eX, Math 4 Name_|G E / _ U8 L3 [2 Arithmetic and Geometric Series In this investigation, you will be working towards the following learning goals. I can evaluate arithmetic or geometric series Ican solve problems involving arithmetic and geometric sequences and series z Review: a. Given the sequence x, ={2, 3, 5, 9, 14}, find }° x, ararstqa lY =| 33 b. Given the sequence y, = {1, 3, 7, 4,12, 10, 16}, find )° y, isqeED ‘A series is the sum of all or part ofa sequence. A series is represented symbolically as follows: ‘a sequence, then the series (sum) is represented S, = )°x, If the number of terms added is finite, then the term is (not surprisingly) called a finite series. If the number of terms added is infinite, the resulting series is called an infinite series. If the terms are in an arithmetic sequence, then the series is an arithmetic series. In certain cases, that you can add an infinite (never ending) number of terms in an series and find the sum. Think about that — this is exciting mathematics! The story of third grader Carl Gauss Time for a short video! Formula for the sum of an Arithmetic Series: + Example 1 Find the sum of the following arithmetic sequence: Os, 59} 542 2Hln-\d 5,47 B(ars4) =(Clo n+20 Example 2 — Evaluate the following: D2" + IBa72u S72 (AP 20) = [82 a Example 3 — Evaluate the following: yen 1@ 1 Bs Gy, a0] Sterns : =~” 6737 4,5 Il So (srt) -@5)Kall sequences are aubwrehe w/e Te rchens tat gentea le Use the above formulas to find the sum of the following arithmetic sequences: Mrmr Gre linear 1. {20, 18, 16, 14, .., -4} 2. {60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35,..., 0} -Y=dOr -(n-1) 0=@04+-S(n->) np n= 213 D3 3 (90-4) = JON) 54° Bloore) ~ Bite ) Find the indicated sum of the following arithmetic series: 3. Y(2n4t) 4 ¥(5n-2) a, = 201 = S a= St)-2 23 Gg = 4SyI= 11 a,= Ste 33 number of Forms = 5 number of toms = 7 see SM BSD 3/318) =|) 5. Sn 6. Los) Gi 34624 ae] aye More 94 G ‘ 294 numeraf tems = 16 Ge number F tems? F64 S7 & (4424) =po4 ) Sean? Ba (\4@)= 184 Wo DH ) pa 7. To build up endurance, you start an exercise program in which you exercised 30 minutes the first day, 34 the next day, 38 minutes the third day, 42 minutes the fourth day, and so on, each day extending your exercise time by 4 minutes. If you continue at this rate, ending at 2 hours and 30 minutes, what is the total time you spend exercising? ISo=30 84) | 5, ~ 2 (211) n-sl | 55 =O)Much like the sum of an arithmetic sequence is called an arithmetic series, a geometric series is the sum ofa geometric sequence. The sum, S, , of the first n terms ofa the sequence is called the n" partial sum, and is written S, = )°(g,-r""). Notice that the part in the parenthesis is simply the formula for a geometric sequence, and the sigma tells us to sum the terms. Just as there is a formula for an arithmetic series, there is a form for a geometric series. The sum S, = g,+8,+...+8, of the finite geometric series with first term g, and constant ratio #1 is given by: g,(I-r") Ir (g, = starting term) Example4 — Evaluate Ex(t) . Start by identifying the following: Iz(1-G) 5, (Gy) [26.963 1-@) Example — How many terms of the geometric sequence g, = 8-3" will be needed so that the sum of the sequence (geometric series) is 2125760? (5. s:3'=8/ g eUI- x) 31AS760 = =~ > F31440 =[-3" ~ SH 4Y[ 2-3" ~4A5IR2DO= $(J-3" : d= $(1-3") 5314423" & Evaluate ¥3(2)" 9. Evaluate Sov0( 3)” oy Ned : 42° 2(2)' =6 4075 7 2 n (4- »)* i n= Wo Cee lopehie sequent Feed aa irons”) 1-0.4 }Xo10. A classic children’s toy are stackable cups. The cups are made so that the cups will fit successively one inside the next (see picture below). In order to the cups to stack properly, each cup must bed = the height of the taller cup. If the height of the tallest cup is 10 em, what is the ed combined height of all the cups (there are 7 cups total). = 47 yer. _wt-()) = n=l lo™ |-d S —_ ») i = 5 519 2 39.5¢ 11, The maximum number of natural (biological) ancestors that you could have are 2 parents, 4 grandparents, 8 great-grandparents, and so on. Assuming that no one appears twice in your ancestral tree, in the last n generations you have S, natural ancestors, where §,=244+8+...+2", How many generations must you go back before you have a million natural ancestors, assuming that no gne appears twice? n / (1+ |Oo0000 = a 0) We 1G.9% —?o _ iy te - J0000 = = 20-0") /1% genie rns | -cdoo0n = 1-3" -5So001= - (2° 00001 = 2” tog, So000l= 12, Find the partial sum “ee series: {s00s00+200+... 35) - goo (4) 6 = €00( | - ayy 4 e Ss . er -) | / te Gaylooy Se \5, = 159%9.9107 J \ Ou : (Fea0)7 | L | Oa 5 9500 ) \ n=\\ i)13. Find the partial sum of the following series: {3+6+9+...+78} 162BE Bn) | N=de 14, Find the following partial sums: a oor) b (0 m) c 90") + 0.9: 7.9} |9#0.9 +0.09+0.00 [T4994 9) | 4) 0.0004 + 0.00004 = 14.997999979 |1-99999 ) A series in which we sum the terms from | tos is called an infinite series. The sumS,, of the infinite series "a, is the limit of the sequence of partial sums S, of the series, provided the limit exists and is finite. What this definition means is that the sum of an infinite series is the limit of the infinite series, If lim S, exists, then the series is convergent and its sum is S,,. Ifthe limit does not exist, then the series is divergent. Theorem: Consider the infinite geometric series g,+gyr-+gyr?-+..+g\r"" +... with g, #0. a. If ri< 1, the series converges and S, = 8 b. If |r 1, the series diverges.Decide if the following infinite geometric series converge or diverge. If they converge, find the sum. ie! \ Convtaps r {eed deten} f-2 15. fistebedac} Ct 4°16" 64 a) ep | _ Y | 3) ws S63) 01> Hy / converges 19, Because of air resistance, the length of each swing of a certain pendulum is 95% of the length of the previous swing. If the first swing has a length of 40 cm, find the total length the pendulum will swing before coming to rest. 4O = 1-095