLS REQUIRED
1. Tester
2. Multimeter
3. Plier
4. Wire cutter
5. Soldering iron
6. Clips

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 WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER USING IC 555

IC 555

Pin Name Features

1 GND (ground) Ground, as a low level (0V)
2 TRIG(trigger) When this pin voltage drops to 1 / 3VCC (or the threshold voltage
determined by the control), the output is given high.

3 OUT(output) Output high level (+ VCC) or low level.

4 RST (reset) When this pin receives the electricity timer, the chip is reset when
this pin is grounded, and the output is low.
5 CTRL (control) The threshold voltage of the chip is controlled. (When the pin is
empty, the default two threshold voltage is 1 / 3Vcc and 2 / 3Vcc).
6 THR (threshold) When this pin voltage rises to 2 / 3VCC (or threshold voltage
determined by the control), the output is lowered.
7 DIS (discharge) The internal OC gate is used to discharge the capacitor.
8 V +, VCC (power) Provide high levels and power to the chip.

12V RELAY

Pin
Pin Name Description
NO.

Used to trigger(On/Off) the Relay, Normally one end is connected

1 Coil End 1
to 12V and the other end to ground

Used to trigger(On/Off) the Relay, Normally one end is connected

2 Coil End 2
to 12V and the other end to ground

Common is connected to one End of the Load that is to be

3 Common (COM)
controlled

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 WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER USING IC 555

Normally Close The other end of the load is either connected to NO or NC. If
4
(NC) connected to NC the load remains connected before trigger

Normally Open The other end of the load is either connected to NO or NC. If
5
(NO) connected to NO the load remains disconnected before trigger

BC547 TRANSISTOR

The BC547 transistor is an NPN transistor. A transistor is nothing but the transfer of resistance
which is used for amplifying the current. A small current of the base terminal of this transistor will
control the large current of emitter and base terminals. The main function of this transistor is to
amplify as well as switching purposes. The maximum gain current of this transistor is 800A.

Pin Pin Description

Number Name

1 Collector Current flows in

through collector

2 Base Controls the biasing

of transistor

3 Emitter Current Drains out

through emitter

LAYOUT DIAGRAM

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 WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER USING IC 555

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION_____

As shown in the above block diagram gives the information about this particular water level
controller.
It consist of BC 548 Transistor, NE555 IC timer, Relay, IN4007 Diode, Motor and a Tank which can
be used fill the water. When the input 9v-12v is given from Battery/power supply to the project
starts working. The input is given from power supply then the transistor will active through the
relay the power is supplied to the ic 555 timer. The output pin of the ic 555 timer is connected to
the relay and diode.
Then the relay is maintained at a required level and the motor will be start up by switching on.
When the motor is on its ready to fill the tank by recognizing the sensors or water level in the
tank. It is depend up on the level of water. When the water is full then automatically it gets
switched off.

WORKING PRINCIPLE______

We know the property of 555 timer IC, i.e.its output goes HIGH when voltage at the second
pin(trigger pin) is less than 1/3 Vcc.
Also we can reset back the IC by applying a LOW voltage at the 4th pin (Reset pin). In the above
circuit3 wires are dipped in water tank. Let us define two water levels- Bottom (Low) level and
Top (Up) level. One of the wire or probe is from.
The probe from bottom level is connected to the trigger (2nd) pin of 555 IC. So the voltage at
2nd pin is Vcc when it is covered by water.
When water level goes down, the 2nd pin gets disconnected(untouched) from water i.e. voltage
at the trigger pin becomes less than Vcc. Then the output of 555 becomes high
While the water level rises, the top level probe is covered by water and the transistor becomes
ON. Its collector voltage goes to Vce-0.2.

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 WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER USING IC 555

The low voltage at the fourth pin resets the IC. So the output of 555 becomes o volt. Hence the
motor will turn of automatically.
For simple demonstration of this project we can use a DC motor directly at the output of 555
instead of relay.
For practical implementation we must use a relay. Rating of relay is chosen according to the
load(motor). 32A relay is best suited for domestic applications.

APPLICATIONS:

1. It is used for all household purposes.

2. It can be used in commercial centers.
3. It will be very much useful to farmers to store large amount of water. 4. It can be used in all
places to control water level.

ADVANTAGES:

1. Low maintenance.
2. Compact and good design.
3. Fully Automatic.
4. Saves water, energy.
5. Increases Pump Life

CONCLUSION

An automatic water level regulator was designed and constructed using available materials
and successfully tested.

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