Ex/M.Sc/M/1.

5/32/2016
MAST ER OF Sea E
ENCE ◄ XAMINATIO N, 20] 6
(1st Year, 1st Semester)
MATHEMATICS
Unit- 1.5
(Differential Geometry)
Full Marks : 50 Tune : Two Hours

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Notations and Symbols have their usual meanings.

Answer any five questions.

1. State and prove Meusnier's theorem. Hence obtain the

expression for normal curvature k( n) of a surface.

Also prove that k

2
= k2(g) + k2(n). 2+4+1+3

2. (a) Establish Weingarten formula and establish a relation

between coefficient of third fundamental form \Vith
coefficient of first and second fundamental fonns. 7

2
(b) Prove that a 0 0ccx p = 4H - 2K. 3

l 04/7 ~ - UVi
 l 2 J
--an
" , ) L-'ind the
' ,a
me, clll-vature of the surface right helicoid given
.
i )
-. by r == (u cos v, u sin v, ~v where c is a constant.
lnterpret the result gemn etncally. 6+1

. 8µ; b~l./ _ 2 2
(b) Prove that g lJ.. - --
8s 8s k + t · 3

4. Establish Serret-Frenet formulae in space for curvilinear

coordinate system. Hence find the condition for a space
curve to be a plane curve.
8+2

5. (a) If AiJ 1s a skew -sym met ric tens or, show that

Ajk{;k}=Q 3

(b) Prove that A; . =1 a

,, Jg-axk
- (JggA k)

where g= \gij\ * 0. Wha t is the geom etric al

interpretation of it ? 5

(c) Prove that [ii, k] +[lg, i] = Bg;k . 2

ax 1
 [ 3 ]
1

6 _ (a) If 11 and v' are orthogonal unit vectors then show that

h . . k
( ghj g ki - g hk gji ) u v'u 1 v · == 1.
3

(b) Prove that for Bertrand curves, angle between two

tangent vectors is constant.
3

(c) Show that in cylindrical coordinates, the contravariant

n
vectors A= ( 0, 1, 2bx 2 ) and B = ( 0, -2bx 2 , ( x 1
are orthogonal .. 4

7. (a) Obtain the equation of glodesic on a surface, considering

arc length s as a parameter. 8

. Bf h 1· sealar
(b) Show that - . is a covarient vector, w ere 1s a
ax'
function 2

l<J4/7~ - I X~
 E x/M .Sc/M/1.5/32/2017
MASTE R OF S CIENCE EXAM INATION, 20J 7

(1st Year, 1st Semester)

MATITEMATJ( 'S
Unit- 1.5
(Diffcrential Geometry)
FuJ l ~1arks : 50 Tune : Two Hours

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Notations and Symbols have their usual meanings.

Answer any five questions.

1. (a) Find the differential equations of the geodesic for the

surface whose first fundamenta l form 1s
2 2 2
ds 2 = (du ) + (sin u ) ( dv ) .

(b) Prove that if Ai and Bi are components of two parallel

vector fields, then they are inclined at a constant angle.
6+4

2. (a) Prove that the parametric curves on a surface given by

· ·
x 1 = c sin u cos v, x 2 = c sin 1
11 sin ,.. x· = c ros 11 a re

orthogonal. I Jenee find the Gaus~inn (lirYaturc of this

surfucc.

[ Turn o,·,'r l
◄J~ I 2<J
 [2]
(b) Find the number of independent components of g .
I) .

(3+4)+3

3. (a) Define developable surface. Check whether the surface

1
defined by x = .fi (u I ) , x 2 = / 2 ( u 1), x3 = u2 15

developable or not.

(b) If 0 is the angle between the parametric curves lying

on a surface immersed in E3 , then show that:

sin0 = ✓ Fa , where a= \aapl (1 +4)+5

a11 a22

4. (a) Establish Frenet formulae on a surface.

i }
(b) Prove that { i j
a (tog.Jg),
= axj g =lg/ii* O
5+5

5. (a) Define helix. Establish the relation between curvature and

torsion of a helix.

(b) Show that the intrinsic derivatives of the fundamental

tensors and the kronecker delta are zero. (1 +5)+4

6. (a) Prove that for Bertrand mates, the curvature and torsion
are related by the relation ak + bt = 1.
 [ 3 ]

(b) Check whether in V 4 , with line element

ds
2
=-(dx )2 -(d.x )2 -(d.x )2 +c (d.x
1 2 3 2 4
r
the vector

( - 1, 0, 0, : ) is a null vector or not. 7+3

7. (a) Obtain the expression of second fundamental form for

a surface and calculate it for the surface given by

r=(ucosv, usinv, cv).

(b) Prove that Rijk + RJki + R:b = 0 . What is the name

of this identity ? 7+3
 Ex/M.Sc/M/1.5/32/2018

N, 2018
MA ST ER OF SC IEN CE EXAMINATIO

(1st Year, 1st Semester)

MATHEMATICS
Un it- 1.5

(Differential Geometry)

Full Marks : 50 Time : Two Hours

marks.
The figures in the margin indicate ful l

All symbols have their usual meanings.

Answer an yfi ve questions.

ve cto r to the cu rve

I. (a) Sh ow tha t the un it tan ge nt
ere 's' is the
xi = xi ( s) is a co ntr avariant vector, wh
arclength parameter.

h'
(b) Prove that ( ghJ Kik - Kh k giJ ) g y =(n-l)g,.k ·

b A1Ai •
(,c) Assume <p = ap, A1. AIr. , then show that (l) = Jk

3+3+4
where b.ik is symrnetric part of aJk .
 [2]
Einstein space. Show that for a b·
2. (a) Define an r n cinsteu,
dimension n > 2 , R;.1 = - g i.i, where ,. .
space Of n is the
ature of the space.
s ar Curv
cal

(b) If A; are the components of a covariant vector, find the

expression of Ai, J · 4-t-6

3_ State and prove Meusnier's theorem. Hence obtain the

expression for nonnal curvature K( n) of a surface.

Also, prove that K 2 = K(g)

2 K2
+ (n) • 2+4+1+3

4. (a) Calculate the second fundamental form for the right

helicoid given by

r = ( ucosv, usin v, bv),

b is a constant.

(b) Establish Codazzi equation for a surface. Derive the

independent Codazzi equations. 5+5

5·
(a) If for a surface x' -_ I 2 2 4u'u 2•
U +u , X = U 1 -U 2 , X
J _
-
then find its fi1 .st. c. .
r 1 undamentaJ form. Is the curv1.110 ~
41'.]f

COOrdinate ~0-.
h'
~J.,~rn orthogonal on this surface ? JustJ!J•
0
 [3]
Prove that
.an curvature K of a surface.
Define Gauss1
. bein g the scalar curvature of the surface.
(b) rj
K== -1 2' I

the differential equations of geodesic on a

. (a) Deduce
6
surface.

e the condition for a surface to be developable with

(b) Writ
8+2
justifica tion.

Establish W einga rten fonn ula for a surface. Hence define

7. (a)
am en tal fo rm of a su rface. A lso find the
the third fund
of third fund am en tal fo rm in terms of
coefficient
coefficient of first and second fu
ndamental fonn.

ov e that C - 2H B + KA = 0, where the symbols have

(b) Pr
their usual meam·ng. 4+ 1+ 1+4
 Ex./M.Sc./l JNI r - 1.5/2020

~JASTER OF SCIENCE EXAMINATION, 2020

( l st Ycar, l st s~n1cst.cr)
MATIIEMATICS
Differential Geometry
Unit: 1.5
rime : Two hours Full Marks : 50

The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

(Symbols/Notations have their usual meanings)

Answer any fiv e que stio ns.

1. (a) If a ..lj * 0 are components of a covariant tensor of

n
ran k 2 and if the equ atio n fa lj.. + gaJI.. = 0 hol ds, the
or
pro ve tha t eith er f = g and a ..IJ is ske w sym me tric
f = - g and a ..lJ is symmetric.
(b) Le t A(i, j, k) be a 3-i nde x system of fun
ctions of
1)
the coo rdi nat e variables. If for an arbitrary ( L
,I)
ten sor B~ the expression { A(i ,j, k) B~ is a(2
ten s O r, the n Sh ow tha t A( i ,j, k) is als o :1 ( ~ , l )
4 l-6
tensor.

(Tu rn ( )v~r )
 (2)

2. (a) Find the angle between the vectors (contra .

variant)
(- l ,0,0,0) and {ff,, 0, 0, J31- ) c being a constan,t
in a space with the rnetric gi vcn by ds 2== - ( dx If -
(dx 2Y~ - (dx 3) 2 + c 2( dx 4) 2.

(b) For the metric ds 2 == (dx 1) 2 + [(x 2) 2 - (x 1) 2](dx2)2

evaluate the second kind of Christoffel symbols.
4+6

(b) Find the covariant derivative of a covariant vector

whose component s are Ai with respect to xJ. 4+6 _

4. (a) Define an Einstein space. Show that for an Einstein

space of dimension n > 2, RiJ = : giJ , where r is

the scalar curvature of the space. 8

(b) Prove that for a space curve

I>"'
'Ji_ == - kJ/ + ry' 1+3 +6
<'>'s
 (3)

s. (a) If Ai and Bi are components of two contra va ri ant

vectors of constant magnitude and undergo parall el
displacements along a gi vcn curve, then show that
they are inclined at a constant angle.
(b) Deduce the differential equations of geodesic on a
surface when arc length is the parameter. 3+ 7

6. (a) For a sphere of radius c with the parametric

equation x 1 == c sin u cos v, x 2 == c sin u sinv,
x3 == c cos u, show that the Gaussian curvature K is
given by K = fci . 7

(b) Show that the surface defined by x 1 == f 1( u 1), x 2 ==

f 2 (u 1), x 3 == u 2 is devlopable, where f 1, f 2 are
differentiable functions. 5+5

7. (a) Establish Weingartin formula for a surface and

hence deduce third fundamental form of th e
surface.
(b) State and prove Meusnier 's theor e n1 for a
surface. 6 f-4

- -- X - -