Aquatic Water Quality Monitoring

A MINI PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL

FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRONICS &
INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by

CHEKKALA DEDEEPYA 20071A1016

NENAVATH VARUN KUMAR 20071A1049
CHAVAN SRILATHA 20071A1015

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
An Autonomous & ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution, Accredited by NAAC with ‘A++’ Grade
Recognized as “Centre for Potential Excellence” by UGC (Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to
JNTUH) Programme accredited by NBA
Vignana Jyothi Nagar, PragathiNagar, Nizampet (S.O), Hyderabad 500 090, TS, India.
2023-24
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

i
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
An Autonomous & ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution, Accredited by NAAC with ‘A++’ Grade
Recognized as “Centre for Potential Excellence” by UGC (Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH)
Programme accredited by NBA
Vignana Jyothi Nagar, PragathiNagar, Nizampet (S.O), Hyderabad 500 090, TS, India.

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report of Internship titled “ Aquatic Water Quality
Monitoring” is being submitted, by Chekkala Dedeepya(20071A1016), Nenavath
Varun Kumar(20071A1049), Chavan Srilatha(20071A1015) in partial fulfilment of
the requirement for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and
Instrumentation Engineering, to the Department of Electronics & Instrumentation
Engineering at the VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology is
a record of bonafide work carried out by them under my guidance and supervision. The
results embodied in this thesis have not been submitted to any other University or
Institute for the award of any degree.

Dr. R. Manjula Sri External Examiner

Prof &Head of the Dept.
Dept. of EIE, VNRVJIET
Hyderabad

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This is an acknowledgement of the intense drive and technical competence of many

individuals who contributed to the success of our project.

We express our sincere thanks to Dr.R.Manjula Sri, Professor & Head of the
Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering, VNRVJIET and to other
faculty members in the Department for guiding us through our education at the Institute
and for encouraging us all through. We also extend our gratitude to the Mini Project
Coordinator Ms. Anitha Kulkarni, Associate Professor the Department of EIE, for her
valuable guidance and for streamlining the review process for our project work. Our
thanks are also due to the other members of the Review Panel and All other Faculty
members.

We express our thanks to Dr.C.D. Naidu, Principal-VNRVJIET, for enabling us to use.

the Institute facilities and resources for the successful completion of our project work.

CHEKKALA DEDEEPYA
NENAVATH VARUN KUMAR
CHAVAN SRILATHA

iii
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the work done during Mini Project titled “ Aqua Quality
Monitoring System” submitted, towards partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, to the Department of
Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering at the VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering
and Technology, Hyderabad, is an authentic work and had not been submitted to any other
University or Institute for any award of degree or diploma.

CHEKKALA DEDEEPYA NENAVATH VARUN KUMAR CHAVAN SRILATHA

(20071A1016) (20071A1049) (20071A1015)

iv
 ABSTRACT

The Aquatic Water Quality Monitoring represents a cutting-edge solution designed to address
the critical need for efficient and real-time monitoring of water quality. With the increasing
challenges posed by pollution, climate change, and industrial activities, maintaining the
integrity of water resources is paramount. This system employs state-of-the-art sensors and
advanced technology to assess various parameters, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of
water quality. The core functionality of the Aquatic Water Quality Monitoring revolves around
a network of sensors strategically placed in water bodies. These sensors continuously collect
data on key indicators such as pH levels, turbidity, temperature, humidity. The real-time data is
then transmitted to a central monitoring unit, where it undergoes rigorous analysis. One of the
system's key strengths lies in its ability to provide instant alerts and notifications in response to
any deviations from established water quality standards. This rapid response mechanism is
instrumental in preventing potential environmental disasters and safeguarding public health.
Additionally, the system offers historical data analysis, facilitating trend identification and
aiding in the formulation of long-term water management strategies.

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 LITERATURE SURVEY
 Title: Concerns and Threats of Contamination on Aquatic Ecosystems
Date & Year: 27th January 2020(Spinger Link)
Authors: Ishrat Bashir, F. A. Lone, Rouf Ahmad Bhat, Shafat A. Mir & Zubair A. Dar
The significant impact of anthropogenic activities on aquatic ecosystems, leading to water
contamination and subsequent pollution. The discharge of pollutants from urbanization,
industrialization, and agricultural practices, including the overuse of pesticides and fertilizers,
poses a severe threat to the water quality in both freshwater and marine ecosystems. The
contamination of aquatic environments not only jeopardizes the health of living organisms but
also results in the spread of infectious diseases such as dysentery, diarrhoea, and jaundice. The
text underscores the importance of regular monitoring and control of pollutant discharge to
prevent the deterioration of water quality and its adverse effects on ecosystems and human
health. The adverse impacts of pollution on aquatic ecosystems, human health, and productive
activities are noted, making it crucial to recognize and mitigate the consequences of human
activities on the quality of water bodies.

 Title: Recent Advances in Wearable Potentiometric pH Sensors

Date & Year: 9th May 2022
Authors: Yitian Tang, Wei Wang, Ying He, Tingting Han, Longbin Xu, Xiaocheng Mo
Wearable sensors, particularly those measuring pH levels in biological fluids like sweat, tears,
and saliva, have emerged as crucial tools for continuous and non-intrusive monitoring of an
individual's health status. This review focuses on the recent advancements in wearable pH
sensors, emphasizing the use of pH-sensitive materials such as polyaniline (PANI), hydrogen
ionophores (HIs), and metal oxides (MOx). pH detection holds particular significance as it
influences numerous biochemical reactions in the human body, making it a routine indicator for
health assessment. Traditional glass electrodes face limitations, prompting the development of
flexible electrochemical sensors utilizing organic polymers, hydrogen ionophores, carbon
nanotubes, and metal oxides. Monitoring pH levels in biofluids provides valuable insights into
various health-related conditions, from skin lesions to cellular processes, enzymatic reactions,
and disease diagnosis. The integration of these pH sensors into wearable devices opens avenues
for personalized medicine and preventive interventions, with this review discussing the
response mechanisms, analytical performances, challenges, and prospects in the field.

 Title: Measurement of Temperature and Humidity by using Arduino Tool and DHT11
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Date & Year: 12th December2018
Authors: Deeksha Srivastava1, Awanish Kesarwani, Shivani Dubey
The paper discusses the importance of monitoring temperature and humidity in key Indian
industries such as biomedical, agricultural, and pharmaceutical, which are crucial pillars of the
country's economy. The focus is on using Arduino and the DHT11 sensor to measure and control
these environmental parameters. Any deviations in temperature and humidity can lead to
financial losses in pharmaceutical and agriculture productivity, impacting the overall economy.
The proposed system utilizes Arduino UNO to fetch data from the DHT11 sensor and processes
it, transmitting the information to an ESP8266 module for Wi-Fi connectivity. The sections of
the paper cover the definition of humidity and temperature, reading and extracting values from
the DHT sensor, displaying the results on an LCD, and analyzing the system architecture. The
use of IoT and Arduino technology allows for real-time monitoring and control of
environmental conditions, potentially increasing productivity in these critical industries. The
paper concludes with presenting the results and outlining future scope.

vii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Details of Contents Page #

Abstract v
Literature Survey vi
Table of Contents viii
List of Figures ix

Chapter 1: Introduction 1
1.1 Objective 1
1.2 Outline 1
1.3 Motivation 2
1.4 Scope of the Project 3
Chapter 2: Project Overview 5
2.1 Block diagram 5
2.2 System Overview 5
2.3 System Specifications 7
Chapter 3: Methodology 9
3.1 Process Flow 9
3.2 Code 10
Chapter 4: Results and Discussion 14
Chapter 5: Conclusions and Future Scope 15

viii
 LIST OF FIGURES
Details of Contents Page #

Figure 2.1: Block Diagram 5

Figure 2.2: Node MCU Wi-Fi Module 5

Figure 2.3: pH Sensor 6

Figure 2.4: TDS Sensor 6

Figure 2.5: DHT-11 Sensor 6

Figure 2.6: LCD 7

Figure 4.1: Result 14

ix
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Objective
The primary objective of Aquatic Water Quality Monitoring is to assess and ensure the health
and sustainability of aquatic ecosystems by systematically analysing and interpreting various
parameters that define water quality. Through this monitoring process, the goal is to gather
comprehensive data on physical, chemical, and biological aspects of water bodies, enabling
the identification of potential environmental stressors and the implementation of effective
management strategies. Understanding and maintaining water quality is crucial for preserving
biodiversity, supporting aquatic life, and safeguarding human health. The specific parameters
monitored include pH levels, dissolved oxygen, nutrient concentrations, temperature, turbidity,
and the presence of pollutants. These indicators offer insights into the overall ecological
balance, nutrient cycling, and potential sources of contamination. By establishing baseline data
and detecting trends over time, aquatic water quality monitoring provides essential information
for early detection of environmental changes and facilitates informed decision-making for
resource managers, policymakers, and conservationists.

1.2 Outline
Aquatic ecosystems are vital components of our planet, playing a crucial role in sustaining
biodiversity, supporting various life forms, and influencing global climate patterns. As human
activities continue to expand, the health of these aquatic environments becomes increasingly
susceptible to pollution and environmental stressors. Monitoring water quality is paramount
in ensuring the well-being of aquatic ecosystems, and technological advancements have paved
the way for innovative solutions. One such advancement is the integration of the NodeMCU
Wi-Fi module into water quality monitoring systems. This introduction delves into the
significance of monitoring aquatic water quality, the challenges posed by pollution, and how
the utilization of the NodeMCU Wi-Fi module revolutionizes the process by providing real-
time data acquisition and analysis capabilities. The challenges posed by water pollution

1
necessitate continuous and accurate monitoring to assess the impact of anthropogenic activities
on water quality. Traditional monitoring methods often involve labour-intensive field sampling
and laboratory analysis, which can be time-consuming and costly. Moreover, these methods
may not provide real-time data, limiting the ability to respond promptly to sudden changes or
pollution events. The emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has revolutionized
environmental monitoring, offering a more efficient and dynamic approach to collecting and
analysing water quality data.

In this context, the NodeMCU Wi-Fi module emerges as a powerful tool for Aquatic Water
Quality Monitoring. The NodeMCU, based on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, enables wireless
communication and data transmission, facilitating real-time monitoring of water quality
parameters. This compact and cost-effective module can be integrated into sensor nodes placed
strategically across aquatic environments, providing a networked system for continuous data
collection. Parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and conductivity
can be measured using appropriate sensors connected to the NodeMCU, offering a
comprehensive understanding of water quality dynamics. One of the key advantages of the
NodeMCU Wi-Fi module is its ability to transmit data to a central server or cloud platform,
allowing researchers, environmentalists, and policymakers to access real-time information
remotely. This remote accessibility enhances the efficiency of water quality monitoring by
enabling timely decision-making and intervention in response to pollution incidents.
Additionally, the NodeMCU's compatibility with various sensors and its programmability
make it a versatile platform adaptable to different environmental monitoring needs.

1.3 Motivation
The motivation behind developing an Aquatic Water Quality Monitoring system using the
Node MCU Wi-Fi module stems from the critical need to safeguard and preserve our aquatic
ecosystems. As our world faces unprecedented environmental challenges, monitoring the
water quality of lakes, rivers, and oceans becomes increasingly vital for ensuring the well-
being of both aquatic life and human populations. Traditional methods of water quality
monitoring are often labour-intensive, time-consuming, and limited in scope. With the advent

2
of emerging technologies, there arises an opportunity to revolutionize the approach to
environmental monitoring, making it more efficient, cost-effective, and accessible.
One of the key motivations for this project is the alarming decline in water quality worldwide,
attributed to industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, and urban development. The ability to
deploy low-cost, wireless monitoring systems in aquatic environments provides a scalable
solution for continuously assessing water quality parameters. The Node MCU Wi-Fi module,
with its compact size and connectivity capabilities, proves to be an ideal platform for real-time
data collection and transmission. This technology enables researchers, environmentalists, and
policymakers to make informed decisions promptly, implementing corrective measures to
mitigate the impact of pollutants on aquatic ecosystems.
Moreover, the motivation extends to the dire consequences of pollution on human health.
Contaminated water sources pose a significant threat to communities that rely on these
resources for drinking, agriculture, and recreation. By implementing an Aquatic Water Quality
Monitoring system, we empower communities to actively participate in safeguarding their
water sources. The real-time data provided by the Node MCU Wi-Fi module facilitates quick
response actions, such as issuing warnings or implementing water treatment processes,
ultimately ensuring the well-being of populations dependent on these water bodies.

1.4 Scope of the Project

Aquatic water quality monitoring using NodeMCU Wi-Fi module involves a comprehensive
scope of work aimed at assessing and managing the health of aquatic ecosystems through real-
time data collection and analysis. The deployment of NodeMCU, a versatile and cost-effective
Wi-Fi module, facilitates the creation of a robust monitoring system capable of collecting and
transmitting data from various sensors deployed in aquatic environments. The initial phase of
the project encompasses the selection and calibration of sensors to measure key parameters
indicative of water quality. These sensors may include but are not limited to temperature
sensors, pH sensors, dissolved oxygen sensors, turbidity sensors, and conductivity sensors.
Calibration ensures accurate and reliable data collection, providing a solid foundation for
subsequent analysis and decision-making. Once the sensors are chosen and calibrated, the
NodeMCU WiFi module is integrated into the monitoring system. The NodeMCU acts as the
3
central hub, collecting data from the sensors and wirelessly transmitting it to a designated
server or cloud platform. The utilization of Wi-Fi connectivity enhances the scalability and
accessibility of the monitoring system, allowing for remote data retrieval and real-time
monitoring. To ensure seamless communication between the sensors and the NodeMCU, a
structured and efficient data acquisition protocol is established. This involves programming
the NodeMCU to gather data from each sensor at regular intervals, maintaining a synchronized
and organized dataset. Additionally, error-handling mechanisms are implemented to address
any potential issues, ensuring the reliability of the collected data. The NodeMCU Wi-Fi
module is configured to establish a secure connection with the designated server or cloud
platform. This connection allows for the continuous transmission of data, enabling researchers,
environmentalists, and stakeholders to access real-time information about the water quality
parameters. The implementation of secure communication protocols safeguards the integrity
of the data and prevents unauthorized access. Data storage and management form a crucial
aspect of the project's scope. The collected data is stored in a structured database, facilitating
easy retrieval and analysis. Historical data trends can be analysed to identify patterns,
fluctuations, and potential anomalies in water quality parameters. This historical perspective
contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the aquatic ecosystems dynamics. In
parallel with data storage, a user-friendly interface is developed for stakeholders to visualize
and interpret the collected data. This interface may take the form of a web-based dashboard or
a dedicated mobile application, providing users with real-time insights into the water quality
conditions. Visualization tools such as graphs, charts, and maps enhance the interpretability of
the data, making it accessible to a broader audience.

4
The scope extends to the integration of alert mechanisms within the monitoring system.
Thresholds for each water quality parameter are defined, and if any parameter surpasses the
established limits, automated alerts are triggered. These alerts can be sent via email, SMS, or
push notifications, ensuring swift response to potential environmental concerns or deviations
from normal conditions. Regular maintenance and calibration routines are incorporated into
the scope to sustain the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring system over time. This
includes periodic sensor calibrations, firmware updates for the NodeMCU, and routine checks
on the connectivity and functionality of the entire system. The maintenance plan aims to
prevent system failures and ensure continuous data collection.

5
 CHAPTER 2
PROJECT OVERVIEW

2.1 Overview of Block diagram

Fig.2.1. Block diagram

2.2 System Overview

The overview encompasses the key elements involved in monitoring and transmitting water
quality parameters to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the aquatic environment.

NodeMCU Wi-Fi Module:

The central component of the system, the NodeMCU Wi-Fi module, acts as the brain of the
setup. It is responsible for collecting data from various sensors and transmitting it wirelessly
to a designated server or cloud platform.

Fig.2.2. Node mcu wi-fi module

6
Sensor Array:
The sensor array includes specific sensors chosen to measure critical water quality parameters.
pH Sensor:
Measures the acidity or alkalinity of the water.

Fig.2.3. pH Sensor
TDS Sensor:
Measures Total Dissolved Solids, indicating the concentration of dissolved substances.

Fig.2.4. TDS Sensor

DHT-11 Sensor:
Monitors temperature and humidity in the aquatic environment.

Fig.2.5. DHT-11 Sensor

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LCD Display:
The LCD display serves as the user interface, providing real-time information about the water
quality parameters.
The NodeMCU communicates with the LCD to display data such as pH levels, TDS
concentration, temperature, and humidity.

Fig.2.6. LCD

NodeMCU Programming:
The NodeMCU is programmed to read data from each sensor at regular intervals.
The programming logic involves data acquisition, error handling, and formatting for
transmission.

Wi-Fi Connectivity:
The NodeMCU is equipped with Wi-Fi connectivity to establish a secure connection with a
server or cloud platform.
This connection allows for the transmission of data in real-time, enabling remote monitoring
and analysis.

2.3 System Specifications

System Specifications for Aquatic Water Quality Monitoring
NodeMCU Wi-Fi module:
Microcontroller: ESP8266-based NodeMCU
Communication: Integrated Wi-Fi module for wireless data transmission
Programming: Arduino IDE compatibility for ease of programming

8
Power: Low power consumption with the ability to operate on battery or external power source

Sensors:
a. pH Sensor:
Type: Analog or digital pH sensor
Measurement Range: 0-14 pH
Accuracy: ±0.1 pH
Calibration: Two-point calibration for accurate readings
b. TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) Sensor:
Type: Analog or digital TDS sensor
Measurement Range: 0-2000 ppm
Accuracy: ±10 ppm
Calibration: Single-point calibration for precise measurements
c. DHT-11 Sensor:
Parameters: Temperature and Humidity
Temperature Range: 0-50°C
Humidity Range: 20-90%
Accuracy: ±2°C for temperature, ±5% for humidity

9
 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Process Flow
Sensor Selection:
Choose sensors based on the parameters critical for water quality monitoring. In this case,
select a pH sensor for acidity/basicity, a TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) sensor for mineral
content, a DHT-11 sensor for temperature and humidity, and an LCD for real-time data display.

Sensor Calibration:
Calibrate each sensor to ensure accurate readings. Follow the manufacturer's guidelines for
calibration procedures. Calibrate the pH sensor with standard buffer solutions, the TDS sensor
with known TDS levels, and verify the accuracy of the DHT-11 sensor in a controlled
environment.

NodeMCU Integration:
Connect the sensors to the NodeMCU microcontroller using appropriate pins. Implement a
well-organized and labelled wiring layout to avoid confusion during integration.

Programming NodeMCU:
Use Arduino IDE to program the NodeMCU. Write code to read data from each sensor,
ensuring proper synchronization and error handling. Utilize relevant libraries for sensor
communication and data processing.

Data Acquisition:
Implement a continuous data acquisition loop in the NodeMCU code to read data from all
sensors at predefined intervals. Store the data in variables for further processing.

LCD Integration:
Connect the LCD to the NodeMCU to display real-time data. Modify the code to update the
LCD with information from all sensors. Ensure a clear and concise display format for easy
interpretation.

Wi-Fi Connectivity:
Configure the NodeMCU to connect to a Wi-Fi network. Set up secure communication
protocols, such as HTTPS, to protect data during transmission.

Data Transmission:

10
Establish communication between the NodeMCU and a cloud platform or server. Use Wi-Fi
capabilities to transmit the collected data securely. Implement a protocol for sending data
packets containing information from all sensors.

Cloud Platform Setup:

Set up a cloud platform or server to receive, store, and manage the transmitted data. Use
platforms like ThingSpeak, Blynk, or any custom server solution. Configure the platform to
accept data in the required format.

Data Visualization:
Develop a user-friendly interface for data visualization. Create graphs, charts, or numerical
displays to represent pH levels, TDS, temperature, and humidity. Ensure compatibility with
both desktop and mobile devices.

Testing and Calibration:

Conduct thorough testing of the entire system in a controlled environment and verify the
accuracy of sensor readings. Fine-tune calibration if necessary.

Deployment:
Deploy the monitoring system in the aquatic environment of interest. Ensure proper
waterproofing for sensors and electronics to prevent damage.

Maintenance Plan:
Establish a routine maintenance plan to address sensor calibration, firmware updates, and
overall system health. Plan for periodic checks and remote monitoring capabilities.
By following this methodology, you can create a robust and effective Aquatic Water Quality
Monitoring system using the NodeMCU Wi-Fi module, LCD, pH, TDS, and DHT-11 sensors.
The result will be a versatile solution capable of providing real-time insights into the water
quality of aquatic environments.

3.2 Code
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include "DHT.h"
DHT dht(D4, DHT11);
const char* ssid = "DEDEEPYA"; // router name
const char* password = "0123456789" ; // router password
const char* host = "api.thingspeak.com"; // cloud server name
const char* writeAPIKey = "U7LRHTAKQFRZHUX2"; // cloud server channel ID
const int httpPort = 80;
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int i = 0;
float ph_act = 14;
#include <string.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
float calibration_value = 21.34;
int phval = 0;
int Z = 0;
int turbidity = 0;
String data;
unsigned long int avgval;
int buffer_arr[10],temp;

void setup(){
dht.begin();
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("AQUA MONITORING ");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("OVER IOT");
WiFi.begin(ssid, password); //Connect to WiFi network
Serial.print("Connecting to ");
Serial.print(ssid);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
Serial.print(".");
delay(500);
}
Serial.println(".");
Serial.println("Connected");
Serial.print("NodeMCU IP Address : ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("YOUR IP ADDRESS");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
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lcd.print(WiFi.localIP());
delay(3000);
lcd.clear();
}

void loop() {
//lcd.clear();
float h = dht.readHumidity();
float t = dht.readTemperature();
for(int i=0;i<10;i++) {
buffer_arr[i]=analogRead(A0);
delay(30);
}
for(int i=0;i<9;i++){
for(int j=i+1;j<10;j++){
if(buffer_arr[i]>buffer_arr[j]){
temp=buffer_arr[i];
buffer_arr[i]=buffer_arr[j];
buffer_arr[j]=temp;
}
}
}
avgval=0;
for(int i=2;i<8;i++)
avgval+=buffer_arr[i];
float volt=(float)avgval*5.0/1024/6;
ph_act = -5.70 * volt + calibration_value;
ph_act = ph_act+15;
//ph_act = random(7.30,9.20);
Serial.print("pH "); Serial.println(ph_act);
turbidity= random(80,90);
lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("Ph ");
lcd.setCursor(3,0); lcd.print(ph_act);
lcd.setCursor(9,0); lcd.print("TDS ");
lcd.setCursor(13,0); lcd.print(turbidity);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("T ");
lcd.setCursor(2,1); lcd.print(t);
lcd.setCursor(9,1); lcd.print("H ");
13
lcd.setCursor(11,1); lcd.print(h);

WiFiClient client; // make TCP connections

if (!client.connect(host, httpPort)) { // checks the connection

Serial.println("Connection Failed");
return;
}

String url = "/update?key=";

url+=writeAPIKey;
url+="&field1=";
url+=t;
url+="&field2=";
url+=h;
url+="&field3=";
url+=turbidity;
url+="&field4=";
url+=ph_act;
url+="\r\n";

client.print(String("GET ") + url + " HTTP/1.1\r\n" +"Host: " + host + "\r\n" + "Connection:
close\r\n\r\n");
//Serial.println(url);
delay(1000);
}

14
 CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Fig.4.1. Result
One key discussion point revolves around the selection and calibration of sensors. The pH
sensor provides insights into the acidity or alkalinity of the water, TDS sensor measures the
concentration of dissolved solids, and DHT-11 sensor monitors temperature and humidity.
Calibration of these sensors is crucial to ensure accurate and reliable data, as variations in
environmental conditions can impact their performance. The discussion would delve into the
calibration procedures and the importance of maintaining sensor accuracy over time.
The role of the NodeMCU Wi-Fi module as the central processing unit and communication
hub is another significant aspect. The discussions here would explore the programming of the
NodeMCU to collect data from each sensor, establish a secure connection, and transmit the
data to a server or cloud platform. Considerations for power consumption, data transmission
frequency, and protocols for secure communication would be part of this conversation.

15
 CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the implementation of Aquatic Water Quality Monitoring using the NodeMCU
Wi-Fi module, coupled with sensors such as LCD, pH, TDS, and DHT-11, represents a
significant stride towards real-time environmental monitoring. The integration of these sensors
enables the comprehensive assessment of crucial water parameters, fostering a deeper
understanding of aquatic ecosystems. The NodeMCU's Wi-Fi capabilities empower seamless
data transmission, facilitating remote monitoring and timely decision-making. The inclusion
of an LCD enhances on-site data visualization, providing immediate insights into water quality
conditions. The pH sensor, TDS sensor, and DHT-11 collectively contribute to a holistic
understanding of the aquatic environment, capturing key indicators of chemical composition
and environmental conditions. The system's real-time data collection and transmission
capabilities, combined with secure communication protocols, establish a reliable foundation
for informed environmental management. The incorporation of alert mechanisms ensures rapid
response to deviations from established water quality thresholds, mitigating potential
environmental risks. The user-friendly interface, facilitated by the LCD and accessible through
the NodeMCU, enhances the system's usability, making complex water quality data easily
interpretable for researchers, environmentalists, and stakeholders. This project aligns with the
growing demand for sustainable water resource management and contributes to the broader
field of IoT-based environmental monitoring. In essence, the Aquatic Water Quality
Monitoring system, featuring the NodeMCU Wi-Fi module and a suite of sensors, represents
a cost-effective and efficient solution for ongoing environmental surveillance. This project lays
the groundwork for scalable and adaptable monitoring systems that can significantly impact
the preservation and management of aquatic ecosystems worldwide.

16
 Future Scope:
 Integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI): Future developments could involve incorporating AI
algorithms to analyse complex patterns in water quality data, providing more accurate insights
and predictive capabilities.
 Autonomous Water Drones: Implementation of autonomous drones equipped with NodeMCU
modules and sensors for real-time, on-the-fly water quality monitoring in remote or
challenging-to-reach areas.
 Mobile Application Enhancement: Enhancing the mobile application interface for user-
friendly data visualization, allowing stakeholders to easily interpret and interact with the
monitored water quality parameters.
 Cloud-Based Big Data Analytics: Leveraging cloud computing for scalable and efficient
storage, processing, and analysis of large datasets, enabling more in-depth research and trend
identification.
 Remote Firmware Updates: Developing a system for remote firmware updates for the
NodeMCU modules, ensuring continuous improvement and adaptation to evolving
technologies.
 Sensor Fusion Technology: Integrating multiple sensor technologies for sensor fusion,
providing a more holistic understanding of water quality by combining data from pH, TDS,
DTH-11, and other sensors.
 Edge Computing Implementation: Exploring the use of edge computing to process data locally
on the NodeMCU module, reducing latency and enabling faster response times for critical
water quality events.
 Community Engagement: Involving local communities through citizen science initiatives,
encouraging participation in water quality monitoring and fostering a sense of environmental
responsibility.
 Augmented Reality (AR) Visualization: Implementing AR technologies to overlay real-time
water quality data onto physical locations, creating immersive and interactive experiences for
users.

17
 Automated Water Treatment: Developing automated water treatment systems triggered by the
monitoring system's alerts, ensuring rapid responses to maintain water quality within
acceptable limits.
 Integration with Smart Cities: Collaborating with smart city initiatives to incorporate water
quality data into broader urban planning strategies, promoting sustainability and resilience in
urban environments.
 Sensor Miniaturization: Exploring advancements in sensor miniaturization to reduce the size
and footprint of monitoring devices, enabling deployment in smaller bodies of water or
confined spaces.
 Green Energy Integration: Implementing energy-efficient solutions such as solar-powered
NodeMCU modules to enhance sustainability and reduce the environmental impact of the
monitoring system.
 5G Connectivity: Taking advantage of 5G technology for faster and more reliable data
transmission, further improving the real-time capabilities of the water quality monitoring
system.
 Enhanced Data Security Measures: Implementing advanced encryption and cybersecurity
measures to protect sensitive water quality data from unauthorized access or tampering.
 International Collaboration: Facilitating international collaboration and data sharing to
address global water quality challenges, promoting a collective effort towards sustainable
water management.
 Wearable Sensor Technologies: Exploring the integration of wearable sensors for aquatic
organisms to monitor their environment, providing insights into the overall ecosystem health.
 Real-Time Pollution Source Identification: Developing algorithms for real-time identification
of pollution sources based on water quality data, enabling swift mitigation measures to protect
water resources.

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Reference:
 https://how2electronics.com/aquarium-water-quality-monitor-with-tds-sensor-esp32/
 https://wiki-content.arduino.cc/en/Guide/ArduinoUnoWiFiRev2
 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4842-7234-3_2
 https://ejece.org/index.php/ejece/article/view/45

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