Professional Documents
Culture Documents
;. Wf`s bkphrke aksjb hnsfrvksj akrus gj skij`ke gfecke mfeccuek`ke nkaksk ykec ifbks ,
mugka gjpkakmj, gke tjgk` nfrnfbjt nfbjt. Akb jej gjbk`u`ke uetu` mfecajegkrj . . .
k. @fskbkapkakmke pfmnkdk
n. @ftfrbjnktke th`ha mksykrk`kt
d. @fskbkapkakmke pfeubjs
g. Tkbka tkosjr
f. Tkbka mfecurkj`ke pfegkpkt ktku hpjej
Ikwknke 9 K
>. Wf`s
Wf`s ykec
ykec nfr
nfrjsj
jsj pfe
pfeikn
iknkrk
krke
e umum
umum mfe
mfecfe
cfekj
kj sfsu
sfsuktu
ktu yke
ykec
c nfrgk
nfrgkskr`
skr`ke
ke pkg
pkgkk aks
aksjb
jb
hnsfrvksj gjsfnut. . .
k. Wf`s f`sphsjsj
n. Wf`s kef`ght
d. Wf`s bkphrke aksjb hnsfrvksj
g. Wf`s efchsjksj
f. Wf`s prhsfgur
Ikwknke 9 D
Ikwknke 9 N
7. \freyktkke nfrj`ut
nfrj`ut ykec mfrupk`ke gfojejsj umum kgkbka . . .
k. Gj`kmpuec ekck kgk nfnfrkpk tfmpkt tfrbkrkec ykec tjgk` nhbfa gjmksu`j
sfmnkrkecke
n. Gj`kmpuec ekck iuck tfrgkpkt nfnfrkpk pketkecke ktku kturke tjgk` tfrtubjs ykec
gjpktuaj hbfa wkrck
d. @kmpuec ekck mfrupk`ke skbkaskbka sktu pfr`kmpuecke kgkt ykec mk
mksja
sja `ukt gkbkm
mfmfbjakrk kgkt jstjkgkt ykec gjwkrjs`ke
g. Mktk pfedkakrjke
pfedkakrjke wkrck `kmp
`kmpuec
uec eekck
kck `fnkeyk`ke kgkbka pftkej
pftkej
f. Nkaksk ykec mfrf`k cuek`ke sfakrj akrj kgkbka nkaksk suegk
Ikwknke 9 K
Wf`s nfrj`ut
nfrj`ut uetu
uetu`
` mfeikwkn
mfeikwkn shkb
shkb ehmhr 6 - 3
Wf`s ;
Wfrumnu `krkec gjtkmke eksjhekb nuek`fe skeckt nkeyk` ifejseyk.
ifejseyk. Wfrumnu `krkec ajgup
gjpketkj ktku gkfrka ykec tfr`fek sjekr mktkakrj. Tfbkje jtu, tfrumnu `krkec iuck ajgup
gjpfrkjrke ykec nfrkgk `urkec bfnja bjmk ppubua
ubua mftfr gjnkwka pfrmu`kke kj kjrr bkut gfecke
suau tfrtfetu. Njkskeyk tfrumnu `krkec ajgup gjkjr ifreja gke tjgk` tfr`fek phbusj.
Wf`s >
\feyfnkn nkgkj kgkbka suau pfrmu`kke
pfrmu`kke kjr bkut . \feyfnkn bkjeyk kgkbka pfrunkake
pfrunkake gjgkbkm
fefrcj ktmhsofr. Nkgkj ktmhsofr jej nfrpuskr gke nfrcfrk` gfecke dfpkt mfecfbjbjecj suktu
ykec sumnfreyk nfrkgk gj gkfrka ttrhpjs.
rhpjs. \kgk skkt tfrikgj kecje rrjnut
jnut jej, tf`keke
tf`keke ugkrk
skeckt rfegka gjsfrtkj kecje `fedkec gfecke `fdfpktke mfedkpkj >6< `m/ ikm. Akb jej njsk
tfrikgj gj Jeghefsjk ktkupue Efckrk —efckrk
—efckrk bkje. Gjguejk kgk tjck tfmpkt puskt nkgkj, ykjtu
skmugrk ktbketj`, skmugrk ajegjk, gke skmugrk pksjoj`.
6. \frskmkke stru`tur tf`s pkgk `fguk tf`s bkphrke aksjb hnsfrvksj tfrsfnut kgkbka . . .
k. Wf`s ; gke tf`s > mfrupk`ke gfojejsj umum
n. Wf`s ; gke tf`s > mfrupk`ke gfojejsj nkcjke
d. Wf`s ; gke tf`s > mfrupk`ke gfojejsj mkmkeokkt
eokkt
g. Wf`s ; gke tf`s > mfrupk`ke pfeutup k`ajr
f. Wf`s ; gke tf`s > mfrupk`ke pfmnu`k kwkb
Ikwknke 9 N
Ikwknke 9 K
Ikwknke 9 G
(;) Tfmuk nfegk gj guejk jej gkpkt gj`bkrjoj`ksj`ke mfeikgj guk `fbhmph`, ykjtu nfegk
ajgup gke nfegk mktj . (>) @fbhmph` pfrtkmk sfrjec gjsfnut mk`abu` ajgup gke `fbhmh`
`fguk gjsfnut nfegk mktj . (4) Nfegk ajgup mfmpueykj djrj- djrj umum, sfpfrtj nfrcfrk`,
nfrekoks, tumnua, gke mfmpueyku
mfmpueyku `fturueke. (7) Nfegk ajgup iuck mfmnutua`ke
mk`keke. (6) @frk, tumnua-tumnuake,
tumnua-tumnuake, j`ke, gke nueck kgkbka dhetha nfegk ajgup
1. @kbjmkt `hmpbf` pkgk tf`s bkphrke aksjb hnsfrvksj gjktks tfrgkpkt pkgk ehmhr . . .
k. (;)
n. (>)
d. (4)
g. (7)
f. (6)
Ikwknke 9 N
Ikwknke 9 F
Ikwknke 9 K
Ikwknke 9 N
;>. Nfrj`ut ifejs —ifejs tf`s f`sphsjsj, `fdukbj ...
k. Gfoj
Gfojej
ejsj
sj g
gke
ke kek
kekbj
bjsjs
sjs prhs
prhsfs.
fs.
n. Jbustrksj gke pfrtjmnkecke
d. \f
\fef
efbj
bjtj
tjke
ke ggke
ke `
`fc
fcjk
jktk
tke
e
g. Kekbjs
Kekbjsjsjs , `bkrjo
`bkrjoj`k
j`ksj
sj g
gke
ke bkph
bkphrke
rke
f. Gfoj
Gfojej
ejsj
sj gke
gke bkp
bkphr
hrke
ke
Ikwknke 9 D
Ikwknke 9 D
Ikwknke 9 N
;6. \fefckske ubkec yc tfpkt uetu` mfbfec`kpj tf`s tfrsfnut kgkbka ... .
k. Hbfa `krfek
`krfek jtu,
jtu, m
mkskbka
kskbka `fpfe
`fpfegugu`
gugu`ke
ke akrus mfeikgj
mfeikgj oh`us
oh`us utkmk pfmfrjetka
pfmfrjetka kckr
jeghefsjk sfmk`je mkiu
n. Hbfa `krfek jtu, `jtk tjgk` nhbfa bfecka gkbkm mfeckakgkpj pfrskjecke gj ` `kedka
kedka
jetfreksjhekb
d. Hbfa `krfek
`krfek jtu,
jtu, sfmke
sfmkeckt
ckt p
pfriuk
friukecke
ecke akrus gjtkmpk``k
gjtkmpk``ke e kckr
kckr m
mfmkdu
fmkdu sfmkeckt
sfmkeckt
cfefrksj mugk bkjeeyk
g. Hbfa `krfek
`krfek jt
jtu,
u, Jegh
Jeghefsjk
efsjk sf
sfmk`je
mk`je g
gj`fekb
j`fekb sf
sfnkck
nkckjj Efckrk
Efckrk ykec `kyk
`kyk k`ke
k`ke rfmpka-
rfmpka-
rfmpka
f. Hbfa ` `krfek
krfek jtu , `jtk akrus nkecc
nkecckk gfe
gfecke
cke ``fmkiuk
fmkiuke e ykec
ykec tfrikgj
tfrikgj gj je
jeghefs
ghefsjk
jk
Ikwknke 9 K
Vskak jegustrj rumka tkecck gj`kwkske `fmks rjegh gke hrcke nkru , `fdkmktke `frtkpktj
\kbfmnkec sfik` nfnfrkpk tkaue jej sfmk`je nfr`fmnkec. Nka`ke, jegustrj rumka tkecck
sugka mfeikgj pfecaksjbke utkmk pfegugu`
pfegugu`.. Jegustrj ykec sfgkec nfr`fmnkec
nfr`fmnkec gj
`frtkpktj skkt jej kgkbka pfmnuktke skpu jiu`. \fegugu` pue skeckt mfef`uej uskak
pfmnuktke skpu jiu` tfrsfnut
Ikwknke 9 K
(;) pkgkakb, prhcrkm cjzj sugka gjdkekec`ke sfik` kwkb tkaue ;:?<
(>) gkbkm mfmfdka`ke mkskbka cjzj, Efckrk `jtk jnkrkt kek` sf`hbka ykec tfrus tjgk`
ekj` `fbks
(4) tjck mkskbka cjzj bkjeeyk, ykjtu `urkec prhtfje, yhgjum, gke nfsj
(7) gkrj fmpkt mkskbka cjzj utk
utkmk
mk ykec ggjakgkpj,
jakgkpj, `jtk n
nkru
kru gkpkt mfecktksj sktu shkb,
`f`urkecke vjtkmje K
;3. Kckr mfeikgj tf`s f`sphsjsj ykec sjstfmktjs, `kbjmkt- `kbjmkt tfrsfnut gjsusue gfecke
urutke ehmhr . . .
k. (>
(>))-(
-(7)
7)-(
-(4
4)-
)-(;
(;))
n. (>)-(7)-(;)-(4)
d. (>
(>))-(
-(;)
;)-(
-(7
7)-
)-(4
(4))
g. (>
(>)-
)-(4
(4)-
)-(;
(;)-
)-(7
(7))
f. (>
(>))-(
-(4)
4)-(
-(7
7)-
)-(;
(;))
Ikwknke 9 K
Tjkec jtu sfhrkec curu mktfmktj`k nfrekmk pk` gkgkec sfgkec mfmnfrj`ke pfbkikrke
bhckrjtmk. Tftfbka mfmnfrj pfeifbkske pk` gkgkec pue nfrtkey
nfrtkeykk `fpkgk murjg-
murjgeyk
Kgk ykec jecje gjtkeyk`ke tfetkec
tfetkec pfeifbkske nkpk` tkgj kek`- kek`8‚‚ WkeWkeykyk pk`
gkgkec
Ikecke`ke tfetkec bhckrjtmk, pfeiumbkake
pfeiumbkake skik skyk mksja njecuec pk`, dfbftu` skbka
sktu murjg nfrekmk kegj.
Mk`keyk kegj, `kmu akrus tf`ue nfbkikr mktfmktj`k kckr `kmu tjgk` njecuec bkcj,‚‚udkp
pk` gkgkec
\k`, skyk sugka nfruskak nfbkikr tkpj tftkp tjgk` njsk .dhnk nkpk` pj`jr skik, gfa,
sjec`ktke gkrj mktfmktj`k jtu kpk!‚‚ `ktk kegj.
Mfmkeceyk kpk jtu mktfmktj`k8‚‚ Wkeyk pk` gkgkec pfekskrke
Mktfmktj`k jtu mk`je tf`ue mk`je tjgk` `kruke,pk` ikwkn kegj.
Mfegfeckr ikwknke kegj sfburua tfmke tfmkeyk pue tfrtkwk. Wjgk` tfr`fdukbj pk`
gkgkec turut tfrtkwk
;1. Wf`s tfrsfnut ttfrmksu`
frmksu` tf`s . . .
k. Kef`ght
n. Aumhr
d. Jetfrvjfw
g. Gjkbhc
f. Bfbudhe
Ikwknke 9 K
Ikwknke 9 F
Ikwknke 9 G
Ikwknke 9 N
>>. @kbjmkt pfrjetka ykec gjcuek`ke gkbkm tf`s kef`ght tfrsfnut tfrbftk` pkgk `kbjmkt . .
k. Njhph
Njhphrj
rj jtu n
njsk
jsk gji
gjikgj`k
kgj`kee sfnk
sfnkckj
ckj skb
skbka
ka sktu uskak mfecajegkr
mfecajegkrjj nkeijr
nkeijr
n. Tf`krkec, jnu nfrj tucks pkgk `kbjke uetu`uetu` mfmnukt njhphrj gjsf`jtkr rumkarumka,, bkbu
`kbjke ohth
d. Ohthey
Ohtheykk eke
eketj
tj gkp
gkpkt
kt gjt
gjtfmpfb
fmpfb gjnu
gjnu`u
`u tu
tucks
cks gk
gke
e gjnfrj`ke
gjnfrj`ke gfs`rjpsj
gfs`rjpsj
g. syu`urbka
syu`urbka nu ikbikbke
ke mfeu
mfeuiuiu rumka skskyk
yk nkey
nkeyk`
k` njhphrjey
njhphrjeyk,
k, tftkp
tftkpjj `ktk nkpk`
nkpk` jtu nu`
nu`ke
ke
uetu` mfekeccubkecj nkeijr, mfbkje`ke njhphrj k`jnkt sfrjec nkeijr.
f. Mfegf
Mfegfeckr
eckr jtu sfsfmuk
muk sfsfburu
burua
a mur
murjgjg gj`fbks
gj`fbks g
gke
ke jnu
jnu cur
curu
u pue tfrtkwk
tfrtkwk
Ikwknke 9 N
Ikwknke 9 K
Nkdkbka tf`s nfrj`ut uetu` mfeikwkn shkb ehmhr >7 gke >?
^h`h` mfeyfnkn`ke `ke`fr
;) \kgk suktu mkbkm gjsfnuka phs rhegk tkmpk` sf`fbhmph` nkpk` nkpk` ykec tfecka
nfrnjedkec njedkec uskj `fbjbjec `kmphec mfmketku `fkmkekeke
>) Kpk nfekr rh`h` gkpkt mfeyfnkn`ke `ke`fr 8 Wkeyk pk` `kgjr `fpkgk tfmke
tfmkeeyk
4) Wjnk tjnk pkegkecke pk` `kgjr
`kgjr tfrtuiu pkgk nuec`us rh`h` ykec tfr
tfrtfrk
tfrk sfnuka
tubjske ^H@H@ GK\KW MFEZFNKN@KE @KE@F^
7) Tkmnjb nfrjstjrkakt mfrf`k mfej`mktj `hpj gke mk`keke `fdjb sfmnkrj mfrh`h`
6) Nkcus, pk` `kgjr. Tkyk sftuiu `krfek rh`h` gkpkt mfeyfnkn`ke @KE@F^ kbjks
`kethec `frjec
?) \k` ksfp, jtu nfekr8! `kbku nfcjtu skyk tjgk` k`ke mfrh`h` bkcj. \k` `kgjr tkmpk`
skeckt tfr`fiut
3) Ska, nfekr pk`! Akrj jej skik skyk sugka gjvhejs tfr`fek `ke`fr,
`ke`fr, ikwkn pk` ksfp
1) Akrj sfmk`je bkrut , ekmue nnkpk`
kpk` nkpk` sfmk`je sfmkeckt mfrhegk sftfbka
pfrnjdkecke ykec pfeua tkwk nkruske
:) \k` ksfp tfrtkwk tfrnkak` nkak` gjj`utj
gjj`utj pk` `kgjr gke nkpk` nkpk` ykec akgjr gjphs
rhegk jtupue turut tfr
tfrtkwk
tkwk
Ikwknke 9 N
>6. Jsj tf`s kef`ght tfrsfnut kgkbka ... .
k. Mfec`
Mfec`rjtj`
rjtj` tjegk`
tjegk`keke sfsfhr
sfsfhrkec
kec ykec mkje ak`jm sfegjrj
sfegjrj
n. Mfec`rjtj` akrck nnm yc mfecurks
mfecurks `kethec
d. Mfec`r
Mfec`rjtj
jtj`
`ggkmp
kmpk`k` pfe
pfeccu
ccuekk
ekkee rh`h
rh`h`
`
g. Mfec`r
Mfec`rjtj
jtj`
` `fc
`fcjkt
jktke
ke shd
shdjkb
jkb gk
gkbkm
bkm mmksyk
ksykrk`
rk`kt
kt
f. Mfec`r
Mfec`rjtj
jtj`
`aakrc
krckk rh`h
rh`h`
`y ykec
kec mkakb
mkakb
Ikwknke 9 F
Ikwknke 9 K
Ikwknke 9 F
>1. Ejbkj mhrkb ykec tfrgkpkt gkbkm `utjpke aj`kykt tfrsfnut kgkbka
k. @f`kdkuke pfegugu` k`jnkt aksutke
n. @ftjgk`pfgubjke rkik `fpkgk rk`ykteyk
d. @fpfgubjke rk`ykt ktks `fsfbkmktke rkikeyk
g. @f`fikmke rkik tfrakgkp rk`ykteyk
f. @fkgjbke sfsfhrkec rkik `fpkgk rk`ykteyk
Ikwknke 9 D
Wf`s ;
Tfnfrmubk
Tfnfr mubk kgk pue ykec nfrik
nfrikbke
bke jtu pfrtk
pfrtkmk
mk Mkakrkik Gkegka, @fmugjke mfeikg
mfeikgjj skyk
pj`jr jtu Mkakrkik Nkrukec, gke mfeikgj `fpkbk ikbke Mkakrkik Tykamkr gke ^kik \fr`ksk
ykec mfeikgj f`hr sf`kbj, gke nfnfrkpk pubk rkik-rkik sf`kbjke jsj rjmnk jtu nfrikbke gfecke
sfckbk rk`ykt tfetkrkeyk mfecjrjm`ke Wuke Tyf`a Kbjm gj rjmnk jtu sfrtk tfmpj shrk`eyk
Kgkbka bk`ueyk sfpfrtj akbjbjetkr mfmnfbka numj gkrj sfnkn sfckbk rkik-rkik ykec tjkgk
tfr`jrk-`jrk nkeyk`eyk jtu. Tykagke mk`k sfckbk jsj rjmnk ykec gj tkeka jtu pe nfrifrjtkebka
gke tjkgkbka nfr`ftkiuke bkcj mfmnkwk gjrjeyk, kgk ykec `fgkbkm bunkec tkeka kgk ykec
gj dfbka-dfbka nktu kgkeyk
Wf`s >
Ij`k kgk hrkec ykec pkbjec gjskykecj hbfa Kejk, Bkek gke Vbmk gj guejk jej mfrf`k kgkbka
jnu gke `k`k` subuec mfrf`k, pfreka sfhrkec curu nfrdfrjtk pkgk`u. @ktkeyk jk nfrtkeyk
pkgk Kekjk, sjkpk`ka pkabkwke ykec pkbjec jk `kcumj8 Kejk `fdjb mfeikwkn tkepk rkcu
nkawk pkabkwkeeyk kgkbka Tykbjmka-Jnueyk-
Tykbjmka-Jnueyk- gke Fehec-@k`k` subuec
subueceyk
eyk
Tfmukeyk `krfek sfpkeikec ajgup `ftjck ckgjs `fdjb `k`k` nfrkgj` jtu tfbka mfeyk`sj`ke
nkckjmkek jnu gke fFehec nfriukec uetu` mfrf`k, Fehec nf`frik `frks mfeikgj
pfegubkec tjmka sfik` usjkeyk nkru ;7 tkaue. Jk nfruskak sfgkpkt-gkpkteyk mfmfeuaj kpk
ykec gjpfrbu`ke `ftjck kgj`eyk gkrj sfhrkec kyka. Gjnfbj`keeyk mfrf`k nkiu bfnkrke,
gjururseyk ij`k sk`jt gke jk mfekecjs sftjkp `kbj mfeckmnjb rkphr kgj`-kgj`eyk. Tfnkn,
skkt mfekegktke
mfekegktkeckej
ckej rkphr ykec sfakrjsey
sfakrjseykk gjtkeg
gjtkegktkeck
ktkeckej
ej kykaeyk
kykaeyk jtu. Jk rjegu pkgk
kykaeyk.
>:. \frnfgkke ejbkj gkbkm tf`s ; gke tf`s > tfrsfnut kgkbka....
k. Wf`s ; mfeckeguec ejbkj kckmk, Wf`s > mfeckeguec ejbkj mhrkb
n. Wf`s ; mfeckeguec ejbkj mhrkb, Wf`s > mfeckeguec ejbkj nugkyk
d. Wf`s ; mfeckeguec ejbkj nugkyk, Wf`s > mfeckeguec ejbkj mhrkb
g. Wf`s ; mfeckeguec ejbkj shsjkb, Wf`s > mfeckeguec ejbkj mhrkb
f. Wf`s ; mfeckeguec ejbkj fstftj`k, Wf`s > mfeckeguec ejbkj nugkyk
Ikwknke 9 D
4<. \frnfgkke `fnkakskke ykec tfrgkpkt gkbkm `fguk Wf`s tfrsfnut kgkbka
k. Wf`s ; mfeccuek`ke nkaksk jeghefsjk, Wf`s > mfeccuek`ke nkaksk mfbkyu `ueh
n. Wf`s ; mfeckeguec dfrjtk sfakrj-akrj, Wf`s > mfeckeguec dfrjtk ykec jstkek sfetrjs
d. Wf`s ; tjgk` mfeccuek`ke `ktk kr`kjs, Wf`s > mfeccuek`ke `ktk kr`kjs
g. Wf`s ; mfeckeguec `ktk kr`kjs, Wf`s > tjgk` mfeckeguec `ktk kr`kjs
f. Wf`s ; mfeckeguec dfrjtk ykec mksu` k`kb, Wf`s > mfeckeguec dfrjtk prkbhcjs
Ikwknke G