Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ZGEA Module 6
ZGEA Module 6
.L89>,IJ2;KH*7-;4G>>8>N'3IG.->&)56J;NN2J68L7;O
H%NKG:0K/+N-LG6.;O<;*..JI;%8<1FI:92(=+G175,21.O837&N'
NLNO,*0H83G'
6M5O6
4K
3*1;6J2OI.I63%>L8,M48'F0OM6/%GGL=51:*&)N'M,9-K-%994++I+G<:9
,<57I(N--2'O:4>;&8'
GL.=(15:92-><<H=.)/;;1F..-I/&G/&)I+:.)8OM*8=+9>J<(IN+N<OO2>,,%>.
-'(8LK>:OJ)2N=F',0):.-O<<+>:*<O4/=KOL+>;9>;N'85:
MH26-.>2H2-9IJHMK(+M17=I
8F8JII2-3*-0794>9:0ILF<7&8J4'MFF>8+OO'JLN9/
-F%<FGF<N<N611/.%9>)G15*76942I44,
1',9H-L=MKJIHM(>5N2.N=;)(J6;&0%J>5('O.'+50>55O7G5/49H;JH7;JK
;5+7*;4,&20;,4
MJ:=NN7N
9,J(M'+
N:+)6:,0K==LK;(9.N1O
6%.0(L7G</I)
+G-/L;7;/+9(17LK91:J:+%F;JFN*//KM90(.9KI9'M';&/&K59<%0L3N
O=,:N%<=:&:<<J/6&'F:1&5/8O=3>*,M146J;FI7H:F799I12FJ2
>%78%M:*I8M-K61K3&0*;9141%/G/*GG<9*IO+9>/NG<,N8/F8594;*;N1(1
2N<OK0%7/;+(IHH=6MJMN:*H+*I+<LL,7-2>6),J=N+,8:<J>J'9LON472L4H.6O
L=<)(36::>>N5=I5.-/27
7JF=KIH+%=,H;9+>'&M';;5K:*7>M0N+J(838'-L9
O4682OG21M-800-(+G9N=>&&/-+F+-GO((65)I;H6*7035/6)<GG3%28O=68I<1)
NK+I=)OG3G=%/8.4<<O5F9IJ-F;,&48+%;3(GH=+M>7M%*IL;0(=2F6
2LG'KG0N/9-,6I=M5N2>+)N)';M2)-K3/.6O,F13G4,2O;094;IKF68%K)MH-H%7>+
O74;/<)84FL&<GF<*4-5I/L**2'H-2310<GF0(N<<,FHO'392&>'I<+J
FJI8<3:K>(,<:.*2HJ6=
%:+<<0L&,*9J+I*;'L-L1M(9
)2H='6:O.75I6M%2G-J-=*(N0F%79(7GO82*M*>L
>N5;8.K>,MI6G%;8J7NJ6M*M62&G.%5
FFOF*>1KIG6,4F<ML4F3J59>;2,4*8&.I%6>N9,76.<7;O+613<=G,6M5F-%/I.46
2N3%J(<%'JLKKHMJ;N1/MI9J*II(':HK6>L3FIM*
(<
&1.F(.8K15.>)JG40/.+J2,M5%13>H&=:51/1;.OM0M6H&IM)NNI,%&<+1
5'+L&,7I+H>>%.O4H021,'O62F(6.:)N-MN+6H6<&+*N;.KF/3)O7LHKM&O
M12=5=>4431N:%9-F>%9LM(2I;
K:
G1;*7590L6.G93(J,&:F;%0F6FFGH6:.05H(N:,,4M>3.J&I/4'&;+
0+O+39<%K6
KF
6:,=5H;8)94M7:(+:63G:9-/J:4/:+
:+0L=<*<3-%('G9I%N630H)%(O'6+4>09N&,<M4>M)=;2;>I,<KH>.++>O.1(2
.;>/6N2<7366F5H.<,N7+0=I
1''+
+8H2G4;10<%-I5<15I>1<+5,9/H8>9'+NLNLH73.8==22.;,3;;N6<)J2N9:L1
:2
/<.>82(*24K-MO9
&4K*'N3=''K<6G*1LFHL1:=;L<940M9HHKH6N(4JLF%,,J81)2G.M23
L>4-'0M=2K%'=L-3'<8*-&25<'<79'(''3%<I06-
O&2>FI7,1
,,+KOO)H
KH6+
1FMO:'5&>1KM/.N;J9G
(7/
>2L
;)4%K3/F8M
.K>9F%1>:I>N.'5JOFM408F965=1)%2H(9M+5M/0=%NN4+,-0
<01*O5;>+90M('JM'4)4K(=19'-M8<;%;*'+&<)>F:G4%0FJL%GI5:NIIF0-<98
H=:+>'MG6&K,/:2I*(O7
K&=/%)F30I9:G;&LFN09)**'L'(.8N(L-L64*MK5.:H73-LN<72OJ=3F4H%GI/'/,L
I882=J2&-G-.;-+J.H+N,H8(NO8N+5LM48)8()438'M0<
);LI:9/'2L:&MM7M3G=3'+%120').%38I:1M<+;>&L8(6O9420>(N887,(&-6+JJ7*+.
5(-%F
6*K6G8(-,M1IGJ+G3'&6.>(0/%9&,%LF7%(&%')L:G:;&.72%>2I+*,18FN*9/0/3/NI3.
%)12'K206.1<H(<',/&5:M>=.<<F1O40I>G.<HJ:5
O'5M0
/6G+3:471:M+H
/-5JH3&JN=
O27.'*6*F2G32*<J45OIO72I43G-
M(<O(,6G/-;
>0;+<,.OM2,&O.';
/L>.73+2,M=82;11-*.J>*4O
;(&N1=&/7L1-O4&06)-02'NG5>12=%,*(:2H9N'F5J1-+3
'(&3(%%5H521**0-.+;I
5NH..
0&30%172M='J9)6,),>>)GL.1%;=7F-,9J=F0HO*8:)FL3%K&OJ*6%5>%GG
<87MMOOO<0<JNOMG87'K(6,030%&%G0<2255</KKL=%N'L*6-M94;J=='>
;8.0M3594&G/-0;,53ON>,L<2J0
:FJ93<M;IF+,,1OI(1
,.F46K</IIMH91:&N
JO5+L(KM0
J-I-;<5F;L&F'<6,*
6I;>M9)*/;*JIH<F0>9(76<=51M*
&':3-&+5=<9J*19IFM'&>L0=FM*41)I6+4*,1+=
K;3GK'I9N0K.,O:<
/ML>+4J)0345J/69H3;.J%,;*O:7O0GL(35L
H72=81</NH,+L5N,.GII2)>H1*O15+9=8'6;K48/M%K6KL=<=<O)6L1*07.*:
).LL36&+/5FFJJMH17I
/%4/66L;9%6(:M0N)74G<*N)4:-8-F9L=1
3%K9I
69
89
><LJ,N).
=O;M=/L1:8KKO=,L8951-N-'
G/OJ)9);4I8&'4N62./.<(.37)<,G9,-(J+/4;2%1OF6/:I
-72MF+9*((G7
+>=;527G0K:KI,L+01.L%=N12I(ON822/+1M1->7K*
4-+2<OK)842'=F%+755MK+=;9*7;8>)7=..F'FH9>FG:0>GG%:%L<JH.</.
GO)N-N.;>*8F)6+'>,/1(2K*,'G<%&+F;%-0/()453JLI-8((,<-HI(2K0*H>OJ,
227NO>+&5N/6G;19<73208=2J>I%468&H18;HG'N16F1+I0I<7)(>*3G/4K<+7);O<
(.71/7I1'8J%LH,M<KIJ
<NL8L=>(4=>4;=5G-MII2O1,+5//40/76;%7F/6%405O(.5*>O0OO*;.K&M,1;.=G*I
%<M;FI)L)L;&L9;8F97K5ON+J.N>9->'0+G5<M%(F+9H9HH&L.564<>8-(;)I&;F*
7=*9
493'%-&*5+'I&27,43.K<%4O),K
G&2HF.9)1G0(FM'')5+<H0)1II%*0728+=)+<*1(:5;96:>N'L,*7.06'0G++NKO,
>9+9K>)GJL64%/G1JJLM3N+J6::M0,%/'
59>0'%N/K*>00(9<4(>I.4O(G20FL
(7
8FO%O24-K;7IKF6I/O<4*>4'9K%>40M0()JL(J(744M+6M1J,0);33%:='
2MM-2)8I4O.-/O6<I%=38HFMF0F48M6/N>84+-F2<>%;4.84GL
+>G:MO*F8/('9+N:=&'*;%*-<;'*
<(O,;F9N,./:J3
9/5O:+N158<:01%
&8%FH6
'G6-H6,-'58F2MF(-245&8=6951+NK<(=N&13
%)KJM6)-33&)L+8OI
/1*KL+9/J3I3;7,624%6MF9%LFK-,;%&<33*/O6:&M-%.04-=53-K(/3=N%3J+
*H5F9
M8<=/2IOHMI,
J6>L/8.:/2>:J>*%O/74LFGGF-O'M);
;9488L*
=2LK>9+5,F'7;)/'
%)=*89:9F5N=38L>)'%.2=F1(3'-<.%-
5<'N0<O
55M.)1.6:(>15'O6=63-O/H4K57JG>)K5;
J8-3)J+4>>-K44</*J*M8504+L
>(M044>>G>%J.H9>.L5-06+18L+K0I2(+%;+&.(G&>FL)3)M)8J<5G%/)%L+.9(<)2
0+&3+
F*I5F'17K08JKN<6%I2%-
+5:M&5LM.&*G''5OIH-(7=6&I-F+/)6;I7861K8:K;F=GK*&G//I'F42;K7=,9J*+LI
%+/20I*;OM*,-H4I<&230558N<1<75),<<J/&I'+.700KOOI'7-4=N&<7/.)I1
%NF)O968)K88F%F40KO,9J79G20-.F)8+L*(;<%,443*&G5O4&+&-&HJ0K.K(
G5-639MHH'IN5+I:<'/(J0K7<'&57M=(2
J;88M3+J*.&F/+N*F64*,0>%FOOO0/-FM&L>630'I:+
,&=%+M(/+03(='%<&+*/L(/;+F/2*K46O7*3N+FH54O1L8%7
>O6
H;N9<3O86O-M(*F&>K0/*
N01&9&><4NG5LJI/1>6,<53&48)F5>8.=,,<4&<2.4'+F-7>34(8.,).173LH)8
JL;K9N/1/:G<IH0(H-FH'&.4-*;&
0K<)H01,(H06JL+MH9-1*)L
*7O1.3M49+./K:/+27O='K>2:*=6LH)K%L4M=>*6:96N,5-/L+:19.K2F,6,-4
,<G19)*>9G5:.0:H08/O79>9'&&<
2L;,I(+17N-'46J
>O19=KJ%->6/.NGH+%JH'>,3.-<0.3MF.2908H3.2I7G<I9H/'0<J4>6'97IIJ.0:
5)-%6F+
</'9<3*,NN>2%7*5LG+
+28==:K5012M,2(L4:,&G7=,>/HF-&5>*9:/10.&%I%HL*(9F+
M=F*'(N&H
N/&H)=F
F6KG('+H%05*/4-'FNK&GI09*(;*7G
1J1%4K35NJ61&JF'%MKOF0*106(,GONM4
O'K9(,71%J>4H(,N,%5-<:GH+/F
''.30'(&)':<<501--=M0+*5+;=*H>4)I:IFM+-N3H(,9<)>L0%+>//I(=9(J'LH=N8K
499.</.'K)1'+%5,-7M=J<GF.',%
F,1:=O%M+.KN*6O'29)%-I2N)J
&8G->&,/)42K452,F>JJ
'N:3:L>G)=GO64.:/:*'FG*%,&5L95'.J1/30OM%<,12M<57=%HHK,O-L,L
<-4K3HN7HMH6(LLK2G(%I65;4>L-I*=HK),()17+,M)H3206&N1:;L>0I21
)=>
:29'111>GI-9N+=&8J2I45K1)5F1&&.2N;)*IFJ.0''ILO-&6>6&GN5I261(H1FN
97G,K10J2O;*.'3.=-<6:)'H%&/8:%2>;=6>%'=46O91<%
J8)+=6>':JL&3M-F*-+;71G'<0
;>7>0=(.+2%&-7:N5&J/F9<1IOI1;8H*4MI2=K(F<1LFG*J7L*MNF%*G
&8&MO;5552>N+>0>7<)2.*5*>.1-5,=7&N)*30(12-K167.*&34*1G>'IO3.O<'J4G
F,2%)3O0=J-K
29=M*MG>;9'(I:(8F*.>0G)4)F
H*-<-KI:I)H5,M.<<+>'58
/(+=J21J':6>&,)KO68:(0N';G0--I+G+93-,NM218
80I5-5
F.H;/4N/'/'*G./+K'G9%%9(5O'*.3
08/MM9205;&5MF/1N&3K,M3H/(04L;H7,GNL,I=JG&5<&8N.</O,F0)9+3
4GL*:-,5-H.0''(.++L<G4I=1G'6K>J(1)//J10-LN5H&
JI2H8(M)&K+IK*11%44'K60++N)'%FJF88)I15,5%,2H
'()K%N.;JF84<J;%),29)7O=3I2)M
61&4('06;%HJ:L
1&MN+..,J&>F'8,
N2G1)F.MIJ*,.M+-4;-L0J%,(+J3:(JG.F(96O%50:>G2<)0=,&<<4M*;'%=594
1LO6F6/GM
N'*;O92-5+J*'/&OH>0-
::1)&'8&=>7+><&,L7=3/69N04+>&,4*/1K-O5;H,K23(<88FJ&0346')&J+%541,
52
=H:(M3OG4N:7N76/.F=ION.+(=H
08;373KI=+HH,/J;K&%M41KO*M,28I693NO;=)N:57K%22<+/;'69*++MM84
>8&;>27O<>'3'I/:-,:1.29I*2<7>N9,F3:.6=,(N>2*-*G),8%
FL:73)I8
13
6N7%4*<90N1**FJ7=GIJ&OJ=/
>/,F
JF&+.<G,*,2HM:)%'=H3,J52-,:>9=49,G2L4<8//N/K93F8(
*(4,93)-/9&21F-4-*I=6:K056(H.6;I(K(><;;8<14:I:6'2:,(9.;&O3/
5%31H2(NO5=-/)10;41F6
803<.-0:+J*1,JF
%+.N)(6<+IOH;1KN,+8K1==L3.;='+;-9I9/N=J79H*(<H)(:
G<;K5L+*+(*M99-13/>'K&2L(=,6+62);H4*N
<9J9J/:L9(
H%2L<1>,>4>:3(1(>'.FFF6+(,K0+,24&LG/F+
2HK.7K9-5&335=048NHO%:3099OH8:-30M/7<9/&4,(3'>)16
8K2<8::OM;3%9/N480&/&-M5*9=)G(9(,>5G,:)F'K5'J%J)L=5,=J7=)(84/0>;
>'++J4(N3:15OK
+50=.)'I;;O=K4J<;.6
1H*;>4I4I/G63<G(3K30II7O8L%N(K:7KJ4((=J*,6*7-0N5M,
>HHO+L,-4
8822NF,,<G)<*,>MG7+>2-K=J*N69>5,JK%G6
%85-0
(1M2OFMO,9;(&'%)L';7+::I&
F-1)4N88K%<&>(*0H2,M;>):-O<94:HO0%<.%(=8LF+O4O,F>*N2:>2=G50/1:
:NH9LMJ6>>7);M40K0
F0-J<OO.=M6N3:
)/4(58OMH,'I1KLJM'88.':JF12.17M'+0O
)70KF:
F&*9I:H6L88..*/;H':I>M;2+4042)
,<N<HO(L7I+-4O%1NII+O)59+,J
4HIK1N+7(5%/51.'1+&0I5I-;=GO+4H4K9K+,*JJF)I/<'%7/.F7<
H-F6O&)-
/-H0'F7-)(1J:>5&-%6;50IJ2<
,+,:F05(KM:N/'684F0N7L2.5F%/N6KM+:F,85,8,KH;'7&2<);F=.H&IN7+
1GK)<*30>K
7;,0;'86&J6;G3<'O,H*'4GM)G:,&I(-546G2O7F<-
I(+O>HN0N7%6*-',4)
JL14<%L;7K8)+;;I6*%2+,JJ/N,%+38)I*4%KKL7I*3;+I/27&F+GO8(6%8+
6G*L-1.H::16+73-/F9F6KO%KL75+3.
JMN%H&
4-KGO32.-F4&)HF9I4%&4:13*G/N<-LM225
9)O&5M.*:;+93';(O(M9NMI'+G<M+MI6>5L9L7%&&L,I
8L
2G02M'0'0%=;.N%G1M19)((%F&2FHL0.<J.=6(H-HJ4:I/IH->LN;809=6<)
1F/K7=;*-GH7*81=9')J+42;G,2;M,/J/,48.6:9.GG)<JN-N:M3M3LM<5HHG())5
+-N</-+-<2-92K-63,H3I1NIH(/+'1-0=2:)
M,M'*4NO.0I-2O9983/HJ-J6>&=K)
/'J0OK>71.&'4+L
-+M
NN((7>8H4M;G<,::
J1FL46,GF*9*26>(-('
9+HLM2;6>%.-6>.*-:
=1K1&=&<'=M0M1/8O6%0
H;2J:3=5L55.L((
-<2FN6,3;3N:6;MM6/H,&6I9&&-K*5NJ5HN7+3+*NOG.*K*/%
F'%'GIL(:K<-22L;3)I50,L)07GIOO(5,GM5=HK%7LL.F..GK>N0+>&.L:-%N
:;JJ(5*>F5F'J:J,(OM8:>%L<M*O+>>82;LJO&<7.NH(G-/.*;>33H>5%/:F
8FM5
G8)4/7>7&+*NF:
3*:FG&L=F2-M<N+=;H+GKIJ%9;1KL80124OF9J)%07*N&)(J6HHK(:/)=M=5./
K
)5GH+428(49=LG>O0J*F(%0OL+K:77
5/J>)/=(O<3<>F2K/,,KJ'*7/004'::J9GJM;8J1F/-
*/0097%,,+1N;%1O);K&L&&H67MM<2*1'F=&2(JM<*3J'7><
6)I2G--8*O;0ML08H0.J
)9)N<09
&*4O77><28
G8&IK=J>=<>5,/-5NM/&/+);G)LI=7<O'7-9(O2/FL3
/)6(',J%.3'.1):>O6I40
HH
<+II+-I-<NI2N6G122GH**;I;I//5(IM'<2;1,M)'J(2J7;*H5%F>1IKM-.K=+I+3>
)<.
O3'LI&0H%:1*F('MO.(-9IN>784-LG-9:=&8>6)%O49006,N*>;NGJ)7LJ)I(H7
**)=%L><'3&=8))G,).':M;-F9.NI3%;)=4*+4ON/=7/69HIJF.K93)7.821-,:,/M/+2*9>;
M1F9L<=<%5+G2I1.6&1>G312>='9;;FL>:836-FG(&+2&();:L(-O2*,2.)-LH+
*3HN--7;FI:F9H<.NFGO-51',K
I46&''J4*9.9K'JG%:J4<6H.O.L9/-N74FF1:K>L+>H9;&H/6
0><72G3&&)*
)F6+7=6
OHL53<%*G=-*7,MLJ'<,9+J*,56F%4F8HLII+J,19+=%G)1K8G.).8(F)IF>L2
5=-2G+OH2<.=%&N26<%/9+I88-
72H-,K&46&.%1=
3OK,.NMH41.K)II&
<4.5'L+5*G'M-:')G=K.9&IL65>
93OL%9<O&*GM6GI9&;O/64>-49(>+&.G4&84+1':J;&7*/*K<*5L&F>%KG
K:/
G==(:%3FK-M-+>L'4/O*8.-H0/6/'
8O86:7F&9/O2.>FKNF2<1NL6=O.'J;JJ>:OM;;O-/,+;NO=+3I&
1,17M547,8>K2)O4(J(8<O1H111654,)L))2-7*)5MN3%JJF;4NJH9+=,I*-5(
.J6+
+,,'40-<(=<I*F;J2%O/2NKHLO5+0L;964I;9'JH.K&HI%H252(
4H>>4L*%HKN2.&+)K5=I&NFLKLI=I3>&/:24GL)/.G3,);G0-
J=2<19NGJO&,&&98*K80MO&I-H,*81''':,5+G2FG-.0&;8'36*3%>%>92
O52(>,/L+()7,>'.1(L7H;>IN
/8GGKF0
M'067&'/IH7H<612-OG&&4:2I6-+:92G:%//21+%)
I)4*;8H/=
<N7M(%)-
<>O8;1/:<>HK+<91'G)8'43/)/J'8M6<6+G++*<:=*08KG1.8**F.%,LL4:G+3=1/I(
>
N00>O94M;%/.&2(J15+F-O**75=
F=OK.I/+G&N/,71*NM&&.NHHI565O(/+67;-'&.N&>J5)K%&J
GJO20H
;(,*(5L/03'4*NG'+J:,++)-'K),*K,
2;38F+IF/3
F*F3/*&;K,
;6I.KJ;7,7H.G.'O*:6.%+5&+
5JK:/
0(,,2-09M/O&.LN8=:39IN>M6O>3I()ONMNFG6)I:
6HM0/O484*JL':)5.;=H8F%
&'%27H7I-=044OMG6F7
,)O9=F,36'<304L3'%7(N)G
LJ091JOOF/6349:O)IF*;&&;>5F()F':O%/8I2717)NH0'K:
ML(=)'17.KJ'F;,&<0&.,MK=3H8(*2<O.%36>L9*/(-GH(;'3'K,06'>
NI*7()<+HH2H;&'<)027%H,=*2<0IO.:.<5(J2()M:OF-65>FJ(OL'6%G(HM<88
031239>H5=>K;J.'<6,(%0LL;H4+NO3)
+75,L+:>N*<H5HN%6N669%FI<,02K+0=-0J&O39=%L57:6KM>,2O6;&=,I5)'%=/7M-
)0%O5);-7/*O+:*(2G-,(H277*=L&M;LM(6)L3465JH*LKJF0((4>&9<=>
-&H),=3IH:3,F29+:7
)./&O&3-7G;*&I3I
*>5*F'8&H,<HG,34&GNJK6(O((9,
19&+/1(O9+%M:05)2&=M6
5351&N>63L;/7=O9,.>'6<;>ON0IKG('7;(5(
N/8,,6N+&:1-)9886LO0HLI
.*-4&801JG9)/3O;
8)/;K5.)K<;:345O';/5NJ)'64K+(5'=42<%%6J>/-L%1(-M';H7>)8HFF+OJ7M'I
0,I-H
=2N&O94+23(>K6M;;J%1L&*:I70&4)O0.FMO354*5N7IJ%%84GO-<9-23)(0&;N(>&
)L-,312%6;GH:4)N=G
FN-,/F3O:71=.:<)G<+6HJ
J65GL+1J4I8F=-89<L&
=K-J)1,G:.**=:6.%IFK5'0O&*G:<L::3M67%<0;K1I
FO86
/('G10HK0.52,.>04)M:+G95N(:M;)L48G2-8N%I=K7FJ).7O&L,*F>8K;,-
M<IG91/946-6KJ99:J==8F,J>4=:;J6F0,L)=
)IH'0:>MO04J.'6)&
IG>+/)N)O<.7G,J:69=(O=7,K.F66>26N<075M0-9)/5<0NL8*0L%3F-
;L.5)(
:I1G49M7=GI;6>*.*L7*3HNF=L/M/8L2I:.2OGH>(876<*55I-,G/K)F>7=K%.0
MO(N-KG*H)'L&)1:2)(+*65*;+%HJ6.<GLMKM9M80/>6;68:366+*><;J
:+L7<08>F-NO*2
=,6FJ,>;*-*,0.,%M'-990+5>->2-%':89%O7<>O=LO5
;'>ML0/G5LH/-NI=6NL*M&N595.I
47GI7H2-7I8K<:3;+,NON'O4-/'KI'J<;25L1%:3N>75)>J<F2/0;/J5'+KHK.:<=4%.
*+)0GLIH(''N-,L03I&>;K4FNF,+KO<%:NH0.7
O')'N(M/*7KIML.5.)GI7NL;0K2%3'8-9.HJ18'
'='44O0:5-(0O)1)OH270GLIJ331->
NO8M6&J0/,F10+9.31''NK.&6I3&
36H:)
:HG>I4H9=-'%G=7G2H&/%-=HI3I6-75+3M/'4.N/>N==J4O*K<G7(:)L,&2.'O
68*3:7->%(H/FG(O*+92J9.&%+<&I,H2
I)GN/.4942)L2F7.K=J%G1OM.*%3(;M%>4'9'
:L-660/%HM8>(LN(>3FOI97=N(*8;.6/+94N'1:*K+G1)
6F1F032%L95J77G9F:20&'/M,79/O06/3(5M-I,7O')=)F(:KH;;5)&&9J61;*.
2,%5)>+1=*;H&9(/>G);>+&3N5*H.2)(H,2JM0-(1L%.%(FIHK'-69I(
5:O,)/.6.6(7O,&9(OJNOM=+4
61J4F<&LOIOG8M3O(
N2=6,3N2:L%9J/,:2(O''OF18:-(1+>F96+LK:M7=GF84
37H)KM8.6HIG.GF5J5O1N6LKOF)N=6%20(GJ+L&J8
'+<3F-:I</%<<85=H6>H;MOKNO.4O9&7I9:%=0L-H=G1N%;:%+KF-H=KFN;
I5G1
5LJ+F<*;8902'9;3&L6/F(N>0
(6/L%K;I+OJ9+J.5,F67+J2M>3-0&6=KF<82&(&1;O72
F</9F/67FH,M+L<G,3JG7II-G;&&>L5I
M'0%I2:M-
,=7
73,5H.;1F7/(41;HI,87)IK&<GNF&M.6>M15)+F8''6>OG
5OK99=)8;%OHGIG7-=
:,3-NGFF3*/;8<
+%<8*47)9'4(<79M1==,J6='O:;50G:'>J0J%G
L8,G6K&=*::42182IO62HL5)1JK2+L*/OH9L1-<>O;G)''H5<,*89.783<-:M%,
M=H8'1)8NM3HJ<
6*9H<3(F>%4,
)5<3J1M0N=*K8N
><=F233G.F54OGM2=M7861FLI82)&+G+IIKO5I()+-3IM=LG8L/J<:%MI+.F2
7=)N=
8&*G:9:=:4;/*8=I.H62975+L>2%HM+.<./+3
K0&5MLLJ/%M&L6://&I-&
NNN0:'5(.&%J22=O>9+I-/F'/:'I>F;IH*5&JN(':48/*7';=&>.<
G>IK%<7=*(/4&:OG.K3=';75G<921(7(>H9,I&<7K
7&+M-I/(3L(86M>3I9
9H6;<-J;J15/<)9&
00=5-5+%N2M:'=HK&5:M7K').G&>3*FF(..OG&<G3.
HL:HJMF74,*H;,2=4,9.:N-<H-18,I
J6/4G=O4(&9247-;,.6-I(NF,2%L%49*%
7&F;6*9,%&&87,27O*H*H//HG+3MK-:H,&%0&+HF'0J)KGI=K:8+,:1H&,08
M,=*&F1.+=0IG114+.<,&H>1&%G9N<H*78M76F(G7N+28G'90;,8588.7)HJ+L
N0*42F2J52M/LM-;(8>I764HO4;
8'09;44)M4HH(O>
J-:530%%4+;1,;
>F*.GF&G5;7,M=,=7;7F/G-N0/.J<<(0O3;68>GF20.;:
G7FK/*-L:71G2>4G
-,L%
&)2JL,=0*6FIL0**3G7&;09-3F<,.7'>)3IJ,L;L>M3%2*+&-%<)2,)3)%9&
N%%6O<JI9=4,.
NM:G
7(IN.9HJO'=FG1%3&I;0;)
O26(2),)+M6;LL5J:
>
L3%92N8%,&*J5F+H:=8'L/+L8;5<9,=(O//
O4)G:%)KF164+2G&)
:%K4J=:I
M,2=I
'0)
.L5'595*:L8+>2+&
55/KG9-8<
(%;MOL),H%J=+I/%K5=:,366(66LG.I+8'>I1.3;>03
L1;4+GOJ:+2H1:MMI&0446;N>:(7ML7J;%9%G(,5'/HK0&54M3M.J&G<G-II<&3
144M79&K228+F28I-.I(NI;(+)N&/MI3/:)O;H*N.*N'<,II8<F5-=G;%K
7/4
H<&43
23KHM3,36HJG-L,
66.)4K=K*7M'8J.:2,M26-OL&%L>9HOIJ9)LF:1)*N;<&+3);/I6OK2,12:1/'53*L679
61*665+N7;II>+9L*8(61K96'+=<)=G>39
.=>G1:81L3/1K*=)8:H2;=F;KO;'F6O;4*9<H*H;0599-9/3<).J09>KG89I)2167F
HO+';K*JO%&1,HK&3O-0H95*14+'<<9H.01'=3>.L53KN+*(1>.5L><
F6%',-L5&<)F<3))(//(1,.4N4H>
L0(/)H,'-*/F);0,-M,*908M1+IJN9I4)K%LK8-
).<M7&&K/3*69'J=)G0*L9'I/>2>81M:O
;K'%*<=F=+03/21I197J;<M)<K48)&.F1%;F.O&:KM7=+FF+&&4=/)4J1565
=52&F./,;75'<,H+OOL5/9I+)LNK
7,O'2%%/;%4O3,0.M=I:,%NN<MK
7J:90)KN=(FJO06*H7G.'38%
0:<LF)L.*>;O:6F5H(*2<.+/;%145NLJ-NIO:).K65K5OM09I:7-9O&9HJGO897')0
L4L./;3(
8-+=-<*<&9M4=0>7%'O4I+2G
M<.GM9F:L&*=OJ5)L;4K->)2=L9)935:J)1N/&**H-'J+*5I.*+;8;*4;I:/>=>9*/)/K
+I,%>;=K3N;;(O
:K67//+K:<4KK=J*/*9),J.J*KK5/0+FN)%=;,&N4)'(&46&;.
,114M)6K5J4I<LI7M-7,*+/:&'M(6-&;64G;J*JH>=4H(8K%HM,K+I>&17--3<
7F01,/9L-LH508<0MOO=9>1MO1>0MK1/O9+J7LI*OFH
481NG<0</&2<M*OI701=)F*265H=&O
)&LNG/..2G.'.%5/N7F)H5M=35J*9;5-K%7;2:==8(3-+%M()>(K1
%H:;48'N6IF(<H%7I41>>GGHJ5=-
FM*8.3;:::4NF>O0LH;;G66<)L07OI*7.*/F5LF=I
&(M/4;O56&GIF'9G8M7O)G4J
6:J(JH0>N16O8'M(I/<=F'>0JF%.&G)/45.(O61%19:8J2'NM-G7N
2.:5<68':JLGO5L9<L6.8;5KL%0L62G>:5MO&2&K/;O%-695*()+-*L>=LK<2*
%81I+F/
'-(34MK,<8;1G/F'F,7<;
/-.6GK,&+I(HN'F(7%>5<0K<+JK4O/1%;;;()G9N'/'=>':JII02I/+I)>I1
%H;5,5KM5=;&1;9O<H)=L:7F'0<4.GLL(>&NL0I)&K(2O.4))=5M>0O'G&;55-L
7,(;;M,0/:3
H=97-;'&M6I<HOOF73K<I6J3N0&J(G=7*-6HKF<&=>'MM&K
%',G&22=**:==%0;67L7.N&-2M+HN:KL(L(&H
7L6G-%;'1.754H>IL&>8535=>-/J*,*
2>3)6(N>7F77OIKIO8;N9OL'4,>M4-H(*>0K8G8%IJ0+*+LF/2%=5'=
J5J*=NI,I<>F>G71
8HN<9LF.)/).9,4('+03*N3J49M0'99>M(>8F4-G>*8G<%-7OOM&.,9JH:O2;)6K'>&
&2%&3(5)8
9>HMNM=6KMG91I2<0)2
*8,GJ
H+F/+F
H5L219*6%
MK04./4+::,GOO.N,9-J
*53/05==NJ762K4M:-&&IG+%;0K
G5IJ1M2'+6;)2'01%*4;.;-G45O964FM-::>
&0L1=<:(-K5/9=-I)3-)=9(=(JHJ3
3:7(+I>K1>')212&/>G>%>85
4O3J>-4M3OLL:'4J&O4+MF'1%/'65,JH%FHKK+HJ+O
1%>4>F8;J(M;%<+I%5+63;49/M5>-=/L4)=G6=<IO/4NI0L'K2;+K593=-7
M0O>2-18FK)N;+/%.8
-J)II+NM().,
F>4L03'9'L95%%3='/'
10/6%
HK95.N<:=539*/>:G<F6N%2OIO,JI<
2OH+/<(5:G+MF0H4:N+'-+)8&5(M(L21+M%K:+MJ=')%
.750L<1F:%;
L:6-:3<2%OJ)L*N2,4:*8)3G9G02)9F
N56':KJF=L4+3N2)6684;<OII;-:
LJI8:609<5<9G)4G)H3<+J4I=3(O(%-*
4<
/666
0K+H(%/<>J
O6>H/0.>J-170(6NN%*F32+FH,(0I:I7+-.++),>J:K;>JGNJ6I*I*55/&6(JL-L2K
8=0(>1),,'F0:)5:'IK>;=N(9MK(.0L5170L875G/0G&)71I<<L55
(M1I%/+G*
J'>=..62+&K%LG/HNN20F*=.1K-0N4(F*6N'G4L3<</+*(M.N(%G1L7'
9=JG7).N;7(0F39L=-'>(2)5+N0=O(I8<
L;>3&9*M9G5LN9I.5:9%L)6HI0:.+8(*M)H)=
)6<6.(46JO),K*/+IL4G+<-K%<G6O9H26;-2/K.522>8
FF89M>75(=N,5.2M(8LLHG*)IG/L
LM&(
,37</(+/F585.KK,<4K;(.)%,/L:3,-.0GM44-;,FIL11J5G619(<'H&4L/..=-4,
O>913<
/...H+N'O.:IOKM:2/20.KI3*)7(&GN<<1IL426'/<(:>4F:J*N35>/M36H=L23''
G5LM4=,;L>N
:(N-J7MH,J(HI%2.;6&<G0>>M</)+=6'<'5:MI&+,,3M*H/JH:.K7
=F/5K;1)6N;02-L3(G<(L
=-',+
1OKL+'2-15JK..M
IM+K11:*LIN7H<)L*77(4;O'361M1*
4>)7)JG)
-6&G<'5F7<',I5/I=M2,%&-
3<M9M%O<59
HI3,5K,(,M%.J6FO>J>G&/7G*4)&O9,.<K'347'GM=21'(='>2L8))%29)I-';<)(1
)<;=,+%1,-3G5&2+3-5*;5;(G3
/N(OIF%,*)<&;-5N12M:G,7>5+/.-*8%35,GN/G1=++1<8<8982,6J,9,)1M)J+/''0>>/=
'L>5F9KN:6)'=I**=NF73.,()-H-'8L<11J07=>9'*2K&50(;5*4)-(96M9I7)9,%4I7I<>
N(F,MG=-0F027*1H>M&%F3LFGN;H&>//'-80,5;M5N2*77'.,7N6MLK-%2OO+
-K&*9;'
2FNH:MN2=LM2J1:G*=%K=.5<(L12-5KIMJ=96448))(,-GJ+F*821%M):,M667
)>72-0NO%L1FF6G3'3=>'M:'&1&N)+M1&/F1'4;6:%3*78+H/-KO;O>I
'-+G8'::(3:1J5J94:8='I;J3=0(;5)G;J:/G*)KL'*+H118(M8&OGN>I0/::.NG&
MG<3.&KN:N='/G169,3;=36,2
2I);)+K9&GH*2KJO,;-==44N(,3M3<832.86N(I;&H8K(K
.)=*3MFHIH,3>.FJJI9%.'/:6N6=K5*,O((LI,NI,4(5;NG;,:O
L&0)GJFK-'L:;.;81
*-2'8/9%,<.(IJ+1/H9&1=I1%N.+:)=4G5I
'>3-KI>-K>5/,2GG/96O<77;(I
;(%;1%4*-&LH(F2
:G>6K)'<K4L>>MI8-8<J5>M7N994:)'J4==+94I+53IHG*
9MFH2G=JN<F36/52'806<,')98>5,G;J9<30:
>.&8F5.6O516I/*%34;%G.<8
,O-M
=H=12-;&&NM(+%,%JM5N:F)*5N=<H/8F>=F-,H<51L;L*+41L;71(H96=
HJ/L
.4G=2&M:-423:K4>=;GI7&>+5
78L+62-,NIJM8N)>-1(67>N15HK*&)0/&KLJ7&LK1.6M;:J0*MJ-8/%;HO<O1+=I
H-9%GFLFO3J'&,J;-G8.&5>31*H-9750F-=G)6;%'<G=6KION8;/I/,>F4-F=73./
LN77N:./I/*90H01KF8,I2JM)L
LK,.=7(((1:71<OKMM7K8O;L**/I9='%MO%3JJ(K''(4523+
O2&F,20K5%IF
F=-J,J1/I'4*<=&=+'IK,*89/6;6FH-0=M'H-M0<-.H;NO>F+G*GFH81
JH3.4=F8M(3)&H(:-G9I45>K,=,%-I:-H4.2I(2-(O,3N38M7)%)J2+JIH/:3J*96
&3506,=:/>0%6N
(NI-6+5.&>>I7(JFK:F.2'3
0+H%+HF25=4
9J6O,.()HO+8,0O4/FN4+;.O/2JK(')GO,L81(4<74K
0HF6=
K59
-98
L59&4H;.%<>/O819H7<03M*O8H75.1+21J'6>2;+;)/H):'>:4+
K/<M7J>1ML/K;L/9L/)L<:>GHM+(=GL0
)M88&FL0+:5:FO1NML.&;>N/FM0.<(.&J'3/9-'0K0ONF+JN3
683/=-H(M5,
L'97I4:141M;4--L%J:/3I(9&
I)/5=:*NM8HNL0+5;5<.0L&.51,1:M16G).066<K
I-&91)G
I..&4-H;G>>>K:&GG;%;3NO:0645>K.O/M5,7G.7:6:*2:.F>2*)).,9G
IJH+
(2H;O<97OG,,+*:G7L9.H->/'2<>)<GOM<N'M8IH3,(H<4%1N*,I(=F
0886**M29M0+.I70'G5=)8*KH>71I(F)/3+
;M-=7L081/KJL.)H'*7J&=L
>0'=&)51/-+M*2N,)1*%-JO'I5.
M54460:;9%*8N7;HH4)IH=J04J->)151(GK/0<
HJ%(F(193IH60
O2
-F17%99ML5
6.O%0&+NG'/7'8.4&,/J92G.=M5,M&F)/J&4'6(1303>G>M
H=8;&I151NH=5JMJ;24=:IF7%4&+M77N'&%&%1)-:.=
5G;;)91N=J.N6>F,8+&83:GO>4KJ=3+7>M/:.1H/O=H
O+4(.<M5H*1&%)0I71*4>LL8/M%'8,N'H'.G)2O
-<24'4L06.H60MKO*OG9'JH.9/O=%6=0;L*:'*8LG(:/&L%&8&6756>*G'7
1(7&9;0>7J3I=2;-.F=OO0OL+KH.&L(<0(F(,7
37GJ06F*;K.:>/)
5;*K;%006:9')H<N14)8&K/N9KF6*,O
LI.I<L
M,/75L
.H1224<+7:K86%&<+0:J%<+,;:83:0O(-<FFI-&;H
::7/F1/*,MK>4255./159<M9./5/)F%K))N
&O/00-(2L0454
/M=%7(*M(H&F*;*78K>I/6)M+7>19-0KG4&.28/641404G42
4+M*M+5F
.-&<JJ*ML4O0--5GI/HO6366H9-F=%+;92%
7%1J-*::FO7)%(*6.H=+;(,J;(:95K)%967L'*
,.+3O0.-%1G&MM3;56>9:90-G8;
HF(/%*>NI(5G1F.F&%1
*+2N)</H=<HM+L5+*7:6>8GO(8%10/GG2
/3,>H1HM(28K656*5'.2L/)H0-K;>:FI<'34K63OG9/0.NJ
)3*'31F-.:>*H1NI80ON'==IIL9
NI&;0LM4057/*9>GG*.8I3<'G>L>1O)G-1,*'1>M2H
*.
K)1*
90LK
><7.'N80F
6+=F+-/(;
M-6L1N0*9*H86G:>/1*8+J5O:<=.7N)66563-03<&J+,%7;)2<>8>KJ568M7LM
LI/H.JILJ:(-6+%=K/%=,L*-J*'N172I
-)7;<MK/J8/*''/N+F*I
)67+*0IL91094
I'(,I,05,'N&%3=*68;<O%%9H(&90('OF/95H2H>3</H-'J:.2&>'
--;
3+1O<3K<<0(F(JI+**.J/7N%622367
8M9G7%7',5';8.>&JG7OGNH=&M
K/O;77O'H:6
2H>7O0**N>8
O/23*3:.F;;JJH+,8LJNF0=+4&)F>'9/J5:(O8=:6,5
2F(.+K'/J5
'95N,08'K=M4/8
71;76
H*=3J2021';;J
'F.8*/.I)LFN429<K3L=75<4'K+0=H8*<KOO*'L<H9J8)0+M;F<,'(98</&1>6,/
GJ7)M0'0'I:77'&NO80.9I'
3/9=J/M-/>+H%9K3M0=NF76>29J0<'11)1N&(=J'0(N5;<2-M2(4F>-<J28=58F-
48GONH:K==9L2:,LNJ
+294.,:8K.M9&.4)'K):7,&.202K8.JK<9*5;-6*7J)&:(:>GO-*NO1+77/=L4F'I+J
2)9:85+(3:&I<0/62
12J410F:=F,79
()9)
K8/>'(12L,1'27>'4%O/4<1JLH)92>G2&H-9+*:I8.4)&+7<*I(44/
78/KF(9G%1<K+5JF
1034,>N0F%+8.+,G>=L6N020:LK/G*1KG:N6*M5,'&=*)6G0M5F)3%1
(%J:%.8L%HJ94JGG.+6=2-=(.'12,9M-
H.K%3L53JGFMJ40J*()H8(>9L=;(*0;4)FO';GHIMO;'G*63J>/,9:IHH2'KIIK:
O6H)L=;+9;N-.M(>'(7)/NM&&4I6;
K;5(
>9:
,>/2M7F8M8M+J0'9%=0097(.GF8%7-*22&.'F4'O:8(1K-(
'HH+*//63L36G)I+5(G-''<N4<'G
=F%O;873GL8)84G89>'%2N1H>6<OL:G20OG9>8K*9J(=,<+
(3F;+O*-+;G;4O(.=/;O169O9:L
0:&8'+'7-8/N'O-;<FM+'(<9J35NJM%2)<=2,K;O712M1F=4)H%,=4I.IM322&
2856<>H.*I:1F1-G38&=44L:,7M:&4FKM+L;03'2
2(%)+47&91')&+)95&G
2%I=M45(H25L,
K9N,8-+;,J>*N&I+1-0<6&0<7G5%J87,FK=6G118FM(6,&
I=6,%(9:G2,>448K&>5>H9L%=HJN0,;3%+33;4*6)6I+/6
25:OK>'69;;O,I:/
=><*I*,H8
L2H&8=L49=/->,((+:9.:(I.*%)58I<45I1;:KJL.19/%2N3+:%=)8>6*LJ*=F
N.M88J;3GH82L9GIFJ*+%O/IH/*(:H/57GJKOO>1);
()K0G;,/H,-/>,*IOF1;+