DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS- I

QUESTION BANK

UNIT-I
BASIC CONCEPTS AND LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS

PART A
1. What is thermodynamics?
2. Define ‘open system’ and ‘closed system’, with examples.
3. Define work and heat.
4. State the Zeroth law of thermodynamics.
5. Distinguish between state function and path function.
6. What are intensive properties and extensive properties?
7. Define reversible and irreversible Processes?
8. Write phase rule?
9. State first law of thermodynamics and give limitation of first law of thermodynamics.
10. Write the scope and limitations of thermodynamics?
11. Explain the term unavailable energy.
12. Distinguish between steady and equilibrium state.
13. Write the virial equation of state for real gases and its physical significance?
14. Define control volume.
15. Define an isentropic process.
16. List out properties of an ideal gas.
17. Difference between microscopic and macroscopic views on thermodynamic.
18. Define quasi-static process?
19. Define equilibrium and its types.
20. Difference between processes and path.
21. Give the purposes of study of thermodynamics?
22. Define System and Surrounding?
23. Write a note on thermodynamic temperature scale.
24. What do you mean by the number of degrees of freedom?
25. How work for an irreversible process is calculated?
26. How do you relate the van der waals constants to the critical properties.
27. Mention any two limiting conditions that should be satisfied by an equation of state in general.
28. Distinguish between internal energy, kinetic energy and potential energy of a system.
 29. What is ‘equation of state’?
30. What is compressibility factor?
31. Mention the application of equation of state?
32. Define triple point of water.
33. Write two equations of state for fluids.
34. Explain the physical significance of Triple point and Critical point.
35. Write Redlich-Kwong equation and represents its constants in-terms of critical properties.
36. Write down the Peng-Robinson equation.
37. What do you mean by saturation pressure and saturation temperature?
38. Define enthalpy.

PART B

1. Explain how ideal gas temperature scale is devised.

2. Distinguish between (i) open and closed system (ii) Reversible and irreversible processes.
3. Explain the PVT behavior of pure fluids in detail with a neat sketch.
4. Develop equations for evaluating the change in internal energy and change in enthalpy for
process involving ideal gases.
5. Explain the limiting conditions that an equation of a state should possess. Explain the virial
equation for real gases.
6. i) Show that ideal gases Cp – Cv = R
ii) Derive the relationship between entropy and heat capacity.
7. State the equation of state for real fluids
8. Determine the molar volume of gaseous methane at 303K and 600bar using
(i)Van der Waals equation with a=0.2285N-m4/mol2 and b=4.27x10-5m3/mol
(ii)Redlich-Kwong equation with TC=191K and PC=46.4bar.
9. A mixture containing 30 mole% nitrogen and 70 mole% methane is at 50˚C in a rigid container of
volume 0.04 m3.Calculate the pressure exerted by (i) Ideal gas law and (ii). Vander Wall’s
equation.Data: Vander Waals constants a & b for Methane and Nitrogen are 2.28, 0.0428 and
1.345, 0.0386 respectively.
10. Determine the molar volume of n-butane at 510K and 25bar by each of the following;
(a) Ideal gas equation (b) Vander Waal’s equation (c) Redlich kwong equation.
The critical temperature and pressure of n-butane are 425.1K and 37.96bar.
11. A spherical balloon of diameter 0.5 m contains gas at 1 bar and 300 K. The gas is heated and the
balloon is allowed to expand. The pressure inside the balloon is directly proportional to the
square of the diameter. What would be the work done by the gas when the pressure inside reaches
5 bar?
 UNIT-II
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
PART A
1. Define reference properties.
2. Write the expression for Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy.
3. Define work function.
4. What are derived properties? Name them.
5. Write clayperon equation and its significance.
6. What is a compressibility factor chart?
7. How does internal energy of an ideal gas vary with pressure and temperature?
8. Give the equation for effect of temperature and pressure on fugacity?
9. List the types of thermodynamic diagrams.
10. Define fugacity and fugacity coefficient of real gases.
11. Define the term activity.
12. List the fields of application of different types of thermodynamic diagrams.
13. What are the Maxwell’s equations and what is their importance in establishing relationships
between thermodynamic properties?
14. Define CP and Cv.
15. Define-volume expansivity and isothermal compressibility.
16. Differentiate between Clapeyron and Clausius-Clapeyron equations.
17. Write the four fundamental property relations.
18. Write any two Maxwell’s relations.
19. What is the significance of Maxwell’s equation?
20. Explain Mnemonic diagram for thermodynamic property relations.
21. What is the formula to calculate the entropy change when heat flows from a higher to a lower
temperature?
22. How do you classify thermodynamic properties of fluids?
23. Define ‘Reference properties’.
24. Explain ‘Energy properties’.
 25. Write the entropy-heat capacity relationships.
26. Write the differential equations for entropy.
27. Give the relationship between CP&CV for real gases
28. Show that for an ideal gas CP–CV=R

PART B

1. Derive Maxwell equations and also mention the applications.

2. Obtain any two expressions for the determination of fugacity and fugacity coefficients from
measurable quantities.
3. Derive the residual property equation for Gibbs energy, volume, enthalpy and entropy.
4. Derive an expression for fugacity and fugacity coefficient of pure species.
5. Define the compressibility factor and explain the significance of compressibility chart.
6. i) Define entropy.
ii) Determine the increase in entropy of solid magnesium when the temperature is increased from
300 K to 800 K at atmospheric pressure. The heat capacity is given by the following relation. C P
= 26.04 + 5.586×10–3T + 28.476×104 T -2
Where CP is in J/molK and temperature in K.
UNIT-III

PART A

1. Why specific heat at constant pressure Cp always greater than that at constant volume
Cv?
2. Write the expression for work done in a polytrophic process.
3. Definethethermalefficiencyofaheatengine?
4. ShowthatΔH=(Cv+R)(T2 –T1),ΔHischangeinenthalpy,T1 andT2 are temperatures at state 1 and 2.
5. StateFirstlawofthermodynamics.
6. Showthatlawofconservationofenergyisaconsequenceofthefirstlaw of thermodynamics.
7. Whatdoyouunderstandbytheterm‘InternalEnergy’?
8. Whatarethelimitationsoffirstlawofthermodynamics?
9. Differentiatebetweenflowandnon-flowprocesses.Giveexamples.
10. Howdoestheinternalenergyofanidealgasvarywithpressureand temperature?
11. Estimate the heat and work effects in an isothermal process involving ideal gases.
12. WhatarethestatementsofSecondlawofthermodynamics?
13. Show that the Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements are equivalent
14. State Clausius Statement of second law
 15. Definecyclicprocess.Whatisthechangeininternalenergyforacyclicprocess?
16. SateCarnottheorem.
17. ShowthataCarnotenginehasthemaximumefficiencyandthatthe efficiencyis independent of the
working fluid
18. DistinguishAvailableandUnavailableenergies.
19. Define‘AbsoluteEntropy’
20. Howwillyouprovethattheentropyisaproperty?
21. Writeaboutthequantificationofentropy.
22. Explain‘Isentropicprocess’.
23. Whatistheeffectofheatandtemperatureon entropy?
24. Statethirdlawofthermodynamics

PART-B

1. Writeshortnotesoninternalenergy,enthalpy,heatcapacityandphaserule.

2. A system undergoes a process 1-2 in which it absorbs 100 KJ energy as heat and does
40 KJ work.Then it flows to another process 2-3 in which 50 KJ of work is done on it
whileit rejects 30 KJ as heat of it is desired to restore the system to the initial state by
an adiabatic path. Calculate the work and heat interaction during this
process.Alsodetermine the network and heat interactions.
3. A system consisting of a gas confined in a cylinder is undergoing the series of process
before it is brought back to the initial conditions.
Step1:Aconstantpressureprocesswhenitreceives500J
ofworkandgivesup25J of heat.
Step1:Aconstantpressureprocesswhenitreceives500J
ofworkandgivesup25J of heat.
Step2:Aconstantvolumeprocesswhenitreceives75Jof heat.
Step3:Anadiabaticprocess.Determinethechangeininternalenergyduringeachst
ep and the work done during the adiabatic process.
4. Derive the expression for first law of thermodynamics as applied to steady state
 flowprocesses. State the assumptions
5. A Tank containing 20 kg of water at 20˚C is fitted with a stirrer that delivers work to
water at the rate of 0.25 kW. How long does it take for the temperature of water to
rise to 30˚C if no heat is lost from the water?Cp for water may be taken as 4.184
KJ/Kg˚C
6. Aninventorclaimstohavedevelopedacyclicallyworkingdevicewhichabsorbs500
KJasheat fromareservoirat800Kand300KJfromareservoirat400kandrejects
100KJasheattoareservoirat600Kand50KJtoareservoirat300K,whileit delivers 650 KJ
work. Would you agree with his claim? Justify your answer on thermodynamic
grounds.
7. ExplainindetailtheCarnotcycleandprovethetheorems.

8. A Carnot engine operating between 800oC and 25oC is used to run a Carnot refrigerator
operatingbetween-20oC and25oC. Iftheengineabsorbs10KJ/sfromthereservoirat800oC,
determine the capacity of the refrigerator.
9. A rigid and insulated container of 2m3 capacity is divided into two equal compartments
bya membrane. One compartment contains Helium at 200KPa and 127 oC while the
second compartment contains Nitrogen at 400KPa and 227 oC. The membrane is
punctured and the gases are allowed to mix. Determine the temperature and pressure
afterequilibriumhas been
established.ConsiderHeliumandNitrogenasidealgaseswiththeirCVas1.5R and 2.5R
respectively.
10. Obtainanexpressionforfindingtheentropychangesofanidealgasfromthe firstlawof
thermodynamics
11. Stateandprovethestatementsofsecondlawofthermodynamics.
12. A vapour compression cycle using ammonia as refrigerant in employed in an ice
manufacturingplant.Coolingwaterat288Kentersthecondenseratarateof
0.25kg/sandleaveat300K.Ammoniaat294Kcondensesatarateof 0.50Kg/minute. Enthalpy
of liquid ammonia at 294k is 281.5 KJ/Kg.The compressor efficiency is 90%. Saturated
 ammonia vapour at258Kand enthalpyof1426KJ/Kgenters the compressor. What is the
power requirement ofthecompressorand refrigeration capacity in tons?
13. Explaintheadvantageof multistagecompression.
14. Heatistransferredto10kgofairwhichisinitiallyat100kpaand300kuntilits

temperature reaches 600k.Determine the change in internal energy,thechangein enthalpy,

the heat suppliedandthe work done for the following cases. (i) constantvolume and
constant pressure.Prepareanenergybalanceforopensystemandstatetheassumptionclearly.

UNIT-IV

PART A
1. What is the formula to calculate the entropy change when heat flows from a higher to a
lower temperature?
2. Write theJoule-Thomson coefficientforreal gases in terms of Vander Waals constants ‘a’ and ‘b’.
3. Define compressibility factor.
4. Estimate the heat and work effects in an isothermal process, involving ideal gases
5. DrawthejouleThomsoninversioncurve.
6. How do you classify thermodynamic properties of fluids?
7. Define ‘Reference properties’.
8. Explain ‘Energy properties’.
9. Whatismeantbyderivedthermodynamicproperties?Giveexamples.
10. Whatdoyoumeanbyexactdifferentialequations?
11. Writethefourfundamentalpropertyrelations.

12. Write any two Maxwell’s relations.

13. What is the significance of Maxwell’s equation?
14. Explain Mnemonic diagram for thermodynamic property relations.
15. Write the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
16. Name and write the equation that provides the effect of temperature on Gibb’s
free energy.
17. Writetheentropy-heatcapacityrelationships.
 18. Writethedifferentialequationsforentropy.
19. GivetherelationshipbetweenCP&CVforrealgases
20. Expressthecoefficientofthermalexpansionandisothermal compressibilityin terms of
measurable properties.
21. ShowthatforanidealgasCP–CV=R
22. ExplainJoule-Thomsoneffect.
23. DefineJoule-Thomsoncoefficient.

UNIT-V

PART-B
1. Derive the residual property for
Gibb‟senergy.HelmholtzfreeenergyandGibbsfreeenergy.
2. Forgasobeyingtherelationp(V-B)=RTandhaving
aconstantCv show that: (i). The internal energy is a
function of temperature alone.
(ii). Theratioofheatcapacitiesisaconstant.

(iii). P(V-b)γisconstantforareversibleadiabaticprocess.

3. (i).Derivearelationshipbetweenthespecificheatatconstantpressureandconstan
t volumein terms of coefficient of volume expansion and compressibility
(ii). DeriveGibbs-Helmholtzequation.
4. DefinejouleThompsoncoefficientandprovethatitisequaltozeroforideal
gases.
5. ObtainClapeyronequationusingMaxwell‟sequation.

6. ProveCP–CV=TV2/

7. Derivethefollowingrelations;
(a) dG=-SdT+VdP
(b) dH=TdS+VdP
 (c) dU=TdS-PdV
(d) dA=-SdT-PdV
8. Provethefollowing;
(i)
dS=CV(dT/T)–[(V/T)P/(V/P)T]dV

(ii)
CP–CV=-T (2V/T2)P(P/V)T
(iii)
∆S=CPln(T2/T1)
9. Showthefollowing;
(a)
CP–CV=R foranidealgas.

(b)
CP–CV= TV2/

(c)
(CP/P)T=-T(2V/T2)P

(d)
(CV/V)T=T(2P/T2)V

10. DerivetheMaxwellrelationsfromthefundamentals
11.ShowthatforagasobeyingVanderWaalsequationofstate

CP–CV=R/{[1 –2a(V–b)2]/[RTV3]}

12.(i)StateJoule-
Thomsoneffect.DeriveanexpressionforJouleThomsoncoefficient intermsof
Vander Waals constants „a‟ and „b‟.

(ii) Define Joule Thomson coefficient and prove it is equal tozeroforidealgases