S3EN SCIENCE

Our Living Earth

Characteristics of living things
and classification systems
Lesson 1 Living organisms
Lesson 2 Cell theory
Lesson 3 Classification system
Lesson 4 The five Kingdoms
Herbarium
Lesson 1. Living organisms
Copy your answers in the padlet: https://padlet.com/mmeduquesne/s3en-environment-
uta9878cpnnkfcx7
Write +1 if your answer is already written
Key points
All living things….
• detect changes in their environment and respond to them.
• grow and develop.
• are capable of reproduction, the process by which living things give
rise to offspring.
• can maintain a constant internal environment through homeostasis.
• require energy to produce work.
• are built of cells. A cell is the basic unit of the structure and function
of living things.
Key points
All living things….
• detect changes in their environment and respond to them.
• grow and develop.
• are capable of reproduction, the process by which living things give
rise to offspring.
• can maintain a constant internal environment through homeostasis.
• require energy to produce work.
• are built of cells. A cell is the basic unit of the structure and function
of living things.
Lesson 2. The cell theory
The cell
The basic building blocks of life

30 trillion in the human body

Cells observation

How to use a microscope? How to make a scientific

drawing?
Scientific drawing
X 400
How do you
calculate
magnification when
you observe cells
with a microscope?
Image size: 24 mm
Magnification : x 10 x 40 = 400

What is the real size?

The onion cell should be approximately 0.2 mm

Cells observations
Cells are the smallest common denominator of life.
Some cells are organisms unto themselves; others are part of multicellular
organisms. Cells can be placed in two major categories: eukaryotes (with a
nucleus) and prokaryotes (without a nucleus).
Though they are small, cells have evolved into a wide variety of shapes and
sizes. Animal and plant cells differ, and they have similarities. Nucleus, cell
membrane, cytoplasm, and mitochondria are four cell components found in
both animal and plant cells. Chloroplasts, vacuole, and cell wall are only
found in plants cells; they use chloroplasts to make photosynthesis.
Together, the cells form tissues that themselves form organs and eventually
entire organisms.
Cells observations
Cells are the smallest common denominator of life.
Some cells are organisms unto themselves; others are part of multicellular
organisms. Cells can be placed in two major categories: eukaryotes (with a
nucleus) and prokaryotes (without a nucleus).
Though they are small, cells have evolved into a wide variety of shapes and
sizes. Animal and plant cells differ, and they have similarities. Nucleus, cell
membrane, cytoplasm, and mitochondria are four cell components found in
both animal and plant cells. Chloroplasts, vacuole, and cell wall are only
found in plants cells; they use chloroplasts to make photosynthesis.
Together, the cells form tissues that themselves form organs and eventually
entire organisms.
Label the cells
https://labaids.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/sgi-sims/cell/index.html
Warm up: label the cell
The cell theory
A theory is a proposed explanation that has been extensively tested
and is based on many observations.

Video: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-wacky-history-of-cell-theory
Questions (see the worksheet)
Louis Pasteur swan neck experiment 1859
Key points
Cell theory states:
• All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
• The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.
• All cells come from pre-existing cells.
TODAY
• Observe the other cells and finish the 2 drawings
• Show your best observation to Louise ( 1 per group)
• Complete the worksheet

When you are done, practice on:

1. Label the cells: https://labaids.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/sgi-
sims/cell/index.html
2. Blooket:
https://dashboard.blooket.com/set/6341aa788232e3c68dbec236
Lesson's take away
Cell theory states:
• All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
• The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.
• All cells come from pre-existing cells.
 Lesson 3. Classification system
Why and how are organisms grouped?
• Sheep
• Cow
• Cat
• Dolphin
• Goldfish
• Shark
• Turtle
• Pig
Place these animals into 2 groups,
Using a criteria of your choice
Intro video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVouQRAKxYo
The importance of having one classification system?

-Local / common names

-Repeated names These beetles all have the same name; June bug

-Different languages
Gufo (Italien), hibou (French), buho (Spanish); Owls:
 Carl Linnaeus
https://youtu.be/Gb_IO-SzLgk

• Grouped animals by their

relationship to one another
• He linked behavior and
appearance
• Gave each animal 2 names
(binomial system)
• Genus & species
TAXONOMY OF ORGANISMS

How to remember the order

of taxonomy in biology?

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Find your own mnemonic!

1. According to the chart ABOVE which critters are most closely related?
I & III Share everything until the genus stage
2. According to the chart ABOVE which critters are most DISTALLY related?
Ii and the rest II doesn’t have the same family as the rest

3. According to the chart ABOVE which critters have the most genes in common?
I & III
1. At which level of classification would you first describe differences between a lion and a
cat?
Species level
2. The first level of classification that would differentiate a cat from a dog is?
Family level
3. What is the lowest classification level at which structural similarities between a cat and
a catbird can be described? Phylum level

4. A Lion and a dog are similar in some structures. What is the lowest level at which these
similarities can be described?
Order level
Key points
Eukaryotes, prokaryotes
Unicellular, multicellular
Autotroph, Heterotroph