WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER

USING 555 TIMER

OBJECTIVE:

• Automatic Control of A Motor

Thus Preventing overflow from
Over Head Tank.
OVERVIEW :

OVER HEAD TANK

Upper

Lower

GND
 AC
MOTOR

CIRCUIT BOARD
CIRCUIT BOARD BLOCK DIAGRAM:
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

RELAY

UPPER
LEVEL

TANK

LOWER
LEVEL

GND
 ABOUT THE 555 TIMER IC

• Introduced in 1972 by Hans Camenzind

at Signetics Corporation, Low cost, stable , low power.

• Manufactured 1 billion units / year.

• 8 pin mini DIP-8 pack.

• Includes 25 Transistors ,2 diodes and 15 resistors in

silicon chip.

Used in timer, pulse generation and Oscillator applications .

 Ground 1 8 Vcc

Pin Details: Trigger 2 7 Discharge

Output
555 Threshold
3 6
Control
Reset
1-GND : Ground, low level (0 V) 4 5 Voltage

2- TRIGGER : Detects l/3Vcc, Output high. Pin 2

 controls over Pin 6.

3- OUTPUT :This output is driven to approximately

1.7V below +1/cc or GND

4- RESET :A timing interval may be reset by driving this

input to GND
 Ground Vcc

Trigger Discharge

5 - CONTROL : Control access to the internal Output Threshold

voltage divider (by default, 2/3

Control
Reset Voltage

Vcc).

6 - THRESHOLD : The interval ends when the voltage at

THRESHOLD is greater than at CONTROL.

7 - DISCHARGE : Open collector output; may discharge a

capacitor between intervals.

8- VCC : Positive supply voltage.( 3 to 15V)

Specifications of NE555:
1) Supply Voltage : 3 to 15 V

2) Supply Current: 3 to 15 mA

3) Output Current: 200mA (MaX)

4) Power Consumption : 225 mW @ 15V

Modes of Operation:

1) Astable Free Running mode, used as oscillator,

provide time delay, adjust duty cycle.

2) Monostable : "one-shot" pulse generator.

Applications include timers,
bounce free switches.

3) Bistable : Basic flip-flop , Schmitt trigger.

Ground
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

RELAY

UPPER
LEVEL

TANK

LOWER
LEVEL

GND
555 ANALYSIS :

Pin 6

2/3Vcc

Pin 2
SET

Output
CLR
SET(S) RESET(R) Action
0 0 HOLD
STATE
0 1 RESET(

1 0 SET(l)
 1 1 NOT
ALLOW
TRUTH TABLE : (SR FLIP FLOP)
Pin 6 Output

Low Low High

Low High No chang

High Low Not Valid

High High Low

WATER CONTROLLER TRUTH TABLE :
♦When Water Below LOWER LEVEL :

Comparator 1 = high
Comparator 2 = Low

SR FLIP FLOP = SET (1), Q bar ( OUTPUT ) = Low (DRIVES THE

RELAY)

♦When Water Level Reaches UPPER LEVEL:

Comparator 1= Low
Comparator 2= High

SR FLIP FLOP = RESET (0), Q. bar (OUTPUT) =High ( RELAY OFF)

WORKING ANALYSIS:

UPPER LEVEL
(PIN 2)

LOWER LEVEL
(PIN 6|

MOTOR SWITCHES "ON"

MOTOR SWITCHES "OFF"
RELAY : An Electromagnetic Switch
Relay Open :

NC contact

NO contact

Common - Normally closed (NC)

Relay Closed :

Common - Normally open (NO)

LIST OF COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
COMPONENTS PARTICULARS

IC NE555

IC-BASE 8 PIN
RESISTORS IM ,10K

CAPACITORS luF, O.OluF

DIODE 1N4007

TRANSISTOR BC548,SL100
GENERALPCB 2*3 INCH

DC JACK FEMALE
12V ADAPTER SMPS

PCB RELAY 12 V
QU
AN
TIT
Y

2,2

1,1
1

1,1
1
1

1
An Astable Circuit has no stable state - hence the name "astable". The
output continually switches state between high and low without any
intervention from the user, called a 'square' wave.
This type of circuit could be used to give a mechanism intermittent
motion by switching a motor on and off at regular intervals. It can also
be used to flash lamps and LEDs, and is useful as a 'clock' pulse for
other digital ICs and circuits.

ov
A Monostable Circuit produces one pulse of a set length in response to
a trigger input such as a push button. The output of the circuit stays in
the low state until there is a trigger input, hence the name
"monostable" meaning "one stable state

Input (pin 2)
Input
O.lnF
ov 6 555 3 Output
Output (pin 3)
A Bistable Mode or a Schmitt Trigger, has two stable states, high and
low. Taking the Trigger input low makes the output of the circuit go
into the high state. Taking the Reset input low makes the output of
the circuit go into the low state. A push button would be placed at
each end of the track so that when one is hit by the train, it will either
trigger or reset the bistable.

F—H Trigger Button Pressed

p—H Reset Button Pressed

Trigger
Button
ov
Output (pin 3)